Claire Lee Chennault

1248: 1237: 952:. The 14th Air Force bombed the supply lines of the advancing Japanese and Chennault reported to Washington that his "boys" had shot down 210 Japanese planes in the aerial battles over Hengyang. However, the Chinese soldiers holding Hengyang were ill-equipped, with the American journalist Teddy White reporting that only a third of the Chinese infantrymen had rifles, their artillery consisted of just two French artillery guns from World War I, and the majority lived on starvation rations of one bowl of rice per day. Despite their bravery in resisting Japanese assaults on Hengyang all through July and August 1944, the Chinese weaknesses in regards to weapons and food began to tell with Xue reporting his men badly needed supplies to hold Hengyang. Channault wanted to airdrop food, weapons and ammunition to the 10th Army but was vetoed by Stilwell on the grounds that to air drop supplies would "set a precedent for further demands that could not be met." Chennault did have the pilots of the 14th Air Force brave Japanese anti-aircraft fire to fly in as low as 300 feet to drop supplies of food, ammunition and medical supplies, but Xue stated he needed far more. A request from Chennault to air drop 500 tons of weapons to the 10th Army was rejected by Stilwell as a "waste of effort." On 7 August 1944, Xue reported the Imperial Japanese Army had broken his defense lines and entered Hengyang and the next day, Hengyang fell with Xue ordering his men to abandon the city. Fenby wrote that Hengyang would have probably fallen as the Japanese had committed overwhelming force, but the city could have held out far longer than the seven weeks that it did if only Xue and his 10th Army had received more supplies, stating that Stilwell was remiss in attempting to command Sino-American forces fighting in Burma and in China at the same time. 941:—the largest Japanese offensive of all time—that committed 1 million Japanese soldiers to action. The 14th Air Force was involved in strafing and bombing attacks against the Japanese advancing on the city of Changsha, which Japanese had tried and failed to take three previous times since 1938, making the city into a symbol of Chinese defiance. Relations between Stilwell and Chennault reached their low point in 1944. Stilwell used the success of Operation Ichi-Go as proof the fallacy of Chennault's claim that air power alone could defeat Japan while Chennault accused of Stilwell of deliberately taking a defeatist attitude as a gambit to force Chiang to cede more powers of command to him. As the Japanese took Changsha in June 1944, Chennault criticized Stilwell for trying to command the Chinese armies from Burma, sending a message to Washington saying no-one had seen Stilwell in southern China recently. 1119: 474: 148: 1921: 1759: 121: 2217: 1768: 159: 1873: 1827: 1937: 1884: 1793: 1809: 172: 1914: 1836: 2258:"AVG fighter aircraft came from a Curtiss assembly line producing Tomahawk IIB models for the Royal Air Force in North Africa. The Tomahawk IIB was similar to the U.S. Army's earlier P-40B model, and there is some evidence that Curtiss used leftover components from that model in building the fighters intended for China. The fighters were purchased without "government-furnished equipment" such as reflector gunsights, radios and wing guns; the lack of those items caused continual difficulties for the AVG in Burma and China. 1930: 926:

going to visit brothels, regardless of what the rules said, and that was better to have them visit a brothel whose women were inspected for venereal diseases than one that was not since a man in the hospital for a venereal disease was one less man who could participate in the war. Stilwell was enraged when he heard about Chennault's brothel and promptly had it shut down by saying it was disgraceful that an officer of the US Army Air Force would open such an establishment. British Field Marshal

395: 1846: 2229: 1775: 1787: 1753: 1867: 1860: 1853: 1821: 1741: 51: 1802: 1703: 1685: 1665: 1623: 1645: 1601: 1583: 1558: 1534: 1512: 1494: 1474: 138: 677: 1891: 410:, on September 6, 1893, although there is no documentary proof of his birthdate or place of birth. For most of his life, he gave 1890 as his birth year, but his widow corrected that to 1893 after his death. His parents were John Stonewall Jackson Chennault and Jessie (née Lee) Chennault. His surname is of French origin; the French pronunciation is "Shen-OH", but his family pronounced it "Shen-AWLT". 664: 2205: 425:. He began misrepresenting his year of birth as either 1889 or 1890, possibly because he was too young to attend college after he graduated from high school and so his father added three years to his age. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1901 and he was raised by his aunt, Louise Chase, along with his brother and her sons. 703:

the President of the United States, an agreement was reached to provide China the 100 P-40B Tomahawk aircraft which had originally been built for Britain, but which the British were persuaded to give up in preference for newer models rapidly being built. With an agreement reached, General Mao returned to China aboard the

1351:, and Chennault Park, also in Monroe, are also named in his honor. Nell Martien Calloway, named for her grandmother, Nell Thompson Chennault, and the daughter of Rosemary Simrall and Simrall's first husband, Norman Hopkins Martien Jr. (1926–2012), is the director of the Chennault Aviation and Military Museum in Monroe. 1247: 1236: 737:

in Burma along with the slow introduction of replacement fighter aircraft were continual impediments although the AVG received 50 replacement P-40E fighters from USAAF stocks that had been originally scheduled for shipment to Britain but cancelled by the Tomahawk's inferior flight performance to German fighters.

1146:. His honorary promotion was authorized by a special bill of relief passed by Congress, likely the first of such bills for a retired USAF officer. A statutory waiver was required to promote a retiree like Chennault who was not otherwise on duty or eligible for promotion. He and Anna Chan are interred at 750:

single-handed. The U.S. Army was opposed to that scheme and raised obstacles by noting that being able to reach Japan depended on Chiang's troops being able to build and protect airfields and bases close enough to Japan, which they doubted that he could do. It also had little confidence in Chennault.

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said that the cancer, the result of years of smoking cigarettes, would kill him in six months. He and his wife took the opportunity to tour Europe one last time, and they landed in Taiwan in January 1958 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of CAT. Chennault was very weak, unable to cut the cake. He and

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for his pilots and recruited English-speaking prostitutes from Hong Kong who fled to the inland of China to escape the Japanese. He argued that his men needed sex and it was better to have his "boys" visit a brothel that was regularly inspected to reduce venereal diseases. Chennault felt his men were

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Poor health (deafness and chronic bronchitis), disputes with superiors, and the fact that he was passed over as unqualified for promotion led Chennault to resign from the military on April 30, 1937; he separated from the service at the rank of major. As a civilian, he was recruited to go to China and

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The schnellbomber (fast bomber) was just what the Japanese needed... the Japanese believed that they could force Chiang Kai-Shek and his government to submit using only strategic bombing... the Japanese planes planned to penetrate Chinese airspace and use superior speed to avoid fighter interception

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The official Army history notes that 23 July 1941 FDR "approved a Joint Board paper which recommended that the United States equip, man, and maintain the 500-plane Chinese Air Force proposed by Currie. The paper suggested for the force to embark on a vigorous program to be climaxed by the bombing of

1106:. The book covers his entire life but is especially detailed in recording his experience in China. The difficulties that he faced in modernizing fighter tactics, even in emphasizing airpower as a weapon, are clearly explained. His disagreements with and criticisms of the theater commander, General 969:

overland route continued throughout 1944 and was completed in January 1945. Training of the new Chinese divisions commenced; however, predictions of monthly tonnage (65,000 per month) over the road were never achieved. By the time Nationalist armies began to receive large amounts of supplies via the

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dominated the skies over Burma, a superiority that was never to be relinquished. At the same time, logistical support reaching India and China via the Hump finally reached levels permitting an Allied offensive into northern Burma. Chennault had long argued for expansion of the airlift, doubting that

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Stilwell and Chennault loathed each other partly because of their very different personalities, which were described by the British journalist Jonathan Fenby as a clash between Stilwell, the New England Puritan and proud "Yankee" who "prized moral courage" above all else, and Chennault, the Southern

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CAMCO delivered 99 Tomahawks before war broke out. (Many of those were later destroyed in training accidents.) The 100th fuselage was trucked to a CAMCO plant in Loiwing, China, and later made whole with parts from damaged aircraft. Shortages in equipment with spare parts almost impossible to obtain

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with Captain (should be Major) Chennault, Dr. Soong, and General Mao on December 21. On April 25, 1941, the United States and China formally signed a $ 50 million stabilization agreement to support the Chinese currency. By December 23, 1940, upon approval by the War Department, State Department, and

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The sharply differing assessments held by Stillwell and Chennault came out in a meeting in 1943 with President Roosevelt, who asked both commanders for their opinion of Chiang. Stillwell stated: "He's a vacillating, tricky, undependable old scoundrel who never keeps his word." Chennault by contrast

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Chennault recruited some 300 American pilots and ground crew, posing as tourists, who were adventurers or mercenaries, not necessarily idealists out to save China. But under Chennault they developed into a crack fighting unit, always going against superior Japanese forces. They became the symbol of

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Despite the military advice, U.S. civilian leaders were captivated by the idea of China winning the war with Japan swiftly with only a few U.S. airmen and planes. It was adopted by top civilian officials including Treasury Secretary Morgenthau and President Roosevelt himself. However, the American

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Chennault believed that the Fourteenth Air Force, operating out of bases in China, could attack Japanese forces in concert with Nationalist troops. For his part, Stilwell wanted air assets diverted to his command to support the opening of a ground supply route through northern Burma to China. The

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Chiang Kai-shek favored Chennault's plans, since he was suspicious of British colonial interests in Burma. He was also concerned about alliances with semi-independent generals supporting the Nationalist government, and was concerned that a major loss of military forces would enable his Communist

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A year before the U.S. officially entered the war, Chennault developed an ambitious plan for a sneak attack on Japanese bases. His Flying Tigers would use U.S. bombers and U.S. pilots, all with Chinese markings. He made the fantastic claim that a handful of fliers and planes could win the war

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His children from the first marriage were Col. John Stephen Chennault, USAF Ret. (1913–1977), Max Thompson Chennault (1914–2001), Charles Lee Chennault (1918–1967), Peggy Sue Chennault Lee (1919–2004), Claire Patterson Chennault (November 24, 1920 – October 3, 2011), David Wallace Chennault

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The Soviet Volunteer Group, as well as Chinese pilots flying new Russian fighters supplied via Operation Zet, would have their first taste of combat as the Japanese forces closed in on Nanking. With the pre-war Chinese Air Force down to its last few Hawks, the reinforcements came just in

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Thus, Claire Chennault became America's "first military leader" to be publicly recognized for striking a blow against the Japanese military forces – despite not being a member of the American military, but a civilian mercenary who was paid and promoted to colonel by Chiang Kai-Shek.

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The Flying Tigers fought the Japanese for seven months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Chennault's three squadrons used P-40s, and his tactics of "defensive pursuit", formulated in the years when bombers were actually faster than intercepting fighter aircraft, to guard the

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in 1894 forbidding marriage between whites and non-whites, Chennault had been informed by his lawyer that his marriage to Anna was illegal in Louisiana, and to ensure his will was respected, Chennault—who lived in Monroe, Louisiana—had his will probated in Washington, D.C.

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Cheung, 2015, p. 74. The Soviet-made fighters burning low-grade fuel simply did not have the performance necessary to engage the high-tech Japanese raiders with superchargers and burning high-octane... Chinese fighters could make only one slow firing-pass at the Japanese

665: 1110:, who was trained in the infantry and seen by Chennault as unappreciative of the capabilities of airpower, are a major portion of the memoirs. The book ends with his retirement from the Air Force and his return to China six months later to aid the nation's recovery. 714:, on January 24, 1941. Chennault followed shortly after with a promise from the War Department and President Roosevelt to be delivered to Chiang Kai-shek that several shipments of P-40C fighters were forthcoming along with pilots, mechanics, and aviation supplies. 667: 615:

on October 26, on a special mission for Chiang Kai-shek. By 1940, seeing that the Chinese Air Force in dire need because of obsolescent aircraft, ill-trained pilots and shortage of equipment, Chiang again sent Chennault, accompanied by Chinese Air Force General

534:" of mercenary pilots. In late 1937, the Chinese Air Force considered attacking the Japanese home islands with bombers launched from the mainland of China with Chennault in an advisory role. Various pilots of the International Squadron, specifically the 970:

Ledo Road, the war had ended. Instead, the airlift continued to expand until the end of the war, after delivering 650,000 tons of supplies, gasoline, and military equipment. Chennault was replaced as commander of the U.S. 14th Air Force by Lt. Gen.

2528:就在人們為轟炸機一事發愁時，美、英、法、荷等國的多名志願飛行員來到中國參戰，同時帶來了馬丁-139WC(B-10)轟炸機4架、伏爾梯V-11輕轟炸機7架和剛剛從歐美淘汰的諾斯洛普G2E(Gamma)輕轟炸機數架。國民黨空軍似乎又看到了希望，但外籍飛行員卻稱執行這項任務風險太大，提出了讓國民黨政府無法接受的天價酬金。針對此情況，國民黨政府航委會決定由中方飛行員來執行這一任務。這時，編在委員長侍從室的專機飛行員徐煥升上尉自告奮勇地提出由他負責重新組建遠征轟炸隊的具體事宜。 668: 1163:

Chennault was twice married and had a total of ten children, eight by his first wife, the former Nell Thompson (1893–1977), an American of British ancestry, whom he met at a high school graduation ceremony and subsequently wed in

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told Roosevelt: "Sir, I think the Generalissimo is one of the two or three greatest military and political leaders in the world today. He has never broken a commitment or promise to me." Chennault was supported in his disputes by

628:, with the following goal: "to get as many fighter planes, bombers, and transports as possible, plus all the supplies needed to maintain them and the pilots to fly the aircraft." Together, they departed on October 15, 1940, from 1907: 4092: 535: 955:

The Japanese ground forces advanced and seized Chennault's forward bases. Slowly, however, the greater numbers and greater skill of the Allied air forces began to assert themselves. By mid-1944, Major General

889:, Churchill asked the name of the American officer in a loud voice that was overheard by the U.S. delegation and produced an embarrassed silence, finally broken when announced: 'I'm glad he's on our side.'" 754:

attack never took place: The Nationalist Chinese had not built and secured any runways or bases close enough to reach Japan, just as the military had warned. The bombers and crews arrived after the Japanese

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in which officials of the Kuomintang as well as semi-independent army officers has diverted aid intended for the Nationalist armies. Shortly before his death, Chennault was asked to testify before the

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The Chennault daughters from the second marriage are Claire Anna Chennault (born February 8, 1949 - October 22, 2023) and Cynthia Louise Chennault (born 1950), a retired professor of Chinese at the

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training. He and his wife, Nell, moved to West Carroll Parish where he served as principal of Kilbourne School from 1913 to 1915. At the onset of World War I, he graduated from Officers' School at

3316: 1393:. The Kunming Flying Tigers Museum opened on December 20, 2012, on the 71st anniversary of the first combat in Kunming of the Flying Tigers. Chennault is among the "foreign friends of China" that 4172: 4122: 666: 2309:

Birthdate: Encyclopedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite 2010 and www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/107526/major-general-claire-lee-chennault/ give 1890 as birth year

4152: 4127: 2318: 4142: 4072: 778:, senior Chinese officials in Chongqing released details of the first aerial attack made by the group, when the American flyers encountered 10 Japanese aircraft heading to raid 1122:

Claire Lee Chennault's headstone at Arlington National Cemetery, Memorial Day, 2017. Buried on the right is Col. John Stephen Chennault, his eldest son from his first marriage.

930:, who met both Stillwell and Chennault in late 1943, wrote that Stillwell was a "hopeless crank with no vision" and Chennault was "a very gallant airman with a limited brain." 526:

in August, Chennault became Chiang Kai-shek's chief air adviser, assisted in the training of new Chinese Air Force pilots, and sometimes flew scouting missions in an export

4177: 1168:, Louisiana, on December 24, 1911. The marriage ended in divorce in 1946, long after his service in China started. He had two daughters by his second wife, Chen Xiangmei ( 531: 343: 4157: 357:

was focused primarily on high-altitude bombardment. Chennault retired from the United States Army in 1937, and went to work as an aviation adviser and trainer in China.

4132: 3364: 1366:, honoring Chennault's AVG Curtiss P-40 fighter aircraft nickname. A large display of General Chennault's orders, medals and other decorations has been on loan to the 437:

between 1909 and 1910, having given his birth month as June in order to meet their requirement that enrolling students be aged 16 "at nearest birthday", and underwent

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with incendiary bombs but were all declined because of the "exorbitant remuneration" demanded by the foreign "volunteers". The mission was ultimately tasked to Capt.

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Chongqing is also home to a Flying Tigers Memorial and Exhibition dedicated to Chennault and his aviators. It is opposite the former residence of General Stilwell.

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to focus on individualized aid assistance with specific goals, with close monitoring by US advisers. Those viewpoints may have reflected his experiences during the

3477: 522:, known to Americans as "Madame Chiang", was in charge of the Aeronautical Commission and thus became Chennault's immediate supervisor. Upon the outbreak of the 514:

Chennault arrived in China in June 1937. He had a three-month contract at a salary of $ 1,000 per month, charged with making a survey of the Chinese Air Force.

1180:(1923–1980), Robert Kenneth Chennault (1925–2006), and Rosemary Louise Chennault Simrall (September 27, 1928 – August 25, 2013). John Chennault commanded the 2400: 3288: 3266: 553:, Soviet-made bomber and fighter aircraft increasingly replenished China's battered air force units previously equipped with US-made aircraft, such as the 4117: 3324: 1049: 820:, Chennault also made a great contribution by training a new generation of Chinese fighter pilots. The Flying Tigers were formally incorporated into the 811: 4182: 4009: 589:

Province in southwestern China, to reorganize and train new Chinese Air Force cadets at the academy along the American army air corps training model.

4097: 3525: 1045: 4147: 4107: 4057: 2570: 4187: 3942: 1385:, on one of the old airstrips used by the Flying Tigers in the 1940s. On the 65th anniversary of the Japanese surrender, former U.S. President 1358:

aircraft, nicknamed "Joy", is on display at the riverside war memorial in Baton Rouge, painted in the colors of the Flying Tigers. In 2006 the

366:). He headed both the volunteer group and the uniformed U.S. Army Air Forces units that replaced it in 1942. He feuded constantly with General 3962: 933:

In November 1943 the Japanese Army air forces were ready to challenge Allied forces again, and they began night and day raids on Calcutta and

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Freemasonry, and he later was elevated to the 32nd degree in K.C.C.H. League City Lodge No. 1053, League City, Texas. He was also a Shriner.

3915: 3074: 1192: 3140:"International communism (Communist encroachment in the Far East) / Consultation with Maj. Gen. Claire Lee Chennault, United States Army" 1118: 4112: 4082: 4077: 1984: 293: 2857: 4137: 4037: 3211: 1996: 473: 262: 3926: 4167: 3436: 2459: 1377:, due to his role against the Communist forces during the Chinese Civil War. However, this changed following the establishment of 917:, Chiang's politically powerful wife, who was one of the richest women in 1930s China and, unlike her husband, fluent in English. 905:

route would provide supplies and new equipment for a greatly expanded Nationalist force of twenty to thirty modernized divisions.

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in June 1945. Following the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Chennault retired from the Army Air Forces on October 31, 1945.

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had already begun negotiations for an increase in financial aid with U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Federal Loan Administrator

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any ground supply network through Burma could provide the tonnage needed to re-equip Chiang's divisions. However, work on the

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Washington provided the money. How to obtain the shopping list of aircraft, aviation supplies, volunteers, and funds for the

582: 885:, a member of the Joint Planning Staff, as 'resembling a Red Indian Chief who had just taken somebody's scalp.' Turning to 4162: 4102: 2396: 927: 863: 758:

in December 1941, and were used for the war in Burma, as they lacked the range to reach Japan from secure bases in China.

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the "Three Musketeers". The group performed at the 1928 National Air Races. In 1932, as a pursuit aviation instructor at

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on November 1, arriving at San Francisco on November 14. They reported to the Chinese Ambassador to the United States,

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on the Chinese mainland to limit their use against Allied forces advancing towards Japan in the two Pacific campaigns.

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gentleman and "Good Ole Boy", who accepted "human foibles" as natural. For example, Chennault opened up a brothel in

3414: 3380: 2172: 1972: 1962: 1367: 283: 277: 2389: 2036: 1390: 1336: 1127: 886: 550: 3664:. Slidell, Louisiana: American Legion Generals Ward & Chennault & Lt. Helseth Post No. 1 (China), 1988. 2177: 2018: 2003: 1521: 1270: 1010: 882: 450: 141: 3348: 4047: 2727: 2092: 2049: 1670: 1610: 1052:, which was investigating the causes of the 1949 fall of China to the communists. Together with Army General 821: 175: 3545:

Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2024). "What Did the CCP Learn from the Past?". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).

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bases while their fighters contested Allied air intrusions over Burma. In April 1944, the Japanese launched

4052: 1890: 1570: 1545: 1398: 1309: 1200: 1172:), a young reporter for the Central News Agency whom he married on December 2, 1947. She became one of the 858:

magazine photo coverage of Chennault took place in its Monday, December 6, 1943, issue. Shortly before the

458: 354: 338:(September 6, 1893 – July 27, 1958) was an American military aviator best known for his leadership of the " 213: 151: 3522: 1401:

discourses in an effort to recognize the contributions of other countries to China's national liberation.

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Throughout the war Chennault was engaged in a bitter dispute with the American ground commander, General

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Schaller, Michael. "American Air Strategy in China, 1939–1941: The Origins of Clandestine Air Warfare,"

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Michael Schaller, "American Air Strategy in China, 1939–1941: The Origins of Clandestine Air Warfare."

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Following their victory in the Fourth Battle of Changsha, the Japanese began to advance on the city of

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Chennault was a fierce advocate of "pursuit" or fighter-interceptor aircraft during the 1930s when the

31: 1845: 1786: 1752: 1633: 1429: 1030: 961: 570: 462: 454: 379: 17: 3609: 3575:"President Ma meets Anna Chennault, widow of Flying Tigers Lieutenant General Claire Lee Chennault" 3449:

Rosholt, Malcolm, Jack Gadberry and Myron D. Levy. "Chennault Enshrined in Aviation Hall of Fame".

2187: 2131: 1409: 1332: 1014: 523: 244: 147: 2541: 1381:, with Chennault being viewed more positively. In 2005, the "Flying Tigers Memorial" was built in 3886: 3550: 3078: 2167: 2013: 1713: 1628: 1479: 1378: 1340: 1324: 1204: 711: 446: 1906: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1820: 4067: 1758: 1328: 1313: 1139: 775: 755: 688: 558: 494: 442: 383: 1126:

Chennault was diagnosed with carcinoma (cancer) in his left lung in late 1957. The doctors at

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movements. Returning to China, he purchased several surplus military aircraft and created the

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In addition to the above, Chennault received several other foreign orders and decorations.

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occupation of northern Burma throughout the mid- and late 1950s, providing support for the

841: 699: 680: 597: 223: 218: 3951: 1767: 733:. Their first battle occurred on December 20, 1941, with aircraft flying out of Kunming. 643: 8: 3507: 2834: 1302: 1208: 1053: 1002: 486: 3428: 2444: 1872: 1826: 360:

Starting in early 1941, Chennault commanded the 1st American Volunteer Group (nicknamed

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Preemptive Strike: The Secret Plan That Would Have Prevented the Attack on Pearl Harbor

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Preemptive Strike: The Secret Plan That Would Have Prevented the Attack on Pearl Harbor

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General Claire Lee Chennault: A Guide to His Papers in the Hoover Institution Archives

3407:"Celebrating more than 100 years of the Freemasonry: famous Freemasons in the history" 1433:, Chennault (as commander of the American Volunteer Group) was played by the Canadian 1138:

in the U.S. Air Force on July 18, 1958, nine days before his death on July 27, at the

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Chennault testified and provided written statements to the Senate Joint Committee on

938: 866: 833: 704: 600:, Chennault, accompanied by four Chinese officials, boarded the Pan American Airways 527: 171: 3706:

Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 6: 1956–1960, Biography Resource Center

2745:"American Air Strategy in China, 1939–1941: The Origins of Clandestine Air Warfare." 1897: 1883: 1792: 847:

Chennault had 900 aircraft at his disposal, which was more than Japan had in China.

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for flight, spoke of Chennault's unorthodox methods and of his strong personality.

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during World War I. Following the war he graduated from pursuit pilot training at

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Testimony to the Senate Joint Committee on the Armed Forces and Foreign Relations

2390:"Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917-1952, Volume 1 – A thru L" 2269: 2162: 2157: 2152: 1977: 1835: 1298: 1107: 994: 898: 874: 515: 407: 399: 371: 367: 288: 78: 3936: 3782: 601: 3492: 3483:, Hendersonville, North Carolina, September 9, 1990. Retrieved: March 25, 2013. 3129:, letter dated June 20, 1951, and supplemental statement, Appendix 00, p. 3342. 2070: 1434: 1413: 1169: 998: 914: 795: 657: 519: 321: 257: 1929: 485:

Into the mid-1930s Chennault led and represented the 1st Pursuit Group of the

394: 4021: 3574: 3523:"Former U.S. President James Carter attends peace festival in central China." 3226:"Stars on Tombstones: Honorary Promotions of Air Corps and Air Force Leaders" 2023: 1444: 1290: 1286: 1274: 1220: 1041: 1017:

in the late 1940s and were later used in supply missions to French forces in

987: 837: 767: 695: 612: 593: 562: 538:, from Britain, France, Netherlands, and the United States, proposed raiding 362: 339: 4093:

Military personnel of the Republic of China in the Second Sino-Japanese War

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in Washington, D.C., by his widow Anna since the museum's opening in 1976.

1355: 1301:, a former AVG crew chief and the technical sergeant who repaired a downed 1278: 1260: 1057: 554: 543: 347: 249: 1319:

Chennault is commemorated by a statue in the Republic of China's capital,

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was further discussed in a meeting held at the home of Treasury Secretary

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in 1942. Prior to that, Chennault had rejoined the Army with the rank of

653: 621: 617: 478: 239: 95: 3791:"1900 United States Federal Census, Franklin Parish, Louisiana, Ward 2." 3713:

OSPREY AIRCRAFT OF THE ACES 126: Aces of the Republic of China Air Force

2717: 497:, Chennault re-organized the team as "Three Men on the Flying Trapeze". 3834: 3317:"Nixon Tried to Spoil Johnson's Vietnam Peace Talks in '68, Notes Show" 2744: 2711: 1394: 1091: 1022: 791: 648:

Chennault's mission to Washington generated the concept of creating an

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was strategically essential in order to fix many vital elements of the

3921: 3730:

Flying Tigers: Claire Chennault and His American Volunteers, 1941-1942

3267:"Arlington Cemetery - News Relating to Alcohol Rehab & Drug Rehab" 2572:

War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation, 1929–1949.

1740: 766:

Chennault's 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG) – better known as the "

50: 3902:

War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation, 1929–1949

1991: 1018: 966: 629: 608: 539: 457:, on April 23, 1922, and remained in the service after it became the 414: 370:, the U.S. Army commander in China, and helped China's Generalissimo 299: 982: 1801: 945: 934: 676: 506:

join a small group of American civilians training Chinese airmen.

3790: 2593:"The Flying Tigers American Volunteer Group – Chinese Air Force." 1702: 1684: 1664: 1644: 1622: 1600: 1582: 1557: 1533: 1511: 1493: 1473: 1382: 949: 850:

The first magazine photo coverage of Chennault took place within

829: 817: 779: 771: 770:" – began training in August 1941 and was primarily based out of 741:

America's military might in Asia. They became the Flying Tigers.

730: 722: 637: 578: 199: 137: 3508:"Chennault Aviation and Military Museum Director Nell Calloway." 632:, transited at Hong Kong where they boarded Pan Am Boeing B-314 445:

in Indiana, and was transferred to the Aviation Division of the

2917:

Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early 20th century

2445:"Claire Lee Chennault and the Problem of Intelligence in China" 2124: 2085: 1320: 1173: 1090:

of the Congress. When a committee member asked him who won the

1068: 922: 729:(CAMCO) before they were delivered to the AVG training unit at 725:, they were unloaded, assembled and test flown by personnel of 586: 2833:. New Approaches to International History series. London, UK: 4173:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

3254:

Burial Detail: Chennault, Claire L (Section 2, Grave 873-3-4)

3077:. The Fall of Saigon. Air America Association. Archived from 2904:

Chiang Kai-Shek China's .Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost

2575:

Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001.

1374: 718: 644:

Creation of the American Volunteer Group, the "Flying Tigers"

596:(fast bombers flying without fighter escorts) campaign raged 4123:

Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)

3803:. Spartanburg, South Carolina: Southeastern Printing, 1985. 3655:

A History of Early Kilbourne, Louisiana, West Carroll Parish

2976: 2971:

Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost

2949:

Chiang Kai-Shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost

774:, Burma, and Kunming, Yunnan. Just weeks after the Japanese 3893:

Xu, Guangqiu. "The Chinese Air Force with American Wings."

3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2898: 2896: 2894: 1373:

For many years Chennault was viewed negatively within the

1184:, called the "Aleutian Tigers", during the World War Two. 854:

magazine in the Monday, August 10, 1942, issue. The first

461:

in 1926. Chennault became the Chief of Pursuit Section at

3463:"U.S. #2187 40¢ Claire Chennault Great Americans Series." 2728:"China-Burma-India Theater: Stillwell's Mission to China" 1404:

On October 7, 2015, Republic of China (Taiwan) president

3011: 2997: 2985: 2963: 2954: 2930: 2891: 4128:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

3671:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University Alabama Press, 2003. 3662:

A Pictorial History of China Post 1, Part I – 1919–1959

1285:. The ceremony was headed by retired Brigadier General 652:

of pilots and mechanics to serve in China. By then Dr.

4143:

United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II

4073:

Honorary commanders of the Order of the British Empire

3890:

Vol. 19, Nos. 2–3, Spring-Summer 1988, pp. 51–66.

3614:

Texas State Historical Association - Handbook of Texas

3396:, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002, pp. 40–41. 2875:

Warlord: A Life of Winston Churchill at War, 1874-1945

3657:. Louisiana, Kilbourne. Ernest Allen publisher, 2006. 3394:

Anna Chnnault: Informal Diplomacy and Asian Relations

2399:. pp. 354–356. USAF historical studies: no. 91. 2193: 1693:

Regular Army (United States Army Air Forces), Retired

1207:

officer from 1943 to 1966 and subsequent resident of

1199:

Claire P. Chennault, one of Claire Lee's sons, was a

1067:'s arms embargo had been a key factor in the loss of 4153:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)

3801:

The Flying Key Brothers and Their Flight To Remember

1591:

Regular Army (United States Army Air Corps), Retired

1389:

and PRC officials unveiled a statue of Chennault in

1256:

Anna Chennault receiving a commemorative medal from

4178:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath

2877:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 392. 2831:

The Fear of Chinese Power: an International History

2350: 2348: 2293: 2291: 2289: 1502:

Officers' Reserve Corps (Signals, Aviation Section)

948:held by the 10th Chinese Army commanded by General 721:on third-country freighters during spring 1941. At 4158:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal 3841:The Maverick War: Chennault and the Flying Tigers 3535:, September 8, 2010. Retrieved: September 8, 2010. 1269:In December 1972, Chennault was inducted into the 993:Chennault, unlike Stilwell, had a high opinion of 672:US Army Air Forces video:"Flying Tigers Bite Back" 530:fighter. His duties also included organizing the " 4133:Recipients of the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun 3708:. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Thomson Gale, 1980. 3653:Allen, Ernest, and Kilbourne Historical Society. 3642:. Guilford, Connecticut: The Lyons Press, 2006. 3493:"Services for last son of Gen. Claire Chennault." 3411:Mathawan Lodge No 192 F.A. & A.M., New Jersey 2469: 2381: 1379:diplomatic relations between the PRC and the U.S. 406:Chennault is generally said to have been born in 4019: 3287:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3125:Chennault, Claire Lee (Major-General, retired). 2345: 2286: 2272:was the White House official dealing with China. 1323:, as well as by monuments on the grounds of the 782:and successfully shot down four of the raiders. 30:"Chennault" redirects here. For other uses, see 3939:at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website 3858:. Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1973. 3355:, October 5, 2011. Retrieved: October 15, 2011. 2672:Dr. T.V. Soong: President of the Bank of China. 2319:"United States Census, 1940: Claire Chennault." 1733:Chennault's decorations include the following: 1134:Chennault was promoted to the honorary rank of 828:on April 7, 1942. Three days later he was made 620:, to the United States to meet with banker Dr. 449:on November 27, 1917. He learned to fly in the 398:Chennault's birthplace and his home located in 3884:Smith, William M. Jr. "The Making of a Hero." 3383:. familytreemaker.genealogy.com, June 7, 2010. 3269:. Archived from the original on March 25, 2010 3093: 1412:to Chennault, which was accepted by his widow 997:and advocated international support for Asian 877:, Chennault "had been nicknamed 'The Hawk' by 862:issue appeared, Chennault encountered British 592:On October 21, 1939, as the Imperial Japanese 3781:Leary, William M. "Chennault, Claire Lee" in 3478:"Great American Stamp Honors Gen. Chennault." 3179: 3177: 3034: 3032: 2751:(JSTOR), Edition 28, issue 1, 1976. pp. 3–19. 2734:, 1953, p. 23. Retrieved: September 17, 2014. 2692:"McCook's Glen Beneda and the Flying Tigers." 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 1408:awarded a medal commemorating victory in the 598:terror on the cities of Chengdu and Chongqing 546:and Lt. Tong Yen-bo of the 8th Bomber Group. 3871:China Pilot: Flying for Chiang and Chennault 2973:, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 p. 417. 2376:"Claire Lee Chennault and the Flying Tigers" 1289:, and a portrait of Chennault by cartoonist 1094:, his response was blunt: "The Communists." 909:Chinese adversaries to gain the upper hand. 892: 794:, Rangoon, and other strategic locations in 687:Louisiana Veterans Memorial & Museum in 3715:. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015. 3041: 2951:, New York: Carrol & Graf, 2004 p. 383. 2906:, New York: Carrol & Graf, 2004 p. 400. 2697:, January 5, 2009. Retrieved: May 22, 2009. 2620:"Chinese Air Force vs. the Empire of Japan" 798:and western China against Japanese forces. 4118:People from West Carroll Parish, Louisiana 3183: 3174: 3029: 2872: 2726:Romanus, Charles F. and Riley Sunderland. 2641: 2378:, vac.gov.tw; retrieved November 28, 2009. 1484:Officers' Reserve Corps (Infantry Section) 1191:. As the State of Louisiana had passed an 1102:In 1949, Chennault published his memoirs, 481:E, 1934 as leader of "The Flying Trapeze". 49: 4183:Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta 3567: 3050:Air America; from World War II to Vietnam 2915:Peterson, Barbara Bennett (ed.). (2000). 1728: 1505:27 November 1917 (accepted 5 March 1918) 1063:, and others, Chennault claimed that the 4098:National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees 3547:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment 3151: 3149: 3102:"The CIA and Drugs: Just Say 'Why Not?'" 2909: 1956:U.S. Army Air Forces Command Pilot Badge 1117: 981: 675: 662: 477:Capt. C.L Chennault poses in front of a 472: 428: 393: 3631: 3439:from the original on November 17, 2018. 3047: 2387: 832:. Twelve days later he was promoted to 717:The 100 planes were crated and sent to 14: 4148:United States Army Air Forces generals 4108:People from Franklin Parish, Louisiana 4058:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 4020: 3843:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. 3599:Official Army Register, 1946, p. 832. 3429:"Famous men members of Masonic Lodges" 3344: 3342: 2542:"The Soviet Volunteer Group In Action" 2442: 1345:Chennault Aviation and Military Museum 1176:'s chief lobbyists in Washington, DC. 1088:House Un-American Activities Committee 727:Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company 4188:Republic of China Air Force personnel 3538: 3381:"Descendants of Claire Lee Chennault" 3349:"Lt. Col. Claire Patterson Chennault" 3314: 3146: 3072: 3052:(4th ed.). Bangkok: Asia Books. 2828: 2822: 2802:"Domei Says Japs Downed Five Ships," 2465:from the original on October 1, 2019. 1131:Anna flew back to the United States. 744: 577:, Claire Lee Chennault went along to 27:American military aviator (1893–1958) 4063:Deaths from lung cancer in Louisiana 3897:16.1 (1998): 61–81. covers 1929–1949 3726: 3669:Chennault: Giving Wings to the Tiger 3544: 3212:"Major General Claire Lee Chennault" 2789:"'Crazy' Maneuver Used by Colonel," 2539: 2475: 2406:from the original on August 31, 2021 2397:Air Force Historical Research Agency 2354: 2297: 2245: 1527:1 July (accepted 14 September) 1920 3610:"Chennault, Claire Lee (1893–1958)" 3339: 2815:"American Fliers Engage Japanese," 1078:was distributed and encouraged the 1074:Chennault advocated changes in how 1029:force. The same force supplied the 1009:). The aircraft facilitated aid to 24: 3927:Biographical sketch at USAF Museum 3873:. New York: Brassey's Inc., 1995. 3784:American National Biography Online 3433:American Canadian Grand Lodge ACGL 3417:from the original on May 10, 2008. 3073:Adams, Capt. Ed (March 26, 2005). 1189:University of Florida, Gainesville 536:14th International Bomber Squadron 322:Anna Chennault (née Chen Xiangmei) 25: 4199: 4113:People from Waterproof, Louisiana 4083:Military personnel from Louisiana 4078:Louisiana State University alumni 3909: 3233:Air & Space Operations Review 2863:. Retrieved: September 17, 2014. 2793:, New Orleans, December 20, 1941. 2773:"Burma Road Air Defense Scores." 2022:with one silver and three bronze 1422: 1360:University of Louisiana at Monroe 378:to remove Stilwell in 1944. The 4138:United States Air Force generals 4038:Air Corps Tactical School alumni 3856:Flying Tiger: Chennault of China 3315:Baker, Peter (January 2, 2017). 3099: 2858:"Time cover (December 6, 1943)." 2505: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2173:History of the Republic of China 1973:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 1963:Army Distinguished Service Medal 1942: 1935: 1928: 1919: 1912: 1905: 1896: 1889: 1882: 1871: 1865: 1858: 1851: 1844: 1834: 1825: 1819: 1807: 1800: 1791: 1785: 1773: 1766: 1757: 1751: 1739: 1701: 1683: 1663: 1643: 1621: 1599: 1581: 1556: 1532: 1510: 1492: 1472: 1450: 1368:Smithsonian Air and Space Museum 1246: 1235: 1153: 1013:during the struggle against the 761: 563:Soviet volunteer combat aviators 284:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 278:Army Distinguished Service Medal 170: 157: 146: 136: 119: 4168:Knights of the Legion of Honour 3916:Flying Tigers Memorial in China 3602: 3593: 3516: 3501: 3486: 3471: 3456: 3443: 3421: 3399: 3386: 3374: 3358: 3308: 3299: 3259: 3247: 3218: 3204: 3132: 3119: 3066: 2866: 2851: 2819:, Chungking, December 20, 1941. 2809: 2796: 2783: 2767: 2754: 2737: 2700: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2636:and drop their bombs in safety. 2617: 2611: 2601: 2586: 2563: 2533: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2436: 2427: 2418: 2261: 2252: 2037:Order of Blue Sky and White Sun 1606:Major (restored to active duty) 1362:renamed its athletic teams the 1347:, located near the entrance to 1337:Chennault International Airport 1219:Chennault was initiated to the 1128:Walter Reed Army Medical Center 573:was pushed hinterland with the 3937:Chennault Claire Lee Chennault 3686:. New York: Ballantine, 1978. 3323:. pp. A11. Archived from 3296:. Retrieved: December 2, 2009. 3187:Claire Chennault: Flying Tiger 2540:Matt, P. E. (April 28, 2015). 2369: 2360: 2336: 2327: 2312: 2303: 2178:Republic of China Armed Forces 2019:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal 2004:American Defense Service Medal 1522:United States Army Air Service 1427:In the 1945 U.S. wartime film 1271:National Aviation Hall of Fame 1214: 500: 13: 1: 4088:Military personnel from Texas 3933: (archived July 18, 2006) 3770:. London: John Murray, 2004. 3371:. Retrieved: August 27, 2013. 3048:Robbins, Christopher (2005). 2780:Chongqing, December 20, 1941. 2240: 2050:Order of the Cloud and Banner 1988:with bronze oak leaf cluster 1611:United States Army Air Forces 1308:Chennault was honored by the 1263:on her husband's behalf, 2015 822:United States Army Air Forces 561:, and were also augmented by 468: 389: 344:Chinese Nationalist Air Force 3922:Short biography of Chennault 3468:. Retrieved: March 25, 2013. 3466:Mystic Stamp Company Catalog 3365:"Rosemary Chennault Simrall" 2982:Fenby, Jonathan pp. 417–418. 2764:(2006) is a popular version. 2279: 1700: 1682: 1662: 1642: 1620: 1598: 1580: 1571:United States Army Air Corps 1555: 1546:United States Army Air Corps 1531: 1509: 1491: 1471: 1310:United States Postal Service 836:, and then within a year to 575:Fall of Shanghai and Nanjing 355:United States Army Air Corps 214:1st American Volunteer Group 7: 4163:Recipients of the Air Medal 4103:People from Commerce, Texas 3952:Claire Lee Chennault papers 3948:, 1942 article on Chennault 3701:. New York: Putnam's, 1949. 3684:The Ragged, Rugged Warriors 3513:. Retrieved: July 17, 2013. 3498:. Retrieved: July 17, 2013. 2806:, Tokyo, December 20, 1941. 2388:Fogerty, Robert P. (1953). 2324:. Retrieved: July 19, 2015. 2183:National Revolutionary Army 2145: 2067:Honorary Knight Grand Cross 2063:Order of the British Empire 1316:(1980–2000) postage stamp. 1258:Republic of China President 1148:Arlington National Cemetery 1140:Ochsner Foundation Hospital 1071:to the Nationalist armies. 509: 164:Republic of China Air Force 108:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 4204: 3833:(1976) 28#1 pp. 3–19 3075:"The Beginning of the End" 2598:. Retrieved: May 20, 2011. 2117:Order of Polonia Restituta 2031:World War II Victory Medal 1985:Distinguished Flying Cross 1375:People's Republic of China 1097: 986:Chennault and second wife 977: 881:Magazine and described by 805:flight training school at 551:Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1937 518:'s English-speaking wife, 435:Louisiana State University 294:Distinguished Flying Cross 32:Chennault (disambiguation) 29: 4006: 3997: 3989: 3984: 3818:. The Lyons Press, 1987. 3751:. Palo Alto, California: 3528:November 6, 2012, at the 2919:. M.E. Sharp publishing. 2732:U.S. Army in World War II 2596:flyingtigersavg.22web.net 2443:Bergin, Bob (June 2010). 2268:Japan in November 1941." 1997:World War I Victory Medal 1954: 1738: 1675:Army of the United States 1655:Army of the United States 1634:Army of the United States 1437:. In the pilot movie for 1226: 1158: 1031:US intelligence community 893:China-Burma-India theater 873:. According to historian 567:Chinese Air Force Academy 463:Air Corps Tactical School 380:China-Burma-India theater 308: 270: 263:China-Burma-India Theater 232: 206: 190: 182: 130: 114: 102: 85: 65: 57: 48: 41: 4043:American anti-communists 3985:Awards and achievements 3977:Generals of World War II 3963:"Chennault and Stilwell" 3768:Burma: The Forgotten War 3753:Hoover Institution Press 3704:"Claire Lee Chennault", 3579:english.president.gov.tw 3190:. Infobase. p. 95. 3157:"Colonel John Chennault" 2663:Byrd 1987, Chapters 7–8. 2512:www.flyingtiger-cacw.com 2188:Whampoa Military Academy 2132:China War Memorial Medal 1410:Second Sino-Japanese War 1333:Chennault Air Force Base 1113: 801:As the commander of the 650:American Volunteer Group 524:Second Sino-Japanese War 245:Second Sino-Japanese War 3904:(Grove/Atlantic, 2001). 3887:North Louisiana History 3551:Leiden University Press 3235:: 16. December 10, 2022 3008:Fenby, Jonathan p. 420. 2994:Fenby, Jonathan p. 419. 2960:Fenby, Jonathan p. 416. 2829:Crean, Jeffrey (2024). 2452:Studies in Intelligence 2014:American Campaign Medal 1714:United States Air Force 1383:Huaihua, Hunan Province 1349:Monroe Regional Airport 1325:Louisiana State Capitol 712:Los Angeles, California 4000:Cover of Time Magazine 3854:Scott, Robert Lee Jr. 3026:Fenby, Jonathan p. 421 2873:D'Este, Carlo (2008). 2110:Knight Commander (KCB) 1729:Awards and decorations 1391:Zhijiang County, Hunan 1314:Great Americans series 1193:anti-miscegenation law 1123: 1040:In 1951, now retired, 1033:and others during the 990: 776:attack on Pearl Harbor 756:attack on Pearl Harbor 691: 673: 559:Boeing 281 Peashooters 532:International Squadron 489:-based Army Air Corps 482: 455:Ellington Field, Texas 443:Fort Benjamin Harrison 403: 384:Imperial Japanese Army 374:to convince President 325:(1947–1958, his death) 4010:Charles Edward Wilson 3993:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3727:Ford, Daniel (2016). 3294:arlingtonCemetery.org 3106:Third World Traveller 2654:Byrd 1987, Chapter 8. 2496:Byrd 1987, Chapter 7. 2487:Byrd 1987, Chapter 6. 2424:Byrd 1987, Chapter 3. 2342:Byrd 1987, Chapter 1. 1335:, now the commercial 1283:James H. Kindelberger 1121: 1065:Truman administration 985: 972:George E. Stratemeyer 679: 671: 476: 429:Early military career 397: 183:Years of service 142:U.S. Army Air Service 4048:American Protestants 3747:Hessen, Robert, ed. 3632:General bibliography 3392:Forslund, Catherine 2624:www.warbirdforum.com 2136:(Republic of China) 2093:WWII Croix de Guerre 2056:(Republic of China) 1716:, Retired (honorary) 1440:Black Sheep Squadron 842:Fourteenth Air Force 700:Henry Morgenthau Jr. 681:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk 585:, in the capital of 336:Claire Lee Chennault 224:Fourteenth Air Force 219:China Air Task Force 176:U.S. Army Air Forces 43:Claire Lee Chennault 4053:Aviators from Texas 3796:, January 20, 2007. 3697:Chennault, Claire. 3184:Earle Rice (2003). 2835:Bloomsbury Academic 2743:Schaller, Michael. 2333:Hessen 1983, p. ix. 1443:, he was played by 1201:U.S. Army Air Force 1054:Albert C. Wedemeyer 1003:Civil Air Transport 962:Eastern Air Command 605:California Clipper 487:Montgomery, Alabama 433:Chennault attended 152:U.S. Army Air Corps 3970:Air Force Magazine 3956:Hoover Institution 3831:American Quarterly 3321:The New York Times 3305:Byrd 1987, p. 367. 2749:American Quarterly 2710:28.1 (1976): 3–19 2708:American Quarterly 2518:on October 9, 2021 1709:Lieutenant general 1430:God Is My Co-Pilot 1399:his foreign policy 1331:and at the former 1182:343d Fighter Group 1136:lieutenant general 1124: 1061:Oscar C. Badger II 1015:Chinese Communists 991: 958:George Stratemeyer 745:Plan to bomb Japan 692: 674: 483: 413:He grew up in the 404: 195:Lieutenant General 4016: 4015: 4007:Succeeded by 4004:December 6, 1943 3895:War & Society 3879:978-1-57488-051-9 3849:978-0-31200-618-1 3839:Schultz, Duane. 3740:978-0-692-73473-5 3733:. Warbird Books. 3711:Cheung, Raymond. 3648:978-1-5922-8913-4 3638:Armstrong, Alan. 3581:. October 7, 2015 3059:978-974-8303-51-2 2884:978-0-06-057573-1 2844:978-1-350-23394-2 2695:mccookgazette.com 2581:978-0-313-32004-0 2246:Explanatory notes 2140: 2139: 2112:(United Kingdom) 2106:Order of the Bath 2043:Republic of China 1950: 1949: 1723: 1722: 1651:Brigadier general 1487:27 November 1917 1174:Republic of China 1084:Chinese Civil War 1050:Foreign Relations 1011:Nationalist China 939:Operation Ichi-Go 867:Winston Churchill 840:, commanding the 834:brigadier general 803:Chinese Air Force 710:, departing from 683:"Joy" at the USS 669: 447:Army Signal Corps 333: 332: 326: 318: 98:, Louisiana, U.S. 76:September 6, 1893 61:"Old Leatherface" 16:(Redirected from 4195: 3990:Preceded by 3982: 3981: 3973: 3972:. December 2015. 3967: 3816:The Flying Tiger 3744: 3699:Way of a Fighter 3682:Caidin, Martin. 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3542: 3536: 3520: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3490: 3484: 3475: 3469: 3460: 3454: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3403: 3397: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3369:Monroe News-Star 3362: 3356: 3353:Natchez Democrat 3346: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3230: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3181: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3153: 3144: 3143: 3136: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3081:on July 20, 2011 3070: 3064: 3063: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3027: 3024: 3009: 3006: 2995: 2992: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2969:Fenby, Jonathan 2967: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2947:Fenby, Jonathan 2945: 2928: 2913: 2907: 2902:Fenby, Jonathan 2900: 2889: 2888: 2870: 2864: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2826: 2820: 2817:Associated Press 2813: 2807: 2804:Associated Press 2800: 2794: 2791:Associated Press 2787: 2781: 2776:Associated Press 2771: 2765: 2760:Alan Armstrong, 2758: 2752: 2741: 2735: 2724: 2715: 2704: 2698: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2630: 2615: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2590: 2584: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2554: 2552: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2514:. Archived from 2503: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2449: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2405: 2394: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2322:familysearch.org 2316: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2273: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2199: 2097:with bronze Palm 2078:Légion d'honneur 1968:oak leaf cluster 1952: 1951: 1946: 1939: 1932: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1900: 1893: 1886: 1875: 1869: 1862: 1855: 1848: 1838: 1829: 1823: 1811: 1804: 1795: 1789: 1777: 1770: 1761: 1755: 1743: 1736: 1735: 1705: 1696:31 October 1945 1687: 1667: 1647: 1625: 1603: 1585: 1560: 1536: 1517:First lieutenant 1514: 1499:First lieutenant 1496: 1480:First lieutenant 1476: 1455: 1454: 1295:General Electric 1250: 1239: 1104:Way of a Fighter 1005:(later known as 871:Cairo Conference 815: 670: 634:American Clipper 630:Chongqing, China 626:Washington, D.C. 571:Jianqiao Airbase 451:Army Air Service 324: 316: 174: 162: 161: 160: 150: 140: 132: 125: 123: 122: 92: 75: 73: 53: 39: 38: 21: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4192: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4003: 3995: 3965: 3961: 3931:Wayback Machine 3912: 3907: 3799:Owen, Stephen. 3741: 3721:978 14728 05614 3634: 3629: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3543: 3539: 3530:Wayback Machine 3521: 3517: 3506: 3502: 3491: 3487: 3476: 3472: 3461: 3457: 3448: 3444: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3363: 3359: 3347: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3327:on May 25, 2022 3313: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3182: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3155: 3154: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3100:Blum, William. 3098: 3094: 3084: 3082: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3025: 3012: 3007: 2998: 2993: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2946: 2931: 2914: 2910: 2901: 2892: 2885: 2871: 2867: 2856: 2852: 2845: 2827: 2823: 2814: 2810: 2801: 2797: 2788: 2784: 2772: 2768: 2759: 2755: 2742: 2738: 2725: 2718: 2705: 2701: 2690:Sehnert, Walt. 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2642: 2628: 2626: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2591: 2587: 2568: 2564: 2550: 2548: 2538: 2534: 2521: 2519: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2447: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2392: 2386: 2382: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2270:Lauchlin Currie 2266: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2204: 2202: 2194: 2192: 2163:James H. Howard 2158:Pappy Boyington 2153:Jimmy Doolittle 2148: 2135: 2122: 2120: 2111: 2109: 2098: 2096: 2083: 2081: 2068: 2066: 2055: 2053: 2040: 2021: 2006: 1987: 1978:Legion of Merit 1965: 1877: 1876: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1763: 1762: 1756: 1731: 1453: 1425: 1299:Gerhard Neumann 1297:vice-president 1267: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1229: 1217: 1161: 1156: 1116: 1108:Joseph Stilwell 1100: 995:Chiang Kai-shek 980: 899:Joseph Stilwell 895: 809: 764: 747: 663: 660:on October 17. 646: 583:Wujiaba Airbase 512: 503: 471: 431: 408:Commerce, Texas 400:Commerce, Texas 392: 372:Chiang Kai-shek 368:Joseph Stilwell 329: 304: 289:Legion of Merit 254: 228: 198: 169: 167: 158: 156: 155: 145: 120: 118: 110: 94: 90: 79:Commerce, Texas 77: 71: 69: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4201: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4005: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3959: 3949: 3940: 3934: 3924: 3919: 3911: 3910:External links 3908: 3906: 3905: 3900:Xu, Guangqiu. 3898: 3891: 3882: 3869:Smith, Felix. 3867: 3852: 3837: 3827: 3814:Samson, Jack. 3812: 3797: 3788: 3779: 3766:Latimer, Jon. 3764: 3745: 3739: 3724: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3680: 3667:Byrd, Martha. 3665: 3658: 3651: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3601: 3592: 3566: 3559: 3553:. p. 42. 3537: 3515: 3500: 3485: 3481:The Times-News 3470: 3455: 3442: 3420: 3398: 3385: 3373: 3357: 3338: 3307: 3298: 3258: 3256:– ANC Explorer 3246: 3217: 3203: 3196: 3173: 3145: 3131: 3118: 3092: 3065: 3058: 3040: 3028: 3010: 2996: 2984: 2975: 2962: 2953: 2929: 2908: 2890: 2883: 2865: 2850: 2843: 2821: 2808: 2795: 2782: 2766: 2753: 2736: 2716: 2699: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2656: 2640: 2610: 2600: 2585: 2569:Xu, Guangqiu. 2562: 2546:Pacific Eagles 2532: 2506:Chai, George. 2498: 2489: 2480: 2468: 2435: 2426: 2417: 2380: 2368: 2359: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2311: 2302: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2260: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2224: 2212: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2128: 2121:Knight's Cross 2113: 2101: 2100: 2089: 2074: 2071:United Kingdom 2058: 2057: 2046: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2024:campaign stars 2016: 2011: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1959: 1958: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1933: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1910: 1902: 1901: 1894: 1887: 1879: 1878: 1864: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1832: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1805: 1798: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1730: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1711: 1706: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1680: 1679: 1678:14 March 1943 1676: 1673: 1668: 1660: 1659: 1658:22 April 1942 1656: 1653: 1648: 1640: 1639: 1638:10 April 1942 1636: 1631: 1626: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1609:Regular Army ( 1607: 1604: 1596: 1595: 1594:30 April 1937 1592: 1589: 1586: 1578: 1577: 1576:11 March 1935 1574: 1569:Regular Army ( 1567: 1561: 1553: 1552: 1551:12 April 1929 1549: 1544:Regular Army ( 1542: 1537: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1520:Regular Army ( 1518: 1515: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1477: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1452: 1449: 1435:Raymond Massey 1424: 1423:Film portrayal 1421: 1414:Anna Chennault 1293:was unveiled. 1255: 1254: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1216: 1213: 1205:U.S. Air Force 1170:Anna Chennault 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1115: 1112: 1099: 1096: 999:anti-communist 979: 976: 915:Soong Mei-ling 894: 891: 864:Prime Minister 796:Southeast Asia 763: 760: 746: 743: 658:Jesse H. Jones 645: 642: 611:, arriving at 594:schnellbombing 520:Soong Mei-ling 511: 508: 502: 499: 491:aerobatic team 470: 467: 465:in the 1930s. 430: 427: 391: 388: 331: 330: 328: 327: 319: 315:Nell Thompson 312: 310: 306: 305: 303: 302: 297: 291: 286: 281: 274: 272: 268: 267: 266: 265: 260: 258:Burma Campaign 253: 252: 247: 242: 236: 234: 230: 229: 227: 226: 221: 216: 210: 208: 204: 203: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 134: 128: 127: 116: 112: 111: 106: 104: 100: 99: 93:(aged 64) 87: 83: 82: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4200: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4068:Flying Tigers 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4011: 4002: 4001: 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1772: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1754: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1734: 1726: 1719:18 July 1958 1718: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1690:Major general 1689: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1671:Major general 1669: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1616:7 April 1942 1615: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1451:Dates of rank 1448: 1446: 1445:George Gaynes 1442: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291:Milton Caniff 1288: 1287:Jimmy Stewart 1284: 1280: 1276: 1275:Leroy Grumman 1273:, along with 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