34:
167:
416:
222:
1003:
1432:
355:
placed sandbags around the hospital to prevent floodwaters from coming in. Eventually, the flooding coupled with a loss of power led to the decision to evacuate patients to Salem
General Hospital on Center Street. 121 patients were evacuated from Salem Memorial by hospital staff, doctors, ambulance
191:, where the average normal December rainfall is 12 inches (300 mm), there was over 38 inches (970 mm) of rain. As rivers and streams overflowed and the soil became saturated, mudslides occurred, roads closed, and reservoirs overflowed. Many towns were isolated. By the end of the flood,
153:
was quoted as saying that a flood of similar proportions could "happen only once in 1,000 years," and it was often referred to later as the
Thousand Year Flood. The flood killed 19 people, heavily damaged or completely devastated at least 10 towns, destroyed all or portions of more than 20 major
203:
Heavy warm rain and melting snow caused more flooding in late
January 1965, after the waters had begun to recede from the December flood. More mudslides occurred in places that had withstood the December flooding, and there were more deaths. Many streams in the northern
178:
brought persistent, heavy, warm rain. The temperature increased by 30 to 40 °F (17 to 22 °C). This melted the snow, but left the soil frozen and impermeable. Some places received the equivalent of a year's rain in just a few days.
610:
Over 22 inches (550 mm) of rain fell on the Eel River basin in a span of two days. By
December 23, 752,000 cubic feet per second (21,300 m/s) of water rushed down the Eel River at Scotia (still upstream from the confluence of the
154:
highway and county bridges, carried away millions of board feet of lumber and logs from mill sites, devastated thousands of acres of agricultural land, killed 4,000 head of livestock, and caused $ 100 million in damage in
519:
Many communities of Del Norte and
Humboldt counties suffered extensive power outages and were left isolated or cut off from the rest of the state for a period, including the region's larger populated areas around
495:
rivers, as well as other rivers and large streams, all went well beyond flood stage and peaked nearly simultaneously around
December 21 and 22, breaking previous records (notably those set in the "hundred year"
427:
Starting on
December 21, intense downpours across Northern California caused numerous streams to flood, many to record-breaking levels. California Governor Brown declared 34 counties in the region
142:
In Oregon, 17 or 18 people died as a result of the disaster, and it caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage. The flooding on the
Willamette covered 152,789 acres (61,831.5 ha). The
679:
Between
December 20 and December 26, 10,390,000 acre-feet (12.82 km) of water flowed into the Pacific Ocean from the combined rivers and streams on the North Coast (of California).
233:
The
Christmas flood of 1964 was "the most severe rainstorm to ever occur over central Oregon, and among the most severe over western Oregon since the late 1870s", according to the
953:
672:, which stored 372,200 acre-feet (459,100,000 m) of runoff from the storm. Nonetheless, 231,000 cubic feet per second (6,540 m/s) of water rushed down the river at
512:, and another ten county bridges were destroyed in Humboldt County. The flood destroyed 37 miles (60 km) of track with multiple stream and river crossings of the
1667:
1607:
565:
384:
1162:
1647:
668:, also flooded and wrought destruction along its length. The Trinity, however, did not break the 1955 flood's records because of the newly constructed
1652:
324:, closing it for a year. At 12 feet (3.7 m) above flood stage, the flooding of the Willamette River at Portland in 1964 was second only to the
174:
An atypical cold spell began in Oregon on December 13, 1964, that froze the soil, and it was followed by unusually heavy snow. Subsequently, an
1466:
846:
1209:
1602:
505:
984:
532:, despite the fact that those cities were located on higher ground and not in the path of raging rivers. Riverside communities like
1124:
1419:
549:
364:
1506:
716:
615:), 200,000 cubic feet per second (5,660 m/s) more than the 1955 flood, and more than the average discharge of the entire
970:
928:
561:
183:
received 13 inches (330 mm) of rain in December, almost double its average December rainfall of 7 inches (200 mm).
1617:
623:
alone, causing severe damage along its entire length. Every stream gauge on the Eel River was destroyed except the one at
1166:
712:
1459:
348:
1627:
642:, easily surpassing the 1955 flood's previous record of 165,000 cubic feet per second (4,670 m/s). The town of
1546:
731:, sending even more water downstream. In total, 375,000 acres (152,000 ha) of the Central Valley was flooded.
568:
were completely destroyed by flood waters; some of them were never rebuilt and none regained their former status.
1642:
1566:
781:
375:
was out of service for eighteen days as crews repaired damage from landslides near the 4,885-foot (1,489 m)
1516:
631:
was 46 feet (14 m). Signs were later placed on top of tall poles to mark the unusual height of the water.
248:
that destroyed 15 houses. Other deaths occurred from drowning and electrocution, and one man died when the new
1622:
1452:
1170:
962:
513:
1128:
653:
The Klamath River reached flows of 557,000 cubic feet per second (15,800 m/s), submerging the town of
635:
501:
497:
440:
432:
20:
1657:
1632:
688:
444:
436:
155:
1044:
752:
724:
661:
484:
448:
360:. The hospital was able to reopen five days later after extensive work to repair the flooding damage.
1672:
1612:
1597:
1511:
647:
596:
488:
452:
352:
325:
853:
1491:
1486:
1066:
569:
476:
234:
192:
143:
1413:
391:
and undermined the SP viaduct footings. Landslides covered 700 feet (210 m) of SP track near
351:
flooded the hospital's basement. Hospital staff, parks department employees, and inmates from the
1662:
1637:
1571:
1541:
1536:
423:
during the flood. The six red counties sustained more damage than the other 28 counties combined.
146:
rated the flood as the fifth most destructive weather event in Oregon in the 20th century.
1556:
1551:
1521:
604:
581:
557:
541:
492:
472:
456:
396:
395:, and swept away 130 feet (40 m) of the Noisy Creek bridge 20 miles (32 km) north of
376:
344:
255:
115:, it was the worst flood in recorded history on nearly every major stream and river in coastal
1438:
1036:
740:
696:
357:
1475:
1386:
1361:
1336:
1298:
1040:
744:
638:
near the Oregon border, reached flows of 228,000 cubic feet per second (6,460 m/s) at
620:
573:
329:
245:
33:
619:
basin. Just under 200,000 cubic feet per second (5,660 m/s) of water flowed down the
8:
1561:
1496:
776:
654:
643:
639:
628:
624:
553:
537:
533:
308:
was unrecognizable as a waterfall, and the city was flooded by several feet of water. In
301:
271:
241:
116:
1019:
166:
1592:
1531:
920:
756:
577:
529:
525:
290:
205:
128:
87:
1002:
1132:
976:
966:
934:
924:
828:
748:
673:
616:
545:
294:
282:
175:
101:
221:
400:
392:
368:
321:
309:
305:
286:
267:
259:
120:
39:
1184:
1020:"Oregon's Top 10 Weather Events of 1900s: Floods of December 1964 to January 1965"
415:
1501:
692:
612:
388:
380:
263:
184:
108:
between December 18, 1964, and January 7, 1965, spanning the Christmas holiday.
1048:
708:
509:
455:
counties sustained more damage than the other 28 counties combined. Twenty-six
404:
317:
180:
112:
1586:
760:
720:
700:
480:
428:
420:
372:
320:
consisting of around 1,000 logs. The impact of the raft severely damaged the
1131:(Report). Sacramento, California: California Department of Water Resources.
980:
938:
1426:
1275:
1136:
832:
764:
521:
460:
340:
313:
278:
249:
226:
955:
Willamette River Basin Planning Atlas – Flood Inundations/FEMA Floodplains
1314:
728:
669:
646:
received 26.6 inches (676 mm) of rain over an eight-day period, and
592:
188:
43:
1123:
699:
were evacuated. Many streams reached record flood stages, including the
1444:
704:
588:
195:
was above flood stage, and more than 30 major bridges were impassable.
105:
79:
665:
150:
1296:
825:
Wild Water: The Story of the Far West's Great Christmas Week Floods
600:
584:
403:
washed out 300 feet (91 m) of SP track between Portland and
333:
516:
through the Eel River canyon, the region's only major railroad.
289:, a massive logjam contributed to severe flooding. The ports at
332:. At its peak, the water was at the top of Downtown Portland's
136:
124:
83:
1439:
Images of the 1964 Eel River Flood near Van Arsdale Reservoir
132:
1022:. Portland, Oregon: National Weather Service Forecast Office
952:
Gregory, Stan; Ashkenas, L.; Jett, S.; Wildman, R. (2002).
951:
187:
recorded an extra 18 inches (460 mm) of rain, and at
170:
The freeze of December 1964 that occurred before the flood
607:
only nine months earlier, also suffered from the floods.
627:
where the bridge survived the flood. The flood crest at
1210:"Christmas Flood Evacuation of Salem Memorial Hospital"
915:
Dresbeck, Rachel (2006). "The Willamette River Flood".
852:. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from
1435:
from the University of Oregon Library digital archives
917:
Oregon Disasters: True Stories of Tragedy and Survival
285:
was flooded with 8 feet (2.4 m) of water, and in
244:, and one man died in a mud and debris avalanche near
1337:"11532500 Smith River Near Crescent City, California"
1255:
Nervo, Edward H. (1965). "The Northwestern Pacific".
1072:. United States Geological Survey. pp. 11-1–11-2
419:Map of California showing the 34 counties declared
739:In southwest Washington, rising rivers threatened
1362:"11530500 Klamath River Near Klamath, California"
1584:
208:reached higher flows than they had in December.
1317:. California Department of Parks and Recreation
343:) had to be evacuated after waters from nearby
1460:
1387:"11530000 Trinity River At Hoopa, California"
1297:California. Dept. of Water Resources (1965).
1049:Tillamook Burn of 1933, 1939, 1945, and 1951
682:
240:Some of the worst mudslides occurred in the
1668:1965 natural disasters in the United States
1608:1964 natural disasters in the United States
1267:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
270:, and Wilsonville Road between Newberg and
1467:
1453:
1441:from the Potter Valley Irrigation District
1067:"11477000 Eel River at Scotia, California"
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
316:was underwater and had also been hit by a
274:were closed, trapping hundreds of people.
32:
1648:December 1964 events in the United States
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
827:. Portland, Oregon: Overland West Press.
1653:January 1965 events in the United States
1474:
1273:
1125:California Department of Water Resources
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
914:
818:
816:
595:) of logs and lumber washed downstream.
414:
220:
211:
165:
100:was a major flood in the United States'
1392:. United States Geological Survey. 2005
1379:
1367:. United States Geological Survey. 2005
1354:
1342:. United States Geological Survey. 2005
1315:"The Eel River Floods of 1955 and 1964"
1303:. University of California Libraries. .
871:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
506:California's 1st congressional district
1585:
1507:Crescenta Valley flood (1933 and 1934)
1250:
1248:
1207:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1014:
1012:
383:highway was blocked for several days.
127:. It also affected parts of southwest
1448:
1433:Images of the 1964 flood in Corvallis
1329:
1307:
1276:"Largest Rivers in the United States"
1254:
1233:"Record Floods Ravage the Railroad".
1208:Center, Heritage (14 December 2015).
1084:
822:
657:under 15 feet (4.6 m) of water.
38:An aerial view of the flood, showing
1129:Flood! December 1964 to January 1965
793:
387:washed out 25 miles (40 km) of
1522:Tsunami from 1964 Alaska earthquake
1414:History of the Christmas week flood
1245:
1241:(302). Francis A. Guido: 2–9. 1965.
1226:
1167:Oregon Department of Transportation
1150:
1054:
1009:
961:(2nd ed.). Corvallis, Oregon:
945:
719:. The flood caused the uncompleted
650:received 9.2 inches (230 mm).
119:and one of the worst to affect the
13:
1185:"125 Years of Care | Salem Health"
14:
1684:
1603:1960s floods in the United States
1407:
1300:Flood! December 1964-January 1965
1278:. United States Geological Survey
1547:Los Angeles County flood of 2005
1001:
759:for over a week. In Nevada, the
580:were significantly damaged. The
16:Major flood in the United States
1502:St. Francis Dam Disaster (1928)
1290:
1201:
782:Willamette Valley Flood of 1996
664:, one of the Klamath's largest
587:at Scotia lost 40 million
198:
1517:1939 California tropical storm
1177:
839:
695:was flooded, and residents of
466:
1:
963:Oregon State University Press
787:
514:Northwestern Pacific Railroad
410:
339:Salem Memorial Hospital (now
1274:Kammerer, J. C. (May 1990).
1263:(301). Francis A. Guido: 11.
847:"Lower Columbia River Basin"
755:and all railways at flooded
734:
634:The Smith River, located in
599:, still recovering from the
21:Christmas Week flood of 1955
7:
1618:Natural disasters in Oregon
1567:2022–2023 California floods
770:
258:was severely affected. The
156:Humboldt County, California
64:– January 7, 1965
56:December 18, 1964
10:
1689:
1562:Oroville Dam crisis (2017)
1214:Willamette Heritage Center
1045:Columbus Day Storm of 1962
504:bridges were destroyed in
161:
18:
1532:Hurricane Kathleen (1976)
1512:Los Angeles flood of 1938
1482:
1416:from Salem Public Library
919:. Guilford, Connecticut:
683:Central Valley and beyond
353:Oregon State Penitentiary
216:
75:
50:
31:
1628:Pacific Northwest storms
1492:1858 San Diego hurricane
1487:California flood of 1605
1035:: Surpassed only by the
500:in most cases). Sixteen
312:, the lower deck of the
235:National Weather Service
144:National Weather Service
19:Not to be confused with
1572:Hurricane Hilary (2023)
1542:1997 Merced River flood
1537:Hurricane Doreen (1977)
1527:Christmas flood of 1964
367:(SP) rail line between
98:Christmas flood of 1964
27:Christmas flood of 1964
1643:Eel River (California)
1557:2017 California floods
1552:Hurricane Marie (2014)
1257:The Western Railroader
1235:The Western Railroader
1163:"1964 Christmas Flood"
605:1964 Alaska earthquake
582:Pacific Lumber Company
457:U.S. Geological Survey
424:
230:
171:
1041:Vanport Flood of 1948
1037:Heppner Flood of 1903
823:Lucia, Ellis (1965).
418:
224:
212:Effects and aftermath
193:every river in Oregon
169:
104:and some of Northern
1623:Floods in California
1476:Floods in California
621:South Fork Eel River
237:office in Portland.
149:California Governor
1497:Great Flood of 1862
1173:on January 2, 2012.
990:on December 9, 2017
777:Great Flood of 1862
379:; and the parallel
242:Mount Hood Corridor
117:Northern California
28:
1658:1965 in California
1633:1964 in California
923:. pp. 89–96.
687:In the California
508:, most of them on
425:
231:
206:San Joaquin Valley
172:
26:
1580:
1579:
972:978-0-87071-542-6
930:978-0-7627-3993-6
617:Mississippi River
176:atmospheric river
102:Pacific Northwest
94:
93:
1680:
1673:1965 meteorology
1613:Willamette River
1598:1964 meteorology
1469:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1376:
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1358:
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1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1169:. Archived from
1159:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1127:(January 1965).
1121:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1052:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1005:
999:
997:
995:
989:
983:. Archived from
960:
949:
943:
942:
912:
869:
868:
866:
864:
859:on June 16, 2011
858:
851:
843:
837:
836:
820:
713:Cottonwood Creek
636:Del Norte County
463:were destroyed.
401:Willamette River
365:Southern Pacific
322:Hawthorne Bridge
306:Willamette Falls
297:were destroyed.
229:during the flood
121:Willamette River
71:
69:
63:
61:
40:Willamette Falls
36:
29:
25:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1682:
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1343:
1339:
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1320:
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1313:
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1308:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1253:
1246:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1122:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1000:
993:
991:
987:
973:
958:
950:
946:
931:
921:Insiders' Guide
913:
872:
862:
860:
856:
849:
845:
844:
840:
821:
794:
790:
773:
737:
693:Yosemite Valley
685:
613:Van Duzen River
603:created by the
469:
413:
389:Oregon Route 58
381:Willamette Pass
356:crews, and the
328:that wiped out
262:bridge between
250:John Day bridge
219:
214:
201:
164:
67:
65:
59:
57:
55:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:1965 in Oregon
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:1964 in Oregon
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1620:
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1408:External links
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1306:
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1200:
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965:. p. 28.
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779:
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736:
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709:American River
689:Central Valley
684:
681:
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429:disaster areas
421:disaster areas
412:
409:
377:Cascade Summit
358:National Guard
256:Yamhill County
218:
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113:100-year flood
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1421:The '64 flood
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1427:Mail Tribune
1425:
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1394:. Retrieved
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1331:
1321:December 14,
1319:. Retrieved
1309:
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1269:
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1032:
1026:December 31,
1024:. Retrieved
992:. Retrieved
985:the original
954:
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863:December 31,
861:. Retrieved
854:the original
841:
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753:Interstate 5
738:
686:
678:
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652:
633:
609:
570:Metropolitan
522:Humboldt Bay
518:
470:
431:. Together,
426:
362:
341:Salem Health
338:
330:Vanport City
314:Steel Bridge
299:
279:Oregon Coast
276:
254:
246:Rhododendron
239:
232:
227:Steel Bridge
202:
199:Late January
173:
148:
141:
110:
97:
95:
1424:story from
1189:SalemHealth
763:threatened
751:and closed
717:Butte Creek
670:Trinity Dam
666:tributaries
510:Highway 101
467:North Coast
302:Oregon City
281:, downtown
272:Wilsonville
260:Highway 219
252:collapsed.
189:Crater Lake
44:Oregon City
1587:Categories
1219:2023-01-20
1194:2023-01-20
1047:, and the
788:References
705:Yuba River
625:Fernbridge
589:board feet
558:Pepperwood
550:South Fork
542:Myers Flat
524:, such as
411:California
385:Salt Creek
349:Mill Creek
326:1948 flood
291:Gold Beach
129:Washington
106:California
88:Washington
80:California
68:1965-01-07
60:1964-12-18
1593:Christmas
994:April 27,
741:Centralia
735:Elsewhere
697:Yuba City
441:Mendocino
433:Del Norte
295:Brookings
283:Reedsport
158:, alone.
151:Pat Brown
1396:July 27,
1371:July 27,
1346:July 27,
1282:July 18,
1142:July 26,
1076:July 18,
981:50591046
939:69680034
771:See also
745:Longview
574:Rio Dell
562:Stafford
445:Siskiyou
437:Humboldt
393:Oakridge
369:Portland
318:log raft
310:Portland
287:Coos Bay
268:St. Paul
76:Location
1137:8135568
833:2475714
723:on the
655:Klamath
644:Gasquet
640:Hiouchi
629:Miranda
601:tsunami
585:sawmill
554:Shively
538:Orleans
534:Klamath
485:Trinity
481:Klamath
459:(USGS)
449:Trinity
334:seawall
277:On the
264:Newberg
185:Detroit
162:History
66: (
58: (
54:20 days
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1043:, the
1039:, the
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757:Kalama
715:, and
691:, the
578:Scotia
576:, and
566:Ti-Bar
564:, and
530:Arcata
526:Eureka
491:, and
489:Salmon
453:Sonoma
451:, and
405:Albany
399:. The
217:Oregon
181:Albany
137:Nevada
135:, and
125:Oregon
90:states
86:, and
84:Oregon
1390:(PDF)
1365:(PDF)
1340:(PDF)
1070:(PDF)
988:(PDF)
959:(PDF)
857:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
749:Kelso
674:Hoopa
546:Weott
477:Smith
133:Idaho
1398:2011
1373:2011
1348:2011
1323:2011
1284:2011
1144:2011
1133:OCLC
1078:2011
1033:Note
1028:2010
996:2018
977:OCLC
967:ISBN
935:OCLC
925:ISBN
865:2010
829:OCLC
765:Reno
743:and
729:fail
660:The
528:and
471:The
371:and
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347:and
293:and
266:and
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473:Eel
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