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29:
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472:
434:. The sedimentary walls of the crater progressively slumped in, widened the crater, and formed a layer of huge blocks on the floor of the ring-like trough. The slump blocks were then covered with the rubble or
907:
Sanford, Ward E.; Doughten, Michael W.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Hunt, Andrew G.; Bullen, Thomas D. (13 November 2013). "Evidence for high salinity of Early
Cretaceous sea water from the Chesapeake Bay crater".
780:
534:
which helped predetermine the course of local rivers and the eventual location of the
Chesapeake Bay. Most important for present-day inhabitants of the area, the impact disrupted
440:. The entire bolide event, from initial impact to the termination of breccia deposition, lasted only a few hours or days. In the perspective of geological time, the 1.2
422:, one of the impact crater's discoverers, described the immediate aftermath: "Within minutes, millions of tons of water, sediment, and shattered rock were cast high into the
995:
448:) breccia was an instantaneous deposit. The crater was then buried by additional sedimentary beds that have accumulated during the 35 million years following the impact.
137:
813:
Koeberl, C.; Poag, C. W.; Reimold, W. U.; Brandt, D. (1996-03-01). "Impact Origin of the
Chesapeake Bay Structure and the Source of the North American Tektites".
332:
The bolide made impact at a speed of approximately 17.8 kilometers per second (11.1 miles per second), punching a deep hole through the sediments and into the
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1004:
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628:
Schmitz, Birger; Boschi, Samuele; Cronholm, Anders; Heck, Philipp R.; Monechi, Simonetta; Montanari, Alessandro; Terfelt, Fredrik (2015).
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395:. However, numerical modeling techniques by Collins et al. indicate that the post-impact diameter was likely to have been around 40
792:
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992:
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360:) across, is surrounded by a flat-floored terrace-like ring trough with an outer edge of collapsed blocks forming ring faults.
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Collins, Gareth S.; WĂĽnnemann, Kai (2005). "How big was the
Chesapeake Bay impact? Insight from numerical modeling".
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340:. The bolide itself was completely vaporized, with the basement rock being fractured to depths of 8
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712:"Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars"
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Until 1983 there was no evidence of a large impact crater buried beneath the lower part of the
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1599:
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976:
Post-impact
Effects of the Eocene Chesapeake Bay Impact, Lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia
859:
The
Chesapeake Bay crater: geology and geophysics of a Late Eocene submarine impact structure
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423:
648:
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917:
822:
753:
644:
630:"Fragments of Late Eocene Earth-impacting asteroids linked to disturbance of asteroid belt"
584:
431:
8:
1184:
982:, Williamsburg, Virginia, Oct. 19 and 20, 2001, G.H. Johnson et al. (fieldtrip guidebook)
302:
76:
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the eastern shore of North
America about 35.5 ± 0.3 million years ago, in the late
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epoch. It is one of the best-preserved "wet-target" impact craters in the world.
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259:
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Planetary and Space
Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton
1339:
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1158:
1020:'The Chesapeake Bay bolide: modern consequences of an ancient cataclysm.'
781:""Mind-Blowing" Discovery: Oldest Body of Seawater Found in Giant Crater"
427:
384:
314:
108:
929:
856:
Poag, C. Wylie; Koeberl, Christian; Reimold, Wolf Uwe (1 January 2004).
530:
and shaped the
Chesapeake Bay. The impact crater created a long-lasting
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1405:
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seawater, making the entire lower
Chesapeake Bay area susceptible to
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over the rubble of the crater has helped shape the Chesapeake Bay.
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probable impact crater 322 km (200 mi) to the northeast.
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963:
Chesapeake Invader: Discovering America's Giant Meteorite Crater.
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were rich with marine life that was depositing dense layers of
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of the rubble within the crater has affected the flow of the
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487:. The first hint was an 8-inch-thick (20 cm) layer of
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408:
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shallows. The shore of eastern North America, about where
1005:
A brief introduction to the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater.
993:'Isostatic Rebound and its effects on the Chesapeake Bay'
906:
627:
538:. The present freshwater aquifers lie above a deep salty
426:
for hundreds of miles along the East Coast." An enormous
1015:
USGS, 'The Chesapeake meteorite: message from the past.'
812:
1010:
USGS, 'Investigating the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater.'
507:
grains that are unmistakable signs of a bolide impact.
1036:
Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure Deep Drilling Project
414:
The surrounding region suffered massive devastation.
560:
451:
The impact has been identified as the source of the
33:
Location of impact site in relation to North America
855:
965:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
352:being raised around it. The deep crater, 38
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743:
621:
430:engulfed the land and possibly even reached the
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363:The entire circular crater is about 85
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542:, remnants of 100- to 145-million-year-old
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16:Impact crater in the Eastern United States
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205:
1614:
1044:
980:Virginia Geological Field Conference
779:Dell'Amore, Christine (2013-11-21).
403:), rather than the observed 85
254:, United States. It was formed by a
1632:Impact craters of the United States
862:. Impact Studies. Berlin, Germany:
637:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
514:revealed the extent of the crater.
491:found in a drilling core taken off
218:Location of impact site in Virginia
13:
387:) deep, an area twice the size of
14:
1653:
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301:is today, was covered with thick
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720:United States Geological Survey
250:, located beneath the mouth of
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1:
1594:Lunar and Planetary Institute
1426:Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
1030:Satellite image of the region
835:10.1126/science.271.5253.1263
615:
466:
453:North American tektite field
391:, and nearly as deep as the
244:Chesapeake Bay impact crater
22:Chesapeake Bay impact crater
7:
1486:Planar deformation features
789:National Geographic Society
556:
371:) in diameter and 1.3
10:
1658:
1589:Impact Field Studies Group
658:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.041
475:Profile view of the crater
1524:
1393:
1172:
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1096:
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1072:Impact cratering on Earth
872:10.1007/978-3-642-18900-5
551:groundwater contamination
493:Atlantic City, New Jersey
326:Boundaries of the crater.
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1559:William Kenneth Hartmann
1225:Clearwater East and West
1173:Confirmed≥20 km diameter
599:Popigai impact structure
63:0.81 miles (1.3 km)
1476:Ordovician meteor event
978:, 31st Annual Meeting,
649:2015E&PSL.425...77S
518:Effects on local rivers
313:from their microscopic
293:of Virginia lay in the
277:Formation and aftermath
39:Impact crater/structure
1579:Eugene Merle Shoemaker
1456:Late Heavy Bombardment
532:topographic depression
476:
327:
269:Continued slumping of
1637:Eocene impact craters
1622:Earth Impact Database
1600:Traces of Catastrophe
1584:Earth Impact Database
1532:Ralph Belknap Baldwin
1025:Earth Impact Database
686:Earth Impact Database
593:Toms Canyon structure
474:
325:
281:During the warm late
71:1.9 miles (3 km)
55:53 miles (85 km)
585:United States portal
483:and its surrounding
432:Blue Ridge Mountains
930:10.1038/nature12714
922:2013Natur.503..252S
827:1996Sci...271.1263K
821:(5253): 1263–1266.
785:National Geographic
758:2005Geo....33..925C
510:In 1993, data from
303:tropical rainforest
289:were high, and the
149: /
1496:Shock metamorphism
1401:Alvarez hypothesis
1032:(from Google Maps)
998:2014-02-05 at the
866:. pp. 69–93.
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299:Richmond, Virginia
81:35.5 ± 0.3 million
1609:
1608:
1549:Edward C. T. Chao
916:(7475): 252–256.
888:on 9 October 2016
881:978-3-642-62347-9
307:continental shelf
240:
239:
153:37.283°N 76.017°W
68:Impactor diameter
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1574:Peter H. Schultz
1537:Daniel Barringer
1446:Impact structure
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961:Poag, C. Wiley.
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791:. Archived from
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1300:Nördlinger Ries
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795:on 2013-11-21
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1642:Megatsunamis
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1569:Graham Ryder
1491:Shatter cone
1481:Philippinite
1330:Saint Martin
1325:Rochechouart
1230:Gosses Bluff
1214:
1185:Amelia Creek
1088:Impact event
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962:
956:Bibliography
913:
909:
902:
890:. Retrieved
886:the original
858:
851:
818:
814:
808:
797:. Retrieved
793:the original
784:
774:
749:
745:
724:. Retrieved
715:
706:
696:15 September
694:. Retrieved
684:
675:
640:
636:
623:
521:
509:
478:
450:
435:
420:David Powars
413:
393:Grand Canyon
389:Rhode Island
379:; 0.81
375:(1,300
362:
336:continental
331:
280:
268:
246:is a buried
243:
241:
188:Cape Charles
185:Municipality
1365:Tookoonooka
1350:Steen River
1340:Siljan Ring
1270:Manicouagan
1255:Keurusselkä
444:(0.75
428:megatsunami
156: /
131:Coordinates
109:L chondrite
1616:Categories
1506:Stishovite
1406:Australite
1385:Yarrabubba
1355:Strangways
1315:Presqu'île
1290:Montagnais
1260:Lappajärvi
1210:Charlevoix
1195:Beaverhead
1190:Araguainha
1144:By country
1114:Antarctica
799:2015-07-01
616:References
485:peninsulas
457:Georgiaite
424:atmosphere
418:scientist
287:sea levels
44:Confidence
1471:Moldavite
1466:Meteorite
1451:Impactite
1380:Woodleigh
1375:Vredefort
1335:Shoemaker
1295:Morokweng
1280:Mistastin
1220:Chicxulub
1124:Australia
1104:Worldwide
892:7 October
843:128672140
667:0012-821X
643:: 77–83.
467:Discovery
461:Bediasite
407:(53
399:(25
367:(53
356:(24
350:peak ring
348:), and a
271:sediments
47:Confirmed
1525:Research
1370:Tunnunik
1265:Logancha
1235:Haughton
1205:Carswell
1149:Possible
996:Archived
938:24226889
557:See also
536:aquifers
524:slumping
501:tektites
463:fields.
344:(5
235:S.R. 184
180:Virginia
120:Location
115:Location
52:Diameter
1516:Tektite
1511:Suevite
1416:Coesite
1411:Breccia
1360:Sudbury
1310:Popigai
1305:Obolon'
1285:Mjølnir
1250:Karakul
1240:Kamensk
1200:Boltysh
1180:Acraman
946:1735841
918:Bibcode
823:Bibcode
815:Science
754:Bibcode
746:Geology
726:5 March
645:Bibcode
437:breccia
334:granite
295:coastal
169:Country
141:37°17′N
94:Drilled
86:Exposed
1394:Topics
1275:Manson
1129:Europe
1109:Africa
969:
944:
936:
910:Nature
878:
841:
722:. 2006
665:
528:rivers
489:ejecta
315:shells
283:Eocene
264:Eocene
260:struck
256:bolide
227:Access
144:76°1′W
103:Bolide
1097:Lists
942:S2CID
839:S2CID
633:(PDF)
540:brine
497:glass
258:that
177:State
60:Depth
1245:Kara
967:ISBN
934:PMID
894:2016
876:ISBN
728:2019
716:USGS
698:2019
663:ISSN
503:and
459:and
416:USGS
311:lime
242:The
105:type
926:doi
914:503
868:doi
831:doi
819:271
762:doi
653:doi
641:425
411:).
233:to
97:Yes
77:Age
1618::
940:.
932:.
924:.
912:.
874:.
837:.
829:.
817:.
787:.
783:.
760:.
750:33
748:.
736:^
718:.
714:.
689:.
683:.
661:.
651:.
639:.
635:.
553:.
446:mi
442:km
409:mi
405:km
401:mi
397:km
385:ft
381:mi
373:km
369:mi
365:km
358:mi
354:km
346:mi
342:km
317:.
285:,
89:No
1064:e
1057:t
1050:v
948:.
928::
920::
896:.
870::
845:.
833::
825::
802:.
768:.
764::
756::
730:.
700:.
669:.
655::
647::
377:m
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
