422:
of beautiful girls, and, clad in glittering armour, rode a splendid horse, swinging the battle axe with which he shattered the helmet and head of many an enemy He spoke several languages The asses in his army were more luxuriously cared for than the servants of the
401:
likewise fled the city, Christian came to his assistance at
Tusculum, which the Romans were besieging. He defeated the Romans twice and saved the pope and the city once again. He caught the same malarial fever which had killed 2,000 after Monte Porzio, though
393:
and was prepared to send his captive to
Constantinople as a hostage, but Manuel finally refused the suggestion. After Christian's liberation he continued in Viterbo, even taking in the pope, who had left Rome.
316:
between
Emperor and Pope, in which the Emperor formally acknowledged Alexander as pope and abandoned his own antipope, Callistus III. He thus received the recognition of Alexander III and received the
602:
253:
took place on May 29. The Roman and Papal troops were defeated, Tusculum preserved, and the road opened to Rome. The emperor and his antipope entered Rome, but the onset of
257:
weather cut down 2,000 men, including
Rainald of Dassel. Christian was appointed archchancellor of Italy in his place. The next year, he assisted the Romans in razing
199:
124:
190:
in
Maastricht, and accompanied the emperor on his Italian expedition of 1163. In 1165, Conrad of Wittelsbach refused to recognise the imperial antipope,
163:
516:
406:
suggests he drank from a poisoned fountain. He died at
Tusculum and was buried there. Conrad of Wittelsbach was again made archbishop of Mainz.
378:
374:
330:
Not only a diplomat, in 1171, Christian had accompanied
Frederick into Italy again. He attacked all cities aligned with Alexander. Allied with
369:, which reversed all the acts of Paschal III. He then turned to defend Viterbo from Conrad, whom he captured and who then captured him at
489:
194:. Frederick and Paschal immediately appointed Christian to the bishopric and he was recognised throughout the empire, but not by
269:
After returning to
Germany, where he made one of only two visits of his career to Mainz, he mediated between Frederick and the
112:
409:
Christian was a diplomat and a soldier, never a prelate, throughout his life. His legacy and character are summed up by
167:
107:
from 1165 until his death in 1183. He was originally elected archbishop in 1160 in a disputed election. He served the
361:
was staying. He forced his surrender to
Alexander and the subjection of the city, which had begged the assistance of
249:
outside the city. The Romans spurned all attempts by
Christian at diplomatic resolution and attacked. The momentous
139:
129:
342:, later accounted an Italian national heroine, had an important role in the city's resistance. In 1174, he sacked
159:
597:
289:
221:
for opposing the emperor and Paschal. Then, in May, the Romans amassed a large army of 40,000 and besieged
214:
by force, and Christian accompanied him. On 4 March, he was consecrated priest and the next day, bishop.
187:
607:
242:
505:
418:
Christian was one of the greatest princes of his age, a jovial knight until his death, kept a
358:
250:
552:
155:
612:
570:
560:
474:
410:
366:
234:
171:
617:
536:
485:
362:
301:
147:
135:
47:
206:, harassed the Romans, procured a treaty whereby they would recognise Paschal, and sacked
8:
577:
543:
285:
281:
108:
96:
331:
309:
293:
195:
104:
444:
390:
386:
230:
226:
403:
313:
305:
527:
398:
183:
37:
510:
273:
270:
258:
100:
150:, Mainz was placed under an interdict. Some of the cathedral's canons fled to
591:
382:
237:
and archchancellor of Italy. Help was then requested from Christian, then in
246:
353:
On 12 March 1178, Christian escorted the pope into Rome. He then besieged
191:
373:
in September and held him prisoner for fifteen months in the castle of
202:
was held, proclaiming Frederick's intentions. Christian marched into
151:
143:
370:
222:
354:
339:
335:
318:
297:
254:
211:
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and there elected Christian archbishop. Others, however, elected
603:
12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Holy Roman Empire
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Christian then set out on the warpath. He ferociously repressed
238:
207:
203:
419:
389:, Conrad benefited from the financial support of the Emperor
347:
343:
277:
218:
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between Eastern and Western churches, which brought him to
142:, who helped him to the position of cathedral provost of
312:. In 1177, he was one of the chief negotiators of the
210:. In 1167, Frederick set out to impose Paschal in the
241:. With 1,300 Germans and Brabantines, and the men of
288:. It was Christian's idea to crown Frederick's son
589:
138:. He entered the church under the patronage of
338:in 1173, but was forced to retreat; the widow
146:. In 1160, with the murder of the Archbishop
517:Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
95:, was a German prelate and nobleman. He was
473:
91:. 1130 – 23 August 1183), sometimes
16:German prelate and nobleman (1165 to 1183)
325:
177:
479:Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part II
385:. According to the Byzantine historian
300:in June 1169. He also tried to end the
174:to the episcopal seat on 20 June 1161.
590:
365:. In March 1179, he took part in the
13:
491:The History of the Siege of Ancona
14:
629:
498:
170:depose both candidates and raise
308:in 1170 as an ambassador of the
140:Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia
123:Christian was of the family of
454:
438:
134:and ruled the small county of
1:
245:, Christian encamped beside
182:Christian became provost of
160:Emperor Frederick Barbarossa
118:
7:
264:
188:Basilica of Saint Servatius
10:
634:
467:
575:
567:
557:
541:
533:
526:
74:
66:
61:
53:
43:
33:
28:
21:
431:
243:Robert II of Bassunvilla
229:called in the forces of
225:, where the imperialist
162:, however, convened the
186:in 1162, as well as in
528:Catholic Church titles
475:Gregorovius, Ferdinand
426:
359:Antipope Callistus III
326:Second trip into Italy
251:Battle of Monte Porzio
415:
367:Third Lateran Council
276:. In 1168, he was in
235:archbishop of Cologne
178:First trip into Italy
172:Conrad of Wittelsbach
598:Archbishops of Mainz
486:Boncompagno da Signa
363:Conrad of Montferrat
280:, mediating between
48:Archdiocese of Mainz
578:Archbishop of Mainz
544:Archbishop of Mainz
460:Gregorovius, p. 610
286:Louis VII of France
282:Henry II of England
156:Rudolf of Zähringen
109:Emperor Frederick I
97:Archbishop of Mainz
29:Archbishop of Mainz
451:p. 201 van Dieten.
310:Holy Roman Emperor
294:King of the Romans
196:Pope Alexander III
115:on two occasions.
93:Christian von Buch
586:
585:
558:Succeeded by
445:Niketas Choniates
391:Manuel I Komnenos
387:Niketas Choniates
381:, and finally in
231:Rainald of Dassel
111:as a diplomat in
82:
81:
625:
608:German diplomats
582:1165–1183
568:Preceded by
534:Preceded by
524:
523:
520:
482:
461:
458:
452:
442:
404:Roger of Hoveden
314:Treaty of Venice
200:Diet of WĂĽrzburg
133:
62:Personal details
19:
18:
633:
632:
628:
627:
626:
624:
623:
622:
588:
587:
581:
573:
563:
549:
548:1160–1161
547:
539:
504:
501:
470:
465:
464:
459:
455:
443:
439:
434:
399:Pope Lucius III
336:besieged Ancona
328:
267:
184:Mainz Cathedral
180:
148:Arnold of Mainz
127:
121:
38:Catholic Church
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
631:
621:
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615:
610:
605:
600:
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574:
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530:
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511:Germania Sacra
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499:External links
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397:In 1181, when
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274:Henry the Lion
266:
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179:
176:
168:Pope Victor IV
120:
117:
101:Archchancellor
80:
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78:23 August 1183
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515:(in German).
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506:"Christian I"
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383:Acquapendente
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356:
351:
349:
346:and in 1176,
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164:Synod of Lodi
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613:1130s births
576:
550:
542:
513:people index
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490:
478:
456:
448:
440:
427:
417:
416:
408:
396:
379:Rocca Venere
375:San Flaviano
357:, where the
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329:
317:
302:Great Schism
268:
247:Monte Porzio
216:
181:
122:
92:
88:
84:
83:
618:1183 deaths
411:Gregorovius
227:Count Raino
192:Paschal III
128: [
125:Beichlingen
85:Christian I
23:Christian I
592:Categories
377:, then in
271:Saxon duke
449:Histories
152:Frankfurt
144:Merseburg
119:Biography
57:1165–1183
54:In office
477:(1905).
423:Emperor.
371:Camerino
265:Diplomat
255:malarial
223:Tusculum
166:and had
468:Sources
355:Viterbo
340:Stamira
319:pallium
298:Bamberg
212:Lateran
105:Germany
70:c. 1130
44:Diocese
571:Conrad
561:Conrad
553:Rudolf
537:Arnold
332:Venice
306:Greece
259:Albano
239:Ancona
233:, the
208:Anagni
204:Latium
198:. The
158:. The
34:Church
551:with
432:Notes
420:harem
348:Fermo
344:Terni
334:, he
290:Henry
278:Rouen
219:Narni
136:Bucha
132:]
113:Italy
284:and
99:and
75:Died
67:Born
296:at
292:as
103:of
594::
508:.
488:.
447:,
428:.
413::
350:.
322:.
261:.
130:de
519:.
493:.
481:.
89:c
87:(
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