San Joaquin Valley

408: 1282:, the politically conservative climate of the Valley generally prefers traditional suburban sprawl type of growth such as low density housing and strip malls anchored by so-called big box stores and opposes measures such as "Smart Growth", "Transit Oriented Development", "High Density Housing", and increased public transit such as light and commuter rail. By August 2014, a three-year drought was prompting changes to the agriculture industry in the valley. Farmers began using complex irrigation systems and using treated waste water to feed crops, while many were switching from farming cotton to other commodities, chief among them, almonds. 1595:

Lake in the mountains through Clovis and many smaller communities. This route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System. State Route 180 is a state highway which runs through the heart of the San Joaquin Valley from Mendota through Fresno to Kings Canyon National Park. A short piece near the eastern end, through the Grant Grove section of Kings Canyon National Park, is not state-maintained. The part east of unbuilt State Route 65 near Minkler is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System; the road east of Dunlap is the Kings Canyon Scenic Byway, a Forest Service Byway.

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contamination in the groundwater systems of California. Roughly around 1960, cattle were openly grazing pastures, and because of the large amount of lands which they roamed manure was not intensively managed. However, even though manure was not closely managed, "Nitrogen excretion and deposition in pastures likely did not exceed pasture buffering capacity and had no significant leaching to groundwater". Since the transition to dry-lot and free stall-based dairy farming in the mid-1970s, coupled with irrigated forage crops, dairy herds have contributed to nitrogen contamination.

1523: 1807: 1291: 1299: 60: 1647: 491: 48: 251: 6199: 2542: 1967: 818: 1686: 1062:. Filipinos have a strong history in Stockton. Filipino organizations in Stockton are reflected in various commercial buildings identified as Filipino. Filipinos fought for the U.S. against Japan in WWII, in exchange for favorable immigration status. Stockton has been an adjunct to the San Francisco Bay Area, which was a major military production and transit area during WWII. Filipino emigration to Stockton followed. 1947:

UC Davis, “more than 80 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year may leach into groundwater beneath irrigated lands, usually as nitrates”. Between the 1950s and 1980s, when nitrogen fertilizer use grew sixfold, nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased 2.5 times. Fertilizer runoffs contributes roughly 90% of all nitrate inputs to the alluvial groundwater system. Within agriculture, the two major factors are

1544:(SR 99) each run nearly the entire length of the San Joaquin Valley. I-5 runs in the western part of the valley, bypassing the major population centers (including Fresno, currently the largest U.S. city without an Interstate highway), while SR 99 runs through them. Both highways then merge at the southern end of valley en route to Los Angeles. When the 1155:.) When the onset of the Great Depression created a national banking crisis, family farmers—usually heavily in debt—often had their mortgages foreclosed by banks desperate to shore up their balance sheets. In response, many farmers loaded their families and portable possessions into their automobiles and drove west. 1963:'s "The Human Costs of Nitrate-contaminated Drinking Water in the San Joaquin Valley" indicates the water systems that were contaminated with nitrates over the legal limit, the percentage of the population affected that are non-white and that are below or near poverty-level, and the year since the violations began. 1504:, and other various large shipping firms have built huge distribution centers both in the southern end of the valley and northern part of the valley because of quick access to major interstates and low local wages. Further integration with the rest of the state is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. 1077:, Professor William Payne, William Peck, a minister, John W. Palmer, a miner, and Harry A. Mitchell, a real estate agent, dedicated to improving the economic and social status of African Americans. Uncontrollable circumstances, including a drop in the area's water table, resulted in the town's demise. 1980:

is a sub-basin of the San Joaquin Valley groundwater basin found within Stanislaus County and Merced County in the Central Valley. In California's Groundwater Bulletin 118, a chart, linked below, illustrates the number of non-compliant public supply wells with nitrates over the MCL. According to this

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San Joaquin Valley is a major agricultural center of California. The agricultural demand for water far outstrips the urban and industrial demand. Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigated agriculture is common, and according to Thomas Harter, the chair for Water Resources Management and Policy at

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The large dairy herds create manure, which is used to create the fertilizers that is applied to the crop fields. As demand for crops increases, farmers look to lower the costs of production. Using manure-based fertilizers is cost effective since manure is a by-product of large dairy farms and herds.

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The San Joaquin Valley has—by California standards—an unusually large number of European, Middle Eastern, and Asian ethnicities in the heritage of its citizens. These communities are often quite large and, relative to Americans immigration patterns, quite eclectic: for example, there are

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Before the rapid rise in demand for meat products and dairy, roaming dairy herds had contributed an insignificant amount of nitrate pollution to the underlying groundwater systems. However, within the past few decades, the increasing amount of cattle has been one of the main contributors of nitrate

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Within the past century, farmers have been increasing their production to meet high demand. To increase output and efficiency, farmers have increased the amount of fertilizers used, including nitrates. Because only a fraction of the nitrogen in fertilizers is efficiently used to help produce crops,

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and Barstow has been upgraded to a freeway. This would provide an Interstate connection for Bakersfield, currently the second-largest U.S. city without an Interstate. The most recent additions to this system are State Routes 168 and 180. Route 168 begins in Fresno on Route 180 linking to Huntington

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The oil and gas fields in Kern County are receiving increased attention since the July 2009 announcement by Occidental Petroleum of significant discovery of oil and gas reserves Even prior to this discovery the region retains more oil reserves than any other part of California. Of California fields

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is the third most spoken language in the San Joaquin Valley region, after English and Spanish, and the first Sikh Gurdwara was founded in Stockton in 1915. Following abolition of immigration restrictions from Asia in the 1960s and 1970s, large numbers of Pakistanis and Indians from Punjab, Gujarat,

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are of concern because it interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen, and can have severe health effects on pregnant women, infants under 6 months, and children using tap water for their formula. Because nitrates interfere with blood's capacity to carry oxygen, infants are at high risk of

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at 1,027 patients per a physician, the San Joaquin Valley average at approximately 671 patients per a physician and the California average of 400 patients per a physician. Another measure of access is licensed acute care hospital beds per thousand population, where the Kings County average of 1.1

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Insufficient access to medicine in the United States, in particular prenatal and preventive care, is typified by both rural and inner city communities. Early and adequate access to prenatal care is important to maternal and child health and is another comparative indicator of community health.

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The total population of the eight counties comprising the San Joaquin Valley at the time of the 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau reported a population of 4,080,509. The racial composition of San Joaquin Valley was 1,428,978 (35.0%) Non-Hispanic

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The San Joaquin Valley began to form about 66 million years ago during the early Paleocene era. Broad fluctuations in the sea level caused various areas of the valley to be flooded with ocean water for the next 60 million years. About 5 million years ago, the marine outlets began to close due to

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Nitrates have found their way into the aquifers around the San Joaquin Valley, affecting over 250,000 people in communities that are poor and rural. In 2006, the State Water Resources Board took samples from domestic wells in Tulare County; they found that 40% of 181 domestic wells had nitrate

1208: 1468:), Manteca, and Los Banos are increasingly dominated by commuters to San Francisco and Silicon Valley, and the small farming towns to the south are finding themselves in the Bay Area's orbit as well. Bakersfield, traditionally a boom-bust oil town once described by urban scholar 1039:. Hmongs, Laotians, and Cambodians are the largest communities of Southeast Asians in the San Joaquin Valley, and the valley has some of the largest populations of these groups in the nation. Fresno has the second-largest Hmong population of any American metropolitan area after 2019:

The alternative to manure, which contains a high level of nitrates, is composting. Composting however is relatively expensive compared to using manure as fertilizer, since it is not as effective and is more timely/costly to make because of the large amount of aeration needed.

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Cattle and sheep ranching are also vitally important to the valley's economy. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the Miller & Lux corporation built an agricultural monopoly centered around cattle. The corporation can be characterized as a precursor to

1243:, and vegetables. Walnuts, oranges, peaches, garlic, tangerines, tomatoes, kiwis, hay, alfalfa and numerous other crops have been harvested with great success. Certain places are identified quite strongly with a given crop: Stockton produces the majority of the domestic 842:, all but a minor percentage of the farmworkers in the region have been of Mexican ancestry. Ethnic and economic friction between Mexican-Americans and the valley's predominantly white farming elite manifested itself most notably during the 1960s and 1970s, when the 1959:

levels above the 10 mg/L legal limit. Though locals have typically used filters for their water, the filters need to be installed correctly and replaced frequently, which may not be economically feasible for the residents in Orosi. Table 2 on page 20 from

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after taking the fluctuation of median home values, five of the top twenty "most miserable cities" were located in the San Joaquin Valley. Aside from the collapse of median home values, persistent crime, unemployment and poverty were common factors between

735:. The median income for a household in the valley was $ 46,713. The poverty rate for individuals below the poverty level is 23.7%. In 2005 U.S. congressional researchers compared the economically distressed Valley to the traditionally impoverished 793:

beds per a thousand and the San Joaquin Valley average of 1.8 beds per a thousand were again less than the state average of 2.1 bed per a thousand. Consequently, the age adjusted death rate is significantly higher than the rest of California.

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The San Joaquin Valley is bounded on the east by the Sierra Nevada, on the south by the Tehachapi Cross Range, on the west by the Coast Range; in the north it merges into the Sacramento Valley in the region of the Mokelumne and Cosumnes

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The San Joaquin Valley of the State of California: A Brief Description of the Topography, Climatic Conditions, Industrial Development and Resources of the Region : Illustrated by Photographs of Typical Scenes and Containing

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occurred with no or late prenatal care and the San Joaquin Valley average was 19.5% of births with no or late prenatal care. By comparison, the California average was 13.6% of births and the national average was 10% of births

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White, 2,048,280 (50.2%) Hispanic or Latino, 310,557 (7.6%) Asian, 193,694 (4.7%) Black or African American, 40,911 (1.0%) American Indian and Alaska Native, and 13,000 (0.32%) Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander.

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sank 13 inches (0.33 m) in 8 months. The sinking has destroyed thousands of groundwater well casings and has the potential to damage aqueducts, roads, bridges, and flood-control structures. In the long term, the

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levels are reaching record lows—up to 100 feet lower than previous records." Research from NASA shows that parts of the San Joaquin Valley sank as much as 8 inches (0.20 m) in a four-month period, and land near

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The California real estate boom that began in the late 1990s has significantly changed the San Joaquin Valley. Once distinctly and fiercely independent of Los Angeles and San Francisco, the area has seen increasing

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The San Joaquin Valley has a large and exceptionally diverse Asian American population; primarily from the regions of Punjab in India and Pakistan, the Philippines, and Southeast Asia, especially Laos and Cambodia.

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Barbaree, Blake A.; Reiter, Matthew E.; Hickey, Catherine M.; Strum, Khara M.; Isola, Jennifer E.; Jennings, Scott; Tarjan, L. Max; Strong, Cheryl M.; Stenzel, Lynne E.; Shuford, W. David (October 21, 2020).

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to come to the area to grow grapes...said Mark Zaninovich ..., but it is also fair to mention the Carics, Jakoviches, Radoviches, Bozaniches, Buskas, Sousas, Kovacaviches, Bidarts, Sandrinis, and Paviches.

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of crop land allows for the valley to benefit from the income of crop sales. About sixty percent of California's crops come from the land in this area. However, the unhealthy air levels that arise from

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uplift of the coastal ranges and the deposition of sediment in the valley. Starting 2 million years ago, a series of glacial episodes periodically caused much of the valley to become a fresh water lake.

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The region of the San Joaquin Valley has some of the richest soil that allows for the production of many crops. Crops in this region include: grapes, oranges, cotton, vegetables and nuts. The

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could irreversibly reduce the underground aquifer's water storage capacity, although immediate and short term needs are given higher priority and sense of urgency than long term sustainability.

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Eight counties comprise the San Joaquin Valley, including all of Kings County, most of Fresno, Kern, Merced, and Stanislaus counties, and portions of Madera, San Luis Obispo, Tulare counties

526:. In the late 19th and in the 20th century, agricultural diversion of the Kern River eventually dried out these lakes. Today, only a fragment of Buena Vista Lake remains as two small lakes 1955:

Because these communities are cut off from larger water distribution, they are dependent on wells, making groundwater a source of drinking water for 90% of San Joaquin Valley's residents.

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development as the cost of living forces young families and small businesses further and further away from the coastal urban cores. Stockton, Modesto, Tracy (as well as the nearby city of

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and called for boycotts of table grapes. The UFW generated enormous sympathy throughout the United States, even managing to terminate several agricultural mechanization projects at the

1278:(70,231 acres) of agricultural land was lost to urban development in the San Joaquin Valley. Although there have been some token efforts at confronting the problems of (sub) 1552:. Since then, state and federal representatives have pushed to convert SR 99 to an Interstate, although this cannot occur until all of the portions of SR 99 between I-5 and the 3037: 1574:, is an extremely important and very heavily traveled route for truckers from the valley and the Bay Area who want to cross the Sierra Nevada and leave California (by way of 804:

is exploring opening a research medical school specializing in rural care, in hopes that some graduates will settle in the San Joaquin Valley and provide better healthcare.

1139:. Those who remained experienced continuing deterioration of conditions, which reached their nadir during the drought that began in the late 1920s and created the infamous 5386: 1073:

marks the location of the only California town to be founded, financed and governed by African Americans. The small farming community was founded in 1908 by Lt. Colonel

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Henry Miller Papers Collection, "Correspondence to Superintendent Turner," 18 July 1912, Special Collections, Henry Madden Library, California State University, Fresno

3117: 1089:-era migrants to the San Joaquin Valley from the South and Midwest are one of the more well-known groups in the Central Valley, in large part due to the popularity of 446:

The valley contains two large river systems, divided north and south. The northern portion of San Joaquin Valley is called the San Joaquin Basin: the watershed of the

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Portuguese in the San Joaquin Valley than in the Azores. Many groups are found in majorities in specific cities, and hardly anywhere else in the region. For example,

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The San Joaquin Valley, measuring about 250 miles (400 kilometres) by 40 to 60 miles (65 to 95 km), is the southern half of the great Central Valley of California.

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Likewise, the counties of the San Joaquin Valley have relatively high ratios of population to physicians, suggesting relatively low access, with the highest in

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Richter, Lauren (December 19, 2017). "Constructing insignificance: critical race perspectives on institutional failure in environmental justice communities".

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in Los Angeles County has untapped reserves greater than 100,000,000 barrels (16,000,000 m), while six fields in the San Joaquin Valley (Midway-Sunset,

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Punjabi Sikh Americans have immigrated to the San Joaquin Valley since the early 1900s and 1910s, and remain a very large presence in the area. To this day,

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in 2006 of any counties in California. The report also showed that the same six counties were among the 52 counties with the highest poverty rate in the

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levels that tend to increase even more on hot days. Kids are more inclined to play outdoors during summer when the weather is warmer. According to the

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Currently, the Latino and Mexican descendants are large percentage of the demographics in the San Joaquin Valley. Since not long after the onset of the

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this has led to a greater concentration of nitrates and phosphates in the waters, causing eutrophication and contamination of possible drinking water.

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Agricultural Drainage and Salt Management in the San Joaquin Valley: A Special Report Including Recommended Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Report

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which are all different styles of West Coast Rap. The Valley has been the home to many country, nu metal, and doo-wop musicians and singers, such as

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region east of Los Angeles has worse overall air quality, and the San Joaquin Valley led the nation in 2004 in the number of days with quantities of

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since the early 2010s. This drought is not only affecting humans, with farmland taking much of the impact, but also the wildlife as well.

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was created in the 1950s, the decision was made to build I-5 as an entirely then-new freeway bypass instead of upgrading the then-existing

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California has long been one of the nation's most important oil-producing states, and the San Joaquin Valley has long since eclipsed the

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The isolation and vastness of the San Joaquin Valley, as well as its poverty and need for jobs, have led the state to build numerous

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Many of the Okies and Arkies left the San Joaquin Valley during World War II, most of them going to Los Angeles, San Francisco and

554: 3609: 5423: 2780: 1070: 855: 2942: 1590:. Proposals have also been made to designate this highway as a western extension of I-40 once the entirety of the route between 6129: 5648: 4952: 4932: 4912: 1340:-based firm that operates truck stops and refineries. Flying J's bankruptcy in 2009 resulted in the refinery being shut down. 424: 165: 4277: 4203: 2701: 1658: 1650: 4852: 4267:"Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s–2000s" 4193:"Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s–2000s" 1215:

The San Joaquin Valley produces 12.8% of California's agricultural production (as measured by dollar value). Often called a

5445: 5175: 4967: 2796:"Impact of Drought and Changing Water Sources on Water Use and Soil Salinity of Almond and Pistachio Orchards: 2. Modeling" 1981:

chart, there were eight wells which had nitrate levels above the 10 mg/L MCL, out of 90 sampled for nitrates in 2006.

1444: 336:, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output. 4068:"Water & Health in the Valley: Nitrate Contamination of Drinking Water and the Health of San Joaquin Valley Residents" 1906:

the San Joaquin Valley loses about one billion dollars every year due to the pollution in the air destroying these crops.

1043:, and Stockton is believed to have the largest percentage of Cambodian Americans of any major American metropolitan area. 5748: 4867: 4012: 4356: 4334: 6029: 5603: 3057: 1776: 590:. Weather forecasts and climatological information for the San Joaquin Valley are available from its official website. 482:, but much of this water has been diverted for agricultural uses and the watershed is mostly dry in its lower reaches. 3790: 6009: 5528: 5263: 3921: 3583: 3410: 3002: 2659: 2605: 2043:

of airborne dust or dirt. The valley is just one of the areas in the southwestern United States where the illness is

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sprawl of Los Angeles, many dairy farmers have cashed out and moved their herds to Kings, Tulare, and Kern counties.

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due to decreased lung functions. Reports state that the residents in this community suffer from high rates of

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in Southern California. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has three densely populated urban centers:

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had become nearly unviable due to soil erosion and poor rainfall. Much of the rural population of states such as

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region, the valley farms emphasize fruits, vegetables and nuts more than grain for bread. Major crops include

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Meng, Ying-Ying; Rull, Rudolph P.; Wilhelm, Michelle; Lombardi, Christina; Balmes, John; Ritz, Beate (2010).

2754:. Vol. 551. Washington D.C.: Fossil Vertebrates from Western North America and Mexico. pp. 81–112. 1670: 407: 2838:"Effects of drought on the abundance and distribution of non-breeding shorebirds in central California, USA" 6034: 6014: 5994: 5944: 5874: 5869: 5854: 5801: 5498: 5435: 5337: 3643: 1561: 1436: 1255:

transforming the yeoman farmer into wage workers. The success of the business can be attributed to founder

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The San Joaquin Valley has extremely hot, dry summers and pleasantly mild winters characterized by dense

420: 329: 3884: 2514:. The Valley also has a strong literary tradition, heavy in poetry, producing many famous poets such as 6238: 6109: 6094: 5834: 5598: 5488: 5413: 5258: 5009: 4992: 4927: 4771: 2597:

The Battle over Hetch Hetchy: America's Most Controversial Dam and the Birth of Modern Environmentalism

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because these children are not fully developed yet. The elderly population is also vulnerable to

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air, having been founded by immigrants from that country. Ethnic groups found in a broader area are

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labels, R&B singers, Jazz & Funk musicians, and Hip Hop artist such as: Kottonmouth Kings,

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buses. The San Joaquin Valley is also the location of the planned initial operating segment of the

1674: 1607: 1448: 1353: 1333: 936: 797: 789: 727:, six San Joaquin Valley counties had the highest percentage of residents living below the federal 579: 572: 475: 451: 352: 1885:, meaning residents are exposed to air quality that is confirmed to be hazardous to human health. 6179: 6119: 6114: 5969: 5959: 5914: 5904: 5899: 5678: 5473: 5401: 5327: 5290: 5280: 5231: 4633: 4522: 4471: 3938: 3580:

Draft Environmental Assessment for Right-of-Way Maintenance in the San Joaquin Valley, California

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was the last widespread lake to fill the valley about 700,000 years ago. At the beginning of the

396: 376: 169: 118: 94: 3979:"Groundwater Shock: The Polluting of the World's Major Freshwater Stores | Worldwatch Institute" 2625: 1740:(CAHSR) project, which will run 171 miles from Bakersfield in the south to Merced in the north. 1724:

does not currently allow the San Joaquins trains to run on the highly congested rail route over

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are found throughout the region, and several enormous extraction facilities – most notably near

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Upper Cretaceous Fish Remains from the Western Border of the San Joaquin Valley, California

2375: 2260: 2116: 2088: 1709: 1623: 1522: 1501: 1409: 1381: 1365: 1349: 1345: 1337: 1171: 997: 932: 908: 768: 680: 563: 440: 380: 161: 86: 3215: 3118:"Groundwater Management and Drought: An Interview with the San Joaquin Valley Partnership" 1806: 8: 6184: 6174: 5796: 5791: 5753: 5668: 5618: 5440: 5310: 5253: 5226: 5161: 4831: 4796: 4786: 4781: 4766: 4751: 4658: 4628: 4618: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4573: 4555: 4550: 4372: 4304:"Composting: An Alternative for Livestock Manure Management and Disposal of Dead Animals" 2575: 2523: 2350: 2335: 2320: 2295: 2290: 2270: 2226: 2211: 2191: 2176: 2166: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2106: 2093: 2083: 1717: 1615: 1571: 1432: 1424: 1357: 1167: 1095: 1059: 1048: 985: 952: 948: 880: 859: 843: 764: 688: 641: 583: 428: 392: 384: 344: 340: 177: 146: 126: 114: 102: 98: 3712: 3447: 3379: 3348:"'This has to end peacefully': California's Punjabi farmers rally behind India protests" 3081:

San Diego State University Library and Information Access. 2009 (retrieved 29 June 2010)

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there were three major lakes remaining in the southern part of the Valley, Tulare Lake,

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Helalia, Sarah A.; Anderson, Ray G.; Skaggs, Todd H.; Šimůnek, Jirka (December 2021).

1992:, which can occur when there are high nitrate levels in the blood that are untreated. 6203: 5758: 5708: 5658: 5653: 5638: 5583: 5366: 5036: 4826: 4801: 4711: 4681: 4663: 4648: 4578: 3917: 3850: 3647: 3554: 3406: 3355: 2998: 2938: 2885: 2867: 2817: 2755: 2655: 2601: 2565: 2547: 2408: 2355: 2310: 2245: 2231: 2216: 2206: 2111: 1960: 1413: 1401: 1329: 1326:, the third-largest oil field in the United States – are veritable forests of pumps. 1307: 1260: 1252: 1247:

consumed in the United States, and Fresno County is the largest producer of raisins.

1191: 1074: 1055: 1028: 928: 904: 888: 847: 821: 649: 502: 447: 356: 242: 173: 150: 134: 3862: 5543: 5518: 5503: 5246: 5236: 5094: 5062: 4893: 4603: 4266: 4192: 3834: 3716: 3681: 3669: 2875: 2857: 2807: 2365: 2151: 2131: 1831: 1361: 1319: 1086: 1001: 980: 920: 858:. However, from the 1970s onward, landlords and large corporations have also hired 519: 317: 265: 142: 138: 37: 3673: 59: 5463: 5057: 5045: 4942: 4398: 4379: 4360: 4341: 3386: 3323: 3292: 3280: 3266: 2862: 1881:. The San Joaquin Valley has been deemed an "extreme non-attainment zone" by the 1818:, the San Joaquin Valley has long suffered from some of the United States' worst 1780: 1768: 1646: 1477: 884: 459: 3326:, The Bakersfield Californian, By Jeff Nickell, Saturday, Jun 30, 2012 12:00 AM 3306:

UC Merced and UC Davis Partner to Begin Educating Medical Students in the Valley

862:. This has allowed them to increase their profits due to low overhead on wages. 695:

have further strained both the San Joaquin Valley's and the Sacramento Valley's

47: 5723: 5713: 5663: 5089: 5067: 5050: 4999: 3807: 3559: 2812: 2795: 2527: 1866: 1835: 1733: 1725: 1631: 1385: 1368:) each have reserves exceeding 100,000,000 barrels (16,000,000 m) of oil. 1211:

Signs on pole show approximate altitude of land surface in 1925, 1955, and 1977

1090: 1012: 696: 630: 494: 4230:"Human Costs of Nitrate-contaminated Drinking Water in the San Joaquin Valley" 250: 6217: 6154: 6019: 5806: 5768: 5718: 5643: 5593: 5568: 5563: 5513: 5478: 4957: 4907: 4353: 3838: 3359: 2871: 2821: 2695:

Passenger Department, Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company (1902).

2503: 2495: 2459: 2404: 2388: 1977: 1927: 1819: 1461: 1183: 1175: 960: 732: 684: 599: 511: 490: 455: 436: 360: 207: 194: 2759: 780:

According to the California Department of Health Services, 37% of births in

254:

The San Joaquin River and its tributaries, showing the extent of the valley.

5633: 5628: 5623: 5548: 5523: 5122: 5099: 5084: 5072: 4937: 3854: 2889: 2483: 1855: 1767:. Western owns and operates its own equipment here and so performs its own 1744: 1700: 1690: 1497: 1310:

as the state's primary oil production region. Scattered oil wells on small

1279: 1104: 1024: 1016: 851: 839: 728: 603: 498: 471: 432: 228: 3744:"An Economic Analysis of Ozone Control in California's San Joaquin Valley" 6139: 5553: 5109: 5026: 4017: 3885:"The Human Costs of Nitrate-contaminated Water in the San Joaquin Valley" 3823:"Outdoor Air Pollution and Uncontrolled Asthma in the San Joaquin Valley" 2772: 2511: 2507: 2471: 1823: 1729: 1666: 1587: 1583: 1469: 1389: 1216: 1152: 1144: 1136: 1100: 607: 558: 547: 463: 412: 333: 3846: 3822: 3759: 3586:, Sierra Nevada Region, pp. vii + 259 + 227 appendices, DOE/EA-1697 1162:

to work in war-related industries. Many of those who stayed ended up in

5763: 5588: 5573: 5188: 5184: 5142: 5137: 5127: 4987: 3743: 3539: 3533:

2006 California Department of Conservation, 2006 Oil and Gas Statistics

3435:

Paving Paradise: A New Perspective on California's Farmland Conversion,

2463: 2455: 2392: 2040: 1557: 1493: 1187: 1179: 1020: 736: 711:

The educational attainment of high school graduate or higher is 72.7%.

568: 479: 467: 325: 5153: 3728: 2681:. San Joaquin Valley Interagency Drainage Program. 1979. p. 2.1. 1966: 1480:

containing million-dollar homes are going up on the city's outskirts.

1007:

In addition, the late 1970s and '80s saw an influx of immigrants from

984:

and Southern India have settled in these valley communities including

6144: 4902: 4421: 3978: 2519: 2435: 1822:. This pollution, exacerbated by stagnant weather, comes mainly from 1720:. Amtrak rail service does not continue south of Bakersfield, as the 1473: 1311: 1244: 1236: 1159: 1140: 1008: 944: 817: 622: 3791:"Fact Sheet: Overview of EPA's Updates to the Air Quality Standards" 3474:"Big West to Suspend Operations at its Refinery on Rosedale Highway" 2749: 3914:

California Drought: Hydrological and Regulatory Water Supply Issues

3720: 2396: 1894: 1847: 1827: 1685: 1481: 1275: 1268: 1120: 1116: 543: 515: 64:

A map of the counties encompassing the San Joaquin Valley ecoregion

2731:

The Rivers and Floods of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Watersheds

1814:

Hemmed in by mountains and rarely having strong winds to disperse

1151:

suffered similar problems from the first major infestation of the

5468: 3696: 3504:"Occidental Announces Major Oil and Gas Discovery in Kern County" 2499: 2044: 1984: 1861:

Population growth has caused the San Joaquin Valley to rank with

1843: 1553: 1549: 1332:

operated a major refinery in Bakersfield; it was sold in 2005 to

1148: 1132: 1124: 834: 3602:"In California's Fertile Valley, a Bumper Crop of Air Pollution" 3448:"California drought will affect the global agriculture industry" 1031:, have largely settled in the communities of Stockton, Modesto, 2972: 2447: 2412: 2400: 2032: 1935: 1923: 1377: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1207: 1108: 1036: 872: 672: 636:. Their ancestral homeland is the southern San Joaquin Valley, 626: 458:. The somewhat larger southern portion is the Tulare Basin, an 3742:

Kim, Hong Jin; Helfand, Gloria E.; Howitt, Richard E. (1998).

3091: 2387:

The San Joaquin Valley has been a major influence in American

294: 2912:. California Department of Water Resources. August 19, 2015. 2067: 1915: 1874: 1851: 1112: 924: 285: 3774:"San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study Final Report Released" 2793: 2238: 2099: 2055: 1423:, a vast air base located 25 kilometres (16 mi) WSW of 419:

The San Joaquin Valley is the southern half of California's

2467: 1899: 1815: 1485: 812: 687:

tribe and is located 4.5 miles (7.24 km) southeast of

282: 3177: 2834: 2415: 1839: 1103:

movie made from it. By 1910, agriculture in the southern

582:

Forecast Office for the San Joaquin Valley is located in

274: 4363:

www.electricearl.com 14-05-2015 Retrieved. 14-05-2015

3317:

On rich soil: Kern County families provide grapes aplent

1902:

lead to the destruction of many crops. According to the

3820: 3017:"Tejon tribe fought for recognition throughout history" 1971:

Water Quality in Public Supply Wells of Turlock in 2006

1371: 598:

The San Joaquin Valley was originally inhabited by the

4065: 4045:"Nitrates Poison Water in California's Central Valley" 4013:"Nitrates poison water in California's Central Valley" 3389:- California Agricultural Resource Directory 2008–2009 2939:"NASA: California Drought Causing Valley Land to Sink" 2013: 661:

Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of California

431:

in the south, and from the California coastal ranges (

1392:. Other correctional facilities in the valley are at 1302:

Map of Southern San Joaquin Valley Oil and Gas Fields

1294:

Map of Northern San Joaquin Valley Oil and Gas Fields

306: 297: 291: 277: 271: 268: 4401:

www.poetrysoup.com 14-05-2015 Retrieved. 14-05-2015

4097:"Tulare County Private Wells Test High for Nitrates" 4007: 3014: 2537: 1909: 1419:

The only significant military base in the region is

1123:

left at this time, selling their land and moving to

4382:

www.billboard.com 14-05-2015 Retrieved. 14-05-2015

3638: 3636: 1914:The San Joaquin Valley suffers from extremely high 691:, in the San Joaquin Valley. Since 2010, statewide 288: 3405:. University of California Press. pp. 29–30. 2907:"NASA Report: Drought Causing Valley Land to Sink" 2773:Office of Governmental and Public Affairs (1978). 1728:, which is the only route between Bakersfield and 4344:sites.google.com 04-05-2015 Retrieved. 04-05-2015 3882: 3573: 3571: 3569: 1995: 1657:The busiest airport in San Joaquin Valley is the 6215: 3741: 3633: 3050:"Tejon Indian Tribe Gains Federal Reaffirmation" 1732:. Passengers between these towns must travel on 1439:of the 1990s. Although both are in Kern County, 534:in a portion of the former Buena Vista Lakebed. 415:prior to shrinkage from large-scale agriculture. 339:San Joaquin Valley draws from eight counties of 3808:"Disease Control and Prevention: Air Pollution" 3380:2007 Overview - Agricultural Statistical Review 3291:San Joaquin Valley: Land, People, and Economy. 3279:San Joaquin Valley: Land, People, and Economy. 3141: 2733:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 39. 1854:, "accounts for more than half of the region’s 1598:Other important highways in the valley include 1194:that is still deeply associated with the city. 3748:Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 3697:"A Geographer Looks at the San Joaquin Valley" 3566: 3440: 3293:http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/05/07/05-007.pdf 3281:http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/05/07/05-007.pdf 2941:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. August 19, 2015. 2654:. University of California Press. p. 95. 2494:. The San Joaquin Valley is also home to many 1834:, which forms from the combination of vehicle 1797:Environmental issues in the San Joaquin Valley 1630:(SR 152), an important commuter route linking 771:– every major city of the San Joaquin Valley. 5169: 4868: 4437: 3939:"Agricultural Impacts on Groundwater Nitrate" 3269:San Joaquin Valley: Land, People, and Economy 3079:California Indians and Their Reservations: Y. 1920:United States Environmental Protection Agency 1830:fueled vehicles and agricultural operations. 1015:. These immigrants, the majority of whom are 807: 606:. The first European to enter the valley was 29: 6284:Geography of the Central Valley (California) 4126: 3827:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 3552:Lustig, David (April 2023). "VALLEY FEVER". 2714:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1869:in most measures of air pollution. Only the 1344:outside of the San Joaquin Valley, only the 935:descent who migrated to California from the 466:. Historically, Tulare Lake was fed by the 450:and its tributaries including parts of the 5176: 5162: 4875: 4861: 4444: 4430: 3092:"Welcome to Tachi Palace Hotel and Casino" 2997:. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 410. 2901: 2899: 2747: 2068:Cities with 100,000 to 500,000 inhabitants 1941: 1704:service handles passenger traffic between 1380:in the area. The most notable of these is 1143:. (Small cotton farmers in states such as 683:belongs to the federally recognized Tachi 6269:Valleys of San Joaquin County, California 3450:. Los Angeles News.Net. August 17, 2014. 2879: 2861: 2811: 2239:Cities with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants 2100:Cities with 20,000 to 100,000 inhabitants 2056:Cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants 1922:this could lead to health issues such as 1058:population is concentrated in Delano and 593: 6274:Valleys of Stanislaus County, California 4066:Community Water Center (December 2013). 2969:National Weather Service Forecast Office 2673: 2671: 2600:. Oxford University Press. p. 149. 2047:due to C. immitis residing in the soil. 1965: 1805: 1684: 1645: 1521: 1297: 1289: 1206: 816: 813:Latinos/Hispanics, Chicanos and Mexicans 555:California Department of Water Resources 489: 406: 249: 16:Area of the Central Valley in California 5183: 4129:"California's Groundwater Bulletin 118" 4094: 3694: 3659: 3612:from the original on September 27, 2019 3599: 3330:...Marin Caratan than he was the first 2896: 2781:United States Department of Agriculture 2593: 1530:, looking south near Derrick Avenue in 1071:Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park 856:United States Department of Agriculture 557:stated, "Because of increased pumping, 6216: 4451: 4373:The Def Dames- Billboard Hot 100 Carts 4122: 4120: 4038: 4036: 3936: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3642:Bustillo, Miguel (November 14, 2008) 3577: 3551: 3437:American Farmland Trust, November 2007 3398: 3345: 3015:Edelhart, Courtenay. (March 5, 2012). 2728: 2624:. Valley Clean Air Now. Archived from 2050: 1938:and experience many related symptoms. 5157: 4856: 4425: 4150: 4148: 4095:Carroll, Gerald (November 14, 2006). 3785: 3783: 3644:L.A.'s the Capital of Dirty Air Again 3600:Borrell, Brendan (December 3, 2018). 3595: 3593: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3008: 2702:Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway 2668: 2649: 2382: 1659:Fresno Yosemite International Airport 1651:Fresno Yosemite International Airport 1634:with its fast-growing exurbs such as 1606:(SR 41), which respectively link the 739:region, resulting in the appellation 485: 6279:Valleys of Tulare County, California 6264:Valleys of Merced County, California 6259:Valleys of Madera County, California 6244:Valleys of Fresno County, California 3911: 3901:from the original on April 14, 2017. 3454:from the original on August 19, 2014 3402:Stanislaus: The Struggle for a River 3072: 2004: 1445:China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station 1372:Other major industries and employers 1065: 553:In August 2015, the Director of the 6254:Valleys of Kings County, California 4301: 4283:from the original on April 30, 2017 4246:from the original on April 14, 2017 4209:from the original on April 30, 2017 4172:from the original on April 21, 2017 4117: 4042: 4033: 3989:from the original on March 18, 2017 3869: 3346:Sewell, Summer (February 8, 2021). 3218:San Joaquin Valley: New Appalachia? 3042: 2776:People on the Farm: Growing Oranges 2014:Possible solutions and alternatives 1858:on the area’s most polluted days." 1586:or brave the traffic congestion of 1274:Between 1990 and 2004, 28,092 1080: 959:, as well as Lutheran and Catholic 375:counties, along with a majority of 13: 6249:Valleys of Kern County, California 5649:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta 4392:Sherley Ann Williams – Poetry Soup 4145: 4141:from the original on May 25, 2017. 4113:from the original on May 25, 2017. 4084:from the original on May 25, 2017. 3780: 3590: 3484:from the original on June 12, 2012 3230:"Poverty plagues 'new Appalachia'" 3161: 3142:MICHAEL MCGOUGH (April 29, 2022). 2919:from the original on March 4, 2016 970: 865: 425:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta 166:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta 14: 6295: 4415:Land of Risk/Land of Opportunity, 4407: 4316:from the original on May 25, 2017 4264: 4227: 4190: 4055:from the original on May 5, 2017. 3959:from the original on May 25, 2017 3584:Western Area Power Administration 3056:. January 4, 2011. Archived from 2652:Introduction to Air in California 1910:Negative effects on public health 1765:Western Area Power Administration 1512: 1507: 1454: 774: 6197: 5807:Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario 3916:. DIANE Publishing. p. 11. 3883:Pacific Institute (March 2011). 2965:"San Joaquin Valley/Hanford, CA" 2945:from the original on May 5, 2016 2540: 1801: 1790: 802:University of California, Merced 615:Tejon Indian Tribe of California 264: 58: 46: 4385: 4366: 4347: 4328: 4295: 4258: 4221: 4184: 4127:water.ca.gov (April 11, 2017). 4088: 4059: 4001: 3971: 3930: 3905: 3814: 3800: 3766: 3735: 3688: 3653: 3624: 3545: 3526: 3510:. July 23, 2009. Archived from 3496: 3466: 3428: 3419: 3392: 3373: 3339: 3310: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3260: 3256:America's Most Miserable Cities 3247: 3222: 3209: 3197: 3135: 3110: 3096:Tachi Palace Hotel & Casino 3084: 2987: 2957: 2931: 2828: 2622:"San Joaquin Valley Fact Sheet" 2022: 1883:Environmental Protection Agency 1879:Environmental Protection Agency 1743:Freight service is provided by 1223:(wine grapes, table grapes and 702: 679:in the San Joaquin Valley. The 669:indigenous people of California 634:indigenous people of California 5817:San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland 5797:Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim 2787: 2766: 2741: 2722: 2688: 2643: 2614: 2587: 2556:Groundwater-related subsidence 1996:High-intensity crop production 1949:High-Intensity Crop Production 1904:California Air Resources Board 1758: 1384:, whose inmates have included 1267:have become absorbed into the 1202: 1: 4354:“The Colts” by (JIM DAWSON) 3674:10.1080/23251042.2017.1410988 3578:Tuggle, Stephen (June 2010), 2729:Taylor, Nathaniel R. (1913). 2581: 1671:Stockton Metropolitan Airport 1610:with Bakersfield and Fresno; 903:is famous for its distinctly 2863:10.1371/journal.pone.0240931 2522:, former U.S. Poet Laureate 1888: 1877:considered unhealthy by the 1763:The valley is served by the 1437:Base Realignment and Closure 1285: 402: 7: 5377:National Historic Landmarks 4885:California's Central Valley 4309:. Oregon State University. 4021:. Associated Newspapers Ltd 3582:, US Department of Energy, 3183:United States Census Bureau 3021:The Bakersfield Californian 2594:Righter, Robert W. (2005). 2533: 1930:and could even suffer from 1753:San Joaquin Valley Railroad 963:who settled in the broader 721:United States Census Bureau 10: 6300: 5382:National Natural Landmarks 4887:watershed (north-to-south) 4335:Central California Hip Hop 4043:AFP (September 19, 2016). 3695:Parsons, James J. (1986). 2995:Encyclopedia of California 2813:10.3390/soilsystems5040058 2424:Central California Hip Hop 2407:particularly through the 1810:PM 2.5 Pollution Over Time 1794: 1738:California High-Speed Rail 1712:with extensions to either 1582:) without having to climb 1197: 1186:came out of Bakersfield's 808:Ethnic and cultural groups 714: 671:, Chukchansi or Foothills 665:federally recognized tribe 619:federally recognized tribe 537: 324:) is the southern half of 6193: 6128: 5825: 5782: 5454: 5397:congressional delegations 5207: 5195: 5108: 5035: 4892: 4672: 4564: 4536: 4510: 4459: 2748:Rose David, Lore (1946). 2561:List of California rivers 1783:are employed to preserve 1546:Interstate Highway System 1421:Naval Air Station Lemoore 1322:, including the enormous 725:American Community Survey 238: 224: 184: 157: 82: 78:California, United States 74: 69: 57: 45: 28: 23: 5699:Santa Clara River Valley 5424:state historic landmarks 3839:10.1136/jech.2009.083576 2480:Maddox Brothers and Rose 1675:Merced Municipal Airport 1608:California Central Coast 1526:The valley as seen from 1517: 951:settled in the areas of 798:University of California 580:National Weather Service 5679:San Francisco Peninsula 5474:California Coast Ranges 4417:UC Davis, November 2011 4156:"Nitrates and Nitrites" 3937:Harter, Thomas (2009). 3912:Cody, Betsy A. (2010). 3662:Environmental Sociology 2492:Sons of the San Joaquin 1942:Nitrates in groundwater 1694:train at Merced station 1680: 1324:Midway-Sunset Oil Field 860:undocumented immigrants 654:Bakersfield, California 646:Kern County, California 470:, the Kings River, the 367:counties, and parts of 5749:Southern Border Region 5674:San Francisco Bay Area 5559:Greater San Bernardino 5529:East Bay (SF Bay Area) 4075:Community Water Center 4049:Community Water Center 4011:(September 20, 2016). 3508:California Energy News 2993:Capace, Nancy (1999). 2432:Central California Rap 2428:Central Valley Hip Hop 2422:, also referred to as 1973: 1811: 1749:Union Pacific Railroad 1722:Union Pacific Railroad 1695: 1654: 1641: 1534: 1441:Edwards Air Force Base 1435:was closed during the 1303: 1295: 1212: 1041:Minneapolis–Saint Paul 947:groups descended from 829: 693:droughts in California 594:Early human settlement 573:extracting groundwater 506: 423:. It extends from the 416: 321: 255: 208:36.62889°N 120.18500°W 30: 6234:Regions of California 6229:Valleys of California 6204:California portal 3630:Carle 2006, pp. 97–98 3178:"U.S. Census website" 2650:Carle, David (2006). 2516:Sherley Anne Williams 2420:Bakersfield Rap Scene 1969: 1809: 1688: 1663:Meadows Field Airport 1649: 1525: 1451:area of that county. 1429:Castle Air Force Base 1301: 1293: 1210: 820: 644:. Today they live in 638:San Emigdio Mountains 588:Doppler weather radar 493: 439:) in the west to the 410: 253: 5802:Sacramento–Roseville 5704:Santa Clarita Valley 4009:Agence France-Presse 3480:. January 28, 2009. 3399:Palmer, Tim (1982). 2975:on November 16, 2011 2037:Coccidioides immitis 2035:infection caused by 1624:Santa Ynez Mountains 1562:Interstate standards 1502:Restoration Hardware 1346:Wilmington Oil Field 1192:a hard-driving sound 879:are concentrated in 681:Santa Rosa Rancheria 427:in the north to the 322:Valle de San Joaquín 213:36.62889; -120.18500 31:Valle de San Joaquín 5754:Southern California 5669:San Fernando Valley 5619:Northern California 5579:Greater Los Angeles 4104:Visalia Times-Delta 3946:Southwest Hydrology 3713:1986GeoRv..76..371P 3701:Geographical Review 3060:on November 3, 2013 3054:Native News Network 3027:on November 3, 2013 2854:2020PLoSO..1540931B 2628:on October 22, 2014 2576:Water in California 2524:Juan Felipe Herrera 2051:Cities and counties 1447:are located in the 1135:, and fast-growing 1096:The Grapes of Wrath 1047:, Modesto, Fresno, 850:, went on numerous 844:United Farm Workers 689:Lemoore, California 648:, headquartered in 642:Tehachapi Mountains 429:Tehachapi Mountains 347:, including all of 345:Southern California 332:. Famed as a major 204: / 178:Tehachapi Mountains 6224:San Joaquin Valley 5694:Santa Clara Valley 5689:San Joaquin Valley 5684:San Gabriel Valley 5539:Eastern California 5509:Coastal California 5484:Central California 4453:San Joaquin Valley 4397:2015-05-18 at the 4378:2016-01-06 at the 4359:2015-09-23 at the 4340:2015-04-04 at the 3983:www.worldwatch.org 3514:on October 9, 2011 3385:2009-05-02 at the 3322:2015-09-23 at the 2571:San Joaquin (soil) 2452:West Coast Hip hop 2383:In popular culture 2029:coccidioidomycosis 1990:blue-baby syndrome 1974: 1953:Large Dairy Herds. 1812: 1696: 1655: 1535: 1304: 1296: 1213: 1190:scene and created 830: 826:United Farmworkers 507: 497:, supplied by the 486:Geological history 417: 411:An 1873 map shows 355:counties, most of 260:San Joaquin Valley 256: 83:Population centers 52:San Joaquin Valley 24:San Joaquin Valley 6239:San Joaquin River 6211: 6210: 5812:San Diego–Tijuana 5759:Transverse Ranges 5709:Santa Ynez Valley 5659:Saddleback Valley 5654:Sacramento Valley 5639:Peninsular Ranges 5614:North County (SD) 5584:Los Angeles Basin 5446:Index of articles 5151: 5150: 5037:San Joaquin River 4850: 4849: 4237:Pacific Institute 3892:Pacific Institute 3648:Los Angeles Times 3562:. pp. 22–29. 2566:Sacramento Valley 2548:California portal 2448:West Coast G-funk 2409:Bakersfield Sound 2027:Valley Fever, or 2005:Large dairy herds 1961:Pacific Institute 1846:gas contained in 1478:gated communities 1308:Los Angeles Basin 1253:corporate farming 1174:began to dry up. 1075:Allen Allensworth 1066:African Americans 1056:Filipino American 719:According to the 675:, now located in 503:Friant-Kern Canal 448:San Joaquin River 248: 247: 243:San Joaquin River 174:San Francisco Bay 6291: 6202: 6201: 6200: 5544:Emerald Triangle 5534:East County (SD) 5519:Cucamonga Valley 5504:Coachella Valley 5247:California Dream 5237:California sound 5178: 5171: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5095:Chowchilla River 5063:Stanislaus River 4918:Cottonwood Creek 4894:Sacramento River 4877: 4870: 4863: 4854: 4853: 4673:Cities and towns 4565:Cities and towns 4537:Cities and towns 4446: 4439: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4402: 4389: 4383: 4370: 4364: 4351: 4345: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4315: 4308: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4282: 4271: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4245: 4234: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4208: 4197: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4171: 4160: 4152: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4101: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4072: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4040: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3958: 3943: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3889: 3880: 3867: 3866: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3787: 3778: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3657: 3651: 3640: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3575: 3564: 3563: 3549: 3543: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3396: 3390: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3343: 3337: 3314: 3308: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3258: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3226: 3220: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3174: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3023:. Archived from 3012: 3006: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2971:. Archived from 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2918: 2911: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2883: 2865: 2848:(10): e0240931. 2832: 2826: 2825: 2815: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2713: 2705: 2704:. pp. 9–10. 2692: 2686: 2685: 2675: 2666: 2665: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2591: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2474:, Dennis Payne, 2434:, which are all 1832:Ammonium nitrate 1560:are upgraded to 1472:as an "American 1081:Okies and Arkies 796:In response the 520:Buena Vista Lake 313: 309: 304: 303: 300: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 280: 279: 276: 273: 270: 219: 218: 216: 215: 214: 209: 205: 202: 201: 200: 197: 62: 50: 41: 33: 21: 20: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6198: 6196: 6189: 6131: 6124: 6030:San Luis Obispo 5821: 5778: 5599:Mountain Empire 5499:Channel Islands 5464:Antelope Valley 5450: 5414:Protected areas 5203: 5191: 5182: 5152: 5147: 5104: 5058:Calaveras River 5046:Mokelumne River 5031: 4943:Big Chico Creek 4888: 4881: 4851: 4846: 4692:California City 4674: 4668: 4566: 4560: 4538: 4532: 4506: 4455: 4450: 4410: 4405: 4399:Wayback Machine 4390: 4386: 4380:Wayback Machine 4371: 4367: 4361:Wayback Machine 4352: 4348: 4342:Wayback Machine 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4302:Gamroth, Mike. 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4232: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4195: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4146: 4138: 4131: 4125: 4118: 4110: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4070: 4064: 4060: 4041: 4034: 4024: 4022: 4006: 4002: 3992: 3990: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3941: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3887: 3881: 3870: 3819: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3781: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3740: 3736: 3693: 3689: 3658: 3654: 3641: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3598: 3591: 3576: 3567: 3550: 3546: 3531: 3527: 3517: 3515: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3387:Wayback Machine 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3344: 3340: 3327: 3324:Wayback Machine 3315: 3311: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3265: 3261: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3234:Chicago Tribune 3228: 3227: 3223: 3214: 3210: 3206:August 29, 2007 3202: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3176: 3175: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3030: 3028: 3013: 3009: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2897: 2833: 2829: 2792: 2788: 2771: 2767: 2746: 2742: 2727: 2723: 2707: 2706: 2693: 2689: 2677: 2676: 2669: 2662: 2648: 2644: 2631: 2629: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2385: 2380: 2241: 2236: 2102: 2070: 2058: 2053: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1944: 1912: 1891: 1836:nitrogen oxides 1804: 1799: 1793: 1781:modes of action 1769:weed management 1761: 1683: 1644: 1628:State Route 152 1520: 1515: 1510: 1457: 1431:, located near 1374: 1288: 1205: 1200: 1083: 1068: 973: 971:Asian Americans 949:Russian Germans 927:" of primarily 868: 866:European groups 838:program during 815: 810: 777: 717: 705: 596: 586:and includes a 540: 488: 460:endorheic basin 405: 311: 307: 281: 267: 263: 212: 210: 206: 203: 198: 195: 193: 191: 190: 65: 53: 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6297: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6209: 6208: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6136: 6134: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6010:San Bernardino 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5739:South Bay (SF) 5736: 5734:South Bay (SD) 5731: 5729:South Bay (LA) 5726: 5724:Silicon Valley 5721: 5716: 5714:Shasta Cascade 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5664:Salinas Valley 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5604:North Bay (SF) 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5494:Central Valley 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5436:Transportation 5433: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5411: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5213: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5181: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5158: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5114: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5090:Mariposa Creek 5087: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5068:Tuolumne River 5065: 5060: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5051:Cosumnes River 5042: 5040: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5000:American River 4997: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4890: 4889: 4880: 4879: 4872: 4865: 4857: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4772:Mountain House 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4678: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4570: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4409: 4408:External links 4406: 4404: 4403: 4384: 4365: 4346: 4327: 4294: 4265:Burow, Karen. 4257: 4220: 4191:Burow, Karen. 4183: 4144: 4116: 4087: 4058: 4032: 4000: 3970: 3929: 3922: 3904: 3868: 3833:(2): 142–147. 3813: 3799: 3779: 3765: 3734: 3721:10.2307/214912 3707:(4): 371–389. 3687: 3652: 3632: 3623: 3589: 3565: 3560:Kalmbach Media 3544: 3538:2017-05-25 at 3525: 3495: 3465: 3439: 3427: 3418: 3411: 3391: 3372: 3338: 3309: 3296: 3284: 3272: 3259: 3246: 3221: 3208: 3196: 3160: 3148:amp.sacbee.com 3134: 3109: 3098:. Tachi Palace 3083: 3071: 3041: 3007: 2986: 2956: 2930: 2895: 2827: 2786: 2765: 2740: 2721: 2687: 2667: 2660: 2642: 2613: 2606: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2535: 2532: 2528:David St. John 2384: 2381: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2306:Kettleman City 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1943: 1940: 1911: 1908: 1890: 1887: 1803: 1800: 1792: 1789: 1760: 1757: 1734:Amtrak Thruway 1726:Tehachapi Pass 1682: 1679: 1643: 1640: 1632:Silicon Valley 1612:State Route 33 1604:State Route 41 1600:State Route 46 1568:State Route 58 1542:State Route 99 1519: 1516: 1514: 1513:Transportation 1511: 1509: 1508:Infrastructure 1506: 1466:Mountain House 1456: 1455:Recent changes 1453: 1386:Charles Manson 1373: 1370: 1354:South Belridge 1287: 1284: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1091:John Steinbeck 1082: 1079: 1067: 1064: 1013:War in Vietnam 1011:following the 972: 969: 867: 864: 814: 811: 809: 806: 776: 775:Medical access 773: 741:New Appalachia 716: 713: 704: 701: 697:water security 595: 592: 539: 536: 495:Millerton Lake 487: 484: 421:Central Valley 404: 401: 330:Central Valley 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 233:State Route 99 226: 222: 221: 188: 182: 181: 159: 155: 154: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 67: 66: 63: 55: 54: 51: 43: 42: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6296: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6206: 6205: 6192: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6155:San Francisco 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6130:Most populous 6127: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6040:Santa Barbara 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6020:San Francisco 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5792:Fresno–Madera 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5784:Metro regions 5781: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5769:Victor Valley 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719:Sierra Nevada 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5644:Pomona Valley 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5594:Mojave Desert 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5569:Klamath Basin 5567: 5565: 5564:Inland Empire 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5514:Conejo Valley 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5489:Central Coast 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5479:Cascade Range 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5387:NRHP listings 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5344: 5343:Supreme Court 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5201: 5200: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5160: 5159: 5156: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5001: 4998: 4994: 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Retrieved 4297: 4285:. Retrieved 4273: 4260: 4248:. Retrieved 4236: 4228:Moore, Eli. 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4199: 4186: 4174:. Retrieved 4162: 4103: 4090: 4074: 4061: 4048: 4023:. Retrieved 4016: 4003: 3991:. Retrieved 3982: 3973: 3961:. Retrieved 3949: 3945: 3932: 3913: 3907: 3891: 3830: 3826: 3816: 3802: 3768: 3754:(1): 55–70. 3751: 3747: 3737: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3646: 3626: 3614:. Retrieved 3605: 3579: 3553: 3547: 3528: 3516:. Retrieved 3512:the original 3507: 3498: 3488:November 13, 3486:. Retrieved 3477: 3468: 3456:. Retrieved 3442: 3434: 3430: 3421: 3401: 3394: 3375: 3363:. Retrieved 3352:The Guardian 3351: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3287: 3275: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3249: 3237:. Retrieved 3233: 3224: 3217: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3187:. Retrieved 3181: 3151:. Retrieved 3147: 3137: 3125:. Retrieved 3122:water.ca.gov 3121: 3112: 3100:. Retrieved 3095: 3086: 3074: 3062:. Retrieved 3058:the original 3053: 3044: 3029:. 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901:Kingsburg 877:Assyrians 846:, led by 800:with the 623:Kitanemuk 610:in 1772. 528:Lake Webb 524:Kern Lake 403:Geography 168:(north), 70:Geography 6150:San Jose 6105:Tuolumne 6065:Siskiyou 5965:Monterey 5940:Mariposa 5895:Imperial 5890:Humboldt 5827:Counties 5392:Politics 5355:Abortion 5333:governor 4817:Rosedale 4812:Rosamond 4707:Corcoran 4702:Coalinga 4528:Stockton 4460:Counties 4395:Archived 4376:Archived 4357:Archived 4338:Archived 4311:Archived 4278:Archived 4241:Archived 4204:Archived 4167:Archived 4165:. 2006. 4136:Archived 4108:Archived 4079:Archived 4053:Archived 3993:March 5, 3987:Archived 3954:Archived 3896:Archived 3863:21251437 3855:20056967 3847:20721155 3760:40986967 3610:Archived 3536:Archived 3482:Archived 3452:Archived 3383:Archived 3332:Croatian 3320:Archived 2943:Archived 2914:Archived 2890:33085697 2842:PLOS ONE 2760:11426561 2534:See also 2444:Bass-Rap 2397:nu metal 2376:Woodlake 2261:Coalinga 2117:Corcoran 2089:Stockton 1985:Nitrates 1895:plethora 1828:gasoline 1785:efficacy 1773:Rotating 1710:Stockton 1653:terminal 1482:Wal-Mart 1410:Coalinga 1382:Corcoran 1334:Flying J 1276:hectares 1269:suburban 1178:legends 1121:Arkansas 1117:Oklahoma 1099:and the 998:Stockton 769:Stockton 746:In 2011 564:Corcoran 544:tule fog 516:Holocene 478:and the 381:Stockton 341:Northern 176:(west), 164:(east), 87:Stockton 75:Location 6185:Anaheim 6175:Oakland 6110:Ventura 6095:Trinity 5835:Alameda 5469:Big Sur 5456:Regions 5431:Symbols 5362:History 5323:Capitol 5301:ecology 5296:climate 5269:Economy 5217:Culture 4832:Shafter 4797:Reedley 4787:Parlier 4782:Oakdale 4767:Mendota 4752:Lindsay 4675:10k-25k 4659:Turlock 4629:Oildale 4619:Manteca 4599:Lemoore 4594:Lathrop 4589:Hanford 4574:Atwater 4567:25k-99k 4556:Visalia 4551:Modesto 3709:Bibcode 3682:7434845 3365:July 8, 3038:Alt URL 2949:May 27, 2923:May 27, 2881:7577470 2850:Bibcode 2736:Rivers. 2500:Fashawn 2401:R&B 2389:country 2351:Parlier 2336:Mendota 2321:Lindsay 2296:Hughson 2291:Gustine 2271:Escalon 2227:Turlock 2212:Shafter 2192:Reedley 2177:Oakdale 2167:Manteca 2147:Lemoore 2142:Lathrop 2137:Hanford 2107:Atwater 2094:Visalia 2084:Modesto 2045:endemic 2031:, is a 1867:Houston 1844:ammonia 1718:Oakland 1616:Ventura 1572:Barstow 1554:U.S. 50 1550:U.S. 99 1462:exurban 1433:Atwater 1425:Hanford 1378:prisons 1233:almonds 1225:raisins 1198:Economy 1168:Oildale 1149:Alabama 1133:Detroit 1125:Chicago 1060:Lathrop 1049:Visalia 1021:Laotian 986:Modesto 981:Punjabi 953:Reedley 937:Midwest 929:English 921:Basques 913:Germans 905:Swedish 881:Turlock 873:Azorean 852:strikes 835:bracero 765:Modesto 748:Forbes, 715:Poverty 631:Chumash 584:Hanford 538:Climate 437:Temblor 393:Visalia 385:Modesto 318:Spanish 220: 180:(south) 147:Manteca 127:Hanford 115:Visalia 103:Turlock 99:Modesto 38:Spanish 6160:Fresno 6132:cities 6100:Tulare 6090:Tehama 6085:Sutter 6075:Sonoma 6070:Solano 6060:Sierra 6055:Shasta 5990:Plumas 5985:Placer 5980:Orange 5975:Nevada 5950:Merced 5930:Madera 5920:Lassen 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