125:, 1973. This convention states that a person under 18 cannot work in a facility that may jeopardize their safety, health, or morals. This work includes mining, operation of heavy machinery, and heavy manual labor. Minors ages 13–15 May perform light work as long as the work does not bring any harm or hinder their education. Children under 13 are restricted from working. The Worst Forms of Child Labor conventions mandates that persons under 18 cannot be used in work as slaves, prostitution, pornography, or drug trafficking. The Medical Examination conventions hold that anyone under 18 cannot work in an industrialized or non-industrialized position without being deemed fit by medical professional. Person's under the age of 18 are not permitted to work underground such as in a mine. Persons aged 18–21 are required to be supervised when working in an underground environment. Lastly, persons over the age of 14 but younger than 18 must have at least 12 hours off, 14 if currently engaged in school, and these hours must include the hours of 10 pm through 6 am. These conventions and recommendations are in place to provide children with a safe working environment and promote their education. Since its start in 1919, 186 countries have become members of ILO. As a member of the ILO, countries vow to keep the minimum conventions held in the ILO constitution.
221:(IPEC) is an organization established in 1992 by the International Labour Organization. Where the ILO is centered on reform in all forms of labour, both adult and child, the IPEC primarily focuses on the elimination of all forms of child labour. The IPEC uses programs to remove children from working environments and places the children in an educational setting. The IPEC provides job training for the parents to enhance their economic position to reduce the reliance of income from the child. The IPEC currently has operations in 88 countries and is the largest operation in the world working to reduce child labour, it makes sure conditions are met and children are safe.
73:
Britain enacted its
Factory Act which restricted child labour and in 1841 France adopted its first child labour laws. Almost the entirety of Europe had child labor laws in place by 1890. Although individual states had adopted laws starting with Massachusetts in 1844, the United States did not enact federal laws until the Fair Labor Standards Act was passed in 1938. This law set minimum wages to 40 cents per hour (equivalent to $ 8.66 in 2023), restricted the child work week to 40 hours a week, and restricted children under 16 from working in manufacturing plants and mining. In 1941 the U.S. Supreme Court mandated that the law was constitutional.
214:, or ILO, is the leading organization advocating against child labour. The ILO mission is to promote the rights of workers, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and increase awareness of work-related issues. Founded in 1919 after World War One. Since its inception, the ILO has promoted safe working environments. In 1973, the ILO drafted its first conventions. Since then it has had several modifications. Currently, the ILO contains 186 nations that have vowed to maintain the minimum labour requirements in these conventions. The ILO continues to push for global labour laws and restrictions on child labour.
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were many changes and laws passed in several Asian and
Pacific Island countries. Thailand, the Philippines, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Sri Lanka, Nepal, the Maldives, India, Kiribati, Mongolia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Fiji, and Cambodia have seen laws passed limited the age of children laborers, increases in schools, and harsher punishments for those caught sexually exploiting children.
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227:, or the United Nation Children's Fund, was founded in 1919 after World War I. UNICEF promotes the safety and well-being of children and actively works to change harsh conditions that children live in. UNICEF promotes education for all children. UNICEF also works against to reduce and eliminate child labour and the exploitation of children. Currently UNICEF has programs in 190 countries and programs.
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reduction, there is an estimated 168 million children ages 5–17 still in the labor force. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest number of child laborers. Sub-Saharan Africa are enslaving child workers and exploiting their labour in the production of cocoa and mining. The ILO and IPEC are concentrating their efforts in Sub-African to reduce and eliminate child labour in the regions.
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countries brought together the ILO. In 1926, the United States joined the ILO. After World War II, the ILO was adopted, and then funded, by the United
Nations. After World War II, the ILO set out to change the child labour standards not just with the countries in the United Nations, but also expanded around the globe. In 1992 the ILO created the
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to increase child education, set age limits on child labor, and enacted laws to eliminate child trafficking and sexual exploitation. CĂ´te d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Niger, SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe, Tanzania, and Uganda have conducted individual research on child labor and child trafficking but have not enacted any laws.
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currently has 23 conventions, or laws, within its constitution that regulate the labor of adults and children. These laws include the minimum age restriction, protection against forced labor, holiday/vacation time granted, conditions of the workforce, safety standards, protections for pregnant women,
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increased during the
Industrial Revolution due to the children's abilities to access smaller spaces and the ability to pay children less wages. In 1839 Prussia was the first country to pass laws restricting child labor in factories and setting the number of hours a child could work, although a child
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has existed since the start of civilized society. Early history showed children were used to pick berries and do small maintenance in nomadic tribes. Once people started setting areas, children were used to help on the farmlands. This is a practice that continues even to today. Child labour expanded
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Since the start of these organizations, there has been a decrease in the number of child laborers. Between 2008 and 2012 there was a reduction of 78 million child laborers. This was nearly one third of child laborers since 2008, with the highest number of reduction in Asian countries. Even with the
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By 2014, there were an increase in child labour laws in many Sub-Saharan
African countries. Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Comoros, Madagascar, Seychelles, Zimbabwe, Chad, Cameroon, Cabo Verde, Lesotho, South Africa, Djibouti, Guinea, and Sierra Leone have produced plans
230:
The
International Initiative to End Child Labor (IIECL) is a not-for-profit organization based out of the United States that actively works around the world to end child labor. The IIECL uses education and training programs to enable children and adults to gain an education and promote adult based
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is a divide indicative of economic and political standings. Prior to the year 1990, most child labour laws were enacted in what has been termed the Global North. With the creation of many agencies, the promotion of child labour laws has expanded into what is termed the Global South. In 2014 there
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after the end of World War I as a way to bring safer working conditions for adults, institute minimum age labour limits, enhance working conditions for children, and eliminate child labour around the globe. In 1919 members of the ILO consisted of countries from the League of
Nations. In total 41
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In 1839 Prussia was the first country to pass laws restricting child labor in factories and setting the number of hours a child could work. Though the reasons behind why these laws were passed were to expand working conditions for adults, it did lead to laws being passed across Europe. In 1839
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and night time working conditions. Within these conditions are stricter standards set for the safety of children. Most of the conventions and recommendations for child labour fall under
Article 3, The Elimination of child labour and the protection of children and young persons.
234:
The Child Labor
Coalition was founded in 1989. The Child Labor Coalition uses its Stop Child Labor campaign to promote the education and well-being of working minors as well as actively work to eliminate the exploitation of children.
67:. Children were able to work in smaller places than adults could not access, such as chimney sweeps, behind cotton machines, and in small places in mining. This work was dangerous and children often lost their lives while working.
141:, WTFO. The WTFO set 10 core principles which includes that any products registered could not have been produced by forced child labour and if any child labour was provided it remained within the conventions of the ILO.
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labor skills. The organization also monitors and evaluates public and private sector, non-government organizations, organizational research, and development institutions to eliminate child labor.
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256:"Review of Kastner, Dieter, im Rheinland: Entstehung und Wirkung des ersten preuĂźischen Gesetzes gegen die Arbeit von Kindern in Fabriken von 1839"
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One way to ensure that products bought were not produced by child labour or through unsafe labour practices is by purchasing items through the
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labour law was passed was in 1836 in the state of
Massachusetts. Almost the entirety of Europe had child labour laws in place by 1890.
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585:"Convention C079 – Night Work of Young Persons (Non-Industrial Occupations) Convention, 1946 (No. 79)"
560:"Convention C124 – Medical Examination of Young Persons (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 124)"
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48:(ILO) works to set global minimum standards of labour. The United Nations declared 2021 as the
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Much of the labour laws enacted started either shortly before or after World War I. The
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715:"About the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) (IPEC)"
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370:"The History Place – Child Labor in America: About Photographer Lewis Hine"
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510:"Convention C182 – Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)"
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425:"Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor – Asia & the Pacific"
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International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (2013).
455:"Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor – Sub-Saharan Africa"
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Making Progress Against Child Labour: Global Estimates 200-2012
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765:"About IIECL – International Initiative to End Child Labor"
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The World of Child Labor: An Historical and Regional Survey
485:"Convention C138 – Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)"
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International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
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International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
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are statutes placing restrictions and regulations on the
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International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour.
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613:. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
178:. Please do not remove this message until
254:O'Sullivan, Michael E. (1 January 2006).
198:Learn how and when to remove this message
174:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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145:Global organizations promoting change
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281:"What is child labour?"
399:teacher.scholastic.com
344:Child labor in the U.S
123:Minimum Age Convention
84:were created with the
690:"Origins and history"
65:Industrial Revolution
374:www.historyplace.com
129:Changes taking place
86:Treaty of Versailles
775:on 25 November 2015
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340:"Timeline"
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