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among others, considered anything that was not directly authorized by the Bible to be a novel and
Catholic introduction to worship, which was to be rejected. All hymns that were not direct quotations from the Bible fell into this category. Such hymns were banned, along with any form of instrumental
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wrote that a
Christian maiden ought not even to know what a lyre or flute is like, or to what use it is put. Evidence of musical roles during the 6th through 7th centuries is particularly sparse because of the cycle of invasions of Germanic tribes in the West and doctrinal and political conflict in
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During the first two or three centuries, Christian communities incorporated into their observances features of Greek music and the music of other cultures bordering on the eastern
Mediterranean Sea. As the early Church spread from Jerusalem to Asia Minor, North Africa, and Europe, it absorbed other
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The tradition of
Christmas carols goes back as far as the 13th century, although carols were originally communal songs sung during celebrations like harvest tide as well as Christmas. It was only in the late 18th and 19th centuries that carols began to be sung in church, and to be specifically
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musical influences. For example, the monasteries and churches of Syria were important in the development of psalm singing and the use of strophic devotional song, or hymns. The use of instruments in early
Christian music seems to have been frowned upon. In the late 4th or early 5th century,
1563:, the traditional language of the Catholic Church, but there are a significant number written in the languages of non-Catholic countries where vernacular worship has long been the norm. For example, there are many masses (often called "Communion Services") written in English for the
2078:, and others produced testimonial music for evangelistic crusades. These are often designated "gospel songs" as distinct from hymns, since they generally include a refrain (or chorus) and usually (though not always) a faster tempo than the hymns. As examples of the distinction, "
1781:. These sections, the "proper" of the mass, change with the day and season according to the church calendar, or according to the special circumstances of the mass. The proper of the mass is usually not set to music in a mass itself, except in the case of a
2026:, produced a burst of hymn writing and congregational singing. Luther and his followers often used their hymns, or chorales, to teach tenets of the faith to worshipers. The earlier English writers tended to paraphrase biblical text, particularly
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lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries, with later additions and redactions, but the texts and many of the melodies have antecedents going back several centuries earlier. Although a 9th-century legend credits
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Music is an integral part of mass. It accompanies various rituals acts and contributes to the totality of worship service. Music in mass is an activity that participants share with others in the celebration of Jesus Christ.
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that accompanied the celebration of Mass and other ritual services. This musical form originated in
Monastic life, in which singing the 'Divine Service' nine times a day at the proper hours was upheld according to the
1662:, or the Mass of the Dead, is a modified version of the ordinary mass. Musical settings of the Requiem mass have a long tradition in Western music. There are many notable works in this tradition, including those by
1923:." ("A hymn is the praise of God with song; a song is the exultation of the mind dwelling on eternal things, bursting forth in the voice.") The earliest Christian hymns are mentioned round about the year 64 by
2086:" is a gospel song. During the 19th century the gospel-song genre spread rapidly in Protestantism and, to a lesser but still definite extent, in Catholicism. The gospel-song genre is unknown in the worship
2052:, not only within Methodism, but in most Protestant churches. He developed a new focus: expressing one's personal feelings in the relationship with God as well as the simple worship seen in older hymns. The
1975:, can be traced to the 6th and 7th centuries. Catholic hymnody in the Western church introduced four-part vocal harmony as the norm, adopting major and minor keys, and came to be led by organ and choir.
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with having personally invented
Gregorian chant by receiving the chant melodies through divine intervention of the Holy Spirit, scholars now believe that the chant bearing his name arose from a later
186:
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followed this tradition, but is also credited as having written the first
English hymn which was not a direct paraphrase of Scripture. Later writers took even more freedom, some even including
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A carol is a festive song, generally religious but not necessarily connected with church worship, often having a popular character. Today the carol is represented almost exclusively by the
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1621:("Holy, Holy, Holy"), the second part of which, beginning with the word "Benedictus" ("Blessed is he"), was often sung separately after the consecration, if the setting was long. (See
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authored carols and encouraged their use in worship), but survived in rural communities until the revival of interest in carols in the 19th century. The first appearance in print of "
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This setting of the
Ordinary of the Mass spawned a tradition of Mass composition to which many famous composers of the standard concert repertory made contributions, including
1567:. At a time when Christianity was competing for prominence with other religions, the music and chants were often beautiful and elaborate to attract new members to the Church.
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chant and in later traditions new composition styles were practiced in juxtaposition (or co-habitation) with monophonic chant. This practice continued into the lifetime of
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musical accompaniment, and organs were ripped out of churches. Instead of hymns, Biblical psalms were chanted, most often without accompaniment. This was known as
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up to and including a full orchestra. Many masses, especially later ones, were never intended to be performed during the celebration of an actual mass.
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In its long history, Gregorian Chant has been subjected to many gradual changes and some reforms. It was organized, codified, and notated mainly in the
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During the following centuries, the Chant tradition was still at the heart of Church music, where it changed and acquired various accretions. Even the
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1963:, a Spanish poet of the late 4th century was one of the most prolific hymn writers of the time. Early Celtic hymns, associated with
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Chant. Although it had mostly fallen into disuse after the
Baroque period, Chant experienced a revival in the 19th century in the
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of the 18th century created an explosion of hymn writing in Welsh, which continued into the first half of the 19th century.
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makes it likely that the antiphonal method originated in the services of the ancient Israelites. According to the historian
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the East as well as the consequent instability of Christian institutions in the former Roman empire. The introduction of
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by Eastern Orthodox churches, which rely exclusively on traditional chants, and disallow instrumental accompaniment.
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was mentioned by Saint Basil around 370. Latin hymns appear at around the same time, influenced by Saint
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2584:. Second Series, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Grand Rapids: W. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 1957.
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Hymnus est laus Dei cum cantico; canticum autem exultatio mentis de aeternis habita, prorumpens in vocem
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and are often based on Biblical passages other than the psalms; they are still used in Catholic,
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chord progressions, and it is this that gives them their characteristic sound. Some carols like
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helped to repopularize the carol, and it is this period that gave rise to such favorites as "
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1373:"a hymn to Christ, as to God". Antiphonal psalmody is the singing or musical playing of
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This article is about Christian religious music. For religious music in general, see
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or other musical compositions. The sections of the proper of the mass include the
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In a liturgical mass, there are variable other sections that may be sung, often in
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encouraging the Ephesians and Colossians to use psalms, hymns and spiritual songs.
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Matt. xxvi 30 'When they had sung a hymn, they went out into the Mount of Olives'
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by alternating groups of performers. The peculiar mirror structure of the Hebrew
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1325:, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a
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1915:, in the introduction to his commentary on the Psalms, defined the Christian
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1389:(died 107), who in a vision had seen the angels singing in alternate choirs.
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written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical
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A.C. Zenos, ed., "The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus", in
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associated with Christmas. Traditionally, carols have often been based on
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A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church
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1898:", a New England carol written by Edmund H. Sears and Richard S. Willis.
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and "Angels from the Realms of Glory" can be traced directly back to the
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Hann, C.M. (June 2003). "Creeds, Cultures And The 'Witchery Of Music'".
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in the United States, this led to the emergence of a new popular style.
1580:, for the human voice alone, or they can be accompanied by instrumental
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1999:. Examples of this may still be found in various places, including the
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In Spirit and in Truth: Exploring Directions in Music in Worship Today
2101:, the Catholic Church continued to produce many popular hymns such as
1847:, and are among the oldest musical compositions still regularly sung.
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Along with the more classical sacred music of composers ranging from
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2476:"St. Thomas's Introduction to his Exposition of the Psalms of David"
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1365:(53–117) asking for advice about how to persecute the Christians in
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The Story of Christian Music: From Gregorian Chant to Black Gospel
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resulted in two conflicting attitudes to hymns. One approach, the
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is traditionally believed to date from the time of the papacy of
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music that arose from the venerable old chants in the Organa by
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churches gained prominence (although well-known Reformers like
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The mass is a form of music that sets out the parts of the
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2527:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 10–11, 19.
2410:. Washington, D.C.: The Pastoral Press. pp. 34–35.
1431:, scripted in square notation in the 14th–15th century
2221:
Schaff and Wace, book VI, chapter VIII, vol. 2, p. 144
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which includes a range of styles often influenced by
1385:, its introduction into Christian worship was due to
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2109:, "O Sacrament Divine" and "Faith of our Fathers".
75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2609:. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1989. x, 198 p.
2238:. W.W. Norton & Company Inc. pp. 25, 27.
1850:Carols suffered a decline in popularity after the
2602:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967. 166 p.
2450:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 30.
2425:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 12.
2385:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 11.
2381:Richard, Oxford History of Western Music (2013).
2360:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 43.
1443:Gregorian chant is the main tradition of Western
27:Christian music written for performance in church
3234:
1346:is the last meeting of the disciples before the
1350:. Outside the Gospels, there is a reference to
1136:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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2935:
2547:
2286:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
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2003:and the "free churches" of western Scotland.
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2022:The other Reformation approach, favored by
1625:for other chants beginning with that word.)
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2066:sung during times of slavery. During the
1555:) to music. Most masses are settings of
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2420:
2355:
2325:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
2005:
1810:
1419:
1342:The only record of communal song in the
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2263:. Oxford: Lion Publishing. p. 28.
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14:
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3194:Contemporary Catholic liturgical music
2596:Church Music in the Nineteenth Century
2522:
2405:
2333:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.522
2909:
2642:
2318:
1935:. Early Christian hymns are known as
1827:carol, and to a lesser extent by the
3217:
3098:Christian bands and artists by genre
2319:Flynn, William T. (April 26, 2018).
2283:
2229:
2227:
2062:developed a rich hymnody out of the
1901:
73:adding citations to reliable sources
44:
2668:
2470:
2448:The Oxford History of Western Music
2423:The Oxford History of Western Music
1880:Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern
1131:Members Church of God International
24:
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1409:
25:
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2620:
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493:List of Christian Nobel laureates
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3207:
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2806:Christian electronic dance music
2626:
2236:Concise History of Western Music
2139:
1927:in his letters. The Greek hymn,
1257:
49:
3148:Christian worship music artists
2548:Wilson-Dickson, Andrew (1992).
2541:
2525:An Annotated Anthology of Hymns
2516:
2502:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
2493:
2464:
2439:
2414:
2399:
2358:Oxford History of Western Music
2259:Wilson-Dickson, Andrew (1992).
2082:" is a hymn (no refrain), but "
1984:regulative principle of worship
1896:It Came Upon the Midnight Clear
1357:Later, there is a reference in
60:needs additional citations for
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1971:, including the still extant,
1612:("I believe in one God"), the
1498:in Paris (1160–1240) ended in
1141:The New Church (Swedenborgian)
1086:Nondenominational Christianity
13:
1:
2708:Hymnody of continental Europe
2190:
2016:Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott
1908:Hymnody of continental Europe
558:Christian influences in Islam
2765:Contemporary Christian music
2760:Christian adult contemporary
2550:The Story of Christian Music
2499:Randel, Don Michael (1986),
2321:"Christian Liturgical Music"
1864:God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen
1785:, but may be the subject of
1146:Unitarians and Universalists
536:Christianity in Civilization
483:List of Christian scientists
377:American Catholic literature
7:
2406:Pottie, Charles S. (1984).
2132:
1973:Saint Patrick's Breastplate
1876:Hark the Herald Angels Sing
1606:("Glory be to God on high")
1439:, patron saint of Finland
1310:Casanatensis (14th century)
498:Catholic Church and science
10:
3269:
3253:Christian liturgical music
2826:Christian alternative rock
2770:Contemporary worship music
2574:
2446:Taruskin, Richard (2013).
2421:Taruskin, Richard (2013).
2356:Taruskin, Richard (2013).
2165:Contemporary worship music
2119:contemporary worship music
2048:'s hymns spread Methodist
1905:
1804:
1543:(chiefly belonging to the
1529:
1413:
1383:Socrates of Constantinople
1361:who writes to the emperor
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29:
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3123:Christian hip hop artists
3103:Christian country artists
3093:Anglican church composers
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3011:
2946:
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2894:Urban contemporary gospel
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2408:A More Profound Alleluia!
2234:Hanning, Barbara (2006).
2112:
1800:
402:Christian science fiction
3184:Christian music industry
3179:Christian music festival
3108:Christian hardcore bands
2160:Church music in Scotland
2117:Many churches today use
551:Eastern Orthodox history
3143:Christian vocal artists
3138:Christian record labels
3118:Christian metal artists
2801:Christian country music
2600:Studies in Church Music
2298:10.1111/1467-9655.00147
2212:Eph. v. 19, Col. iii 16
1854:in the countries where
1525:
1479:synthesis of Roman and
407:Spiritual autobiography
3248:Christian music genres
2971:Ethiopian and Eritrean
2780:Neues Geistliches Lied
2746:
2068:Second Great Awakening
2019:
1980:Protestant Reformation
1951:liturgy, examples are
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1696:Tomás Luis de Victoria
1547:, the Churches of the
1473:Pope Gregory the Great
1461:Rule of Saint Benedict
1440:
1311:
198:
3169:Anglican church music
2872:Latin Christian music
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2523:Watson, J.R. (2003).
2010:An early printing of
2009:
1929:Hail Gladdening Light
1906:Further information:
1814:
1433:Graduale Aboense
1423:
1338:Early Christian music
1305:
197:
3128:Christian punk bands
3113:Christian rock bands
2937:Christian liturgical
2677:Roots and beginnings
2635:at Wikimedia Commons
1591:Ordinary of the Mass
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1406:in the 7th century.
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40:Church Music (album)
3133:Christian ska bands
2605:Robin Sheldon, ed.
2594:Hutchings, Arthur.
2556:. pp. 110–11.
2147:Christianity portal
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1600:("Lord have mercy")
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34:. For the album by
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2747:
2713:Exclusive psalmody
2103:Lead, Kindly Light
2084:How Great Thou Art
2020:
2001:Churches of Christ
1997:exclusive psalmody
1986:, favored by many
1817:
1549:Anglican Communion
1520:Anglican Communion
1441:
1400:church organ music
1312:
1308:Tacuinum Sanitatis
1003:Church of the East
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2367:978-0-19-509762-7
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119:
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3153:Gospel musicians
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2923:
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2656:
2649:
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2545:
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2488:
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2478:. Archived from
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2275:
2274:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2231:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2175:Liturgical music
2149:
2144:
2143:
2042:in their texts.
1933:Ambrose of Milan
1728:Frederick Delius
1684:Antoine de FĂ©vin
1680:Pedro de Escobar
1668:Pierre de la Rue
1306:Church singing,
1292:
1285:
1278:
1261:
1106:Christadelphians
1036:Free Evangelical
989:Eastern Orthodox
946:
945:
897:East–West Schism
629:
606:
605:
596:
589:
582:
546:Catholic history
455:Liturgical music
392:Christian poetry
169:
147:
146:
140:
133:
129:
126:
120:
118:
77:
53:
45:
21:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3259:
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3257:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3198:
3174:Christian media
3157:
3077:
3015:
3007:
2942:
2934:
2898:
2877:Southern gospel
2831:Christian metal
2789:
2748:
2737:
2672:
2670:Christian music
2667:
2623:
2591:
2589:Further reading
2577:
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2198:
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2155:Christian music
2145:
2138:
2135:
2115:
1910:
1904:
1888:Arthur Sullivan
1821:Christmas carol
1809:
1803:
1779:Gregorian chant
1748:Herbert Howells
1732:Maurice Duruflé
1553:Lutheran Church
1551:, and also the
1545:Catholic Church
1534:
1528:
1512:Catholic Church
1429:Gaudeamus omnes
1418:
1416:Gregorian chant
1412:
1410:Gregorian chant
1340:
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1319:Christian music
1296:
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1203:Other religions
1163:
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842:
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754:
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371:
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355:
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317:
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280:
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264:
263:
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215:
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196:
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78:
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32:Religious music
28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
3266:
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3245:
3228:
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2855:Christian ska
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2534:0-19-926583-6
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3243:Church music
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2862:Gospel blues
2785:Mass (music)
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301:Lutheran art
296:Catholic art
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67:Please help
62:verification
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18:Church Music
2887:Traditional
2723:Sacred Harp
2718:Jesus music
2032:Isaac Watts
1852:Reformation
1845:Middle Ages
1633:Lamb of God
1557:the liturgy
1538:Eucharistic
1477:Carolingian
1348:Crucifixion
1056:Pentecostal
938:(full list)
912:Reformation
877:Constantine
796:Christology
786:Apologetics
779:Holy Spirit
700:Foundations
670:Crucifixion
349:Video games
3237:Categories
3038:Beneventan
3029:(Milanese)
2733:Spirituals
2728:Shape note
2486:2008-02-08
2191:References
2099:Monteverdi
2064:spirituals
1992:Calvinists
1988:Zwinglians
1961:Prudentius
1957:Benedicite
1925:Saint Paul
1882:(1833) by
1856:Protestant
1764:Penderecki
1752:Stravinsky
1692:Palestrina
1623:Benedictus
1583:obbligatos
1577:a cappella
1508:homophonic
1500:monophonic
1488:polyphonic
1452:liturgical
1449:monophonic
1445:plainchant
1435:, honours
1395:St. Jerome
1116:Irvingians
1081:Waldensian
1021:Anabaptist
1010:Protestant
366:Literature
125:April 2014
95:newspapers
3068:Old Roman
3063:Mozarabic
3058:Gregorian
3027:Ambrosian
3018:Plainsong
2961:Byzantine
2703:Hymn tune
2688:Polyphony
2684:Homophony
2306:1359-0987
2014:'s hymn "
1949:Methodist
1937:canticles
1878:" was in
1708:Cherubini
1653:Beethoven
1629:Agnus Dei
1454:chant of
1223:Symbolism
1183:Ecumenism
1173:Criticism
1051:Moravian
1046:Methodist
1016:Adventist
887:Augustine
837:Tradition
811:Salvation
680:Ascension
291:Early art
3212:Category
3053:Gelineau
3048:Gallican
3033:Anglican
3003:Znamenny
2976:Galician
2956:Armenian
2513:(p. 143)
2383:Taruskin
2170:Evensong
2133:See also
2050:theology
2040:metaphor
2036:allegory
1945:Anglican
1941:Lutheran
1837:medieval
1720:Bruckner
1664:Ockeghem
1514:and the
1468:Frankish
1367:Bithynia
1352:St. Paul
1241:Glossary
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1071:Reformed
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960:Catholic
902:Crusades
892:Ignatius
882:Councils
847:Apostles
752:Theology
665:Ministry
655:Nativity
611:a series
609:Part of
248:Holidays
152:a series
150:Part of
3222:Commons
3073:Ravenna
3013:Western
2981:Obikhod
2948:Eastern
2693:Chorale
2575:Sources
2129:style.
1953:Te Deum
1919:thus: "
1894:" and "
1874:" and "
1831:carol.
1795:gradual
1791:introit
1756:Britten
1712:Berlioz
1688:Morales
1619:Sanctus
1541:liturgy
1496:PĂ©rotin
1426:Introit
1344:Gospels
1333:History
1323:liturgy
1251:Outline
1228:Worship
1208:Outline
1198:Liturgy
1178:Culture
1031:Baptist
971:Eastern
907:Aquinas
832:History
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2088:per se
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1829:Easter
1825:Advent
1823:, the
1801:Carols
1787:motets
1770:, and
1724:Dvořák
1716:Brahms
1704:Gossec
1700:Mozart
1672:Brumel
1649:Mozart
1604:Gloria
1492:LĂ©onin
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3086:Lists
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1768:Henze
1744:Verdi
1740:Liszt
1736:Fauré
1645:Haydn
1610:Credo
1598:Kyrie
1561:Latin
1437:Henry
1246:Index
1193:Index
966:Latin
852:Peter
734:Creed
724:Canon
696:Bible
640:Jesus
424:Music
328:Media
311:Icons
116:JSTOR
102:books
2698:Hymn
2686:vs.
2611:ISBN
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2554:SPCK
2529:ISBN
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2302:ISSN
2265:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2038:and
1978:The
1967:and
1955:and
1947:and
1917:hymn
1870:", "
1866:", "
1658:The
1651:and
1641:Bach
1526:Mass
1494:and
1424:The
1327:hymn
862:Mary
857:Paul
88:news
2329:doi
2294:doi
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759:God
435:CCM
275:Art
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