1521:
77:
870:
1314:. It is the most ancient prototype of an Italian singing fairy tale by an anonymous Tuscan author. It tells the story of a young Italian knight, depleted for its "magnanimitas", who wins the love of a fairy. When he loses this love because he does not comply with her conditions, Gherardino reconquers his lady after a series of labours, including the prison where he is rescued by another woman and a tournament that he wins. Other examples of Italian (Tuscan) poetry tales are
1557:, Roland, though betrothed to Oliver's sister, does not think of her during the course of events. The themes of love were, however, to soon appear, particularly in the Matter of Britain, leading to even the French regarding King Arthur's court as the exemplar of true and noble love, so much so that even the earliest writers about courtly love would claim it had reached its true excellence there, and love was not what it was in King Arthur's day. A perennial theme was
1394:, the son of an (unnamed) emperor of Rome wears the clothing of a sober Italian citizen, and when his stepmother attempts to seduce him, her clothing is described in medieval terminology. When Priam sends Paris to Greece in a 14th-century work, Priam is dressed in the mold of Charlemagne, and Paris is dressed demurely, but in Greece, he adopts the flashier style, with multicolored clothing and fashionable shoes, cut in lattice-work—signs of a seducer in the era.
1464:), the behavior of Lancelot conforms to the courtly love ideal; it also, though still full of adventure, devotes an unprecedented amount of time to dealing with the psychological aspects of the love. By the end of the 14th century, counter to the earliest formulations, many French and English romances combined courtly love, with love sickness and devotion on the man's part, with the couple's subsequent marriage; this featured in
1948:(Byzantium) – including their love affairs – and where a predominantly oral tradition which survived in the Balkans and Anatolia until modern times. This genre may have intermingled with its Western counterparts during the long occupation of Byzantine territories by French and Italian knights after the 4th crusade. This is suggested by later works in the Greek language which show influences from both traditions.
1117:
3597:
38:
1289:
Early persecuted heroines were often driven from their husbands' homes by the persecutions of their mothers-in-law, whose motives are seldom delineated, and whose accusations are of the heroines' having borne monstrous children, committed infanticide, or practiced witchcraft — all of which appear in
1102:
The romantic form pursued the wish-fulfillment dream where the heroes and heroines were considered representations of the ideals of the age while the villains embodied the threat to their ascendancy. There is also a persistent archetype, which involved a hero's quest. This quest or journey served as
1387:
of the Middle Ages by the changes of the 12th century, which introduced courtly and chivalrous themes into the works. This occurred regardless of congruity to the source material; Alexander the Great featured as a fully feudal king. Chivalry was treated as continuous from Roman times. This extended
1300:
and many others. As time progressed, a new persecutor appeared: a courtier who was rejected by the woman or whose ambition requires her removal, and who accuses her of adultery or high treason, motifs not duplicated in fairy tales. While he never eliminates the mother-in-law, many romances such as
2102:
Despite the popularity of this popular meaning of
Romance, other works are still referred to as romances because of their uses of other elements descended from the medieval romance, or from the Romantic movement: larger-than-life heroes and heroines, drama and adventure, marvels that may become
1793:
From the high Middle Ages, in works of piety, clerical critics often deemed romances to be harmful worldly distractions from more substantive or moral works, and by 1600 many secular readers would agree; in the judgement of many learned readers in the shifting intellectual atmosphere of the 17th
1098:
by heavy use of marvelous events, the elements of love, and the frequent use of a web of interwoven stories, rather than a simple plot unfolding about a main character. The earliest forms were invariably in verse, but the 15th century saw many in prose, often retelling the old, rhymed versions.
1785:
and other 16th-century literary works in the romance genre. The romances were freely drawn upon for royal pageantry. Queen
Elizabeth I's Accession Day tilts, for instance, drew freely on the multiplicity of incident from romances for the knights' disguises. Knights even assumed the names of
1433:. Ovid was used as a source for tales of Jason and Medea, which were cast in romance in a more fairy-tale-like form, probably closer to the older forms than Ovid's rhetoric. It also drew upon the traditions of magic that were attributed to such figures as Virgil.
1342:
The
Arthurian cycle as a Medieval work has also been noted to contains many magical or supernatural references. Drawing from many different sources, some notable allusions include elements of Christianity (an example being the multiple references to the
1397:
Historical figures reappeared, reworked, in romance. The entire Matter of France derived from known figures, and suffered somewhat because their descendants had an interest in the tales that were told of their ancestors, unlike the Matter of
Britain.
1870:, who exalted Greek and Latin classics and classical forms, an attack that was not in that century very effective among the common readers. In England, romances continued; heavily rhetorical, they often had complex plots and high sentiment, such as in
1107:
identified a basic form for this genre and it involved an order that began with initial situation, then followed by departure, complication, first move, second move, and resolution. This structure is also applicable to romance narratives.
1636:
During the early 13th century, romances were increasingly written as prose, and extensively amplified through cycles of continuation. These were collated in the vast, polymorphous manuscript witnesses comprising what is now known as the
1402:
reappeared in romance, endowed with a fairy mother who arrived in a ship with silk sails and departed when forced to behold the sacrament, bare-handed combat with a lion, magical rings, and prophetic dreams.
1818:
also lampoons the faded conventions of chivalrous romance, from an ironic, consciously realistic viewpoint. Some of the magical and exotic atmosphere of
Romance informed tragedies for the stage, such as
2041:
used the term to distinguish his works as romances rather than novels, and literary criticism of the 19th century often accepted the contrast between the romance and the novel, in such works as
1672:. Prose literature thus increasingly dominated the expression of romance narrative in the later Middle Ages, at least until the resurgence of verse during the high Renaissance in the oeuvres of
3552:
2076:. It was translated twenty-two times into English, 20 times into German, and into many other European languages, including modern Icelandic in 1866. Their influence on authors such as
1074:. During the early 13th century, romances were increasingly written as prose. In later romances, particularly those of French origin, there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of
1812:, is a satirical story of an elderly country gentleman, living in La Mancha province, who is so obsessed by chivalric romances that he seeks to emulate their various heroes.)
3627:
1250:
The earliest medieval romances dealt heavily with themes from folklore, which diminished over time, though remaining a presence. Many early tales had the knight, such as
1472:
1697:; it soon expanded to similar indigenous creations. The early fourteenth century saw the emergence of Scandinavian verse romance in Sweden under the patronage of Queen
1276:, she studies magic rather than being inherently magical. Similarly, knights lose magical abilities. Still, fairies never completely vanished from the tradition.
2215:
1407:'s early life appeared in chronicles as the embellished, romantic adventures of an exile, complete with rescuing princesses and wrestling with bears.
2960:
Jolly, Karen Louise; Raudvere, Catharina; Peters, Edward; Ankarloo, Bengt; Clark, Stuart (2002). "Medieval Magic: Definitions, Beliefs, Practices".
1655:, perhaps its final installment. These texts, together with a wide range of further Arthurian material, such as that found in the anonymous English
1103:
the structure that held the narrative together. With regards to the structure, scholars recognize the similarity of the romance to folk tales.
3560:
1500:
was altered, to allow him to marry
Belyssant. Similarly, Iberian romances of the 14th century praised monogamy and marriage in such tales as
961:. It developed further from the epics as time went on; in particular, "the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the
1736:
high culture, the important
European literary trend was to fantastic fictions in the mode of Romance. Exemplary work, such as the English
1896:
1496:
1944:, though they developed simultaneously but separately. These songs dealt with the hardships and adventures of the border guards of the
3809:
2310:
3634:
1765:(1508), spawned many imitators, and the genre was popularly well-received, producing such masterpiece of Renaissance poetry as
2103:
fantastic, themes of honor and loyalty, or fairy-tale-like stories and story settings. Shakespeare's later comedies, such as
3536:
3502:
3392:
3367:
3300:
3269:
3229:
3176:
3115:
3066:
2969:
2900:
2835:
2737:
2644:
2611:
2586:
2544:
1411:, an outlaw in King John's day, has his historical background a minor thread in the episodic stream of romantic adventures.
1365:, with intermediate forms where the feudal bonds of loyalty had giants, or a magical horn, added to the plot. The epics of
2303:
898:
3601:
2691:
The
Literature of Hope in the Middle Ages and Today: Connections in Medieval Romance, Modern Fantasy, and Science Fiction
2173:
2064:
1794:
century, the romance was trite and childish literature, inspiring only broken-down ageing and provincial persons such as
1175:
In reality, a number of "non-cyclical" romances were written without any such connection; these include such romances as
648:
1307:
have later variants that change from the mother-in-law to the courtier, whereas a more recent version never goes back.
17:
1454:
2208:
1278:
3752:
2703:
2672:
2506:
2116:
549:
2249:
2402:
3876:
3871:
3712:
3707:
2964:. Witchcraft and Magic in Europe. Vol. 3. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 68.
1520:
1962:
In later romances, particularly those of French origin, there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of
2377:
58:
3820:
3747:
3556:
2578:
2490:
2434:
2259:
1957:
789:
774:
688:
1539:, often of super-human ability, who, abiding chivalry's strict codes of honor and demeanor, goes on a
1445:
was not one of the original elements of the genre, but quickly became very important when introduced.
3846:
3737:
3662:
2728:
Medieval
Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of the Non-Cyclic Metrical Romances
1999:
1871:
1266:, but these fairy characters were transformed, more and more often, into wizards and enchantresses.
3866:
3861:
3851:
3717:
3702:
3692:
2194:
2143:, writing of the use of grotesque in fiction, talked of its use in "the modern romance tradition."
1609:
1589:
1227:
1213:
891:
356:
1128:, with three thematic cycles of tales: these were assembled in imagination at a late date as the "
3856:
3778:
2995:
2536:
1830:
1825:
1055:
828:
799:
794:
259:
3359:
3353:
1330:("Lioness Lady"). Another work of a second anonymous Italian author that is worth mentioning is
3783:
3732:
3620:
3429:
2282:
2159:
1621:
1478:
1296:
983:
838:
280:
3528:
3522:
3292:
2636:
2099:
between two people; these novels must have an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending."
1644:
3788:
3768:
3682:
2888:
2695:
2689:
2422:
1979:
1693:
or chivalric sagas. The genre began in thirteenth-century Norway with translations of French
1597:
1569:
1399:
1234:
cycle"—referring not to a continuity of character and setting, but to the recognizable plot.
1165:
1094:, the genre of romance dealt with traditional themes. These were distinguished from earlier
1043:
804:
769:
753:
724:
229:
2153:
2119:. Modern works may differentiate from love-story as romance into different genres, such as
1375:, already had feudalism rather than the tribal loyalties; this was to continue in romances.
53:
3677:
3494:
3488:
3287:
2268:
2255:
2233:
2226:
2140:
2111:
1945:
1886:
1867:
1855:
1781:
1738:
1668:
1315:
1272:
1231:
1067:
539:
411:
76:
2020:
1698:
8:
3742:
2989:
2573:
2451:
2370:
2201:
2180:
2038:
1881:
1809:
1558:
1544:
1390:
1303:
1263:
1207:
1133:
1002:
939:
884:
743:
451:
371:
346:
250:
1051:
3722:
3697:
3422:
2893:
An
Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hoglobins, Brownies, Bogies and Othersupernatural Creatures
2726:
2384:
2289:
2132:
2124:
2058:
1993:
1585:
1553:
1484:
1449:
1421:
1071:
1032:
1024:
819:
748:
733:
643:
503:
433:
428:
396:
386:
351:
224:
3262:
To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts Over Marriage Choice, 1574-1821
2244:
1761:
1508:
3532:
3498:
3433:
3388:
3363:
3296:
3265:
3225:
3172:
3111:
3062:
2965:
2939:
2931:
2896:
2841:
2831:
2733:
2699:
2668:
2640:
2629:
2607:
2582:
2550:
2540:
2500:
2275:
2238:
2120:
1984:
1617:
1430:
1404:
1157:
1091:
874:
843:
833:
607:
508:
381:
366:
315:
212:
1547:. The Matter of France, most popular early, did not lend itself to the subject of
3687:
2396:
2342:
2322:
2317:
2263:
2077:
2034:
2011:
the depiction of the course of such a courtship within contemporary conventions of
1917:
1766:
1755:
1716:
1673:
1605:
1361:
1356:
1259:
1201:
1183:
1141:
963:
935:
784:
530:
488:
391:
200:
3727:
3518:
3291:(3rd print ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p.
2439:
2391:
2356:
2136:
2128:
2046:
1937:
1845:
1771:
1601:
1502:
1019:
is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre, and the word
858:
815:
559:
416:
406:
140:
84:
1689:
1226:
Indeed, some tales are found so often that scholars group them together as the "
3814:
3773:
2479:
2467:
2456:
2096:
2081:
2012:
2003:(1791) with erotic content to novels centered on the episodic development of a
1974:
1908:
1850:
1776:
1703:
1681:
1677:
1656:
1638:
1581:
1460:
1426:
1408:
1129:
1104:
1063:
924:
912:
779:
683:
498:
421:
310:
217:
2909:
2554:
1866:, also, the romance genre was bitterly attacked as barbarous and silly by the
3840:
3657:
3643:
3437:
3257:
2943:
2845:
2660:
2473:
2092:
2085:
2016:
1988:
1933:
1663:
1466:
1267:
950:
853:
693:
653:
401:
376:
361:
300:
31:
2447:
2443:
2349:
2220:
1963:
1891:
1548:
1442:
1355:
The Medieval romance developed out of the medieval epic, in particular the
1283:
1172:); medieval authors explicitly described these as comprising all romances.
1075:
568:
493:
295:
195:
183:
1124:
Overwhelmingly, these were linked in some way, perhaps only in an opening
3825:
2568:
2495:
2461:
2428:
2166:
2105:
2042:
2024:
2008:
1983:– the connotations of "romance" moved from fantastic and eerie, somewhat
1863:
1835:
1820:
1804:
1795:
1787:
1733:
1577:
1573:
1561:, a theme that would remain throughout the romances of the medieval era.
1543:, and fights and defeats monsters and giants, thereby winning favor with
1384:
1366:
1251:
1161:
1145:
1125:
1095:
1059:
1047:
1016:
1011:
968:
931:
715:
554:
544:
442:
285:
155:
145:
118:
1608:(a translation of the anonymous AN Lai d'Haveloc); around the same time
1494:
even explicitly describes the married couple as lovers, and the plot of
3804:
3667:
2512:
2485:
2335:
1565:
1344:
1291:
1169:
1137:
1039:
991:
705:
627:
483:
461:
103:
68:
1951:
2985:
2363:
2187:
2007:
that ends in marriage. With a female protagonist, during the rise of
2004:
1799:
1593:
1529:
1177:
1006:
943:
927:
848:
245:
150:
108:
1628:
translated classic French romance narrative into the German tongue.
1452:, combining it with the Matter of Britain, new to French poets. In
2296:
1876:
1814:
1729:
1711:
1625:
1490:
1189:
947:
738:
678:
468:
113:
93:
30:"Literary romance" redirects here. For the contemporary genre, see
3171:. Oxford Paperbacks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 23.
1195:
3493:(12th print ed.). New York: Farrar, Straus Giroux. p.
3355:
Splendor at Court: Renaissance Spectacle and the Theater of Power
2416:
2073:
2069:
2053:
2029:
1902:
1613:
1371:
1153:
710:
587:
473:
456:
337:
305:
290:
275:
133:
49:
3612:
3607:
3087:
1116:
3596:
3524:
Writing With Intent: Essays, Reviews, Personal Prose, 1983-2005
3220:
in Late Fourteenth Century England". In Sayers, Dorothy (ed.).
2328:
1840:
1536:
1219:
1149:
1028:
994:, and history to suit the readers' and hearers' tastes, but by
987:
979:
700:
673:
622:
617:
592:
577:
190:
162:
123:
45:
37:
1790:, or the coat-of-arms of such figures as Lancelot or Tristan.
2780:. Oxford University Press for the Early English Text Society.
1540:
1255:
1242:
Many influences are clear in the forms of chivalric romance.
1087:
975:
958:
920:
597:
582:
478:
255:
207:
178:
98:
41:
3424:
English Literature in the Sixteenth Century: Excluding Drama
3385:
The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry
3136:
2807:
2795:
2088:
and on the subsequent modern fantasy genre is considerable.
974:
Popular literature also drew on themes of romance, but with
2959:
2852:
2783:
2095:, which is a subgenre that focuses on the relationship and
1533:
1120:
Holger Danske, or Ogier the Dane, from the Matter of France
954:
602:
128:
3574:
2758:
2746:
3401:
3333:
612:
3468:
2864:
3224:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. pp. 132–133.
3038:
1723:
3238:
1334:("Story of three desperate boys and three fairies").
971:, in which masculine military heroism predominates."
3456:
3444:
2091:
Modern usage of term "romance" usually refer to the
1429:
in particular may be derived from such works as the
3527:. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. p.
3321:
3197:
3185:
3169:
The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition
3075:
1383:The romance form is distinguished from the earlier
3421:
3309:
3148:
3124:
3014:
2725:
2628:
1168:, within which was incorporated the quest for the
942:. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled
3061:. London: The British Library. pp. 137–140.
3026:
3002:
1620:(a different Thomas to the author of 'Horn') and
3838:
2635:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.
1798:, knight of the culturally isolated province of
1631:
1559:the rescue of a lady from the imperiling monster
3387:. University of California Press. p. 161.
2991:Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature
2694:. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. pp.
2056:genre developed when the Swedish literary work
1940:and his fellow frontiersmen) resemble much the
2606:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 6.
1973:– usually cited as 1764 at the publication of
1710:Another trend of the high Middle Ages was the
1528:Many medieval romances recount the marvellous
1388:even to such details as clothing; when in the
1332:Istoria di Tre Giovani Disperati e di Tre Fate
1132:" (actually centered on the life and deeds of
1038:Originally, romance literature was written in
3628:
3142:
3093:
2858:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2764:
2752:
2723:
2530:
2045:'s "scientific romances" in the beginning of
1551:, but rather dealt with heroic adventure: in
1425:, show classical pagan origins. Tales of the
892:
3608:The International Courtly Literature Society
3580:
3486:
2926:
2924:
2724:Hibbard, Laura A.; Loomis, Laura A. (1963).
2719:
2717:
2715:
2938:. New York: Gordian Press. pp. 62–63.
2830:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2531:Chris Baldick (2008). "Chivalric Romance".
1564:Originally, this literature was written in
3635:
3621:
2883:
2881:
2879:
1966:, such as faithfulness in adversity. From
1588:– amongst the important Spanish texts was
899:
885:
3264:. Stanford University Press. p. 51.
2955:
2953:
2921:
2825:
2712:
2033:, the elements of romantic seduction and
1952:Relationship to modern "romantic fiction"
1347:) as well as elements of Celtic legends.
1245:
3407:
3339:
3044:
2930:
2891:(1977). "Fairies in medieval romances".
2732:. New York: Burt Franklin. p. iii.
2626:
2311:The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain
1849:(1711), based on a magical interlude in
1714:romance, inspired by the wildly popular
1519:
1115:
48:in order to regain the love of his lady
36:
3545:
2876:
2665:Fantastic Literature: A Critical Reader
2659:
2533:The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
2139:is sometimes termed gaslight romance.
1987:adventure narratives of novelists like
1378:
14:
3839:
3517:
3382:
3351:
3244:
3216:Mathew, Gervase (1981). "Marriage and
3215:
3110:. New York: Dorset Press. p. 12.
2950:
2936:Chaucer's Constance and Accused Queens
2915:
2887:
2667:. Westport, CT: Praeger. p. 108.
1524:A knight rescues a lady from a dragon.
1337:
3616:
3490:Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose
3474:
3462:
3450:
3419:
3327:
3315:
3203:
3191:
3166:
3081:
3056:
2870:
2687:
2601:
2567:
1078:, such as faithfulness in adversity.
3358:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p.
3284:
3256:
3222:Essays Presented to Charles Williams
3130:
3105:
2304:Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle
1592:; notable later English works being
1448:It was introduced to the romance by
1414:
1359:developing out of such tales as the
3428:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p.
3154:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2984:
2895:. New York: Pantheon. p. 132.
2037:were mingled with fear and dread.
1724:Late Medieval and Renaissance forms
1326:("The ugly knight of Britain") and
1310:In Italy there is the story called
24:
1759:, and the Castilian or Portuguese
1286:himself is an otherworldly being.
25:
3888:
3642:
3589:
3288:Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays
1687:In Old Norse, they are the prose
1320:Gismirante, Il Brutto di Bretagna
27:Type of prose and verse narrative
3595:
3553:"Romance Novels--What Are They?"
2174:The Knight in the Panther's Skin
2015:, the female equivalent of the "
1927:
1455:Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart
1350:
868:
75:
3511:
3480:
3413:
3376:
3345:
3278:
3250:
3209:
3160:
3099:
3050:
2978:
2918:, p. 303, "Morgan Le Fay".
2826:Heffernan, Carol Falvo (1976).
2819:
2770:
2209:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
1900:(based on the medieval romance
1436:
1279:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
3108:The Outlaws of Medieval Legend
2681:
2653:
2620:
2595:
2561:
2524:
1786:romantic figures, such as the
1515:
1001:they were out of fashion, and
13:
1:
2994:. London: Macmillan. p.
2631:The Autumn of the Middle Ages
2577:(Canto ed.). Cambridge:
2518:
1967:
1743:
1649:
1632:Forms of the High Middle Ages
1270:never loses her name, but in
1086:Unlike the later form of the
995:
52:. Medieval illumination from
3059:Medieval Dress & Fashion
7:
3487:O'Connor, Flannery (1984).
3106:Keen, Maurice Hugh (1989).
2507:The Tale of Igor's Campaign
2409:
2378:Hertig Fredrik av Normandie
2250:Garci RodrĂguez de Montalvo
2146:
2023:. In gothic novels such as
59:Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion
10:
3893:
3557:Romance Writers of America
2604:A Preface to Paradise Lost
2579:Cambridge University Press
2491:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
2435:Iconography of Charlemagne
2403:Le Roman du Comte d'Artois
1958:Romance (literary fiction)
1955:
1237:
1160:" (the lives and deeds of
1017:modern image of "medieval"
986:intent. Romances reworked
29:
3797:
3761:
3650:
3143:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
3094:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
2859:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
2814:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
2802:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
2790:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
2776:Purdie, Rhiannon. 2001.
2765:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
2753:Hibbard & Loomis 1963
2115:are sometimes called his
2065:Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna
2062:, which was based on the
2000:The Romance of the Forest
1662:, comprised the bases of
1473:Sir Torrent of Portyngale
1111:
957:qualities, who goes on a
3057:Scott, Margaret (2007).
2828:Le Bone Florence of Rome
2627:Huizinga, Johan (1996).
2195:The Squire of Low Degree
2131:was, for a time, termed
1831:Restoration spectaculars
1610:Gottfried von Strassburg
1590:Book of the Knight Zifar
1282:is a late tale, but the
1214:Le Bone Florence of Rome
930:that was popular in the
3383:Strong, Roy C. (1977).
3352:Strong, Roy C. (1973).
3285:Frye, Northrop (1973).
2537:Oxford University Press
2260:The Wife of Bath's Tale
2068:, became successful in
1914:Robert Duke of Normandy
1701:, who commissioned the
1604:of Mestre Thomas), and
1419:Some romances, such as
1164:and the Knights of the
1081:
1070:(Sicilian poetry), and
2283:Sir Eglamour of Artois
2160:Queste del Saint Graal
1922:A Margarite of America
1742:by Sir Thomas Malory (
1643:, with the romance of
1622:Wolfram von Eschenbach
1596:(a translation of the
1525:
1369:, unlike such ones as
1297:The Girl Without Hands
1246:Folklore and folktales
1121:
62:
3789:William Collins, Sons
3420:Lewis, C. S. (1954).
3167:Lewis, C. S. (1995).
2602:Lewis, C. S. (1961).
2423:Chinese knight-errant
1980:The Castle of Otranto
1523:
1400:Richard Coeur de Lion
1119:
1031:, and other romantic
875:Literature portal
40:
3779:Ladies' Home Journal
3604:at Wikimedia Commons
2889:Briggs, Katharine M.
2269:The Canterbury Tales
2227:Guillaume de Palerme
1946:Eastern Roman Empire
1856:Gerusalemme liberata
1782:Gerusalemme Liberata
1640:Lancelot-Grail Cycle
1458:(unlike his earlier
1379:Contemporary society
953:portrayed as having
649:Groups and movements
3877:Damsels in distress
3872:Traditional stories
3784:G. P. Putnam's Sons
3096:, pp. 148–153.
2873:, pp. 129–130.
2688:Keyes, Flo (2006).
2574:The Discarded Image
2452:Cycles of the Kings
2371:Roswall and Lillian
2216:Guilhem de la Barra
2202:Romance of the Rose
2181:Valentine and Orson
2039:Nathaniel Hawthorne
1906:and the source for
1882:William Shakespeare
1810:Miguel de Cervantes
1646:La Mort le Roi Artu
1391:Seven Sages of Rome
1338:Religious practices
1304:Valentine and Orson
1208:Roswall and Lillian
1136:conflated with the
1134:Alexander the Great
1025:damsels in distress
1003:Miguel de Cervantes
967:and other kinds of
940:early modern Europe
268:Short prose fiction
171:Major written forms
3602:Chivalric romances
3477:, p. 423–424.
2986:Ker, William Paton
2932:Schlauch, Margaret
2385:Orlando Innamorato
2154:Chrétien de Troyes
2133:scientific romance
2125:Ruritanian romance
2017:novel of education
1994:A Sicilian Romance
1829:(1664) as well as
1612:'s version of the
1586:Middle High German
1554:The Song of Roland
1526:
1485:William of Palerne
1450:Chretien de Troyes
1422:Apollonius of Tyre
1122:
1072:Middle High German
1009:them in his novel
762:Lists and outlines
238:Long prose fiction
63:
54:Chrétien de Troyes
18:Chivalric romances
3834:
3833:
3600:Media related to
3538:978-0-7867-1535-0
3504:978-0-374-50804-3
3410:, pp. 90–91.
3394:978-0-520-05840-8
3369:978-0-395-17220-9
3342:, pp. 83–84.
3302:978-0-691-06004-0
3271:978-0-8047-2159-2
3231:978-0-8028-1117-2
3178:978-0-19-281220-9
3117:978-0-88029-454-6
3068:978-0-7123-0675-1
2971:978-0-8122-1786-5
2902:978-0-394-73467-5
2837:978-0-7190-0647-0
2739:978-0-8337-2144-0
2646:978-0-226-35992-2
2613:978-0-19-500345-1
2588:978-0-521-47735-2
2546:978-0-19-172717-7
2501:Sword and sorcery
2276:Chevalere Assigne
2256:The Knight's Tale
2239:Sir Thomas Malory
2234:Le Morte D'Arthur
2141:Flannery O'Connor
2121:planetary romance
2112:The Winter's Tale
1887:The Winter's Tale
1823:'s collaborative
1753:), the Valencian
1739:Le Morte d'Arthur
1699:Euphemia of RĂĽgen
1695:chansons de geste
1669:Le Morte d'Arthur
1618:Thomas of Britain
1532:of a chivalrous,
1431:Alexander Romance
1415:Classical origins
1405:Hereward the Wake
1324:Brito di Bretagna
1312:Il Bel Gherardino
1273:Le Morte d'Arthur
1158:Matter of Britain
1092:chansons de geste
917:chivalric romance
909:
908:
661:
660:
516:
515:
323:
322:
16:(Redirected from
3884:
3847:Fiction by genre
3821:P.E.A.R.L. Award
3637:
3630:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3599:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3559:. Archived from
3549:
3543:
3542:
3519:Atwood, Margaret
3515:
3509:
3508:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3427:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2928:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2885:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2731:
2721:
2710:
2709:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2634:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2535:(3rd ed.).
2528:
2397:Ludovico Ariosto
2343:The King of Tars
2323:Joanot Martorell
2318:Tirant lo Blanch
2264:Geoffrey Chaucer
2078:J. R. R. Tolkien
2021:Romantic fiction
2019:", informs much
1972:
1969:
1942:chanson de geste
1918:Robert the Devil
1880:(the source for
1826:The Indian Queen
1767:Ludovico Ariosto
1756:Tirant lo Blanch
1752:
1748:
1745:
1717:Roman de la Rose
1674:Ludovico Ariosto
1654:
1651:
1606:Havelok the Dane
1362:Chanson de Geste
1357:Matter of France
1328:Madonna Lionessa
1260:Huon of Bordeaux
1202:Havelok the Dane
1184:Robert the Devil
1152:, his principal
1142:Matter of France
1052:Franco-Provençal
1023:evokes knights,
1000:
997:
964:chanson de geste
901:
894:
887:
873:
872:
871:
527:
526:
334:
333:
235:
234:
79:
65:
64:
21:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3867:Romance (genre)
3862:Literary theory
3852:Literary genres
3837:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3793:
3757:
3738:Science fiction
3646:
3641:
3592:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3566:
3564:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3326:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3023:, pp. 3–4.
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2962:The Middle Ages
2958:
2951:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2886:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2838:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2722:
2713:
2706:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2566:
2562:
2547:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2440:Irish mythology
2412:
2392:Orlando Furioso
2357:Erl of Toulouse
2245:AmadĂs de Gaula
2149:
2137:gaslamp fantasy
2129:Science fiction
2059:Frithjof's saga
2047:science fiction
1970:
1960:
1954:
1938:Digenis Acritas
1930:
1772:Orlando furioso
1762:AmadĂs de Gaula
1750:
1746:
1726:
1652:
1634:
1602:Romance of Horn
1518:
1509:AmadĂs de Gaula
1503:Tirant lo Blanc
1439:
1417:
1381:
1353:
1340:
1316:Antonio Pucci's
1248:
1240:
1230:cycle" or the "
1114:
1084:
1054:, and later in
998:
905:
869:
867:
800:Literary awards
666:Dramatic genres
407:science fiction
85:Oral literature
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3890:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3857:Romance genres
3854:
3849:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3815:Romantic Times
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3774:Mills and Boon
3771:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3591:
3590:External links
3588:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3544:
3537:
3510:
3503:
3479:
3467:
3465:, p. 422.
3455:
3453:, p. 421.
3443:
3412:
3400:
3393:
3375:
3368:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3301:
3277:
3270:
3258:Seed, Patricia
3249:
3247:, p. 133.
3237:
3230:
3218:Amour Courtois
3208:
3196:
3184:
3177:
3159:
3157:, p. 382.
3147:
3145:, p. 169.
3135:
3123:
3116:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3067:
3049:
3047:, pp. 75.
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2977:
2970:
2949:
2920:
2908:
2901:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2836:
2818:
2816:, p. 290.
2806:
2804:, p. 103.
2794:
2782:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2738:
2711:
2704:
2680:
2673:
2661:Sandner, David
2652:
2645:
2619:
2612:
2594:
2587:
2560:
2545:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2468:Nibelungenlied
2464:
2459:
2457:Heroic fantasy
2454:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2252:
2241:
2230:
2223:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2145:
2082:William Morris
1975:Horace Walpole
1953:
1950:
1936:(dealing with
1929:
1926:
1909:As You Like It
1777:Torquato Tasso
1725:
1722:
1704:Eufemiavisorna
1682:Edmund Spenser
1678:Torquato Tasso
1633:
1630:
1582:Middle English
1517:
1514:
1461:Erec and Enide
1438:
1435:
1427:Matter of Rome
1416:
1413:
1409:Fulk Fitzwarin
1380:
1377:
1352:
1349:
1339:
1336:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1130:Matter of Rome
1113:
1110:
1105:Vladimir Propp
1083:
1080:
1064:Middle English
1056:Old Portuguese
913:literary genre
907:
906:
904:
903:
896:
889:
881:
878:
877:
864:
863:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
823:
822:
812:
811:
810:
809:
808:
807:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
764:
763:
759:
758:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
728:
727:
721:
720:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
697:
696:
691:
681:
676:
668:
667:
663:
662:
659:
658:
657:
656:
651:
646:
638:
637:
633:
632:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
572:
571:
565:
564:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
534:
533:
523:
522:
518:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
465:
464:
459:
446:
445:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
426:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
359:
354:
349:
341:
340:
330:
329:
325:
324:
321:
320:
319:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
270:
269:
265:
264:
263:
262:
253:
248:
240:
239:
233:
232:
227:
222:
221:
220:
210:
205:
204:
203:
198:
188:
187:
186:
173:
172:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
159:
158:
153:
143:
138:
137:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
88:
87:
81:
80:
72:
71:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3889:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Multicultural
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Inspirational
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3644:Romance novel
3638:
3633:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3583:, p. 39.
3582:
3581:O'Connor 1984
3577:
3563:on 2006-10-03
3562:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3540:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3483:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3416:
3409:
3408:Huizinga 1996
3404:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3341:
3340:Huizinga 1996
3336:
3330:, p. 24.
3329:
3324:
3317:
3312:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3206:, p. 29.
3205:
3200:
3194:, p. 26.
3193:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3144:
3139:
3133:, p. 39.
3132:
3127:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3084:, p. 93.
3083:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3045:Huizinga 1996
3041:
3035:, p. 27.
3034:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3011:, p. 52.
3010:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2912:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2872:
2867:
2861:, p. 73.
2860:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2792:, p. 23.
2791:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2767:, p. 49.
2766:
2761:
2755:, p. 83.
2754:
2749:
2741:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2584:
2581:. p. 9.
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:Nine Worthies
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2097:romantic love
2094:
2093:romance novel
2089:
2087:
2086:Poul Anderson
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2052:In 1825, the
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:Ann Radcliffe
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:Acritic songs
1928:Related forms
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:Robert Greene
1869:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1664:Thomas Malory
1661:
1659:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1467:Sir Degrevant
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1351:Medieval epic
1348:
1346:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1268:Morgan le Fay
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:and like the
1089:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:. Still, the
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
952:
951:knight-errant
949:
946:, often of a
945:
941:
937:
936:high medieval
933:
932:noble courts
929:
926:
922:
919:is a type of
918:
914:
902:
897:
895:
890:
888:
883:
882:
880:
879:
876:
866:
865:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
821:
817:
814:
813:
806:
803:
802:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
765:
761:
760:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
730:
729:
726:
723:
722:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
670:
669:
665:
664:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:
635:
634:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
574:
573:
570:
567:
566:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
535:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:Poetry genres
520:
519:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
444:
441:
440:
435:
432:
430:
427:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
372:coming-of-age
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
343:
342:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
327:
326:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Flash fiction
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
237:
236:
231:
228:
226:
223:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
209:
206:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
175:
174:
170:
169:
164:
161:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
142:
139:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
83:
82:
78:
74:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
32:Romance novel
19:
3678:Contemporary
3672:
3576:
3565:. Retrieved
3561:the original
3547:
3523:
3513:
3489:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3423:
3415:
3403:
3384:
3378:
3354:
3347:
3335:
3323:
3318:, p. 9.
3311:
3286:
3280:
3261:
3252:
3240:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3199:
3187:
3168:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3107:
3101:
3089:
3077:
3058:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
3004:
2990:
2980:
2961:
2935:
2911:
2892:
2866:
2854:
2827:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2727:
2690:
2683:
2664:
2655:
2630:
2622:
2603:
2597:
2572:
2569:Lewis, C. S.
2563:
2532:
2526:
2505:
2478:
2466:
2448:Fenian cycle
2444:Ulster cycle
2427:
2415:
2401:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2350:Sir Isumbras
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2243:
2232:
2225:
2221:Arnaut Vidal
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2152:Romances of
2110:
2104:
2101:
2090:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2028:
1998:
1992:
1978:
1964:courtly love
1961:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1892:Thomas Lodge
1885:
1875:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1813:
1803:
1792:
1780:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1737:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1690:riddarasögur
1688:
1686:
1667:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1598:Anglo-Norman
1576:, later, in
1570:Anglo-Norman
1563:
1552:
1549:courtly love
1527:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1479:Sir Eglamour
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1443:courtly love
1440:
1437:Courtly love
1420:
1418:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1360:
1354:
1341:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:literature:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1284:Green Knight
1277:
1271:
1262:is aided by
1258:ladies, and
1254:, meet with
1249:
1241:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1123:
1101:
1085:
1076:courtly love
1050:, and Early
1044:Anglo-Norman
1037:
1020:
1010:
973:
962:
916:
910:
434:Encyclopedic
412:supernatural
328:Prose genres
184:closet drama
57:
56:'s romance,
3826:Quill Award
3753:Young adult
3743:Time travel
3245:Mathew 1981
2916:Briggs 1977
2496:Romanticism
2480:Pas d'armes
2462:Medievalism
2429:Don Quixote
2167:Perceforest
2106:The Tempest
2043:H. G. Wells
2025:Bram Stoker
2009:Romanticism
1971: 1760
1864:Renaissance
1836:opera seria
1821:John Dryden
1805:Don Quixote
1796:Don Quixote
1788:Swan Knight
1751: 1471
1747: 1408
1734:Renaissance
1712:allegorical
1653: 1230
1578:Old Spanish
1574:Old Occitan
1568:(including
1516:Early forms
1367:Charlemagne
1292:fairy tales
1264:King Oberon
1252:Sir Launfal
1166:Round Table
1162:King Arthur
1156:) and the "
1146:Charlemagne
1126:frame story
1068:Old Italian
1060:Old Spanish
1048:Old Occitan
1042:(including
1012:Don Quixote
999: 1600
992:fairy tales
839:Composition
716:Tragicomedy
555:Verse novel
443:Non-fiction
347:Speculative
286:Short story
156:spoken word
146:Performance
119:heroic epic
3841:Categories
3810:RoNA Award
3805:RITA Award
3762:Publishers
3723:Paranormal
3698:Historical
3668:Bonkbuster
3567:2007-04-16
3475:Lewis 1954
3463:Lewis 1954
3451:Lewis 1954
3328:Lewis 1995
3316:Lewis 1995
3204:Lewis 1995
3192:Lewis 1995
3082:Scott 2007
2871:Lewis 1994
2705:0786425962
2674:0275980537
2555:4811919031
2519:References
2513:Troubadour
2486:Picaresque
2336:Sir Cleges
1997:(1790) or
1956:See also:
1916:(based on
1839:, such as
1749: – c.
1566:Old French
1530:adventures
1345:Holy Grail
1232:Crescentia
1170:Holy Grail
1138:Trojan War
1040:Old French
1007:burlesqued
944:adventures
754:Postmodern
689:historical
628:Villanelle
509:Travelogue
504:Persuasive
484:Journalism
462:philosophy
429:Historical
397:paranormal
357:Children's
230:Electronic
104:fairy tale
69:Literature
3769:Harlequin
3673:Chivalric
3663:Baby Love
3651:Subgenres
3438:634408223
3131:Keen 1989
2944:892031418
2846:422642874
2364:Generides
2188:King Horn
2005:courtship
1897:Rosalynde
1868:humanists
1800:La Mancha
1660:Chronicle
1594:King Horn
1497:Sir Otuel
1228:Constance
1178:King Horn
1005:famously
984:burlesque
948:chivalric
928:narrative
849:Narrative
834:Magazines
829:Sociology
820:criticism
790:Movements
749:Modernist
739:Classical
531:Narrative
367:adventure
311:Religious
281:Novelette
246:Anthology
201:narrative
151:audiobook
109:folk play
44:fighting
3733:Suspense
3521:(2005).
3260:(2004).
3155:Ker 1908
3033:Ker 1908
3021:Ker 1908
3009:Ker 1908
2988:(1908).
2934:(1969).
2778:Ipomadon
2663:(2004).
2571:(1994).
2410:See also
2297:Ipomadon
2290:Octavian
2147:Examples
2117:romances
1877:Pandosto
1815:Hudibras
1730:medieval
1728:In late
1626:Parzival
1491:Ipomadon
1441:The new
1190:Ipomadon
1140:), the "
1021:medieval
844:Language
775:Glossary
744:Medieval
679:Libretto
608:Limerick
560:National
550:Dramatic
540:Children
469:Anecdote
452:Academic
392:military
213:Nonsense
114:folksong
94:Folklore
3748:Western
3728:Regency
3713:Medical
3708:Lesbian
3688:Fantasy
2417:Beowulf
2262:" from
2258:" and "
2074:Germany
2070:England
2054:fantasy
2030:Dracula
2013:realism
1903:Gamelyn
1862:In the
1846:Rinaldo
1614:Tristan
1372:Beowulf
1238:Sources
1154:paladin
1029:dragons
988:legends
980:satiric
785:Writers
770:Outline
734:Ancient
725:History
711:Tragedy
588:Epigram
474:Epistle
457:history
417:western
402:romance
387:fantasy
352:Realist
338:Fiction
306:Parable
291:Drabble
276:Novella
260:romance
225:Ergodic
141:Oration
134:proverb
50:Laudine
3798:Awards
3693:Gothic
3683:Erotic
3535:
3501:
3436:
3391:
3366:
3299:
3268:
3228:
3175:
3114:
3065:
2968:
2942:
2899:
2844:
2834:
2736:
2702:
2671:
2643:
2610:
2585:
2553:
2543:
2450:, and
2329:Amadas
2135:, and
2035:desire
1985:Gothic
1920:) and
1890:) and
1841:Handel
1680:, and
1572:) and
1545:a lady
1537:knight
1534:heroic
1482:, and
1220:Amadas
1217:, and
1150:Roland
1112:Cycles
1033:tropes
976:ironic
955:heroic
915:, the
859:Estate
816:Theory
805:poetry
795:Cycles
706:Script
701:Satire
674:Comedy
623:Sonnet
618:Qasida
593:Ghazal
578:Ballad
499:Nature
489:Letter
422:horror
382:erotic
316:Wisdom
296:Sketch
251:Serial
191:Poetry
163:Saying
124:legend
46:Gawain
3817:Award
3658:Amish
1851:Tasso
1808:, by
1600:(AN)
1541:quest
1385:epics
1290:such
1256:fairy
1196:Emaré
1096:epics
1088:novel
982:, or
959:quest
925:verse
921:prose
911:As a
780:Books
694:moral
654:Poets
636:Lists
598:Haiku
583:Elegy
569:Lyric
479:Essay
377:crime
362:Genre
256:Novel
218:verse
208:Prose
196:lyric
179:Drama
99:fable
42:Yvain
3533:ISBN
3499:ISBN
3434:OCLC
3389:ISBN
3364:ISBN
3297:ISBN
3266:ISBN
3226:ISBN
3173:ISBN
3112:ISBN
3063:ISBN
2966:ISBN
2940:OCLC
2897:ISBN
2842:OCLC
2832:ISBN
2734:ISBN
2700:ISBN
2669:ISBN
2641:ISBN
2608:ISBN
2583:ISBN
2551:OCLC
2541:ISBN
2084:and
2072:and
1932:The
1833:and
1775:and
1732:and
1658:Brut
1584:and
1506:and
1148:and
1082:Form
969:epic
938:and
923:and
854:Feud
818:and
684:Play
644:Epic
603:Hymn
545:Epic
494:Life
129:myth
3529:391
3360:109
3293:186
2637:354
2266:'s
2219:by
2127:.
2123:or
2109:or
2027:'s
1991:'s
1977:'s
1912:),
1894:'s
1884:'s
1874:'s
1853:'s
1843:'s
1802:. (
1779:'s
1769:'s
1666:'s
1624:'s
1616:of
1488:.
1322:or
1294:as
1193:,
1144:" (
1046:),
934:of
613:Ode
3843::
3555:.
3531:.
3497:.
3495:38
3432:.
3430:29
3362:.
3295:.
2996:53
2952:^
2923:^
2878:^
2840:.
2714:^
2698:.
2696:85
2639:.
2549:.
2539:.
2446:,
2442::
2395:–
2321:–
2248:–
2237:–
2080:,
2049:.
1968:c.
1924:.
1859:.
1744:c.
1720:.
1707:.
1684:.
1676:,
1650:c.
1580:,
1512:.
1476:,
1470:,
1223:.
1211:,
1199:,
1187:,
1181:,
1066:,
1062:,
1058:,
1035:.
1027:,
996:c.
990:,
978:,
3636:e
3629:t
3622:v
3570:.
3541:.
3507:.
3440:.
3397:.
3372:.
3305:.
3274:.
3234:.
3181:.
3120:.
3071:.
2998:.
2974:.
2946:.
2905:.
2848:.
2742:.
2708:.
2677:.
2649:.
2616:.
2591:.
2557:.
2254:"
1205:,
900:e
893:t
886:v
258:/
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
