Child prostitution

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found that only 10% reported having pimps. A 2012 study done in Atlantic City, New Jersey, by the same group incorporated an extended qualitative ethnographic component that looked specifically at the relationship between pimps and adolescents engaged with street based sex markets. This study found the percentage of adolescents who had pimps to be only 14% and that those relationships were typically far more complex, mutual, and companionate than has been reported by social service providers, not-for-profits, and much of the news media. On the other hand, youths' status as being a runaway, homeless, or in the foster care system greatly increases their likelihood of being involved in commercial sex, according to the National Runaway Switchboard and the New York State Office of Children, with one-third of runaway youths in America being lured into prostitution within 48 hours on the streets.

1066:, all forms of prostitution are illegal, but having sexual contact with anyone under the age of 14, regardless of consent, will result in a more serious punishment than raping an adult. By contrast, Argentina's Criminal Code criminalizes the prostitution of minors, but only sanctions those who "promote or facilitate" prostitution, not the client who exploits the minor. In the United States, the legal penalty for participating in the prostitution of children includes five to twenty years in prison. The FBI established "Innocence Lost", a new department working to free children from prostitution, in response to the strong public reaction across the country to the news of 7676: 631: 2692:"I spent seven years in hell," says Raju, now 21, trying hard not to cry. Thapa Magar took him to Rani Haveli, a brothel in Mumbai that specialised in male sex workers and sold him for Nepali Rs 85,000. A Muslim man ran the flesh trade there in young boys and girls, most of them lured from Nepal. For two years, Raju was kept locked up, taught to dress as a girl and circumcised. Many of the other boys there were castrated. Beatings and starvation became a part of his life. "There were 40 to 50 boys in the place," a gaunt, brooding Raju recalls. "Most of them were Nepalese." 937:'broken in' through a process of rapes and beatings, and then rented out up to thirty-five times per night for one to two dollars per man". Another example involved mostly Nepalese boys who were lured to India and sold to brothels in Mumbai, Hyderabad, New Delhi, Lucknow, and Gorakhpur. One victim left Nepal at the age of 14 and was sold into slavery, locked up, beaten, starved, and forcibly circumcised. He reported that he was held in a brothel with 40 to 50 other boys, many of whom were castrated, before escaping and returning to Nepal. 844:(UNIFEM) the United Nations took a grant from the United Arab Emirates to establish UN.GIFT. UN.GIFT aims to fight human trafficking through a mutual support from its stakeholders which includes governments, businesses, and other large global actors. Their first initiative is to spread the word that human trafficking is immoral and has become a growing problem that it will take a global cooperation to cease its continuation. UN.GIFT strives to lower the demand for this exploitation and create a safe environment for potential victims. 6768: 911:

society places more weight on sexual purity among females than males. Jaffe and Rosen write that prostitution of children in North America often results from "economic considerations, domestic violence and abuse, family disintegration and drug addiction". In Canada, a young man was convicted of charges relating to the prostitution of a 15-year-old girl online in 2012; he had encouraged her to prostitute herself as a means of making money, kept all of her earnings, and threatened her with violence if she did not continue.

1032: 1023:(PTSD). Other psychological effects include anger, insomnia, sexual and personality confusion, inability to trust adults, and loss of confidence. Drug-related health problems included dental problems, hepatitis B and C, and serious liver and kidney problems. Other medical complications included reproductive problems and injuries from sexual assaults; physical and neurological problems from violent physical attacks; and other general health issues including respiratory problems and joint pains. 885:"Survival sex" occurs when a child engages in sex acts in order to obtain money, food, shelter, clothing, or other items needed in order to survive. In these situations, the transaction typically only involves the child and the customer; children engaged in survival sex are usually not controlled or directed by pimps, madams, or other traffickers. Any individual who pays for sex with a child, whether the child is controlled by a pimp or is engaged in survival sex, can be prosecuted. 40: 8413: 643: 6779: 169: 1059:

example, prostitution is legal for children older than 14. Thus, law enforcement officers are sometimes hesitant to investigate cases because of the differences in age of consent. The laws of some countries do, however, distinguish between prostituted teenagers and prostituted children. For example, the Japanese government defines the category as referring to minors between 13 and 18. However, it is currently defined as being under the age of 18.

6762: 7152: 1051:. Over at least the last decade, the international community has increasingly acknowledged the importance of addressing problems posed by the trafficking of children, child prostitution, and child pornography; activities that undermine the rights of children and are frequently linked to organized crime. While the legality of adult prostitution varies between different parts of the world, the prostitution of 1743: 941:

photographs. In addition to pornography, Flowers writes that, "Children caught up in this dual world of sexual exploitation are often victims of sexual assaults, sexual perversions, sexually transmitted diseases, and inescapable memories of sexual misuse and bodies that have been compromised, brutalized, and left forever tarnished."

791:, bars and clubs, homes, or particular streets and areas (usually in socially run down places). According to one study, only about 10% of prostituted children have a pimp and over 45% entered the business through friends. Maureen Jaffe and Sonia Rosen from the International Child Labor Study Office write that cases vary widely: 865:

as protection against law enforcement. Victims tend to share similar backgrounds, often coming from communities with high crime rates and lack of access to education. However, victimology is not limited to this, and males and females coming from various backgrounds have become involved in sex trafficking.

821:(UNODC) as "the recruitment, transport, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation". The UNODC approximates the number of victims worldwide to be around 2.5 million. 901:

The global sex trade is as much a product of everyday people struggling to survive in dire economic straits as it is an organized crime problem. Attacking the crime and not the poverty is treating the symptom but not the disease...It's not uncommon for girls to know what they're entering into, and to

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Research indicates that traffickers have a preference for females age 12 and under because young children are more easily molded into the role assigned to them and because they are assumed to be virgins, which is valuable to consumers. The girls are then made to appear older, and documents are forged

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and other digital technologies to hide their identities. In other cases, the children's families allow or force them to enter the industry as a result of severe poverty. In cases where they are taken out of the country, traffickers prey on the fact that the children are often unable to understand the

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and child sexual abuse, as well as shifting perceptions of youth, led the public to see a sharp difference between prostitution of children and adult prostitution. While the latter is generally frowned upon, the former is seen as intolerable. Additionally, he states, children are increasingly viewed

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In 2001, the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work suggested that as many as 300,000 American youth may be at risk of commercial sexual exploitation at any time. However, over 10 years only approximately 827 cases a year had been reported to police departments. Thus, the Center for Court

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Prostituted children are often forced to work in hazardous environments without proper hygiene. They face threats of violence and are sometimes raped and beaten. Researchers Robin E. Clark, Judith Freeman Clark, and Christine A. Adamec write that they "suffer a great deal of abuse, unhappiness, and

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and by the publication of a dictionary in the United Kingdom describing Bangkok as "a place where there are a lot of prostitutes". Cultural anthropologists Susan Dewey and Patty Kelly write that though they were unable to inhibit sex tourism and rates of prostitution of children continued to rise,

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Most of the victimized children who face prostitution are vulnerable children who are exploited. Many predators target runaways, sexual assault victims, and children who have been harshly neglected by their biological parents. Not only have they faced traumatic violence that affects their physical

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The situation is rendered more convoluted by the unavailability of accurate statistics. In one country, there is a debate as to whether there really are 800,000 child victims of prostitution or whether this often quoted number is a gross exaggeration. Available statistics are often out of date. I

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The opposition to prostitution of children and sexual slavery spread to Europe and elsewhere, and organizations pushed for prostituted children to be recognized as victims rather than offenders. The issue remained prominent in the following years, and various campaigns and organizations continued

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In the United States, where many prostituted children are homeless and runaways, the view of adolescent prostitution as primarily driven by pimp-exploiters and other "sex traffickers" was challenged by SNRG-NYC in their 2008 New York City study which interviewed over 300 under-age prostitutes and

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The topic of proscribing and punishing child exploitation triggers intense emotions. While there is general consensus that child sexual exploitation, whether through the Internet, forced prostitution, the international or domestic trafficking of children for sex, or molestation, is on the rise,

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Jaffe and Rosen disagree and argue that poverty alone does not often force children into prostitution, as it does not exist in a large scale in several impoverished societies. Rather, a number of external influences, such as poor family situations and domestic violence, factor into the problem.

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Some victims are runaways from home or State institutions, others are sold by their parents or forced or tricked into prostitution, and others are street children. Some are amateurs and others professionals. Although one tends to think first and foremost of young girls in the trade, there is an

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Prostitution of children in the form of survival sex occurs in both undeveloped and developed countries. In Asia, underage girls sometimes work in brothels to support their families. In Sri Lanka, parents will more often have their sons prostitute themselves rather than their daughters, as the

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Psychotherapist Mary De Chesnay identifies five stages in the process of sex trafficking: vulnerability, recruitment, transportation, exploitation, and liberation. The final stage, De Chesnay writes, is rarely completed. Murder and accidental death rates are high, as are suicides, and very few

1777:) and learning skills such as music and dancing. However, as the system evolved, their role became that of a temple prostitute, and the girls, who were "dedicated" before puberty, were required to prostitute themselves to upper-class men. The practice has since been outlawed but still exists. 1653:

Anthropologist Heather Montgomery writes that society has a largely negative perception of prostitution of children, in part because the children are often viewed as having been abandoned or sold by their parents and families. The International Labour Organization includes the prostitution of

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There is a dispute surrounding what constitutes a prostituted child. International law defines a child as any individual below the age of 18, but a number of countries legally recognize lower ages of consent and adulthood, usually ranging from 13 to 17 years of age. In the Czech Republic, for

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Criminologist Ronald Flowers writes that prostitution of children and child pornography are closely linked; up to one in three prostituted children have been involved in pornography, often through films or literature. Runaway teenagers, he states, are frequently used for "porn flicks" and

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describes as "the most significant of the campaigning groups against child prostitution", originally focused on the issue of children being exploited in Southeast Asia by Western tourists. Women's rights groups and anti-tourism groups joined to protest the practice of sex tourism in

1111:. Exact statistics are difficult to obtain, and in some cases, such as that of Argentina, child prostitution is considered to be on the rise but without reliable statistics. However, it is estimated that there are around 10 million children involved in prostitution worldwide. 695:

defines the practice as "the act of obtaining, procuring or offering the services of a child or inducing a child to perform sexual acts for any form of compensation or reward". Both emphasize that the child is a victim of exploitation, even if apparent consent is given. The

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The late 1990s and early 2000s also saw the creation of a number of shelters and rehabilitation programs for prostituted children, and the police began to actively investigate the issue. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) was later established by the

1047:, Article 34, states, "the State shall protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse, including prostitution and involvement in pornography." The convention was first held in 1989 and has been ratified by 193 countries. In 1990, the United Nations appointed a 1693:

as "innocent" and "pure" and their prostitution as paramount to slavery. Through the shift in attitude, the public began to see minors involved in the sex trade as victims rather than as perpetrators of a crime, needing rehabilitation rather than punishment.

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Several definitions have been proposed for prostitution of children. The United Nations defines it as "the act of engaging or offering the services of a child to perform sexual acts for money or other consideration with that person or any other person". The

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as a national, toll-free hotline, available to answer calls from anywhere in the United States, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, every day of the year. The hotline was designed to allow callers to report tips and receive information on human trafficking.

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Herrmann, Kenneth J., and Michael Jupp. "International Child Sex Trade." The Sexual Trafficking in Children: An Investigation of the Child Sex Trade. By Daniel S. Campagna and Donald L. Poffenberger. Dover, MA: Auburn House Pub., 1988. 140-57.

953:, an NGO that opposes the prostitution of children, the practice causes injuries such as "vaginal tearing, physical after-effects of torture, pain, infection, or unwanted pregnancy". As clients seldom take precautions against the spread of 8138: 796:

increase in the number of young boys involved in prostitution. The most disquieting cases are those children who are forced into the trade and then incarcerated. These children run the possible further risk of torture and subsequent death.

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commonly combine to force a child into commercial sex: for example, the prostitution of a child frequently follows from prior sexual abuse, often in the child's home. Many believe that the majority of prostituted children are from

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the groups "galvanized public opinion nationally and internationally" and succeeded in getting the media to cover the topic extensively for the first time. ECPAT later expanded its focus to protest child prostitution globally.

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In some cases, victims of sex trafficking are kidnapped by strangers, either by force or by being tricked into becoming involved through lies and false promises. They may also be lured through the internet, as child victims of

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Innovation in New York City estimated in 2008 that there were far fewer commercially sexually exploited children than the 300,000 and far more than the 827 suggested by these two most widely read sources. Later, in 2013, the

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Marcus, Anthony, et al. "Conflict and Agency among Sex Workers and Pimps: A Closer Look at Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science May 2014 vol. 653 no. 1 225-246.

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states that widespread stereotypes about the prostitution of children continued into the 1990s, when the first organized opposition arose and police officers began working to dispel common misconceptions. Criminologist

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Children are often forced by social structures and individual agents into situations in which adults take advantage of their vulnerability and sexually exploit and abuse them by selling them or selling their bodies.

134:, but prostitution of children exists globally, in undeveloped countries as well as developed. Most of the children involved with prostitution are girls, despite an increase in the number of young boys in the trade. 1505:

UNICEF states that 30% of the females in prostitution are below 18, with children often being trafficked through friends and relatives. The prevalence of boys in prostitution is strongly related to foreign tourism.

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Du Mont & McGregor, 2004: Edinburgh, Saewye, Thao, & Levitt, 2006; Farley et al., 2003; Hoot et al., 2006; Izugbara, 2005; Nixon et al., 2002; Potter, Martin, & Romans,1999; Pyett & Warr,

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Though most child prostitutes are girls, advocates point out that boys are also exploited, and that this is often overlooked and more strongly stigmatized. An ECPAT-USA study found that though

957:, prostituted children face a high risk of contracting the disease, and the majority of them in certain locations contract it. Other sexually transmitted diseases pose a threat as well, such as 5635: 1773:". Traditionally a high status in society, the devadasis were originally tasked with maintaining and cleaning the temples of the Hindu deity to which they were assigned (usually the goddess 7623: 4135: 1701:

Though campaigns against prostitution of children originated in the 1800s, the first mass protests against the practice occurred in the 1990s in the United States, led largely by

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enter voluntarily to some degree. Maybe they think they'll be different and able to escape, or maybe they'd rather take the risk than feel powerless staying at home in poverty.

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carry problematic connotations because children are generally not expected to be able to make informed decisions about prostitution. As an alternative, they use the terms

1761:. According to Ronald Flowers, the "most beautiful and highest born Egyptian maidens were forced into prostitution... and they continued as prostitutes until their first 1675:

observers in the United States and elsewhere find little common ground on the questions of how serious such conduct is, or what, if anything, must be done to address it.

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Marcus, A. Riggs, R. et al., "Is Child to Adult as Victim is to Criminal? Social Policy and Street Based Sex Work in the USA" in Sexuality Research and Social Policy

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Buck, Trevor (2008-05-01). "'International Criminalisation and Child Welfare Protection': the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child".

1584:(NCMEC) documented over 10,000 reports of child sex trafficking, reporting that this only represents a "tiny percentage" of the actual child sex trafficking. 3205: 118:, in which the child engages in sexual activities to procure basic essentials such as food and shelter. Prostitution of children is commonly associated with 7643: 6700: 4041: 1044: 784:, but sociologist Louise Brown argues that, while Westerners contribute to the growth of the industry, most of the children's customers are Asian locals. 7483: 1581: 837: 829:

accounts for 79% of cases, with the majority of victims being female, of which an estimated 20% are children. Women are also often perpetrators as well.

3352: 2337: 1765:." Chinese and Indian children were commonly sold by their parents into prostitution. Parents in India sometimes dedicated their female children to the 2492: 4206: 3607: 2298: 5781: 4597: 8005: 7473: 6680: 4064:

The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City: Volume One: The CSEC Population in New York City: Size, Characteristics, and Needs

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leading away an adult suspect arrested in the Operation Cross Country II, when 105 children were rescued from forced prostitution in October 2008

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states, "The term itself implies the idea of choice, when in fact that is not the case." Groups that oppose the practice believe that the terms

4145: 3941: 2410: 7586: 5753: 4009: 3464: 3404: 4942: 4747: 4166: 3831: 3434: 126:. Research suggests that there may be as many as 10 million children involved in prostitution worldwide. The practice is most widespread in 7930: 7601: 7591: 7447: 7327: 6685: 5830: 5088: 697: 612: 392: 3298: 1670:, an attorney and law professor, write that the subject is an emotional one and that there are various perspectives about its prevention: 7905: 4551: 4067: 4967: 4868: 3867: 2111: 8375: 7596: 7288: 716: 715:

are two primary forms of child sexual exploitation, which often overlap. The former is sometimes used to describe the wider concept of

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less frail) and healthier, which in turn helps to keep them going. When use of these drugs is not monitored through bloodwork by a

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The Victimization and Exploitation of Women and Children: A Study of Physical, Mental and Sexual Maltreatment in the United States

8351: 8040: 6815: 6225: 5349: 4797: 4402: 2978: 4772: 4647: 2191: 7925: 7347: 6705: 6690: 6445: 5599: 5381: 4822: 4446: 4622: 7638: 7576: 7437: 5718: 5480: 5329: 5232: 4403:"National Human Trafficking Resource Center | Polaris Project | Combating Human Trafficking and Modern-day Slavery" 3987: 3633: 688: 142: 17: 7910: 7874: 7188: 7125: 4672: 1811: 984:) are commonly provided to prostituted children in places such as Bangladesh, to help make them look and feel more robust ( 201: 4847: 3707: 1784:, child prostitution flourished until the late 1800s; minors accounted for 50% of individuals involved in prostitution in 8000: 6720: 6710: 6610: 5898: 5289: 4079: 2941: 2910: 2414: 2051: 735: 7849: 7581: 6735: 6695: 5594: 5439: 5183: 5158: 5130: 5102: 5077: 5052: 5038: 5027: 5002: 4981: 4956: 4928: 4914: 4903: 4878: 4857: 4836: 4811: 4786: 4761: 4736: 4711: 4686: 4661: 4636: 4611: 4586: 4561: 3254: 1629: 1617:

The people who buy sex from minors are most often men who try to "rationalize their sexual involvement with children."

235: 215: 8463: 7935: 7048: 6747: 6133: 5574: 5334: 4920: 4505: 4376: 4243: 4170: 3579: 3551: 3468: 3438: 3408: 3356: 3174: 2013: 2009: 701: 8337: 8010: 7137: 7120: 6740: 6725: 6455: 5760: 5516: 5304: 5269: 5249: 5205: 4889: 4697: 2755: 1714:, Thailand. The opposition to sex tourism was spurred on by an image of a Thai youth in prostitution, published in 564: 197: 1632:

boys were represented at higher percentage than the general population, the majority of boys in prostitution were

1538:'s Health System Research Institute reports that children in prostitution make up 40% of prostitutes in Thailand. 7633: 7360: 6470: 6435: 6395: 5314: 3782: 3127: 1834:

verified. The age of consent was raised from 13 to 16 within a week of publication. During this period, the term

1404:, 95% have already had at least one sexual encounter with an adult (many of them through prostitution). In 2005, 2582: 8197: 8045: 7859: 7779: 5888: 5589: 5579: 5424: 5339: 5319: 5264: 5094: 4820: 4452: 2567:

Washington DC: A Sexual Playground for Pimps and Johns: Exposing child prostitution rings in DC, by Aisha Ali,

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Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others

2525: 719:(CSEC). It excludes other identifiable manifestations of CSEC, such as commercial sexual exploitation through 8015: 7990: 7809: 7804: 7774: 7713: 7648: 7488: 7385: 7269: 7008: 6170: 5625: 5344: 5284: 5279: 5254: 5144: 4075: 3917: 3360: 1561: 1063: 1020: 666: 414: 331: 8453: 8232: 8100: 7900: 7854: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7416: 6625: 6540: 6525: 6510: 6335: 6143: 5993: 5674: 5604: 5584: 5444: 5309: 4938: 3611: 1417: 426: 8443: 8433: 8281: 8211: 8162: 7869: 7834: 7824: 7764: 7370: 7264: 7038: 6808: 6675: 6575: 6550: 6545: 6420: 6400: 6240: 6088: 5873: 5664: 5299: 5294: 5259: 5019: 4703: 4653: 708: 461: 5065:

Overcoming Violence Against Women and Girls: The International Campaign to Eradicate a Worldwide Problem

8458: 8403: 8085: 8065: 7920: 7879: 7844: 7839: 7380: 7132: 6914: 6645: 6590: 6375: 6320: 6310: 6280: 6260: 6128: 6073: 6043: 6018: 5933: 5923: 5669: 5374: 5324: 5044: 4948: 4728: 4678: 4099: 3956: 2047: 1191: 1185: 296: 256: 103:. In most jurisdictions, child prostitution is illegal as part of general prohibition on prostitution. 50: 2316: 893:

and headed by sociologist Annjanette Rosga conducted research on prostitution of children in post-war

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1 Codigo Penal y Leyes Complementarias, art. 125 bis (6th ed., Editorial Astrea, Buenos Aires, 2007).

2808: 2169: 1658:. At the 1996 World Congress Against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children it was called "a 436: 251: 2418: 8274: 7819: 7799: 7769: 7706: 7628: 7181: 7155: 6670: 6600: 6595: 6565: 6515: 6480: 6460: 6440: 6365: 6330: 6185: 6108: 6103: 6068: 6038: 6008: 6003: 5988: 5973: 5938: 5647: 5521: 5146:

Somebody's Daughter: The Hidden Story of America's Prostituted Children and the Battle to Save Them

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Curtis, R., Terry, K., Dank, M., Dombrowski, K., Khan, B., Muslim, A., Labriola, M. and Rempel, M.

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Debabrata, R. (March 1998). "When police act as pimps: glimpses into child prostitution in India".

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Carback, Joshua T. (2018). "Cybersex Trafficking: Toward a More Effective Prosecutorial Response".

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UNICEF estimates that there are 200 brothels in Angeles City, many of which offer minors for sex.

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Note: this is a list of examples; it does not cover every country where child prostitution exists.

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The Many and the One: Religious and Secular Perspectives on Ethical Pluralism in the Modern World

4895: 4174: 3842: 3442: 1659: 1067: 989: 728: 387: 2317:"Study on the Effects of New Information Technologies on the Abuse and Exploitation of Children" 8035: 7680: 7478: 6975: 6924: 6894: 6801: 6665: 6630: 6620: 6585: 6570: 6500: 6495: 6475: 6450: 6425: 6360: 6350: 6325: 6290: 6275: 6270: 6255: 6230: 6175: 6155: 6123: 6058: 6013: 5983: 5978: 5963: 5953: 5893: 5857: 5847: 5553: 5429: 5419: 3302: 1868: 894: 635: 327: 286: 8139:

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children

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estimates that thousands of Indian children enter prostitution through trafficking each year.

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ring that reportedly sold children to adults. Stead's reports focused on a 13-year-old girl,

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are transported and then coerced to perform sexual acts and or raped in front of a webcam on

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Prostitution of children dates to antiquity. Prepubescent boys were commonly prostituted in

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Institute of Social Sciences (New Delhi, India) & National Human Rights Commission 2005

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is illegal in most countries, and all countries have some form of restrictions against it.

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Institute of Social Sciences (New Delhi, India); National Human Rights Commission (2005).

3017: 1188:. Charities say that 90% of prostitutes in the country's legalized brothels use the drug. 8: 8468: 7970: 7940: 7915: 7545: 7452: 7406: 7174: 7070: 6955: 6919: 6772: 5696: 5609: 5500: 5490: 5465: 5112: 4628: 3918:兒童及少年性剝削通報被害人概況 Overview of Victims Reported in Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Cases 2937: 2220: 1706: 1075: 1016: 997: 853: 724: 495: 478: 313: 1408:, a Mexican journalist, exposed several Mexican politicians and businessmen in the book 825:

reports that since 1982 about 30 million children have been trafficked. Trafficking for

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Prostitution of children exists in every country, though the problem is most severe in

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Deputy Attorney General James Cole, of the United States Department of Justice, stated,

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O'Connor, Vivienne M.; Rausch, Colette; Klemenčič, Goran; Albrecht, Hans-Jörg (2007).

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submit, however, that even if one child is exploited sexually, it is a serious matter.

2842:"Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography" 2583:"Report Finds 2,000 of State's Children Are Sexually Exploited, Many in New York City" 1919: 1588:

Sex trafficking in the United States § Commercial sexual exploitation of children

1099:. The number of prostituted children is rising in other parts of the world, including 8385: 8288: 8260: 8183: 7686: 7534: 7298: 7249: 7060: 7020: 7003: 6761: 5823: 5788: 5725: 5475: 5179: 5154: 5126: 5098: 5073: 5048: 5023: 4998: 4977: 4952: 4924: 4899: 4891:

Child Exploitation and Trafficking: Examining the Global Challenges and U.S Responses

4874: 4853: 4832: 4807: 4782: 4757: 4732: 4707: 4682: 4657: 4632: 4607: 4582: 4557: 3983: 3683: 3507: 3499: 3276: 2880: 2876: 2358: 1923: 1049:

Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution, and child pornography

890: 814: 712: 586: 549: 490: 441: 409: 227: 223: 149:. Various campaigns and organizations have been created to try to stop the practice. 123: 119: 7166: 5118:

Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, and Economic Oppression

1935: 704:(ILO) describes it as the "use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution". 693:

Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography

8302: 8176: 8169: 8090: 8070: 7975: 7965: 7895: 7675: 7320: 6948: 6862: 5767: 5739: 5630: 4828: 3760: 3056: 2872: 2551: 1915: 1663: 857: 630: 517: 346: 303: 246: 147:

Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

3324: 3031: 1238:

The number of children involved in prostitution is believed to be on the decline.

1031: 969:

have also been found among prostituted children. These illnesses are often fatal.

8267: 8134:

International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children

8105: 8075: 8050: 7950: 7729: 7504:

United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children

7077: 6990: 6909: 6832: 5802: 5732: 5414: 4071: 3963: 3945: 3735:"Nepal earthquakes leave bitter legacy as children become quarry for traffickers" 2915: 2733: 1815: 1726: 1716: 1401: 581: 522: 271: 160: 107: 5210: 1439:

children are trafficked for sexual commercial exploitation each year, mainly to

8390: 8344: 7524: 7315: 7283: 7244: 7092: 7082: 6998: 4916:

The Sex Sector: The Economic and Social Bases of Prostitution in Southeast Asia

4093:"Amicus Curiae Brief of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children" 3711: 2487: 1853: 1797: 1667: 1666:, a district judge and expert on child exploitation and human trafficking, and 981: 973: 930: 826: 773: 720: 554: 544: 500: 404: 241: 138: 122:, and they often overlap. Some people travel to foreign countries to engage in 100: 5199: 2514: 8427: 7259: 6884: 6857: 6824: 5774: 4599:

Gender and Human Rights Politics in Japan: Global Norms and Domestic Networks

4140: 3687: 3503: 2884: 2555: 2299:"Cheap tech and widespread internet access fuel rise in cybersex trafficking" 1904:"Child prostitution: global health burden, research needs, and interventions" 1841: 1836: 1571: 1177: 1100: 1092: 1001: 977: 569: 380: 281: 276: 261: 127: 4749:

The Global Grapevine: Why Rumors of Terrorism, Immigration, and Trade Matter

4116: 3227: 1015:

Former prostituted children often deal with psychological trauma, including

8316: 8309: 8246: 8225: 8218: 7223: 7210: 7030: 6980: 6943: 5495: 5485: 5434: 5390: 4578: 4513: 3511: 2568: 2281:"Surge in online sex trade of children challenges anti-slavery campaigners" 1927: 1766: 1762: 1633: 966: 897:. Rosga reported that poverty was a strong contributing factor. She stated, 878: 532: 512: 505: 473: 341: 323: 115: 88: 4417: 4380: 1343:

In 1998, it was estimated that 60% of prostitutes in India were underage.

8295: 8239: 7442: 6904: 5680: 5526: 5140: 2639: 2637: 2635: 1801: 1680: 1482: 1454: 1405: 1071: 1052: 781: 446: 291: 266: 219: 207: 96: 39: 4724:

Policing Pleasure: Sex Work, Policy, and the State in Global Perspective

8417: 8330: 8204: 7653: 7498: 7411: 7355: 7218: 7197: 6879: 5636:

Association for Promoting the Extension of the Contagious Diseases Acts

4485: 3329: 1823: 1793: 1689: 1173: 1164: 647: 559: 193: 111: 3148: 2632: 2338:"How the internet fuels sexual exploitation and forced labour in Asia" 1705:(End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism). The group, which historian 1414:

for having a large role in a child sex slavery and prostitution ring.

1209:

Brazil has a high level of child sex trafficking within South America

861:

language of their new location and are unaware of their legal rights.

8190: 8110: 7332: 6931: 6767: 5409: 5171:

Rape of the Innocent: Understanding and Preventing Child Sexual Abuse

4973: 4753: 3957:

Global Study on Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism

3783:"Child prostitution becomes global problem, with Russia no exception" 3676:"Mexican Court Finds No Violation of Rights in Jailing of Journalist" 1831: 1497: 1360: 1150: 1043:

Prostitution of children is illegal under international law, and the

1036: 734:

The terminology applied to the practice is a subject of dispute. The

591: 456: 399: 168: 8412: 3526:"Rescued child sex workers in India reveal hidden cells in brothels" 1903: 1254: 805:

being, but become intertwined into the violent life of prostitution.

642: 7624:

Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

7254: 6936: 6852: 5653: 5122: 5015:

Model Codes for Post-conflict Criminal Justice: Model criminal code

5011: 3037: 2529: 1863: 1770: 1625: 1535: 1527: 1378: 1245: 1216: 1009: 993: 958: 375: 141:

have committed to prohibiting child prostitution, either under the

7698: 4621:

Clark, Robin; Freeman Clark, Judith; Adamec, Christine A. (2007).

2192:"UNODC report on human trafficking exposes modern form of slavery" 1004:

leaving patients more susceptible to illnesses, and can be highly

8055: 5809: 5404: 5087:

Regehr, Cheryl; Roberts, Albert R.; Wolbert Burgess, Ann (2012).

4849:

Forced Labor: The Prostitution of Children: Symposium Proceedings

4220: 3982:. Oxford Handbooks Series. Oxford University Press. p. 169. 2411:"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for: Prostitution of Children" 1871:("Swedish model" that criminalizes buying sex but not selling it) 1827: 1789: 1754: 1711: 1551: 1440: 1344: 1321: 1292: 1278: 1181: 788: 527: 6793: 3889:"40,000 child prostitutes in Sri Lanka, says Child Rights Group" 1062:

Consequences for offenders vary from country to country. In the

787:

Prostitution of children usually occurs in environments such as

8030: 6867: 5359: 4994:

Harnessing Child Development: Children and the culture of human

3838: 3787: 2010:"C182 – Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)" 1781: 1774: 1597: 1513: 1392: 1368: 1306: 1201: 1108: 1104: 962: 822: 3018:"Children\'s Rights: Argentina | Law Library of Congress" 2359:"Child sex-trafficking study in Bosnia reveals misperceptions" 1859:

International instruments relevant to prostitution of children

972:

Children are often medicated to make them appear more mature.

4359: 4357: 4213: 3920:(Report). Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. May 2, 2022 3580:"Official: More than 1M child prostitutes in India - CNN.com" 3114:"Argentina Has a Problem: Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls" 1785: 1742: 1702: 1444: 1436: 1427: 1371:

states that 30% of the females in prostitution are below 18.

1335: 1230: 758:

to imply that the children are not always "passive victims".

7469:

Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse

7433:

Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse

5086: 4506:"Child prostitutes: How the age of consent was raised to 16" 4344: 4342: 4122: 2450: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 7065: 4528: 3076: 2620: 2440: 2438: 2436: 1826:

5 (the equivalent of around £500 in 2012), then taken to a

1758: 1468: 1096: 933:

reports that female sex trafficking victims from Nepal are

834:

United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking

131: 7607:

Child sexual abuse in New York City religious institutions

4354: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4257: 4189: 2931:"THE COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN IN EUROPE" 2070: 2068: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 7986:

International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children

7981:

Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons

7614:

Jehovah's Witnesses' handling of child sexual abuse cases

4436: 4434: 4432: 4339: 4269: 4136:"100,000 Children Are Forced Into Prostitution Each Year" 3584: 3556: 2234: 2080: 1621: 954: 4620: 4491: 4423: 2822: 2756:"Bangladesh's teenage brothels hold dark steroid secret" 2643: 2462: 2433: 4327: 4296: 3353:"Worst Forms of Child Labour Data – Dominican Republic" 2891: 2654: 2652: 2610:"The Sexually Exploited Ask for Change: Help, Not Jail" 2391: 2379: 2065: 1957: 114:

or tricked into becoming involved in the sex trade, or

7275:

Legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors

4463: 4461: 4429: 4315: 4286: 4284: 3202:"Highway of hell: Brazil's child prostitution scandal" 2709: 2697: 877:

The other primary form of prostitution of children is

8401: 7196: 4473: 3979:

The Oxford Handbook of Sex Offences and Sex Offenders

3868:"Facts on commercial sexual exploitation of children" 2028: 1990: 1814:", four articles describing an extensive underground 944: 7484:

National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

4377:"Combating Human Trafficking and Modern-day Slavery" 3758: 2649: 2092: 1947: 1945: 1582:

National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

1045:

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

923: 106:

Child prostitution usually manifests in the form of

5037:Panter-Brick, Catherine; Smith, Malcolm T. (2000). 4458: 4281: 3969: 3657: 3655: 3610:. United States Department of Labor. Archived from 3552:"Official: More than 1M child prostitutes in India" 1902:Willis, Brian M.; Levy, Barry S. (April 20, 2002). 838:

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

2959: 2483:"Pimp who sold girl, 15, for sex gets three years" 5240: 5167: 5036: 4649:Masculinities, Sexualities and Child Sexual Abuse 4226: 3832:"Factsheet: Child Trafficking in the Philippines" 1978: 1942: 1314:Over 200 are believed to be below the age of 12. 1126: 78:Illegal under international law and national laws 8425: 8006:Lighthouse: Center for Human Trafficking Victims 7474:Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command 4674:Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives 3652: 3204:. news.com.au. November 26, 2013. Archived from 856:live streams. In these incidents, consumers use 95:. The term normally refers to prostitution of a 44:Statue of a young 19th-century prostituted child 5206:What's Wrong with Calling a Child a Prostitute? 3299:"Bureau of International Labor Affairs – Chile" 2777:"Meet the girls who are born to be prostitutes" 2678:. Gulf-Times.com. 10 April 2005. Archived from 2672:"Former sex worker's tale spurs rescue mission" 1253:Between 5,000 and 10,000 are on the streets of 1184:, usually used by farmers to fatten cattle, to 1176:, child prostitutes are known to take the drug 5782:Pauline's: Memoirs of The Madam on Clay Street 4888:Kendall, Virginia M.; Funk, Markus T. (2012). 4039: 2607: 2480: 1640:despite typically performing homosexual acts. 752:the commercial sexual exploitation of children 7714: 7182: 6809: 5754:The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl 5375: 5226: 3708:"16,000 Victims of Child Sexual Exploitation" 667: 7931:Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking 7448:Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests 7328:Debate on the causes of clerical child abuse 4937: 4699:Sex Trafficking: A Clinical Guide for Nurses 4574:Sex Slaves: The Trafficking of Women in Asia 4550:Bagley, Christopher; King, Kathleen (2004). 4085: 4042:"Real Men Get Their Facts Straight - Page 1" 3465:"Worst Forms of Child Labour Data – Hungary" 3405:"Worst Forms of Child Labour Data – Estonia" 3128:"A new danger for sex workers in Bangladesh" 3049: 2911:"Welcome to the child sex capital of Europe" 2626: 2114:. U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from 1186:make child prostitutes look larger and older 1127:Number of children involved in prostitution 698:Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 613:Sex offender registries in the United States 7906:Awareness Against Human Trafficking (HAART) 4887: 4671:Cowan, Jane K.; Wilson, Richard J. (2001). 4670: 4275: 4263: 4167:"Worst Forms of Child Labour Data – Zambia" 3700: 3435:"Worst Forms of Child Labour Data – Greece" 3247:"In Cambodia, there's a price on childhood" 2728: 2726: 2724: 2247: 869:trafficking victims are rescued or escape. 836:(UN.GIFT). In cooperation with UNICEF, the 8376:Commercial sexual exploitation of children 7721: 7707: 7289:Commercial sexual exploitation of children 7189: 7175: 7151: 6816: 6802: 5382: 5368: 5233: 5219: 4845: 4824:Trafficking in Women and Children in India 4720: 4695: 4553:Child Sexual Abuse: The Search for Healing 4549: 4497: 4363: 4123:Regehr, Roberts & Wolbert Burgess 2012 3149:"Bangladesh's dark brothel steroid secret" 3082: 2897: 2528:. Snrg-nyc.org. 2012-07-12. Archived from 2468: 2444: 2397: 2385: 2086: 1972: 1901: 1840:came to be used throughout Europe and the 1140: 717:commercial sexual exploitation of children 674: 660: 93:commercial sexual exploitation of children 7338:Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome 5831:You'll Never Make Love in This Town Again 5692:Sexual and reproductive health and rights 5200:"NOW on PBS: Fighting Child Prostitution" 5111: 4745: 4534: 4503: 4348: 3493: 2828: 2456: 2074: 1656:list of the "worst forms of child labour" 1008:. In India, some girls are injected with 842:United Nations Development Fund for Women 7996:International Organisation for Migration 7961:Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women 7559:List of pedophile advocacy organizations 4965: 4333: 4309: 3673: 3325:"Soaring child prostitution in Colombia" 2979:"児童買春、児童ポルノに係る行為等の規制及び処罰並びに児童の保護等に関する法律" 2721: 2196:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2145:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2135: 2133: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1741: 1030: 819:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 711:in Geneva, prostitution of children and 8041:Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons 4990: 4795: 4770: 4645: 4504:Hogenboom, Melissa (November 1, 2013). 4479: 4440: 3975: 3759:Press Release: ECPAT (April 21, 2005). 3244: 2769: 2715: 2703: 2580: 2034: 881:. The US Department of Justice states: 91:involving a child, and it is a form of 14: 8426: 8352:What Have They Done to Your Daughters? 7926:Coalition Against Trafficking in Women 5090:Victimology: Theories and Applications 4866: 4492:Clark, Freeman Clark & Adamec 2007 4424:Clark, Freeman Clark & Adamec 2007 3966:Country-Specific Report. Ukraine. 2015 3775: 3636:. HumanTrafficking.org. Archived from 3170:"2008 Human Rights Report: Bangladesh" 2658: 2644:Clark, Freeman Clark & Adamec 2007 2543: 2353: 2351: 1086: 929:poor health" in general. For example, 7702: 7577:Anglican Communion sexual abuse cases 7438:Circles of Support and Accountability 7170: 6797: 5747:Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies 5719:A Vindication of the Rights of Whores 5702:World Charter for Prostitutes' Rights 5481:Types of prostitution in modern Japan 5363: 5214: 4846:Jaffe, Maureen; Rosen, Sonia (1997). 4746:Fine, Gary Alan; Ellis, Bill (2011). 4570: 3912: 3910: 3732: 3674:McKinley, James C. Jr. (2007-11-30). 3100:"ECPAT International, A Step Forward" 2130: 2098: 1886: 689:Convention on the Rights of the Child 143:Convention on the Rights of the Child 7634:Sexual abuse cases in Haredi Judaism 5139: 5061: 4595: 4467: 4321: 4290: 2965: 2862: 1875:Honor killing § Victims of rape 1812:The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon 1648: 809: 8001:La Strada International Association 7728: 5168:Whetsell-Mitchell, Juliann (1995). 4969:Prostitution, Politics & Policy 4912: 4774:The Prostitution of Women and Girls 4721:Dewey, Susan; Kelly, Patty (2011). 4080:United States Department of Justice 3860: 3661: 2571:Mar. 17, 2009; retrieved 12/27/2014 2415:United States Department of Justice 2348: 2052:United States Department of Justice 1996: 1984: 1951: 1012:to make their breasts grow faster. 889:A study commissioned by UNICEF and 761: 736:United States Department of Justice 24: 7582:Catholic Church sexual abuse cases 5440:Prostitution statistics by country 3907: 3544: 3245:Bramham, Daphne (March 23, 2012). 3050:C.G. Niebank (September 7, 2011). 2809:"FBI — Operation Cross Country II" 2048:"Child Exploitation and Obscenity" 1844:to describe prostituted children. 945:Physical and psychological effects 25: 8480: 7936:Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee 7911:Blue Dragon Children's Foundation 6823: 5575:History of prostitution in Canada 5193: 4921:International Labour Organization 4379:. Polaris Project. Archived from 4244:International Labour Organization 4240:"The worst forms of child labour" 4171:International Labour Organization 3469:International Labour Organization 3439:International Labour Organization 3409:International Labour Organization 3357:International Labour Organization 3175:United States Department of State 2014:International Labour Organization 1556:at least 15,000 girls aged 14–19 924:Treatment of prostituted children 702:International Labour Organization 8411: 8011:Mongolian Gender Equality Center 7674: 7150: 6778: 6777: 6766: 6760: 6701:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5761:Mary Wept over the Feet of Jesus 5517:List of sex worker organizations 5389: 5275:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4395: 4369: 4232: 4199: 4159: 4128: 4055: 2877:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2008.00148.x 641: 629: 167: 38: 5095:Jones & Bartlett Publishers 4624:The Encyclopedia of Child Abuse 4543: 4033: 4002: 3950: 3932: 3881: 3824: 3803: 3752: 3726: 3667: 3626: 3600: 3572: 3518: 3487: 3457: 3427: 3397: 3375: 3345: 3317: 3291: 3269: 3238: 3220: 3194: 3162: 3141: 3120: 3106: 3092: 3043: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2971: 2940:. November 2014. Archived from 2923: 2903: 2856: 2834: 2801: 2791: 2779:. Toronto Star. 13 October 2013 2748: 2664: 2601: 2574: 2561: 2518: 2507: 2481:Louise Dickson (May 30, 2012). 2474: 2403: 2330: 2309: 2291: 2273: 2253: 2209: 2184: 2158: 2104: 1612: 918: 872: 8046:Operation Underground Railroad 5425:Feminist views on prostitution 3791:. Pravda.Ru. November 10, 2006 3733:Jones, Sam (25 October 2015). 2112:"The Prostitution of Children" 2040: 2002: 1542:Child prostitution in Thailand 1026: 152: 27:Prostitution involving a child 13: 1: 7991:International Justice Mission 7489:Prevention Project Dunkelfeld 5626:Decriminalization of sex work 5241:Child prostitution by country 4227:Panter-Brick & Smith 2000 4076:National Institute of Justice 4040:Kristen Hinman (2011-06-29). 3710:. Ipsnews.net. Archived from 2998:Note 19, Article 360, at 187. 2844:. United Nations Human Rights 2608:Clyde Haberman (2007-06-12). 2581:Feldman, Cassi (2007-04-24). 1920:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08355-1 1880: 1696: 1662:", "torture", and "slavery". 1562:Child prostitution in Ukraine 1081: 1021:posttraumatic stress disorder 700:, (Convention No 182) of the 8233:Nefarious: Merchant of Souls 8101:Truckers Against Trafficking 7901:Agape International Missions 7417:Cognitive behavioral therapy 6681:British Overseas Territories 5675:Prostitution Reform Act 2003 5445:Violence against prostitutes 4873:. Chelsea Green Publishing. 2219:. Ungift.org. Archived from 1788:. A scandal in 19th-century 1418:Child prostitution in Mexico 1400:Out of Mexico City's 13,000 754:. Other groups use the term 427:Criminal transmission of HIV 137:All member countries of the 99:, or person under the legal 7: 8212:Kinjite: Forbidden Subjects 7644:Brooklyn's Haredi community 7629:Scouting sexual abuse cases 7426:Research and support groups 7039:Child-on-child sexual abuse 5665:Prostitution age of consent 5020:US Institute of Peace Press 4941:; Strong, Tracy B. (2009). 4870:The Culture of Make Believe 4704:Springer Publishing Company 4654:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 3228:"Brazil's sex tourism boom" 1847: 1435:An estimated 12,000–15,000 709:International Labour Office 10: 8485: 8086:Stop Child Trafficking Now 8066:Redlight Children Campaign 7921:California Against Slavery 7681:Human sexuality portal 7233:Behavior and legal aspects 5670:Prostitution law in Canada 5045:Cambridge University Press 4949:Princeton University Press 4729:Cambridge University Press 4679:Cambridge University Press 3385:. State.gov. March 8, 2006 3130:. guardian.com. 2010-04-05 1737: 1734:into the 2000s and 2010s. 1688:writes that concerns over 1585: 1559: 1539: 1415: 1348: 1192:Prostitution in Bangladesh 1189: 1064:People's Republic of China 776:and the majority of their 636:Human sexuality portal 257:Deviant sexual intercourse 51:Abastenia St. Leger Eberle 8368: 8147: 8119: 8081:Shared Hope International 7946:End Human Trafficking Now 7888: 7752: 7736: 7669: 7619:Mormon sexual abuse cases 7569: 7554:Pedophile advocacy groups 7540:Sweetie (internet avatar) 7512: 7461: 7425: 7399: 7346: 7232: 7208: 7146: 7091: 7029: 6989: 6831: 6756: 5866: 5840: 5710: 5660:Massage Parlours Act 1978 5618: 5600:In impressionist painting 5562: 5509: 5453: 5397: 5246: 5062:Penn, Michael L. (2003). 4997:. Gyan Publishing House. 4696:De Chesnay, Mary (2013). 4604:Stanford University Press 3301:. Dol.gov. Archived from 3151:. bbcnews.com. 2010-05-30 2758:. reuters.com. 2012-03-19 2170:End Human Trafficking Now 1679:Investigative journalist 1132: 1129: 1123: 1006:psychologically addictive 600:Sex offender registration 437:Female genital mutilation 74: 66: 58: 37: 8464:Organized crime activity 8275:Russian Dolls: Sex Trade 7462:Prevention organizations 6686:Central African Republic 5648:Contagious Diseases Acts 5070:Rowman & Littlefield 4966:Matthews, Roger (2008). 4896:Rowman & Littlefield 4867:Jensen, Derrick (2004). 4796:Flowers, Ronald (1994). 4771:Flowers, Ronald (1998). 3761:"Under Age Prostitution" 2627:Madsen & Strong 2009 2556:10.1177/0002716214521993 2342:South China Morning Post 2141:"Human Trafficking FAQs" 1643: 33:Prostitution of children 7649:Jewish Care controversy 7520:Anti-pedophile activism 6773:Prostitution portal 5570:History of prostitution 4596:Chan, Jennifer (2004). 4276:Kendall & Funk 2012 4264:Cowan & Wilson 2001 2248:Kendall & Funk 2012 1068:Operation Stormy Nights 990:healthcare professional 832:In 2007 the UN founded 729:trafficking of children 8036:Oasis Charitable Trust 7479:Jewish Community Watch 5430:Prostitution by region 5420:Drugs and prostitution 4991:Narayan, O.P. (2005). 4913:Lim, Lin Lean (1998). 4646:Cossins, Anne (2000). 4571:Brown, Louise (2001). 4364:Dewey & Kelly 2011 3944:July 12, 2007, at the 3279:. Children of Cambodia 3083:Jaffe & Rosen 1997 2898:Jaffe & Rosen 1997 2865:Children & Society 2469:Jaffe & Rosen 1997 2445:Jaffe & Rosen 1997 2166:"Who are the Victims?" 2087:Bagley & King 2004 1973:Jaffe & Rosen 1997 1869:Prostitution in Sweden 1757:in ancient Greece and 1750: 1677: 1660:crime against humanity 1180:, an over-the-counter 1040: 904: 895:Bosnia and Herzegovina 887: 807: 798: 365:varies by jurisdiction 110:, in which a child is 8156:A Walk Across the Sun 7956:Face to Face Bulgaria 7661:Child abuse in soccer 7240:Age of consent reform 6971:Sex-positive movement 6966:Sex-positive feminism 6890:Obesity and sexuality 6716:Republic of Macedonia 5796:Revolting Prostitutes 5642:Canada (AG) v Bedford 5595:In Harlem Renaissance 5544:Sex-positive movement 5539:Sex-positive feminism 5471:Internet prostitution 4535:Fine & Ellis 2011 4383:on September 28, 2013 3640:on September 16, 2013 3116:. PassBlue.com. 2016. 3020:. Loc.gov. April 2012 2262:Criminal Law Bulletin 1807:The Pall Mall Gazette 1769:, where they became " 1745: 1672: 1447:and other countries. 1351:Prostitution in India 1034: 899: 883: 802: 793: 731:for sexual purposes. 608:Sex offender registry 18:Child sex trafficking 8381:Cybersex trafficking 8359:Your Name Is Justine 8061:Reaching Out Romania 8021:The Natashas Project 7494:The Awareness Center 7309:Cybersex trafficking 7056:Cybersex trafficking 6841:Adolescent sexuality 6731:United Arab Emirates 5549:Sex worker movements 5151:Chicago Review Press 5113:Rodriguez, Junius P. 4852:. Diane Publishing. 3976:Sanders, T. (2017). 3277:"Child Prostitution" 3257:on February 28, 2014 3208:on November 26, 2013 3182:on February 26, 2009 3038:O'Connor et al. 2007 2734:"Child Prostitution" 2118:on February 14, 2016 1802:William Thomas Stead 1747:William Thomas Stead 1340:1,000,000–1,200,000 850:cybersex trafficking 769:Structure and agency 748:prostituted children 725:domestic child labor 577:UK Section 63 (2008) 432:Cybersex trafficking 8454:Forced prostitution 7971:Hagar International 7941:ECPAT International 7916:Blue Heart Campaign 7639:Adass Israel School 7546:To Catch a Predator 7453:Virtuous Pedophiles 7407:Chemical castration 6976:Sex workers' rights 6956:Reproductive rights 6611:Trinidad and Tobago 5899:Antigua and Barbuda 5697:Sexual Offences Act 5610:Sacred prostitution 5554:Sex workers' rights 5501:Window prostitution 5491:Street prostitution 5466:Forced prostitution 4629:Infobase Publishing 4177:on October 14, 2013 3848:on January 24, 2014 3475:on October 14, 2013 3445:on October 15, 2013 3415:on October 14, 2013 3363:on October 14, 2013 2938:ECPAT International 2919:. 30 November 2001. 2459:, pp. 188–189. 2287:. December 1, 2016. 1999:, pp. 170–171. 1822:, who was sold for 1796:there to raise the 1707:Junius P. Rodriguez 1087:Statistical summary 1076:forced prostitution 1074:were released from 998:high blood pressure 314:Reproductive rights 189:Reproductive rights 34: 8444:Child sexual abuse 8434:Child prostitution 8324:Trade of Innocents 8254:The Paradise Suite 7294:Child prostitution 7202:child sexual abuse 7044:Child sexual abuse 7016:Child prostitution 6961:Right to sexuality 6706:Dominican Republic 6691:Crown dependencies 5817:Unspeakable Things 5687:Right to sexuality 5532:Female sex tourism 5510:Support activities 5461:Child prostitution 5176:Taylor and Francis 5040:Abandoned Children 4070:2016-03-04 at the 3962:2021-04-15 at the 3895:. December 6, 2006 3680:The New York Times 3614:on October 2, 2013 3532:. 13 December 2017 3333:. January 27, 2001 3305:on October 2, 2013 3102:. Gvnet.com. 1999. 3085:, pp. 10–11: 3064:on October 2, 2013 2947:on 5 November 2019 2682:on 18 January 2012 2614:The New York Times 2588:The New York Times 2495:on October 2, 2013 2421:on October 2, 2013 2364:Medical News Today 1751: 1638:sexual orientation 1576:100,000-1,000,000 1411:The Demons of Eden 1265:Dominican Republic 1041: 817:is defined by the 740:child prostitution 422:Child prostitution 388:Anti-miscegenation 319:Right to sexuality 309:Red-light district 252:Pedophile advocacy 212:Conversion therapy 202:Capital punishment 85:Child prostitution 32: 8459:Human trafficking 8439:Children's rights 8399: 8398: 8386:Human trafficking 8261:Rambo: Last Blood 8198:Human Trafficking 7696: 7695: 7687:Psychology portal 7535:Perverted-Justice 7400:Treatment methods 7304:Child trafficking 7299:Child sex tourism 7250:Child pornography 7164: 7163: 7021:Child sex tourism 7004:Child pornography 6791: 6790: 5824:Whore of New York 5789:Playing the Whore 5726:Call Me Elizabeth 5590:In colonial India 5580:In ancient Greece 5476:Male prostitution 5357: 5356: 4537:, pp. 83–85. 4426:, pp. 68–69. 4405:. Polaris Project 4324:, pp. 35–36. 4082:. September 2008. 3989:978-0-19-021363-3 3811:"BBC Politics 97" 3714:on March 26, 2012 1914:(9315): 1417–22. 1649:Public perception 1610: 1609: 1141:Up to 10,000,000 1124:Country/location 1000:, can weaken the 965:. High levels of 891:Save the Children 815:Human trafficking 810:Human trafficking 713:child pornography 707:According to the 684: 683: 550:Sexual harassment 442:Forcible touching 410:Child pornography 360:Specific offences 332:Decriminalization 224:Same-sex marriage 216:Decriminalization 124:child sex tourism 120:child pornography 82: 81: 16:(Redirected from 8476: 8416: 8415: 8407: 8303:The Storm Makers 8170:Eastern Promises 8091:Stop the Traffik 8071:Renew Foundation 7976:Hope for Justice 7966:Global Centurion 7896:The A21 Campaign 7723: 7716: 7709: 7700: 7699: 7679: 7678: 7602:Society of Jesus 7321:Marriageable age 7191: 7184: 7177: 7168: 7167: 7154: 7153: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6795: 6794: 6781: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6764: 6741:Northern Ireland 6456:Papua New Guinea 5768:Nocturnal Revels 5740:The Happy Hooker 5631:Prostitution law 5384: 5377: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5212: 5211: 5189: 5164: 5136: 5108: 5083: 5058: 5033: 5008: 4987: 4962: 4934: 4909: 4884: 4863: 4842: 4829:Orient Blackswan 4817: 4792: 4767: 4742: 4717: 4692: 4667: 4642: 4617: 4592: 4567: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4516:on July 27, 2014 4512:. 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In July 1885, 1664:Virginia Kendall 1654:children in its 1532:200,000–800,000 1206:250,000–500,000 1121: 1120: 936: 858:cryptocurrencies 840:(OSCE), and the 762:Causes and types 756:child sex worker 744:child prostitute 676: 669: 662: 646: 645: 634: 633: 491:Public indecency 368: 347:Bodily integrity 304:Prostitution law 247:Marriageable age 171: 157: 156: 70:Up to 10 million 42: 35: 31: 21: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8410: 8402: 8400: 8395: 8364: 8338:The Traffickers 8163:The Chosen Ones 8143: 8121: 8115: 8106:Unlikely Heroes 8076:Run for Courage 8051:Polaris Project 7951:The Exodus Road 7884: 7748: 7732: 7730:Sex trafficking 7727: 7697: 7692: 7673: 7665: 7654:Manny Waks case 7565: 7508: 7457: 7421: 7395: 7342: 7228: 7204: 7195: 7165: 7160: 7156:Topical outline 7142: 7087: 7078:Sex trafficking 7025: 6991:Child sexuality 6985: 6895:Objectification 6833:Human sexuality 6827: 6822: 6792: 6787: 6765: 6752: 6721:Solomon Islands 6711:Dutch Caribbean 6436:Overseas France 5862: 5836: 5803:Sex Power Money 5706: 5614: 5605:In Kuki society 5585:In ancient Rome 5558: 5505: 5449: 5415:Ranch (brothel) 5393: 5388: 5358: 5353: 5242: 5239: 5196: 5186: 5161: 5133: 5105: 5080: 5055: 5030: 5005: 4984: 4959: 4939:Madsen, Richard 4931: 4906: 4881: 4860: 4839: 4814: 4789: 4764: 4739: 4714: 4689: 4664: 4639: 4614: 4589: 4564: 4546: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4439: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4355: 4347: 4340: 4332: 4328: 4320: 4316: 4308: 4297: 4289: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4072:Wayback Machine 4060: 4056: 4047: 4045: 4044:. Village Voice 4038: 4034: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4010:"SP2.upenn.edu" 4008: 4007: 4003: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3974: 3970: 3964:Wayback Machine 3955: 3951: 3946:Wayback Machine 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3814: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3731: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3692: 3690: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3617: 3615: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3492: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3239: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3152: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3052:"Human network" 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3023: 3021: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2984: 2982: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2916:The Irish Times 2909: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2814: 2812: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2732: 2731: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2685: 2683: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2650: 2642: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2606: 2602: 2593: 2591: 2579: 2575: 2566: 2562: 2548: 2544: 2535: 2533: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2434: 2424: 2422: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2398:De Chesnay 2013 2396: 2392: 2386:De Chesnay 2013 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2367:. March 1, 2005 2357: 2356: 2349: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2235: 2226: 2224: 2217:"About UN.GIFT" 2215: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2149: 2147: 2139: 2138: 2131: 2121: 2119: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2101:, pp. 1–3. 2097: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2016:. June 17, 1999 2008: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1971: 1958: 1950: 1943: 1900: 1887: 1883: 1850: 1820:Eliza Armstrong 1816:sex trafficking 1740: 1727:Polaris Project 1699: 1651: 1646: 1615: 1590: 1564: 1544: 1487:60,000–100,000 1420: 1402:street children 1383:43,000–142,000 1353: 1194: 1089: 1084: 1029: 992:they can cause 974:Corticosteroids 947: 934: 926: 921: 875: 812: 764: 680: 640: 628: 523:Sex trafficking 362: 361: 328:Workers' rights 287:Objectification 272:Public morality 198:Criminalization 161:Sex and the law 155: 108:sex trafficking 67:Number affected 59:Areas practiced 54: 47:The White Slave 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8482: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8421: 8420: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8393: 8391:Sexual slavery 8388: 8383: 8378: 8372: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8355: 8348: 8341: 8334: 8327: 8320: 8313: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8278: 8271: 8264: 8257: 8250: 8243: 8236: 8229: 8222: 8215: 8208: 8201: 8194: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8166: 8159: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8125: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7746: 7740: 7738: 7734: 7733: 7726: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7703: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7683: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7663: 7658: 7657: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7597:media coverage 7594: 7589: 7579: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7525:Creep Catchers 7516: 7514: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7429: 7427: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7393: 7391:United Kingdom 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7352: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7316:Child marriage 7313: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7286: 7284:Child sex ring 7281: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7247: 7245:Child grooming 7242: 7236: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7226: 7221: 7215: 7213: 7206: 7205: 7194: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7171: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7093:Age of consent 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7083:Sexual slavery 7080: 7075: 7074: 7073: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7041: 7035: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7001: 6999:Child marriage 6995: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6941: 6940: 6939: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6876: 6875: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6849: 6848: 6837: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6821: 6820: 6813: 6806: 6798: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6775: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6736:United Kingdom 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6696:Czech Republic 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5889:American Samoa 5886: 5881: 5876: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5733:Happy Endings? 5729: 5722: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5650: 5645: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5524: 5519: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5387: 5386: 5379: 5372: 5364: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5195: 5194:External links 5192: 5191: 5190: 5185:978-1560323945 5184: 5165: 5160:978-1569768334 5159: 5137: 5132:978-1851097883 5131: 5109: 5104:978-1449665333 5103: 5084: 5079:978-0742525009 5078: 5059: 5054:978-0521775557 5053: 5034: 5029:978-1601270122 5028: 5009: 5004:978-8182053007 5003: 4988: 4983:978-0203930878 4982: 4963: 4958:978-1400825592 4957: 4935: 4930:978-9221095224 4929: 4910: 4905:978-1442209800 4904: 4885: 4880:978-1603581837 4879: 4864: 4859:978-0788146060 4858: 4843: 4838:978-8125028451 4837: 4818: 4813:978-0899509785 4812: 4793: 4788:978-0786404902 4787: 4768: 4763:978-0814785119 4762: 4743: 4738:978-0521797351 4737: 4718: 4713:978-0826171160 4712: 4693: 4688:978-0521797351 4687: 4668: 4663:978-9041113559 4662: 4643: 4638:978-0788146060 4637: 4618: 4613:978-0804750226 4612: 4593: 4588:978-1860499036 4587: 4568: 4563:978-0203392591 4562: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4527: 4496: 4484: 4472: 4457: 4455:, p. 504. 4445: 4428: 4416: 4394: 4368: 4366:, p. 148. 4353: 4351:, p. 190. 4349:Rodriguez 2011 4338: 4326: 4314: 4295: 4280: 4268: 4256: 4231: 4229:, p. 182. 4219: 4207:"And Boys Too" 4198: 4188: 4158: 4127: 4125:, p. 230. 4115: 4084: 4054: 4032: 4001: 3988: 3968: 3949: 3931: 3906: 3880: 3859: 3823: 3802: 3774: 3751: 3725: 3699: 3666: 3651: 3625: 3599: 3571: 3560:. May 11, 2009 3543: 3517: 3498:(105): 27–31. 3486: 3456: 3426: 3396: 3374: 3344: 3316: 3290: 3268: 3237: 3219: 3193: 3161: 3140: 3119: 3105: 3091: 3075: 3042: 3040:, p. 264. 3030: 3009: 3000: 2991: 2970: 2958: 2922: 2902: 2890: 2871:(3): 167–178. 2855: 2833: 2831:, p. 189. 2829:Rodriguez 2011 2821: 2800: 2790: 2768: 2747: 2720: 2718:, p. 124. 2708: 2706:, p. 123. 2696: 2663: 2648: 2631: 2629:, p. 293. 2619: 2600: 2573: 2560: 2542: 2517: 2506: 2488:Times Colonist 2473: 2461: 2457:Rodriguez 2011 2449: 2432: 2402: 2390: 2378: 2347: 2344:. May 2, 2019. 2329: 2308: 2290: 2272: 2252: 2233: 2208: 2183: 2157: 2129: 2103: 2091: 2089:, p. 124. 2079: 2077:, p. 187. 2075:Rodriguez 2011 2064: 2039: 2037:, p. 138. 2027: 2001: 1989: 1987:, p. 170. 1977: 1956: 1954:, p. 171. 1941: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1854:Child grooming 1849: 1846: 1798:age of consent 1739: 1736: 1698: 1695: 1686:Roger Matthews 1668:T. Markus Funk 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1577: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1560:Main article: 1557: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1540:Main article: 1533: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1433: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1416:Main article: 1398: 1397:16,000–20,000 1395: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1366: 1365:40,000–70,000 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1341: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1251: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1170: 1169:10,000–29,000 1167: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1070:, in which 23 1028: 1025: 982:glucocorticoid 946: 943: 931:Derrick Jensen 925: 922: 920: 917: 874: 871: 854:commercialized 827:sexual slavery 811: 808: 774:Southeast Asia 763: 760: 721:child marriage 682: 681: 679: 678: 671: 664: 656: 653: 652: 651: 650: 648:Law portal 638: 623: 622: 618: 617: 616: 615: 610: 602: 601: 597: 596: 595: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 573: 572: 567: 557: 552: 547: 545:Sexual assault 542: 541: 540: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 509: 508: 503: 493: 488: 487: 486: 481: 471: 466: 465: 464: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 418: 417: 407: 405:Child grooming 402: 397: 396: 395: 385: 384: 383: 370: 369: 357: 356: 355: 354: 349: 344: 339: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 300: 299: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 242:Age of consent 239: 205: 191: 186: 178: 177: 173: 172: 164: 163: 154: 151: 139:United Nations 101:age of consent 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8481: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8408: 8405: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8326: 8325: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8300: 8298: 8297: 8293: 8291: 8290: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8258: 8256: 8255: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8202: 8200: 8199: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8172: 8171: 8167: 8165: 8164: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8146: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8120:Protocols and 8118: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889:Organisations 7887: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7875:United States 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7719: 7717: 7712: 7710: 7705: 7704: 7701: 7689: 7688: 7684: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7662: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7511: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7398: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7314: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7260:Child erotica 7258: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7211:chronophilias 7207: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7187: 7185: 7180: 7178: 7173: 7172: 7169: 7157: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7139: 7138:South America 7136: 7134: 7131: 7127: 7126:United States 7124: 7123: 7122: 7121:North America 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6885:Miscegenation 6883: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6847: 6846:Rainbow party 6844: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6825:Sexual ethics 6819: 6814: 6812: 6807: 6805: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6784: 6776: 6774: 6769: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6755: 6749: 6748:United States 6746: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 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5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5775:Paying for It 5772: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5502: 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Routledge. 4555: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4536: 4531: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4494:, p. 69. 4493: 4488: 4481: 4476: 4470:, p. 49. 4469: 4464: 4462: 4454: 4449: 4443:, p. 81. 4442: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4425: 4420: 4409:September 28, 4404: 4398: 4387:September 28, 4382: 4378: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4358: 4350: 4345: 4343: 4336:, p. 15. 4335: 4334:Matthews 2008 4330: 4323: 4318: 4312:, p. 17. 4311: 4310:Matthews 2008 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4293:, p. 35. 4292: 4287: 4285: 4277: 4272: 4266:, p. 86. 4265: 4260: 4249:September 26, 4245: 4241: 4235: 4228: 4223: 4215: 4208: 4202: 4192: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4148:on 2016-07-23 4147: 4143: 4142: 4141:ThinkProgress 4137: 4131: 4124: 4119: 4105:on 2017-04-27 4101: 4094: 4088: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4058: 4043: 4036: 4022:on 2008-10-02 4018: 4011: 4005: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3972: 3965: 3961: 3958: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3935: 3919: 3913: 3911: 3899:September 27, 3894: 3890: 3884: 3876: 3869: 3863: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3812: 3806: 3795:September 27, 3790: 3789: 3784: 3778: 3767:September 15, 3762: 3755: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3718:September 15, 3713: 3709: 3703: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3658: 3656: 3644:September 27, 3639: 3635: 3629: 3618:September 27, 3613: 3609: 3603: 3588:. 11 May 2009 3587: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3564:September 27, 3559: 3558: 3553: 3547: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3430: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3389:September 15, 3384: 3378: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3337:September 27, 3332: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3309:September 27, 3304: 3300: 3294: 3283:September 27, 3278: 3272: 3256: 3252: 3251:Vancouver Sun 3248: 3241: 3234:. 2010-07-30. 3233: 3229: 3223: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3186:September 27, 3181: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3165: 3150: 3144: 3129: 3123: 3115: 3109: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3019: 3013: 3004: 2995: 2980: 2974: 2968:, p. 66. 2967: 2962: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2926: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2906: 2899: 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2069: 2057:September 26, 2053: 2049: 2043: 2036: 2031: 2020:September 26, 2015: 2011: 2005: 1998: 1993: 1986: 1981: 1975:, p. 10. 1974: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1885: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1842:United States 1839: 1838: 1837:white slavery 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1810:, published " 1809: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1767:Hindu temples 1764: 1760: 1756: 1748: 1744: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1572:United States 1570: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1495: 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1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002:immune system 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 949:According to 942: 938: 932: 916: 912: 908: 903: 898: 896: 892: 886: 882: 880: 870: 866: 862: 859: 855: 851: 845: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 806: 801: 797: 792: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 770: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 705: 703: 699: 694: 690: 677: 672: 670: 665: 663: 658: 657: 655: 654: 649: 644: 639: 637: 632: 627: 626: 625: 624: 620: 619: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 604: 603: 599: 598: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 571: 570:Female sodomy 568: 566: 563: 562: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 539: 536: 535: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 497: 494: 492: 489: 485: 482: 480: 477: 476: 475: 472: 470: 467: 463: 460: 459: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 416: 413: 412: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 394: 391: 390: 389: 386: 382: 379: 378: 377: 374: 373: 372: 371: 366: 359: 358: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 337: 336:World Charter 333: 329: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 298: 295: 294: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 277:Antisexualism 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 262:Miscegenation 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 206: 203: 199: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 180: 179: 176:Social issues 175: 174: 170: 166: 165: 162: 159: 158: 150: 148: 144: 140: 135: 133: 129: 128:South America 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 52: 48: 41: 36: 30: 19: 8449:Debt bondage 8357: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8329: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8294: 8287: 8280: 8273: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8219:Lilya 4-ever 8217: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8189: 8182: 8175: 8168: 8161: 8154: 8026:Not for Sale 7685: 7544: 7530:Dark Justice 7513:Social views 7293: 7224:Ephebophilia 7031:Sexual abuse 7015: 6981:Survival sex 6944:Prostitution 6726:Soviet Union 6626:Turkmenistan 6541:South Africa 6526:Sierra Leone 6511:Saudi Arabia 6144:East Germany 5994:Burkina Faso 5841:By continent 5829: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5679: 5652: 5640: 5496:Survival sex 5486:Sex for fish 5460: 5435:Sex drive-in 5391:Prostitution 5170: 5145: 5141:Sher, Julian 5117: 5089: 5064: 5039: 5014: 4993: 4968: 4943: 4915: 4890: 4869: 4848: 4823: 4798: 4773: 4748: 4723: 4698: 4673: 4648: 4623: 4598: 4579:Virago Press 4573: 4552: 4544:Bibliography 4530: 4520:November 30, 4518:. 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Gowan 5527:Sex tourism 5335:South Sudan 5330:Philippines 4216:-USA. 2013. 4181:October 11, 3813:. Bbc.co.uk 3634:"Indonesia" 3608:"Indonesia" 3479:October 11, 3449:October 12, 3419:October 11, 3367:October 11, 2981:. 電子政府の総合窓口 2659:Jensen 2004 1792:caused the 1681:Julian Sher 1630:questioning 1483:Philippines 1455:New Zealand 1406:Lydia Cacho 1027:Prohibition 587:Trafficking 447:Fornication 292:Pornography 236:Transgender 220:Civil union 208:LGBT rights 153:Definitions 53:(1878–1942) 8469:Sex crimes 8428:Categories 8331:Trafficked 8289:Sex Slaves 8205:The Jammed 7810:Kyrgyzstan 7805:Kazakhstan 7775:East Timor 7737:Continents 7587:by country 7412:Castration 7348:By country 7219:Hebephilia 7198:Pedophilia 7061:Harassment 6880:Infidelity 6646:Uzbekistan 6591:Tajikistan 6376:Mozambique 6321:Madagascar 6311:Luxembourg 6281:Kyrgyzstan 6261:Kazakhstan 6074:East Timor 6044:Costa Rica 6019:Cape Verde 5934:Bangladesh 5924:Azerbaijan 5867:By country 5305:Madagascar 5270:Costa Rica 5250:Bangladesh 4152:2015-12-30 4109:2019-03-31 4048:2014-03-22 4026:2014-03-22 3995:2023-07-15 3817:2014-03-22 3693:2019-06-14 3330:BBC Online 3155:2012-03-20 3134:2012-03-20 3024:2012-09-15 2985:2020-10-08 2815:2013-07-30 2762:2012-03-20 2736:. 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