2025:, a Chicana photographic artist, has an assortment of work that explores her interpretation of being a woman and understanding the world she had been placed in by incorporating the idea of mestizo, the combining of cultures. Montoya became politicized after her residency in South Omaha after the exposure of a multitudinous amount of cultures. Montoya made pieces deliberately to highlight the presence of the absent often inspired through the early years of the Chicano Movement. Further influences of the Civil Rights Movement allowed her to implore the idea of the reinvention of the self in terms of culture and history that encapsulates you.
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Veteranas y Rucas, her photos depict men in baggy pants and women with teased hair making their way through a time of anti-immigrant sentiments and gang violence. What started as a way for
Rosales' family to connect over their shared culture through posting images of Chican@s history and nostalgia soon grew to an archive dedicated to not only 1990s Chican@ youth culture but also as far back as the 1940s. Additionally, Rosales has created art installations to display the archive away from its original digital format and exhibited solo shows
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1765:(SPARC). Judy Baca had noticed a lack of awareness toward women of color in her time in Venice, California and realized the difficulties as being a woman of color who is both a feminist and a Latina which prompted the creation of SPARC. It consisted of studio and workshop spaces for artists. SPARC functioned as an art gallery and also kept records of murals. SPARC was created to support youth in areas where gangs are prevalent, which is why community youth was involved in the making of
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2015:, a three-panel photograph featuring herself half nude in the center panel with the flag of Mexico and the United States of opposite sides as her body is tied up by the rope and her face covered. The triptych represents the imprisonment felt by the two cultures she belongs to. Laura Aguilar created a collection of work that accepts the human figure as its focal request. The best of her art is from her initial work, known as the
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icon to explore the shamelessness she believes should stem from a woman of today who does not conform to the expectation of society. Especially since La Virgen is typically clothed from head to toe, this piece of art challenges the themes the original pushes forward, including modesty and subservience. She expresses the need for ownership of the indigenous body. Alma López also painted
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nature rejects the natural appearance of women's bodies by embracing the fact that at an even earlier age, the Greek mythology would embrace it without the shame and fear that has developed. López challenges the virginal image by eradicating the stigma and sin that are often associated; she infuses a sacred religious image with sexuality so as to celebrate it rather than be ashamed.
2165:(1992) depicts La Virgen de Guadalupe as a baby surrounded by the womb, which is shaped by white, fluffy clouds and is surrounded by La Virgen’s typical yellow, sunlight rays and dark green garments. Within the child's clasped hands is a light red heart. Portraying both ideas of birth and regrowth, Cuaron focuses on a theme of new possibilities and formations. Cuaron’s painting,
2176:(2004) Cuaron depicts her first and only child swaddled in the protection of La Virgen's green mantle. She identifies the birth of her child and entry into motherhood as one of the most important moments in her life, extending gratitude to not only her child but birthers of new life everywhere.” Similarly, this print has similar color and design features to her original piece,
1982:('belly') in the spotlight as an image that uncovers bits of their insight, viewpoints, lives, loves, misuses, and individual battles. The piece was intended to spotlight something that most times women are made to feel like should be hidden, making it seem shameful, and as a reminder that body images can greatly influence a woman's life.
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artists utilized artistic collaborations and collectives that included men, while Anglo-feminist artists generally utilized women-only participants. Art has been used as a cultural reclamation process for
Chicana and Chicano artists allowing them to be proud of their roots by combining art styles to illustrate their multi-cultured lives.
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history and celebrate the forgotten figures of the
Chicano movement. Utilizing the word pocho as a means to take back the term used by Mexican to demean Chicanos and Chicanas. Chicano artists have used their art to educationally reaffirm historical events in their communities that have been rewritten in time.
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joined the all-male art collective in 1974 as its fifth member. This was crucial at the time as they were trying to be inclusive and steer away gender roles they grew up knowing The group decided not to change the name of Los Four despite having five members because they had already gained popularity
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in 1999, which portrays a modern Virgen de
Guadalupe unclothed, supported by an unclothed "angel" with the wings of a monarch. La Virgen wears nothing but flowers, but stands powerfully with her hands at her hips and her face expressing confidence and seriousness. She has reimagined the traditional
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in 1999, which depicts the traditional Virgen de
Guadalupe, nicknamed Lupe, lovingly embracing a mermaid. This is Alma López's commentary on Catholic Church teaching regarding sexuality and gender. She portrays a sacred individual romantically embracing another woman, directly challenging commonly
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among
Chicanas and Chicanos. Artists voiced their concerns about oppression and empowerment in all areas of race, gender, class, and sexuality. Chicana feminist artists and Anglo-feminist took a different approach in the way they collaborated and made their work during the 1970s. Chicana feminist
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use platforms like
Instagram as a part of their work. Rosales uses her role as an artist and an archivist to artfully collect photos and magazines of Chicanas from the 1990s. She portrayed her own understanding of growing up Chicana in East Los Angeles, a predominantly Latino area. On her account
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The Pocho
Research Society of Erased and Invisible History (PRS) was founded by Sandra de la Loza, the only known member in the organization, in 2001. The Pocho Research Society of Erased and Invisible History had a goal of uncovering hidden or otherwise distorted aspects of history in Chicano
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also focuses on themes of sexuality and the stigmas of women when she portrays La Virgen de
Guadalupe. In her piece, "Love Goddess" from 1978, López merges the image of La Virgen with an image of Sandro Bottecelli's "The Birth of Venus" from the mid-1480s. She makes the commentary that Christian
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was the first project made by SPARC showcasing topics of erasure of ethnic groups in
California and homophobia. SPARC provides deeper context in the omission of underrepresented communities and elicits the exclusion that happens in U.S. history. SPARC is still active and encourages a space for
2184:(1996), La Virgen de Guadalupe is depicted as a nude woman standing on a crescent–shaped moon at the center of the art piece. The disrobed religious figure is surrounded by a watermelon with red, orange, yellow, and white glow. Scholar, Teresa Eckmann's analysis of Cuaron's screen print,
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have gained popularity for their work in Chicana art for still other forms. Montes uses spoken word and slam traditions among other mediums to relate with her Latina following about identity. She reads her poetry in unconventional places and questions women's historically subservient and
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at the center with two women arched the history of Los Angeles and met with historians as she originally planned out the mural. The mural was halted after Carrasco refused alterations demanded from City Hall due to her depictions of formerly enslaved entrepreneur and philanthropist
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are four Chicana feminist artists who used reinterpretations of La Virgen de Guadalupe to empower Chicanas. La Virgen as a symbol of the challenges Chicanas face as a result of the unique oppression they experience religiously, culturally, and through their gender.
2188:(1996), makes a reference to the “sexual metaphor of the sandia, or watermelon, as an image of women's genitalia.” Furthermore, this screen print was recreated in 1997, by using an alternative medium of watercolor paint. This new version of the piece,
2195:(1997) depicts La Virgen de Guadalupe fully clothed in a pink gown covered by her recognizable green mantle with golden sun rays. She is standing on a red crescent–shaped watermelon slice, instead of a crescent moon in the original piece of 1996.
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to challenge thought of character, identity, embodiment, and culture. Starting in the 1970s, Chicana artists began experimenting with street based performances that highlighted their unique role as cultural outsiders to white middle-class norms.
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from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s. Asco's art spoke about the problems that arise from Chican@s unique experience residing at the intersection of racial, gender, and sexual oppression. Contemporary Chicana performance artists include
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has been used by Chicana artists to explore themes of repression and feminine strength. She has become a symbol through which artists have attempted to eradicate the stigmas facing women's place in society and ownership of their bodies.
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as their group name as a way to demonstrate the duality of being Chicano and their Chicano culture. In the 1970s, Los Four became a part of the Chicano movement showcasing their murals with political themes tied to them. Muralist
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followed beliefs that ostracize LGBTQ individuals. Alma López pushes the boundaries that confine the common woman, depicting La Virgen de Guadalupe in modern and controversial light as she paints. "Our Lady of Controversy:
1734:. Not many Chicana artists were allowed to participate in the Woman's Building's exhibitions or shows. Chicana artists Olivia Sanchez and Rosalyn Mesquite were among the few included. Additionally, the group
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2037:, who works with sculpture, create art that represent their culture and get little recognition. New art forms have risen as technology has begun to play a more vital role in daily life as artists like
2019:, which started in 1987. The series comprises highly contrasting pictures of ladies who identified as Latina and lesbian. Photographs in this series frequently went with the woman's signature as well.
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2003:, known for her "compassionate photography," which often involved using herself as the subject of her work but also individuals who lacked representation in the mainstream: Chicanas, the
2050:. Rosales is the recipient of a 2019 Gordon Parks Foundation Fellowship. She was the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's first Instagram artist in residence in 2017. Others like poet
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lesbian bar. Aguilar utilized her body in the desert as the subject of her photographs wherein she manipulated it to look sculpted from the landscape. In 1990, Aguilar created
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Though the Chicano movement has passed, Chicanas continue to use art as a way to uplift their perspectives and celebrate Chicana voices. Young Chicana artists like
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values and embody feminist themes through different mediums such as murals, painting, and photography. The momentum created from the Chicano Movement spurred a
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no. 12, 2016 pp.1-18. www.essex.ac.uk/arthistory/research/pdfs/arara-issue-12/2.%20Spic(y)%20Appropriations.Ivan%20Ramos.pp.1-18.pdf. Accessed February 5, 2017.
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in the 1960s. It used art to express political and social resistance through different art mediums. Chicana artists explore and interrogate traditional
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lower-serving roles than men. As she writes, she keeps the Chicano culture in Los Angeles in mind, through women's collectives like Mujeres de Maiz.
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opened in Los Angeles, California in 1973. In addition to housing women-owned businesses, the center held multiple art galleries and studio spaces.
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Sanchez, Starlina. “Agency, Accessibility, and Abolition–Exploring Reproductive Justice in Art.” Self Help Graphics & Art, August 12, 2022.
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as a way to describe her performances of Mexican iconography that reveal the ways they function as racist tropes within performance cultures.
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1865:. It took five summers to complete the 700 meter long mural. The mural was completed by Baca, Judithe Hernández, Olga Muñiz, Isabel Castro,
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In 1989, Yreina Cervántez along with assistants Claudia Escobedes, Erick Montenegro, Vladimir Morales, and Sonia Ramos began the mural
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Baca started putting women in leadership roles and trying to get them to become involved in the making of the mural. Located in
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3360:"Making Aztlán: Ideology and Culture of the Chicana and Chicano Movement, 1966–1977 by Juan Gómez-Quiñones, Irene Vásquez"
2527:"Making Aztlán: Ideology and Culture of the Chicana and Chicano Movement, 1966–1977 by Juan Gómez-Quiñones, Irene Vásquez"
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Surage, Chloe, "Art and La Virgin de Guadalupe: Towards Social Transformation" (2011). Undergraduate Honors Theses. 691.
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It defies the reverence and holiness of La Virgen by being depicted as a tattoo on a lesbian's back. She also painted
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and Irma Mayorga and presented as a solo performance by Grise herself. This performance art piece strikingly puts the
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3007:"Guadalupe Rosales used Instagram to create an archive of Chicano youth of the '90s — now it's an art installation"
2953:"Guadalupe Rosales used Instagram to create an archive of Chicano youth of the '90s — now it's an art installation"
2577:"Claims by Anglo American feminists and Chicanas/os for alternative space: The LA art scene in the political 1970s"
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Eckmann, Teresa. “Chicano Artists and Neo-Mexicanists: (De) Constructions of National Identity,” no. 36 (2000).
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in the 1970s as they were intended to bring people together. Judy Baca was the first Chicana to create a mural,
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https://www.selfhelpgraphics.com/blog/agency-accessibility-and-abolition-exploring-reproductive-justice-in-art
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Dicochea, Perlita (2004). "Chicana Critical Rhetoric: Recrafting La Causa in Chicana Movement Discourse".
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community, and women of different body types. During the 1990s, Aguilar photographed the patrons of an
2927:"Diana Yesenia Alvarado's Sculptures Depict the Sounds, Smells, People, and Colors of Her Neighborhood"
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Ramos, Ivan. "Spic(y) Appropriation: The Gustatory Aesthetics of Xandra Ibarra (a.k.a. La Chica Boom)."
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2172:(1992) was recreated again in 2004 through a different kind of artistic medium, as a screen print. “In
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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Hernández, Ester. La Virgen de Guadalupe Defendiendo los Derechos de Los Xicanos. 1975. Painting.
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Chicana sexuality and gender : cultural refiguring in literature, oral history, and art
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3128:"Locating A Transborder Archive of Queer Chicana Feminist and Mexican Lesbian Feminist Art"
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through the name Los Four. The collective was active in the 1970s through early 1980s.
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2753:"After 27 years in a warehouse, a once-censored mural rises in L.A.'s Union Station"
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in addition to over 400 more artists and community youth. During the creation of
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The painting recognizes lesbian love and challenges the traditional role of
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were the preferred medium of street art used by Chicana artists during the
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Comida y Tradiciones: La Virgen de Sandia, 1997 by Margarita “Mita” Cuarón
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is a performance art piece built around the narratives of Chicana women.
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2659:"Bicultural and Bilingual: Los Four's Legacy and Impact on Art History"
2634:"Bicultural and Bilingual: Los Four's Legacy and Impact on Art History"
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Chicana community collaboration in cultural and artistic campaigns.
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Chicana entertainers have utilized the deconstructive qualities of
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focuses on eradicating the stigmas surrounding women. She painted
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https://hrc.clas.asu.edu/content/comida-y-tradiciones-art-exhibit
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The mural, a tribute to Latina and Latino farm workers, features
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La Virgen de Guadalupe Defendiendo los Derechos de Los Xicanos
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Art and La Virgen de Guadalupe: Towards Social Transformation
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references the sacred Virgen de Guadalupe in her painting,
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
2974:"The Veteranas of Chicana Youth Culture in Los Angeles"
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García, Mario T.; McCracken, Ellen, eds. (2021-03-09).
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3244:https://calisphere.org/item/ark:/13030/hb1290040c/
2134:is mixed media and is a sacrilegious depiction of
1988:is Chicana performance artist who coined the term
2817:"La Chica Boom and the Pedagogy of Queer Failure"
2728:"Mur Murs: Murals, Chicanas, and the Female Gaze"
2704:"Mur Murs: Murals, Chicanas, and the Female Gaze"
1822:Murals of Los Angeles § Chicano art movement
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3314:Hernández, Ester. La Ofrenda. 1988. Painting.
3305:Lopez, Yolanda. Love Goddess. 1978. Painting.
3242:. 1996. Self-Help Graphics and Art Archives.
3210:https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/54845924.pdf.
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1977:
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1797:" were the original members who came up with
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3178:https://scholar.colorado.edu/honr_theses/691
2863:ARARA- Art and Architecture in the Americas,
3277:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAf5TgSrQgY
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2283:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2303:Learn how and when to remove this message
1745:Social Public Art Resource Center (SPARC)
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
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3208:. University of Colorado Boulder, 2011.
3005:Miranda, Carolina A. (19 October 2018).
2951:Miranda, Carolina A. (19 October 2018).
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1047:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
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1851:. Murals became largely popular during
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3405:, Duke University Press, pp. 1–10
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3341:, Duke University Press, pp. 1–10
3164:Lopez, Alma. Our Lady. 1999. Painting.
2875:Miranda, Carolina A. (25 April 2018).
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2048:Legends Never Die, A Collective Memory
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1938:was a member of the performance group
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2484:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
2463:Social and Public Art Resource Center
1763:Social and Public Art Resource Center
3397:GONZÁLEZ, JENNIFER A. (2019-01-17),
3333:GONZÁLEZ, JENNIFER A. (2019-01-17),
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2281:adding citations to reliable sources
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2245:Collective memory/correcting history
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1424:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1361:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
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2180:(1992). In Cuaron's screen print,
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3364:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
3088:. Otis College of Art and Design.
3082:"MFA Public Practice Alumni Work"
2531:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
3032:Greenberger, Alex (2019-02-12).
2903:"Interview with Delilah Montoya"
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2612:. University of Arizona Press.
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280:California agricultural strikes
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855:From This Wicked Patch of Dust
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2972:Smith, Melissa (2018-09-27).
2575:Zetterman, Eva (2016-03-01).
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2044:Echoes of a Collective Memory
1879:Tujunga Flood Control Channel
1875:The Great Wall of Los Angeles
1863:The Great Wall of Los Angeles
1836:The Great Wall of Los Angeles
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1771:The Great Wall of Los Angeles
1767:The Great Wall of Los Angeles
911:...y no se lo tragó la tierra
450:Occupation of Catalina Island
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1840:Judy Baca, Los Angeles, 1978
1793:and Robert de La Rocha, or "
1567:Indigenous Mexican Americans
1271:Self Help Graphics & Art
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2815:Kaplan, Erin (2020-07-21).
2421:Patricia Rodriguez (artist)
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1701:art emerged as part of the
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242:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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2356:Consuelo Jimenez Underwood
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1740:Venas de la Mujer in 1976.
1068:This Bridge Called My Back
814:Who Would Have Thought It?
3105:. Duke University Press.
2792:Patricia Herrera (2011).
2732:Google Arts & Culture
2708:Google Arts & Culture
2149:’s most famous pieces of
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1572:Punjabi Mexican Americans
1304:Great Wall of Los Angeles
876:The House on Mango Street
728:Mexican-American folklore
460:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
285:Cantaloupe strike of 1928
3434:Mexican-American culture
3358:Orozco, Cynthia (2015).
3126:Serna, Cristina (2017).
2593:10.22439/asca.v48i1.5361
2525:Orozco, Cynthia (2015).
2178:Virgen de Guadalupe Baby
2163:Virgen de Guadalupe Baby
2159:Virgen de Guadalupe Baby
1650:United States portal
1061:The Church in the Barrio
921:Poetry and Short Stories
657:Mexican-American cuisine
498:1985–1987 cannery strike
3403:Chicano and Chicana Art
3339:Chicano and Chicana Art
3190:Lupe and Sirena in Love
2436:Santa Contreras Barraza
2411:Margarita "Mita" Cuaron
2351:Celia Herrera Rodriguez
2320:Notable Chicana artists
2147:Margarita “Mita” Cuaron
2142:Margarita "Mita" Cuaron
2123:Lupe and Sirena in Love
2094:Margarita "Mita" Cuaron
1389:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
1233:Royal Chicano Air Force
1092:Coyolxauhqui imperative
904:Under the Feet of Jesus
2779:"The Panza Monologues"
2416:Marta Sánchez (artist)
2237:
2228:
2085:la Virgen de Guadalupe
2080:
2035:Diana Yesenia Alvarado
1978:
1853:
1841:
1368:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
1251:Centro de Arte Público
1213:East Los Streetscapers
952:Pensamiento Serpentino
542:Great American Boycott
420:Las Adelitas de Aztlán
390:Conferencia de Mujeres
178:Anti-Mexican sentiment
89:
42:by rewriting it in an
3376:10.1353/swh.2015.0026
3099:Blake, Debra (2008).
2543:10.1353/swh.2015.0026
2496:10.1353/fro.2004.0032
2452:Chicana artist groups
2406:Laura Molina (artist)
2151:Our Lady of Guadalupe
2132:Irreverent Apparition
2071:
2017:Latina Lesbian Series
1833:
1755:Christina Schlesinger
1749:In 1976, co-founders
1446:Madrigal v. Quilligan
1403:Mendez v. Westminster
1340:Botiller v. Dominguez
1132:Youth control complex
508:2019 El Paso shooting
465:Plan de Santa Bárbara
360:Católicos por La Raza
290:Citrus Strike of 1936
232:San Elizario Salt War
203:Early-American Period
77:
3144:10.1353/ff.2017.0030
2833:10.1353/tt.2020.0015
2277:improve this section
2077:Oaks on the Hillside
2009:Eastside Los Angeles
1970:The Panza Monologues
1966:The Panza Monologues
1889:, the mural depicts
1753:(the only Chicana),
1396:Leal Garcia v. Texas
1018:MAS Programs, Tucson
807:Living Up the Street
559:Justice for Janitors
425:Los Siete de la Raza
380:Colegio César Chávez
300:Mexican Repatriation
251:Pre-Chicano Movement
222:Mexican–American War
3240:Virgen de la Sandía
3132:Feminist Formations
2684:"Wikimedia Commons"
2346:Celia Álvarez Muñoz
2186:Virgen de la Sandía
2182:Virgen de la Sandía
2155:Virgen de la Sandía
2052:Felicia "Fe" Montes
2013:Three Eagles Flying
1960:La Panza Monologues
1887:San Fernando Valley
1711:Chicano Renaissance
1435:Federal Court cases
1329:Supreme Court cases
647:New Mexican cuisine
609:Abrazos, no balazos
530:Chicano Art Exhibit
503:1992 Drywall Strike
489:Post-Chicano Period
480:United Farm Workers
430:Los Seis de Boulder
415:Land grant struggle
405:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc
320:Sleepy Lagoon trial
95:Part of a series on
3062:unframed.lacma.org
2978:The New York Times
2458:Mujeres Muralistas
2341:Carmen Lomas Garza
2081:
1842:
1471:Population by City
1347:Hernandez v. Texas
1256:Galería de la Raza
1223:Mujeres Muralistas
1122:Spiritual activism
776:Chicano literature
771:Chicana literature
576:South Central Farm
400:East L.A. walkouts
375:Chicano Moratorium
265:Bisbee Deportation
217:Las Gorras Blancas
90:
44:encyclopedic style
31:is written like a
3112:978-0-8223-8122-8
3012:Los Angeles Times
2958:Los Angeles Times
2882:Los Angeles Times
2781:– via IMDb.
2758:Los Angeles Times
2619:978-0-8165-4297-0
2331:Amalia Mesa-Bains
2313:
2312:
2305:
2203:Like Alma Lopez,
2039:Guadalupe Rosales
1972:were composed by
1804:Judithe Hernández
1696:
1695:
1633:
1632:
1615:Mexican Americans
1580:
1579:
1520:Dallas–Fort Worth
1455:
1454:
1417:Perez v. Brownell
1410:Bernal v. Fainter
1382:Medellín v. Texas
1312:
1311:
1242:Art organizations
1140:
1139:
968:
967:
945:Moment of Silence
746:
745:
584:
583:
350:Black-brown unity
315:Porvenir Massacre
310:Plan de San Diego
305:Operation Wetback
185:
184:
105:Mexican Americans
72:
71:
64:
3446:
3429:Chicana feminism
3413:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3288:
3282:
3270:
3264:
3255:
3249:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3212:
3202:
3193:
3192:, 1999 painting.
3186:
3180:
3174:
3165:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2572:
2555:
2554:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2479:
2446:Yreina Cervantez
2401:Laura E. Alvarez
2336:Barbara Carrasco
2308:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2257:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2083:Over the years,
1981:
1867:Yreina Cervántez
1856:
1849:Chicano Movement
1795:Beto de la Rocha
1761:established the
1724:Woman's Building
1707:Mexican-American
1703:Chicano Movement
1688:
1681:
1674:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1593:
1592:
1468:
1467:
1325:
1324:
1228:Teatro Campesino
1153:
1152:
1054:Brown, Not White
995:Chicana feminism
983:
982:
862:Mexican WhiteBoy
834:Bless Me, Ultima
790:Autobiographical
759:
758:
723:Lowrider bicycle
597:
596:
564:Murder of Selena
475:Raza Unida Party
335:Chicano Movement
270:Bloody Christmas
200:
199:
126:
125:
115:
92:
91:
67:
60:
56:
53:
47:
24:
23:
16:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3406:
3395:
3391:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3342:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3289:
3285:
3271:
3267:
3256:
3252:
3237:
3230:
3219:
3215:
3204:Surage, Chloe.
3203:
3196:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3097:
3093:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3040:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2970:
2966:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2925:
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2920:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2887:
2885:
2873:
2869:
2860:
2856:
2813:
2809:
2790:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2763:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2604:
2600:
2573:
2558:
2523:
2519:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2454:
2371:Ester Hernandez
2361:Delilah Montoya
2322:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2274:
2258:
2247:
2217:Ester Hernández
2214:
2212:Ester Hernandez
2201:
2144:
2111:
2102:Ester Hernandez
2066:
2061:
2031:
2023:Delilah Montoya
1998:
1963:
1953:Monica Palacios
1931:performance art
1927:
1925:Performance art
1919:Zoot Suit Riots
1828:
1818:
1813:
1780:
1747:
1732:white feminists
1720:
1692:
1644:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1610:Chicano rappers
1590:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1531:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1429:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1275:
1237:
1194:Art Collectives
1189:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1073:
1032:
1004:
1000:Chicanafuturism
980:
978:Chicano studies
970:
969:
964:
916:
897:So Far from God
819:
785:
756:
748:
747:
742:
694:
661:
652:Tex-Mex cuisine
633:
619:Chicano English
594:
586:
585:
580:
570:Proposition 187
519:Arizona SB 1070
484:
365:Centro Cultural
329:
325:Zoot Suit Riots
275:Bracero program
260:1917 Bath riots
246:
197:
187:
186:
123:
68:
57:
51:
48:
40:help improve it
37:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3452:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3415:
3414:
3399:"Introduction"
3389:
3370:(4): 440–442.
3350:
3335:"Introduction"
3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3283:
3265:
3250:
3238:Cuarón, Mita.
3228:
3213:
3194:
3181:
3166:
3157:
3118:
3111:
3091:
3073:
3049:
3024:
2997:
2964:
2943:
2918:
2894:
2867:
2854:
2821:Theatre Topics
2807:
2784:
2770:
2743:
2719:
2695:
2675:
2650:
2625:
2618:
2598:
2556:
2537:(4): 440–442.
2517:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:Isis Rodriguez
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2213:
2210:
2200:
2197:
2170:Guadalupe Baby
2143:
2140:
2110:
2107:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2030:
2027:
1997:
1994:
1974:Virginia Grise
1962:
1957:
1949:Nao Bustamente
1926:
1923:
1906:Dolores Huerta
1826:Chicano murals
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1787:Carlos Almaráz
1779:
1776:
1746:
1743:
1728:Women of color
1719:
1716:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
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1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1555:Nuevomexicanos
1552:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
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1527:
1522:
1512:
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1331:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1299:Estrada Courts
1296:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:Chicano cinema
1172:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1097:Gringo justice
1094:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
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1071:
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1057:
1050:
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926:
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922:
918:
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893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
829:
826:
825:
821:
820:
818:
817:
810:
803:
800:Always Running
795:
792:
791:
787:
786:
784:
783:
781:Chicano poetry
778:
773:
767:
764:
763:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
743:
741:
740:
735:
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483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
410:Huelga schools
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
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262:
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234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
212:Josefa Segovia
208:
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188:
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149:
144:
139:
131:
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124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
108:
107:
97:
96:
86:Judith F. Baca
70:
69:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3451:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3188:López, Alma.
3185:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3001:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2947:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2804:(2): 206–211.
2803:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2685:
2679:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2590:
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2578:
2571:
2569:
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2565:
2563:
2561:
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2528:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:Yolanda López
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:Santa Barraza
2429:
2427:
2426:Rita Gonzalez
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:Laura Aguilar
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
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2367:
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2327:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2304:
2296:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2262:This section
2260:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2230:
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2222:
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2205:Yolanda López
2199:Yolanda López
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2098:Yolanda López
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2078:
2074:
2073:Linda Vallejo
2070:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:Laura Aguilar
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:Xandra Ibarra
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:Xandra Ibarra
1941:
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1936:Patssi Valdez
1932:
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1871:Patssi Valdez
1868:
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1855:
1854:El Movimiento
1850:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:, along with
1788:
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1783:Gilbert Luján
1775:
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1626:
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1606:
1605:Chicano poets
1603:
1601:
1600:Chicano films
1598:
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1375:Plyler v. Doe
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1208:Culture Clash
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1112:New tribalism
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1087:Barrioization
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625:
624:Chicano names
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55:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
18:
17:
3407:, retrieved
3402:
3392:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3343:, retrieved
3338:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3301:
3286:
3272:
3268:
3253:
3239:
3216:
3205:
3189:
3184:
3160:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3101:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:
3052:
3041:. Retrieved
3037:
3027:
3016:. Retrieved
3010:
3000:
2989:. Retrieved
2977:
2967:
2956:
2946:
2935:. Retrieved
2933:. 2020-10-21
2930:
2921:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:
2897:
2886:. Retrieved
2880:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2827:(2): 85–97.
2824:
2820:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2773:
2762:. Retrieved
2756:
2746:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:
2722:
2711:. Retrieved
2707:
2698:
2687:. Retrieved
2678:
2667:. Retrieved
2665:. 2022-06-17
2662:
2653:
2642:. Retrieved
2640:. 2022-06-17
2637:
2628:
2608:
2601:
2587:(1): 61–83.
2584:
2580:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2490:(1): 77–92.
2487:
2483:
2477:
2391:Kathy Vargas
2386:Juana Alicia
2366:Diane Gamboa
2314:
2299:
2290:
2275:Please help
2263:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2202:
2192:
2190:Virgen de la
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2082:
2076:
2047:
2043:
2032:
2021:
2016:
2012:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1928:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1885:area of the
1874:
1862:
1858:
1843:
1834:
1791:Frank Romero
1781:
1766:
1759:Donna Deitch
1748:
1739:
1736:Las Chicanas
1735:
1721:
1710:
1697:
1625:Bibliography
1486:California (
1444:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1294:Chicano Park
1266:Precita Eyes
1185:Tortilla art
1164:
1117:Rasquachismo
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
957:
950:
943:
938:I Am Joaquin
936:
929:
909:
902:
895:
888:
883:The Rain God
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
848:Desert Blood
846:
839:
832:
812:
805:
798:
733:Pancho Claus
708:Cal-Style VW
690:Tejano music
685:Chicano soul
680:Chicano rock
568:
554:Farah strike
546:
534:
517:
355:Brown Berets
79:
58:
49:
30:
3439:Chicano art
2157:(1996) and
2029:Modern work
1996:Photography
1911:Biddy Mason
1898:La Ofrenda,
1883:Valley Glen
1859:Mi Abuelita
1550:Californios
1536:Multiethnic
1488:Los Angeles
1289:Balmy Alley
1170:Chicano art
1165:Chicana art
1102:Nahui Ollin
675:Chicano rap
525:Castro 2020
513:Abolish ICE
3423:Categories
3409:2023-10-12
3345:2023-10-10
3067:2019-04-17
3043:2019-03-02
3018:2018-11-28
2991:2019-03-02
2937:2021-12-08
2912:2023-10-24
2907:El Palacio
2888:2018-11-28
2764:2018-11-28
2737:2022-10-27
2713:2022-10-26
2689:2018-11-28
2669:2022-10-27
2644:2023-10-09
2469:References
2326:Alma López
2293:March 2023
2229:la familia
2221:La Ofrenda
2174:Nacimiento
2128:Alma Lopez
2114:Alma López
2109:Alma López
2090:Alma López
1990:spictacles
1891:California
1820:See also:
1811:Street art
1738:exhibited
1507:Nebraska (
1500:Michigan (
1493:Illinois (
1464:Population
1156:Visual Art
1149:Visual art
762:Literature
755:Literature
470:Quinto Sol
370:Chicanismo
295:La Matanza
237:Sonoratown
227:Mutualista
52:April 2019
3384:1558-9560
3152:149087764
3138:(3): 49.
2986:0362-4331
2849:226665126
2841:1086-3346
2638:PBS SoCal
2551:1558-9560
2512:143518721
2381:Judy Baca
2264:does not
2167:Virgen de
2136:La Virgen
2064:La Virgen
1751:Judy Baca
1545:Blaxicans
1479:Arizona (
1280:Locations
1127:Vergüenza
959:The Moths
931:Emplumada
841:Caballero
738:Zoot suit
3275:, 2020.
2241:(1975).
2161:(1992).
2118:Our Lady
1799:Los Four
1778:Los Four
1655:Category
1218:Los Four
1107:Nepantla
718:Lowrider
600:Language
170:Concepts
129:Identity
101:Chicanos
3038:ARTnews
2931:amadeus
2504:3347255
2285:removed
2270:sources
2223:(1988).
1881:in the
1699:Chicana
1620:Writers
1560:Tejanos
1525:Houston
1502:Detroit
1495:Chicago
699:Symbols
593:Culture
195:History
157:Pinta/o
152:Pachuco
147:Pachuca
142:La Raza
137:Chola/o
38:Please
3382:
3150:
3109:
2984:
2847:
2839:
2616:
2549:
2510:
2502:
2193:Sandía
2079:, 2007
2059:Themes
1951:, and
1913:, the
1869:, and
1845:Murals
1824:, and
1816:Murals
1757:, and
1481:Tucson
1078:Theory
986:Fields
824:Novels
713:Homies
345:Aztlán
162:Xicanx
88:(2008)
3148:S2CID
2845:S2CID
2508:S2CID
2500:JSTOR
2005:LBGTQ
1979:panza
1660:Index
1589:Lists
1515:Texas
1509:Omaha
1037:Texts
1023:NACCS
666:Music
629:Órale
445:MEChA
122:Terms
84:, by
3380:ISSN
3107:ISBN
2982:ISSN
2837:ISSN
2663:KCET
2614:ISBN
2547:ISSN
2268:any
2266:cite
2153:are
2100:and
2046:and
1940:Asco
1722:The
1203:Asco
1180:Paño
638:Food
614:Caló
548:IRCA
536:DACA
455:PCUN
440:MAYO
435:MANA
385:CFMN
103:and
78:The
3372:doi
3368:118
3140:doi
2829:doi
2589:doi
2539:doi
2535:118
2492:doi
2279:by
2075:'s
1321:Law
395:CRP
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