279:
308:£473.83 on presents, making far more profligate than European. It was normal to spend as much as £300 per child. Retailers predicted £1.1bn would be spent on toys during Christmastime 2020, with an average of £105 spent on younger children. The relationship between involvement in giving gifts and giving branded items as gifts was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A composite mean for involvement in gift giving was calculated at 5.81 with a standard deviation of 1.32. A calculated composite mean for involvement in brands as gifts was 1.74 and a standard deviation of 1.09. However, if parents' assuming it was normal for children to receive a lot of gifts, note that we also made a point to shop for other kids for donations. Besides, if parents plan to give no gifts, it is because they don't want children only live in this society of consumption. They will look for other things that bring more joy to the family.
192:
322: noted that because of the mismatch between what the giftee values the gift and the value paid for by the giver, the gifts lose between one-tenth and one-third of their value; he calls it the "deadweight loss of Christmas". This leads to gifts often being returned, sold, or re-gifted. In the 2016 European online survey, 15% of respondents were unhappy about their gifts and 10% could not remember what they had received. Twenty-five percent of respondents said they had re-gifted their presents to someone else, 14% sold the items, 10% tried to return them to the store, and 5% returned the gift to the giver. Seniors were more likely to send their unwanted presents to charity, while those aged 25 to 34 "simply threw them away". Gifts that are least likely to be appreciated rely on personal tastes, and include items like perfumes and cosmetics, ornaments, and clothing.
287:
108:
184:
2685:
901:
44:
212:, customs of gift-giving to children became increasingly widespread in Europe. The custom spread to the United States in the 19th century. This also coincided with the desire of some elites to reduce the rowdiness of adult Christmas celebrations, which in some places were tied to begging, as "bands of young men, often rowdy, would
456:
on
Christmas Eve and hang it on the front door on Christmas night. The wreath stayed on the front door through Epiphany. Some families also baked a special cake for the Epiphany. Other Old Time Traditions from around the world include: Giving gifts on Christmas night only. Giving gifts on the Twelfth
307:
It can divide the gifts given by parents into involvement in parental
Christmas gift giving and giving branded items as gifts. Up to the 1970s, those six weeks before Christmas accounted for 80% of the toy industry's sales. RetailMeNot research found that UK households expect to splurge an average of
303:
The tradition was also embraced by retailers, for whom the weeks and, eventually, the entire month before
Christmas became a very profitable period. Around the turn of the 20th century retailers started directing marketing efforts at children in the hopes that they would entice the parents to buy
314:
There are concerns that gift-giving during
Christmas is too commercial. Seventy percent of respondents to an online survey of 13,576 people in 14 European countries in 2016 said that too much attention is put on spending during the Christmas period, 42% said they felt forced to spend more at
485:
Popular tradition has it that there were three Magi because they presented three gifts to Jesus out of their treasure chests. The presentation of the gifts to Jesus out of their treasure chests. The presentation of the gifts is supposed to be the origin of the practice of giving
Christmas
199:
Some early
Christian rulers, however, interpreted this story as indications that it should be their subjects who should give gifts to their superiors, and insisted on tributes and tithes during that period. This changed around the turn of the millennium following the popularity of the
155:
became increasingly widespread in the Roman lands, the custom of gift-giving occurred on New Year's Day. Around 336 CE, the date
December 25 appears to have become established as the day of Jesus's birth, and the tradition of gift-giving was tied to the story of the
191:
457:
Night only. Giving gifts on each night. On the
Twelfth Night, a Twelfth Night Cake or King Cake is served with a bean or pea baked in it. The person who finds the bean or pea in his or her portion is a King of Queen for the day.
311:
In the early 2000s it was estimated that shoppers in the U.S. alone spend over $ 4 billion each day during the
Christmas shopping season, with an average individual spending over $ 1,000 on gifts.
216:
from home to home and demand handouts from the gentry". Another related aspect was the growing desire by parents to keep children at home, away from the corrupting influence of the urban streets.
278:
448:
The Twelve Days of
Christmas, also called Twelvetide, are also associated with festivities that begin on the evening of Christmas Day and last through the morning of
602:
This exchange network of ceremonial welcome was mirrored in a second reciprocity allowing early Christians to imagine their own magi: the phenomenon of giving gifts.
1936:
1931:
168:, a fourth-century Christian bishop and gift-giver, it slowly became a part of Christmas celebrations in countries such as the United Kingdom; in other
1887:
219:
Another relatively recent change concerned the time of Christmas gift-giving. For many centuries, gift-giving took place on December 6 around
2273:
1634:
1532:
1363:
680:
1867:
334:, poorly-wrapped gifts get a preferable reaction because "presents that are neatly wrapped increase a recipient's expectations."
785:
655:
752:
2262:
2069:
510:
355:
2143:
1872:
1587:
932:
615:
1941:
1730:
1301:
1127:
31:
286:
2203:
2118:
817:
639:
Most people today trace the practice of giving gifts on Christmas Day to the three gifts that the Magi gave to Jesus.
625:
550:
478:
17:
2343:
2138:
2033:
905:
842:
35:
2047:
1430:
1209:
588:
2716:
1968:
1755:
1750:
1264:
1055:
112:
2721:
2123:
1827:
1373:
87:). The practice of giving gifts during Christmastide, according to Christian tradition, is symbolic of the
1926:
1035:
580:
229:
282:
Red Cross workers packing Christmas presents for the Fighting Forces during World War II, October 1942
2279:
2268:
2188:
2040:
1961:
1780:
1537:
1425:
1139:
1100:
2295:
2081:
2003:
1921:
1914:
1817:
1700:
1420:
1122:
954:
259:
107:
2243:
2228:
2163:
2113:
2108:
2017:
1998:
1882:
1602:
1151:
925:
267:
80:
2173:
1797:
1740:
1285:
989:
392:
298:
209:
2075:
1847:
1745:
1492:
1095:
1028:
574:
540:
290:
88:
2258:
2213:
1862:
1837:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1765:
1552:
1522:
1477:
1452:
331:
452:. This period is also called Christmastide ... one early American tradition was to make a
8:
2233:
2208:
2148:
2054:
2020:
1988:
1877:
1857:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1770:
1760:
1244:
1060:
201:
243:
replaced early December or January dates as the most common date for gift-giving in the
2688:
2193:
1807:
1690:
1629:
1624:
1607:
1567:
1075:
982:
918:
449:
397:
374:
220:
177:
75:(December 24), Christmas Day itself (December 25) or on the last day of the twelve-day
2338:
2198:
2103:
2009:
1954:
1651:
1517:
1497:
1219:
1146:
1117:
1105:
968:
760:
733:
688:
621:
584:
546:
506:
474:
351:
235:
224:
183:
141:
1410:
208:. Christmas gift-giving to superiors became less common, and around the time of the
2521:
2379:
2348:
2308:
2253:
2238:
2023:
1710:
1582:
1572:
1507:
1323:
1224:
725:
227:. The popularity of this custom grew after the positive reception of the 1823 poem
205:
1680:
870:
2711:
2636:
2516:
2474:
2454:
2439:
2318:
2158:
2153:
2133:
1909:
1899:
1685:
1617:
1577:
1512:
1462:
1395:
1080:
402:
345:
255:
244:
204:
story based on the life of another historical person claimed to be a gift-giver,
138:
1557:
1249:
2567:
2429:
2374:
2248:
2178:
2128:
1975:
1695:
1663:
1487:
1353:
1328:
1296:
1234:
1204:
1134:
319:
262:
in some cultures, while in other Christian households, gifts are only given on
165:
48:
1657:
729:
2705:
2631:
2552:
2490:
1597:
1592:
1472:
1467:
1390:
1112:
1070:
1023:
975:
764:
737:
692:
263:
251:
240:
157:
92:
76:
72:
2626:
2574:
2409:
2168:
1668:
1542:
1199:
1090:
1050:
996:
152:
134:
123:
96:
2656:
2333:
2666:
2641:
2562:
2542:
2537:
2511:
2464:
2444:
2394:
2328:
1775:
1562:
1502:
1482:
1442:
1437:
1358:
1308:
875:
169:
2369:
2218:
1705:
1646:
1612:
1405:
1385:
1338:
1333:
1229:
1194:
1184:
961:
407:
378:
161:
145:
122:
in general is an ancient tradition that came to be associated with the
2404:
2646:
2434:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2389:
1715:
1348:
1343:
1318:
1274:
1214:
1065:
941:
786:"Momtroversy: How many Christmas presents should you give your kids?"
365:
Waldfogel, Joel (December 1993). "The Deadweight Loss of Christmas".
127:
84:
68:
2469:
1641:
2660:
2651:
2605:
2449:
2323:
2223:
1720:
1674:
1415:
1269:
1174:
1163:
195:
Christmas presents for World War I soldiers awaiting shipment, 1917
1254:
1189:
716:
Clarke, Peter (August 2006). "Christmas gift giving involvement".
347:
The Modern Christmas in America: A Cultural History of Gift Giving
315:
Christmas, and 10% borrowed money to be able to afford the gifts.
2595:
2590:
2495:
2459:
2384:
2353:
1400:
1239:
1179:
1045:
576:
The Journey of the Magi: Meanings in History of a Christian Story
270:, the first and last days of the Christmas season, respectively.
293:, often featuring Christmas gifts, abound in many shopping malls
2600:
2557:
2547:
2183:
2061:
1527:
1313:
1259:
1040:
900:
453:
173:
2399:
1085:
43:
910:
753:"How much should you spend on Christmas presents this year?"
258:
of many Christian Churches, a gift is given for each of the
2621:
2285:
1003:
119:
64:
681:"Christmas: How did gift-giving and caroling get started?"
30:"Christmas present" redirects here. For other uses, see
656:"Why Do Children Get Presents on Christmas Anyway?"
187:
Christmas advertising mentioning gifts from c. 1900
469:Bash, Anthony; Bash, Melanie (November 22, 2012).
2703:
617:Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas
542:Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas
441:
843:"The economic case against Christmas presents"
172:, the practice of gift-giving occurs early in
926:
496:
494:
442:Kubesh, Katie; McNeil, Niki; Bellotto, Kimm.
343:
871:"Poorly-Wrapped Gifts Get a Better Response"
613:
538:
462:
137:, gift giving might have occurred near the
933:
919:
818:"The truth about unwanted Christmas gifts"
491:
750:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
364:
111:Wise men give gifts to Jesus, woodcut by
71:. Christmas gifts are often exchanged on
649:
647:
468:
437:
435:
285:
277:
190:
182:
106:
42:
815:
572:
500:
446:. In the Hands of a Child. p. 16.
164:; together with another story, that of
14:
2704:
865:
863:
715:
519:
27:Gift given in celebration of Christmas
2263:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
914:
811:
809:
807:
711:
709:
644:
432:
254:lasting twelve days according to the
751:Silverman, Rosa (December 5, 2016).
427:The Christmas encyclopedia McFarland
860:
501:Berking, Helmuth (March 30, 1999).
24:
804:
706:
653:
337:
330:According to researchers from the
273:
239:. By the end of the 19th century,
25:
2733:
894:
573:Trexler, Richard (May 23, 1997).
505:. SAGE Publications. p. 14.
2684:
2683:
2139:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2034:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
899:
144:which was celebrated during the
835:
778:
744:
614:Collins, Ace (April 20, 2010).
539:Collins, Ace (April 20, 2010).
2119:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2048:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1431:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1210:Legend of the Christmas Spider
673:
607:
566:
545:. Zondervan. pp. 96–100.
473:. A&C Black. p. 132.
420:
344:William Waits (October 1994).
13:
1:
2070:Christmas television specials
1969:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1056:Annunciation to the shepherds
940:
718:Journal of Consumer Marketing
413:
113:Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld
47:Christmas gifts underneath a
2124:Christmas and holiday season
816:ING.com (December 1, 2016).
367:The American Economic Review
260:twelve days of Christmastide
7:
386:
325:
10:
2738:
1036:Adoration of the Shepherds
581:Princeton University Press
471:Inside the Christmas Story
296:
230:The Night Before Christmas
223:or in early January after
102:
29:
2679:
2614:
2583:
2530:
2504:
2483:
2362:
2307:
2294:
2280:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2092:
2041:A Visit from St. Nicholas
1987:
1962:The Oxford Book of Carols
1898:
1729:
1538:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1451:
1372:
1283:
1160:
1101:Massacre of the Innocents
1014:
950:
730:10.1108/07363760610681673
685:Christian Science Monitor
620:. Zondervan. p. 17.
89:presentation of the gifts
2082:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
444:The 12 Days of Christmas
67:given in celebration of
2244:Small Business Saturday
2114:Black Friday (shopping)
2109:Black Friday (partying)
1603:Nine Lessons and Carols
1533:Events and celebrations
1888:Post-War United States
429:p.143. & Co., 2005
393:Christmas gift-bringer
299:Economics of Christmas
294:
283:
210:Protestant Reformation
196:
188:
116:
52:
1937:Hit singles in the US
1932:Hit singles in the UK
1493:Carols by Candlelight
1421:Santa Claus' daughter
1029:Adoration of the Magi
908:at Wikimedia Commons
687:. December 21, 2013.
291:Christmas decorations
289:
281:
233:and the 1843 novella
194:
186:
110:
46:
2717:Christmas traditions
2229:Santa's Candy Castle
1553:Google Santa Tracker
332:University of Nevada
256:liturgical calendars
2722:Christmas economics
2234:Santa Claus Village
2149:Christmas Mountains
2055:Journey of the Magi
1061:Baptism of the Lord
792:. December 21, 2018
503:Sociology of Giving
202:Good King Wenceslas
170:Christian countries
2344:Twelve-dish supper
2194:Jews and Christmas
2144:Christmas Lectures
1873:American Civil War
1608:NORAD Tracks Santa
984:Saint Nicholas Day
398:Christmas Wrapping
295:
284:
221:Saint Nicholas Day
197:
189:
178:Saint Nicholas Day
117:
53:
2699:
2698:
2675:
2674:
2339:Thirteen desserts
2259:Virginia O'Hanlon
2104:Advent Conspiracy
2018:Films (Christmas,
2010:A Christmas Carol
1955:Carols for Choirs
1498:Cavalcade of Magi
1478:Boar's Head Feast
1147:Star of Bethlehem
1118:Nativity of Jesus
1106:flight into Egypt
991:St. Stephen's Day
904:Media related to
512:978-0-85702-613-2
357:978-0-8147-9284-1
236:A Christmas Carol
61:Christmas present
32:Christmas Present
18:Christmas present
16:(Redirected from
2729:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2522:Redcurrant sauce
2311:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2274:Winter festivals
2024:Christmas horror
1991:
1902:
1733:
1588:Meals and feasts
1508:Christmas jumper
1455:
1426:Santa's reindeer
1378:
1324:Father Christmas
1288:
1245:Santa's workshop
1166:
1128:in later culture
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
944:
935:
928:
921:
912:
911:
903:
888:
887:
885:
883:
867:
858:
857:
855:
853:
839:
833:
832:
830:
828:
813:
802:
801:
799:
797:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
748:
742:
741:
713:
704:
703:
701:
699:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
651:
642:
641:
636:
634:
611:
605:
604:
599:
597:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
536:
517:
516:
498:
489:
488:
466:
460:
459:
439:
430:
424:
382:
373:(5): 1328–1336.
361:
252:Christmas season
206:Saint Wenceslaus
160:giving gifts to
77:Christmas season
21:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2671:
2637:Pickled herring
2610:
2579:
2526:
2517:Cranberry sauce
2500:
2479:
2455:Red velvet cake
2440:Poppy seed roll
2358:
2309:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2269:White Christmas
2159:Christmas truce
2154:Christmas seals
2134:Christmas creep
2096:
2094:
2088:
1989:
1983:
1900:
1894:
1731:
1725:
1578:Lord of Misrule
1513:Christmas Peace
1463:Advent calendar
1453:
1447:
1396:Knecht Ruprecht
1376:
1374:
1368:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1081:Herod the Great
1016:
1010:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
946:
942:
939:
906:Christmas gifts
897:
892:
891:
881:
879:
869:
868:
861:
851:
849:
841:
840:
836:
826:
824:
814:
805:
795:
793:
784:
783:
779:
769:
767:
749:
745:
714:
707:
697:
695:
679:
678:
674:
664:
662:
652:
645:
632:
630:
628:
612:
608:
595:
593:
591:
571:
567:
557:
555:
553:
537:
520:
513:
499:
492:
481:
467:
463:
440:
433:
425:
421:
416:
403:St Nicholas Day
389:
358:
340:
338:Further reading
328:
301:
276:
274:Economic impact
245:Western culture
139:winter solstice
105:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2568:Smoking Bishop
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2249:Super Saturday
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Giving Tuesday
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Christmas club
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:Piae Cantiones
1972:
1965:
1958:
1948:
1942:Music charts (
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:Père Fouettard
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1377:Saint Nicholas
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1329:Grandpa Indian
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1297:Saint Nicholas
1293:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Old Man Winter
1232:
1227:
1222:
1220:Miner's figure
1217:
1212:
1207:
1205:Kallikantzaros
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1135:Nativity scene
1132:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
970:Children's Day
966:
959:
956:Blue Christmas
951:
948:
947:
938:
937:
930:
923:
915:
896:
895:External links
893:
890:
889:
859:
834:
803:
777:
743:
724:(5): 283–291.
705:
672:
654:Ringel, Paul.
643:
626:
606:
589:
583:. p. 17.
565:
551:
518:
511:
490:
479:
461:
431:
418:
417:
415:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
388:
385:
384:
383:
362:
356:
339:
336:
327:
324:
320:Joel Waldfogel
297:Main article:
275:
272:
225:New Year's Eve
166:Saint Nicholas
104:
101:
93:Three Wise Men
57:Christmas gift
49:Christmas tree
36:Christmas Gift
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2734:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:Meat and fish
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Hot chocolate
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Ugly sweaters
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:Controversies
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1999:In literature
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:United States
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Moravian star
1596:
1594:
1593:Midnight Mass
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:Candle arches
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Advent wreath
1471:
1469:
1468:Advent candle
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:Companions of
1371:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:Gift-bringers
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:Twelfth Night
1150:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1113:Nativity Fast
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Christmastide
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:Angel Gabriel
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:Biblical Magi
1022:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
986:
981:
979:
977:Christmas Eve
974:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
952:
949:
945:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
917:
916:
913:
909:
907:
902:
878:
877:
872:
866:
864:
848:
844:
838:
823:
819:
812:
810:
808:
791:
787:
781:
766:
762:
758:
757:The Telegraph
754:
747:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
712:
710:
694:
690:
686:
682:
676:
661:
657:
650:
648:
640:
629:
627:9780310873884
623:
619:
618:
610:
603:
592:
586:
582:
578:
577:
569:
554:
552:9780310873884
548:
544:
543:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
514:
508:
504:
497:
495:
487:
482:
480:9781441121585
476:
472:
465:
458:
455:
451:
445:
438:
436:
428:
423:
419:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
359:
353:
350:. NYU Press.
349:
348:
342:
341:
335:
333:
323:
321:
316:
312:
309:
305:
300:
292:
288:
280:
271:
269:
268:Twelfth Night
265:
264:Christmas Day
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
241:Christmas Eve
238:
237:
232:
231:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
193:
185:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:Biblical Magi
154:
149:
147:
143:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
114:
109:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:Twelfth Night
78:
74:
73:Christmas Eve
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2627:Gefilte fish
2575:Ponche crema
2410:Melomakarono
2278:
2169:Cyber Monday
2074:
2039:
2008:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1950:Music books
1943:
1781:Nazi Germany
1673:
1669:Secret Santa
1656:
1547:
1543:Flying Santa
1250:Tió de Nadal
1200:Korvatunturi
1051:Annunciation
1017:Christianity
998:Sol Invictus
898:
882:December 11,
880:. Retrieved
874:
850:. Retrieved
846:
837:
825:. Retrieved
821:
794:. Retrieved
789:
780:
768:. Retrieved
756:
746:
721:
717:
696:. Retrieved
684:
675:
663:. Retrieved
660:The Atlantic
659:
638:
631:. Retrieved
616:
609:
601:
594:. Retrieved
575:
568:
556:. Retrieved
541:
502:
484:
470:
464:
447:
443:
426:
422:
370:
366:
346:
329:
317:
313:
310:
306:
304:more goods.
302:
249:
234:
228:
218:
213:
198:
153:Christianity
150:
135:ancient Rome
132:
118:
97:infant Jesus
60:
56:
54:
40:
2642:Roast goose
2563:Mulled wine
2543:Champurrado
2538:Apple cider
2512:Bread sauce
2465:Szaloncukor
2445:Pumpkin pie
2395:Gingerbread
2349:Smörgåsbord
1990:Other media
1828:Philippines
1818:New Zealand
1701:Twelve Days
1658:Räuchermann
1613:Nutcrackers
1563:Las Posadas
1523:Decorations
1503:Christingle
1443:Zwarte Piet
1438:Snegurochka
1359:Sinterklaas
1309:Santa Claus
852:December 5,
827:December 1,
698:December 4,
665:December 4,
142:in December
120:Gift-giving
2706:Categories
2370:Candy cane
2319:Joulupöytä
2219:Pikkujoulu
1883:New Mexico
1732:By country
1706:Wassailing
1647:Poinsettia
1454:Traditions
1406:Mrs. Claus
1386:Belsnickel
1339:Julemanden
1334:Joulupukki
1265:Wenceslaus
1230:North Pole
1195:Jack Frost
1185:Christkind
1140:Neapolitan
963:Boxing Day
590:0691011265
414:References
408:Boxing Day
318:Economist
162:baby Jesus
146:Saturnalia
2657:Tourtière
2647:Romeritos
2584:Dumplings
2531:Beverages
2435:Pecan pie
2425:Panettone
2420:Pampushka
2415:Mince pie
2390:Fruitcake
2334:Réveillon
2214:NFL games
2209:NBA games
2204:In August
2174:Economics
1944:Billboard
1798:Indonesia
1741:Australia
1716:Yule goat
1691:Stockings
1625:Ornaments
1354:Père Noël
1349:Olentzero
1344:Noel Baba
1319:Ded Moroz
1275:Yule Lads
1215:Mari Lwyd
1066:Bethlehem
943:Christmas
765:0307-1235
738:0736-3761
693:0882-7729
633:April 10,
596:April 10,
558:April 10,
486:presents.
250:With the
148:holiday.
128:Christmas
126:feast of
124:Christian
85:January 5
69:Christmas
2690:Category
2661:meat pie
2652:Stuffing
2606:Varenyky
2475:Yule log
2450:Qurabiya
2324:Julebord
2297:Food and
2224:SantaCon
2189:El Gordo
2076:Yule Log
1848:Scotland
1761:Ethiopia
1746:Colombia
1721:Yule log
1675:Spanbaum
1652:Pyramids
1518:Crackers
1416:Sack Man
1302:folklore
1270:Yule cat
1175:Badalisc
1165:folklore
1076:Epiphany
796:March 3,
790:ABC News
770:March 3,
450:Epiphany
387:See also
326:Wrapping
2596:Pierogi
2591:Hallaca
2496:Borscht
2460:Stollen
2430:Pavlova
2405:Makówki
2385:Cozonac
2354:Wigilia
2239:Scrooge
2199:In July
2097:society
2029:Poetry
1863:Ukraine
1838:Romania
1803:Ireland
1793:Iceland
1788:Hungary
1776:Germany
1766:Finland
1756:England
1751:Denmark
1711:Windows
1642:Piñatas
1630:Parades
1583:Markets
1568:Letters
1558:Hampers
1401:Krampus
1240:Perchta
1180:Caganer
822:ING.com
379:2117564
214:wassail
103:History
95:to the
91:by the
2712:Giving
2667:Turkey
2601:Tamale
2558:Kissel
2548:Eggnog
2505:Sauces
2491:Menudo
2470:Turrón
2380:Cookie
2363:Sweets
2329:Kūčios
2310:Dinner
2184:Grinch
2095:modern
2062:Tomten
2021:Santa,
2004:novels
1922:Operas
1910:Carols
1878:Hawaii
1858:Sweden
1853:Serbia
1843:Russia
1833:Poland
1823:Norway
1813:Mexico
1771:France
1686:Stamps
1681:Szopka
1573:Lights
1528:Didukh
1364:Others
1314:Befana
1260:Vertep
1123:in art
1091:Joseph
1041:Advent
763:
736:
691:
624:
587:
549:
509:
477:
454:wreath
377:
354:
174:Advent
115:, 1860
2400:Kutia
2299:drink
1927:Songs
1901:Music
1808:Italy
1664:Seals
1618:dolls
1548:Gifts
1488:Cards
1391:Elves
1255:Turoń
1225:Nisse
1190:Grýla
1086:Jesus
876:Stuff
375:JSTOR
176:, on
63:is a
2622:Carp
2484:Soup
2375:Cake
2286:Xmas
1915:list
1696:Tree
1635:list
1096:Mary
1005:Yule
884:2019
854:2017
829:2017
798:2019
772:2019
761:ISSN
734:ISSN
700:2017
689:ISSN
667:2017
635:2012
622:ISBN
598:2012
585:ISBN
560:2012
547:ISBN
507:ISBN
475:ISBN
352:ISBN
65:gift
34:and
2632:Ham
1162:In
847:Vox
726:doi
266:or
151:As
133:In
59:or
2708::
2265:")
2261:("
2093:In
1015:In
873:.
862:^
845:.
820:.
806:^
788:.
759:.
755:.
732:.
722:23
720:.
708:^
683:.
658:.
646:^
637:.
600:.
579:.
521:^
493:^
483:.
434:^
371:83
369:.
247:.
180:.
130:.
99:.
79:,
55:A
2663:)
2659:(
2064:"
2060:"
2057:"
2053:"
2050:"
2046:"
2036:"
2032:"
2026:)
1946:)
934:e
927:t
920:v
886:.
856:.
831:.
800:.
774:.
740:.
728::
702:.
669:.
562:.
515:.
381:.
360:.
83:(
51:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.