183:
89:
417:
361:
505:
475:
151:(CPGB). Taking the pseudonym "Chris Jones" to avoid victimisation by his employer, Braithwaite had joined the CPGB by 1931. He helped distribute the
217:. Braithwaite, Padmore and James continued to oppose the CPGB, turning up together to heckle CPGB meetings. Braithwaite and Padmore worked with the
397:
413:
271:
314:
495:
470:
424:
179:
194:
407:
500:
171:
in resigning from the CPGB in protest at the implicit shift away from anti-imperialism involved with the emerging "
148:
297:
255:
Christian Høgsbjerg, "Mariner, renegade and castaway: Chris
Braithwaite, seamen’s organiser and Pan-Africanist",
485:
105:
307:
490:
480:
428:
382:
160:
218:
210:
144:
390:
343:
20:
438:
147:, and in 1930 joined the Seamen's Minority Movement, a rank-and-file group organised by the
465:
460:
8:
129:
206:
137:
403:
222:
276:
232:
He died from pneumonia on 9 September 1944, survived by his wife and six children.
322:
257:
164:
198:
168:
213:. Braithwaite wrote a monthly column, "Seamen's Notes", for the IASB journal,
454:
444:
236:
202:
172:
121:
186:- which included Asian seamen alongside other black colonial seamen; whilst
226:
187:
156:
117:
113:
348:
108:
as a teenager and travelled the world as a sailor. He then settled in
432:
101:
85:
44:
197:(IASB), established in May 1937, whose members included Padmore,
133:
109:
112:
and founded a family, before rejoining the
Merchant Navy during
447:, London, in 2017–18 inspired by the life of Chris Braithwaite.
125:
383:
Chris
Braithwaite and the International African Service Bureau
272:"The inspiring fight of socialist seafarer Chris Braithwaite"
418:
Dictionary of
Caribbean and Afro-Latin American Biography
402:(London: Socialist History Society / Redwords, 2014),
261:, Vol. 53, No. 2 (October–December 2011), pp. 36–57.
375:
19:For the Trinidad and Tobago Olympic sprinter, see
399:Chris Braithwaite: Mariner, Renegade and Castaway
235:In 2023, 'Chris Braithwaite House' was opened in
452:
385:- talk by Chris Braithwaite's granddaughter at
435:which featured Chris Braithwaite in 2017–18.
355:
71:Leader of the Colonial Seamen's Association
315:"British Shipping (Assistance) Act (1935)"
506:Communist Party of Great Britain members
476:Barbadian emigrants to the United States
421:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
344:"Chris Jones: Fighter for the Oppressed"
124:for a while, before moving to settle in
132:. He married a white woman, Edna, from
84:(1885 – 9 September 1944), was a black
453:
336:
292:
290:
288:
286:
221:(ILP) and with ILP intellectuals like
193:He became organising secretary of the
180:British Shipping (Assistance) Act 1935
425:"Black Salt: Britain's Black Sailors"
302:Encyclopedia of Afro-European Studies
195:International African Service Bureau
16:Baebadian trade unionist (1885–1944)
443:- art exhibition by Basil Olton in
283:
143:Braithwaite became a member of the
104:, Braithwaite went to sea with the
13:
14:
517:
376:Further reading / external links
149:Communist Party of Great Britain
496:British Merchant Navy personnel
471:Barbadian emigrants to England
264:
249:
163:, publicising the case of the
1:
242:
215:International African Opinion
184:Colonial Seamen's Association
140:, and they lived in Stepney.
90:Colonial Seamen's Association
7:
190:was secretary at the time.
10:
522:
429:Merseyside Maritime Museum
182:, Braithwaite founded the
178:In 1935, opposing the new
18:
362:"Chris Braithwaite House"
161:Negro Welfare Association
67:
51:
37:
30:
381:Dorothy Rose du Boulay,
219:Independent Labour Party
211:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
145:National Union of Seamen
501:British trade unionists
391:Black Cultural Archives
95:
167:. In 1933 he followed
88:who was leader of the
21:Christopher Brathwaite
486:Black British history
414:"Chris M Braithwaite"
412:Christian Høgsbjerg,
396:Christian Høgsbjerg,
296:Christian Høgsbjerg,
270:Christian Høgsbjerg,
106:British merchant navy
239:, named after him.
440:A Necessary Fiction
387:Rastafari in Motion
298:"Chris Braithwaite"
280:, 25 February 2014.
130:Shipping Federation
491:British communists
207:Amy Ashwood Garvey
159:helped launch the
128:, working for the
481:Barbadian sailors
352:, September 1944.
223:Reginald Reynolds
78:Chris Braithwaite
75:
74:
59:(aged 58–59)
32:Chris Braithwaite
513:
427:– Exhibition at
369:
359:
353:
342:George Padmore,
340:
334:
333:
331:
329:
311:
305:
294:
281:
277:Socialist Worker
268:
262:
258:Race & Class
253:
80:, also known as
58:
55:9 September 1944
28:
27:
521:
520:
516:
515:
514:
512:
511:
510:
451:
450:
378:
373:
372:
360:
356:
341:
337:
327:
325:
323:Open University
313:
312:
308:
295:
284:
269:
265:
254:
250:
245:
165:Scottsboro Boys
98:
63:
60:
56:
47:
42:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
519:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
449:
448:
436:
422:
410:
394:
393:, August 2016.
377:
374:
371:
370:
354:
335:
319:Making Britain
306:
282:
263:
247:
246:
244:
241:
199:C. L. R. James
169:George Padmore
97:
94:
92:in the 1930s.
73:
72:
69:
68:Known for
65:
64:
61:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
518:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
456:
446:
445:Tower Hamlets
442:
441:
437:
434:
430:
426:
423:
420:
419:
415:
411:
409:
408:9781909026568
405:
401:
400:
395:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:
367:
363:
358:
351:
350:
345:
339:
324:
320:
316:
310:
303:
299:
293:
291:
289:
287:
279:
278:
273:
267:
260:
259:
252:
248:
240:
238:
237:Tower Hamlets
233:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:Jomo Kenyatta
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
173:Popular Front
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:New York City
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
70:
66:
54:
50:
46:
40:
36:
29:
26:
22:
439:
416:
398:
386:
366:TowerHamlets
365:
357:
347:
338:
326:. Retrieved
318:
309:
301:
275:
266:
256:
251:
234:
231:
227:Ethel Mannin
214:
192:
177:
175:" strategy.
153:Negro Worker
152:
142:
136:in London's
120:he lived in
99:
81:
77:
76:
57:(1944-09-09)
25:
466:1944 deaths
461:1885 births
188:Surat Alley
157:Arnold Ward
155:, and with
118:World War I
114:World War I
82:Chris Jones
455:Categories
349:New Leader
243:References
433:Liverpool
328:7 January
86:Barbadian
138:East End
116:. After
102:Barbados
100:Born in
62:Barbados
45:Barbados
134:Stepney
110:Chicago
406:
126:London
404:ISBN
330:2018
225:and
209:and
96:Life
52:Died
41:1885
38:Born
431:in
457::
389:,
364:,
346:,
321:.
317:.
300:,
285:^
274:,
229:.
205:,
201:,
368:.
332:.
304:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.