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huge increase in production and sales in emerging markets like India and China. The data suggest that 95% of this impact is from China alone. In 2012 the data from the
European Chemical Industry Council shows that five European countries account for 71% of the EU's chemicals sales. These are Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and the Netherlands.
1018:, adhesives and sealants as well as coatings, industrial and institutional cleaning chemicals, and catalysts. In 2012, excluding fine chemicals, the $ 546 billion global specialty chemical market was 33% Paints, Coating and Surface Treatments, 27% Advanced Polymer, 14% Adhesives and Sealants, 13% additives, and 13% pigments and inks.
990:, and research and development spending at 15 to 25% of sales. Life science products are usually produced with high specifications and are closely scrutinized by government agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration. Pesticides, also called "crop protection chemicals", are about 10% of this category and include
2504:
In 2012, the chemical sector accounted for 12% of the EU manufacturing industry's added value. Europe remains the world's biggest chemical trading region with 43% of the world's exports and 37% of the world's imports, although the latest data shows that Asia is catching up with 34% of the exports and
1107:
tabulates the US production volume of the top 100 chemicals. In 2000, the aggregate production volume of the top 100 chemicals totaled 502 million tons, up from 397 million tons in 1990. Inorganic chemicals tend to be the largest volume but much smaller in dollar revenue due to their low prices. The
2496:
In the U.S. there are 170 major chemical companies. They operate internationally with more than 2,800 facilities outside the U.S. and 1,700 foreign subsidiaries or affiliates operating. The U.S. chemical output is $ 750 billion a year. The U.S. industry records large trade surpluses and employs more
2516:
Just as companies emerge as the main producers of the chemical industry, we can also look on a more global scale at how industrialized countries rank, with regard to the billions of dollars worth of production a country or region could export. Though the business of chemistry is worldwide in scope,
1013:
are a category of relatively high-valued, rapidly growing chemicals with diverse end product markets. Typical growth rates are one to three times GDP with prices over a dollar per pound. They are generally characterized by their innovative aspects. Products are sold for what they can do rather than
2508:
Over the 20 years between 1991 and 2011, the
European Chemical industry saw its sales increase from 295 billion Euros to 539 billion Euros, a picture of constant growth. Despite this, the European industry's share of the world chemical market has fallen from 36% to 20%. This has resulted from the
1051:
Consumers rarely come into contact with basic chemicals. Polymers and specialty chemicals are materials that they encounter everywhere daily. Examples are plastics, cleaning materials, cosmetics, paints & coatings, electronics, automobiles and the materials used in home construction. These
2417:
The petrochemical and commodity chemical manufacturing units are on the whole single product continuous processing plants. Not all petrochemical or commodity chemical materials are made in one single location, but groups of related materials often are to induce industrial symbiosis as well as
1977:
This is a process diagram of a turbine generator. Engineers working to produce a sustainable process for use in the chemical industry need to know how to design a sustainable process in which the system can withstand or manipulate process-halting conditions such as heat, friction, pressure,
2500:
In Europe, the chemical, plastics, and rubber sectors are among the largest industrial sectors. Together they generate about 3.2 million jobs in more than 60,000 companies. Since 2000 the chemical sector alone has represented 2/3 of the entire manufacturing trade surplus of the EU.
1166:
The largest chemical producers today are global companies with international operations and plants in numerous countries. Below is a list of the top 25 chemical companies by chemical sales in 2015. (Note: Chemical sales represent only a portion of total sales for some companies.)
682:
comprise about 80% of the industry's output worldwide. Chemicals are used in many different consumer goods, and are also used in many different sectors. This includes agriculture manufacturing, construction, and service industries. Major industrial customers include rubber and
2512:
The chemical industry has seen growth in China, India, Korea, the Middle East, South East Asia, Nigeria and Brazil. The growth is driven by changes in feedstock availability and price, labor and energy costs, differential rates of economic growth and environmental pressures.
2505:
37% of imports. Even so, Europe still has a trading surplus with all regions of the world except Japan and China where in 2011 there was a chemical trade balance. Europe's trade surplus with the rest of the world today amounts to 41.7 billion Euros.
546:
into a crude mixture which, when extracted with alcohol, produced a substance with an intense purple colour. He also developed the first synthetic perfumes. German industry quickly began to dominate the field of synthetic dyes. The three major firms
2029:-industrial chemicals, ceramic products, petrochemicals, agrochemicals, polymers and rubber (elastomers), oleochemicals (oils, fats, and waxes), explosives, fragrances and flavors. Examples of these products are shown in the Table below.
408:, England. Mond was instrumental in making the Solvay process a commercial success. He made several refinements between 1873 and 1880 that removed byproducts that could inhibit the production of sodium carbonate in the process.
2472:
Specialty chemical and fine chemical manufacturing are mostly made in discrete batch processes. These manufacturers are often found in similar locations but in many cases, they are to be found in multi-sector business parks.
698:
Sales of the chemical business can be divided into a few broad categories, including basic chemicals (about 35% - 37% of dollar output), life sciences (30%), specialty chemicals (20% - 25%) and consumer products (about 10%).
2517:
the bulk of the world's $ 3.7 trillion chemical output is accounted for by only a handful of industrialized nations. The United States alone produced $ 689 billion, 18.6 percent of the total world chemical output in 2008.
2377:
standards. The products are packaged and delivered by many methods, including pipelines, tank-cars, and tank-trucks (for both solids and liquids), cylinders, drums, bottles, and boxes. Chemical companies often have a
182:
developed a process for its production that involved heating sulfur with saltpeter, allowing the sulfur to oxidize and combine with water. It was the first practical production of sulphuric acid on a large scale.
602:
treated with a variety of solvents. This material, exhibited at the 1862 London
International Exhibition, anticipated many of the modern aesthetic and utility uses of plastics. The industrial production of
368:
to be passed in 1863. This provided for close inspection of the factories and imposed heavy fines on those exceeding the limits on pollution. Methods were devised to make useful byproducts from the alkali.
161:
Although chemicals were made and used throughout history, the birth of the heavy chemical industry (production of chemicals in large quantities for a variety of uses) coincided with the beginnings of the
482:
The late 19th century saw an explosion in both the quantity of production and the variety of chemicals that were manufactured. Large chemical industries arose in
Germany and later in the United States.
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559:
produced several hundred different dyes. By 1913, German industries produced almost 90% of the world's supply of dyestuffs and sold approximately 80% of their production abroad. In the United States,
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laboratory for developing and testing products and processes. These facilities may include pilot plants and such research facilities may be located at a site separate from the production plant(s).
2323:
to form new substances in various types of reaction vessels. In many cases, the reactions take place in special corrosion-resistant equipment at elevated temperatures and pressures with the use of
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than a million people in the United States alone. The chemical industry is also the second largest consumer of energy in manufacturing and spends over $ 5 billion annually on pollution abatement.
8144:
2461:, and road and rail terminals. To demonstrate the clustering and integration mentioned above, some 50% of the United Kingdom's petrochemical and commodity chemicals are produced by the
759:(PVC), another large-volume product, is principally used to make piping for construction markets as well as siding and, to a much smaller extent, transportation and packaging materials.
342:
became the largest chemical production centres anywhere. By the 1870s, the
British soda output of 200,000 tons annually exceeded that of all other nations in the world combined.
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723:
Basic chemicals, or "commodity chemicals" are a broad chemical category including polymers, bulk petrochemicals and intermediates, other derivatives and basic industrials,
4532:
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4782:. chapters 3-6 deal with DuPont, Dow Chemicals, Monsanto, American Cyanamid, Union Carbide, and Allied in US; and European chemical producers, Bayer, Farben, and ICI.
7107:
986:. While much smaller in volume than other chemical sectors, their products tend to have high prices - over ten dollars per pound - growth rates of 1.5 to 6 times
4479:
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695:, and primary metals. Chemicals are nearly a $ 5 trillion global enterprise, and the EU and U.S. chemical companies are the world's largest producers.
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2453:. The large-scale manufacturing locations often have clusters of manufacturing units that share utilities and large-scale infrastructure such as
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for long periods of time, which created a severe bottleneck in production. Sulfuric acid began to be used as a more efficient agent as well as
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matured. Originally, large quantities of alkaline waste were vented into the environment from the production of soda, provoking one of the
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Life sciences (about 30% of the dollar output of the chemistry business) include differentiated chemical and biological substances,
392:, France. The new process proved more economical and less polluting than the Leblanc method, and its use spread. In the same year,
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765:(PP), similar in volume to PVC, is used in markets ranging from packaging, appliances, and containers to clothing and carpeting.
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The processes and products or products are usually tested during and after manufacture by dedicated instruments and on-site
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30:
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Shaping the
Industrial Century: The Remarkable Story of the Evolution of the Modern Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries
5361:
2425:
Those chemicals made on the largest of scales are made in a few manufacturing locations around the world, for example in
2373:. More organizations within the industry are implementing chemical compliance software to maintain quality products and
153:
Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
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on salt production until 1824. When these tariffs were repealed, the
British soda industry was able to rapidly expand.
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771:(PS), another large-volume plastic, is used principally for appliances and packaging as well as toys and recreation.
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that spurred the creation of the first great chemical industrial enterprise. His powder was made by reacting
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methods to produce a wide variety of solid, liquid, and gaseous materials. Most of these products serve to
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4242:"Electrolytic Production of Bromine - National Historic Chemical Landmark - American Chemical Society"
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4456:"C&EN's Global Top 50 | July 25, 2016 Issue - Vol. 94 Issue 30 | Chemical & Engineering News"
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753:(PE), is used mainly in packaging films and other markets such as milk bottles, containers, and pipe.
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specialty products are marketed by chemical companies to the downstream manufacturing industries as
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1100:, and textile chemicals. Chemical companies rarely supply these products directly to the consumer.
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Principal raw materials for polymers are bulk petrochemicals like ethylene, propylene and benzene.
242:
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are sold as effect or performance chemicals. Sometimes they are mixtures of formulations, unlike "
906:(about 12% of the revenue output) make up the oldest of the chemical categories. Products include
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801:
745:, followed by home construction, containers, appliances, pipe, transportation, toys, and games.
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898:, and rubber products and contribute about 20 percent of the basic chemicals' external sales.
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McCoy, Micheal; et al. (July 10, 2006). "Facts & Figures of the
Chemical Industry".
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319:
249:, and production went from just 52 tons in 1799 to almost 10,000 tons just five years later.
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One of the first chemicals to be produced in large amounts through industrial processes was
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283:. By the 18th century, this source was becoming uneconomical due to deforestation, and the
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Ronalds, B.F. (2019). "Bonnington
Chemical Works (1822-1878): Pioneer Coal Tar Company".
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and other more complex organic chemicals particularly those that are made for use in the
852:. These basic or commodity chemicals are the starting materials used to manufacture many
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2327:. The products of these reactions are separated using a variety of techniques including
205:'s St. Rollox Chemical Works in 1831, then the biggest chemical enterprise in the world.
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195:, in 1749, which used leaden condensing chambers for the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
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From the perspective of chemical engineers, the chemical industry involves the use of
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4654:"Facts and Figures 2012:The European chemicals industry in a worldwide perspective"
4622:"Facts and Figures 2012:The European chemicals industry in a worldwide perspective"
4558:"Facts and Figures 2012:The European chemicals industry in a worldwide perspective"
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The scale of chemical manufacturing tends to be organized from largest in volume (
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was a commercial success that helped to promote the country's chemical industry.
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and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other
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based on a modern chemical process invented by
William Hough Watson that used
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These huge factories began to produce a greater diversity of chemicals as the
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Industry (branch), which is engaged in the manufacturing of chemical products
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to ensure safe operation and to assure that the product will meet required
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Contains many tables and maps on the worldwide chemical industry in 1950.
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for what chemicals they contain. Products include electronic chemicals,
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In the early 18th century, cloth was bleached by treating it with stale
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in 1861. In 1864, Solvay and his brother Alfred constructed a plant in
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International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology
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Consumer products include direct product sales of chemicals such as
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became a major chemicals firm in the early 20th century in America.
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visited Solvay to acquire the rights to use his process, and he and
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A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900
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in England in the 1840s. The first synthetic dye was discovered by
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4480:"Chemical and Agrochemical Enterprise Quality Management Software"
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6660:
6507:
6486:
6467:
6449:
6391:
6330:
6298:
6243:
5959:
5883:
5743:
5723:
5652:
5314:
5221:
5139:
5102:
5090:
2524:
Global Chemical Shipments by Country/Region (billions of dollars)
2301:
2155:
2128:
2124:
2097:
2049:
1999:
1998:
other items, although a smaller number go directly to consumers.
1960:
1951:
1931:
1922:
1844:
1835:
1767:
1724:
1715:
1662:
1594:
1585:
1517:
1420:
1271:
1255:
1216:
1207:
1129:
979:
955:
879:
853:
841:
829:
825:
821:
688:
684:
574:
industry can be traced back to the oil works of Scottish chemist
543:
464:
440:
377:
339:
260:
246:
99:
83:
47:
4283:"Unilever: Providing Enjoyable and Meaningful Life to Customers"
352:, patented an improved industrial method for the manufacture of
345:
8306:
7692:
7575:
7415:
7224:
7167:
7077:
6517:
6146:
5805:
5795:
5758:
5748:
5728:
5540:
5391:
2485:
2356:
2268:
2103:
2082:
1898:
1815:
1806:
1786:
1777:
1590:
1565:
1556:
1484:
1440:
1358:
1333:
1324:
1300:
1121:
959:
737:
are the largest revenue segment and includes all categories of
647:
539:
515:
327:
272:
241:
and proved to be a cheap and successful product. He opened the
119:
8226:
8199:
7753:
7524:
7387:
7251:
7159:
6765:
6382:
5011:
5001:
4966:
2426:
2293:
2289:
1941:
1902:
1893:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1720:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1561:
1532:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1424:
1391:
1343:
1285:
1275:
1266:
1072:, specialty coatings, printing inks, water-soluble polymers,
887:
783:
564:
268:
256:
210:
79:
75:
7905:
7722:
7410:
7313:
7266:
6685:
6396:
5763:
5753:
5428:
4951:
4343:"Chemicals Market Size, Trends and Global Forecast To 2032"
2489:
2458:
2200:
2090:
1811:
1197:
1037:
907:
604:
548:
491:
276:
264:
115:
741:
and human-made fibers. The major markets for plastics are
225:
by the middle of the century, but it was the discovery of
7067:
6386:
6308:
5156:
2319:
Chemical processes such as chemical reactions operate in
2297:
2007:
987:
875:
71:
950:
are the smallest category (about 6 percent) and include
4280:
514:
facility. In the 1840s he established large works near
388:
Belgium. In 1874, they expanded into a larger plant in
326:
in 1816, but it remained on a small scale due to large
2018:
provide a few examples of products used by consumers.
1028:," which are almost always single-molecule products.
630:
By the 1920s, chemical firms consolidated into large
191:
were the first to establish a large-scale factory in
4105:
Derry, Thomas Kingston; Williams, Trevor I. (1993).
4810:
World Population and Production Trends and Outlooks
800:and intermediate chemicals are primarily made from
4807:
2418:material, energy and utility efficiency and other
1170:Top chemical companies by chemical sales in 2015.
1048:. Typical growth rates are 0.8 to 1.0 times GDP.
563:use of electrochemistry to produce chemicals from
255:was used since ancient times in the production of
8494:
4799:Shreve, R. Norris; Brink, Joseph A. Jr. (1977).
4715:A History of the International Chemical Industry
4119:
314:In Britain, the Leblanc process became popular.
4596:. Chemical News. pp. 18–20. Archived from
1064:, construction chemicals, Industrial Cleaners,
307:. He was denied his prize money because of the
4429:(Report). MarketLine. May 2012. Archived from
4397:(Report). Marketline. May 2012. Archived from
415:began at scale in the early 19th century. The
291:for a method to produce alkali from sea salt (
4848:
4321:. PHI Learning Private Limited. p. 132.
4085:Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster
2463:Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster
1258:(China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation)
318:built the first soda works in Britain at the
4745:Growth Company: Dow Chemical's First Century
4312:
4310:
4173:
4171:
2385:
4808:Woytinsky, W. S.; Woytinsky, E. S. (1953).
4798:
4289:. Archived from the original on 2013-12-15.
2476:
477:
4855:
4841:
1080:, oil field chemicals, plastic adhesives,
411:The manufacture of chemical products from
4307:
4281:Jeannifer Filly Sumayku (22 March 2010).
4168:
4156:
1108:top 11 of the 100 chemicals in 2000 were
812:fractions. Large volume products include
366:first pieces of environmental legislation
4765:
4712:
4228:
4224:
4177:
4162:
2480:
2389:
1972:
706:
485:
344:
197:
169:
29:
4591:"European Chemicals Industry: A review"
4588:
4189:
2021:The industry includes manufacturers of
14:
8495:
7876:
4803:(4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
4742:
4274:
4270:. UK Patent office. 1857. p. 255.
4122:"Sulfuric Acid: Pumping Up the Volume"
1005:
498:Production of artificial manufactured
474:were later added to the product line.
8090:
7875:
7145:
5609:
5608:
4875:
4836:
4785:
4683:
4681:
4504:
4482:. Sparta Systems, Inc. Archived from
4364:
4362:
4316:
431:began to be processed in 1822 at the
8462:
4862:
4717:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1031:
749:The largest-volume polymer product,
582:. The first plastic was invented by
4747:. Michigan State University Press.
4533:"Our contribution to EU27 industry"
4317:Singh, Kirpal (July 2012). "17.2".
4143:"The Chemical Industries In The UK"
711:New polypropylene plant PP3 in the
607:from vegetable oils was started by
338:and Charles Tennant's complex near
24:
7146:
4876:
4678:
4659:. CEFIC. p. 7. Archived from
4627:. CEFIC. p. 6. Archived from
4359:
4347:www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com
1162:List of largest chemical producers
303:who then built a Leblanc plant at
25:
8524:
4818:
4453:
490:The factories of the German firm
38:- an example of chemical industry
8473:
8461:
8450:
8449:
1950:
1921:
1892:
1863:
1834:
1805:
1776:
1743:
1714:
1685:
1656:
1627:
1599:
1584:
1555:
1526:
1493:
1464:
1434:
1414:
1381:
1352:
1323:
1294:
1265:
1235:
1206:
965:
8474:
6009:Outdoors & sports equipment
4801:The Chemical Process Industries
4788:Chemical & Engineering News
4646:
4614:
4582:
4550:
4525:
4498:
4472:
4447:
4416:
4384:
4335:
2435:Gulf Coast of the United States
691:, apparel, petroleum refining,
138:; and other categories such as
4689:"Global Business of Chemistry"
4370:"Sectors of Chemical Industry"
4258:
4234:
4218:
4183:
4135:
4113:
4098:
866:and basic industrials include
658:Polymers and plastics such as
404:, and built a Solvay plant at
13:
1:
6013:Personal protective equipment
4824:Chemical refinery resources:
4204:10.1080/17581206.2020.1787807
4091:
1968:
94:. It includes industries for
4770:. Harvard University Press.
4766:Chandler, Alfred D. (2005).
4589:Higgins, Stan (April 2013).
4505:SINGH, KIRPAL (2012-07-07).
3615:Asia-Pacific excluding Japan
1978:emissions, and contaminants.
1315:Formosa Plastics Corporation
1155:
644:Imperial Chemical Industries
90:for industrial and consumer
7:
8091:
4424:Global Speciality Chemicals
4145:. American Chemical Society
4124:. American Chemical Society
4075:Prices of chemical elements
4048:
2284:Related industries include
702:
653:
10:
8529:
4392:Global Specialty Chemicals
1159:
1105:American Chemistry Council
1094:water management chemicals
672:polyethylene terephthalate
443:, pitch oil (later called
285:French Academy of Sciences
156:
8444:
8292:
8175:
8101:
8097:
8086:
8045:
7995:
7888:
7884:
7871:
7738:
7678:
7635:
7505:
7396:
7336:
7240:
7158:
7154:
7141:
7006:
6897:
6803:
6460:
6228:
6028:
5628:
5621:
5617:
5604:
5411:
5232:
5118:
4895:
4888:
4884:
4871:
4511:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
4299:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4246:American Chemical Society
4120:Kiefer, David M. (2001).
2386:World chemical production
530:in the United States and
433:Bonnington Chemical Works
8322:Mergers and acquisitions
8063:Research and development
6428:Chemical & hormonal
6083:Communications equipment
3512:Africa & Middle East
2563:United States of America
2477:Continents and countries
2380:research-and-development
1060:, electronic chemicals,
542:. He partly transformed
478:Expansion and maturation
299:was patented in 1791 by
287:offered a prize of 2400
271:, and the source of the
243:St Rollox Chemical Works
54:. Central to the modern
7113:Painting and decorating
6137:Medical imaging systems
6070:Parts & peripherals
4713:Aftalion, Fred (1991).
4563:. CEFIC. Archived from
4508:CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
4319:Chemistry in Daily Life
4065:Pharmaceutical industry
2333:fractional distillation
802:liquefied petroleum gas
590:. In 1856, he patented
524:vulcanization of rubber
518:for the manufacture of
402:Brunner, Mond & Co.
275:had traditionally been
8513:Industries (economics)
8426:State-owned enterprise
8406:Nonprofit organization
8317:Horizontal integration
6130:Scientific instruments
6093:Network infrastructure
4743:Brandt, E. N. (1997).
4267:Patents for inventions
3446:Central/Eastern Europe
2493:
2395:
1979:
976:animal health products
838:vinyl chloride monomer
720:
520:superphosphate of lime
495:
357:
206:
124:agricultural chemicals
39:
18:Chemical manufacturing
7769:Private investigation
4812:. pp. 1176–1205.
3986:Total world shipments
2488:'s chemical plant in
2484:
2393:
1976:
1182:2015 Chemical Sales (
1150:diammonium phosphates
786:, polypropylene, and
710:
510:at his purpose-built
506:was pioneered by Sir
489:
376:was developed by the
362:Industrial Revolution
348:
334:'s chemical works in
320:Losh, Wilson and Bell
201:
193:Prestonpans, Scotland
178:. In 1736 pharmacist
170:Industrial Revolution
164:Industrial Revolution
33:
8508:Industrial processes
8337:Vertical integration
6343:Speciality chemicals
6183:Electrical equipment
6100:Consumer electronics
4454:Tullo, Alexander H.
4055:Chemical engineering
2410:, and the smallest,
2394:Distillation columns
1227:Dow Chemical Company
1022:Speciality chemicals
580:Abraham Pineo Gesner
536:William Henry Perkin
522:. Processes for the
455:) and sal ammoniac (
144:speciality chemicals
8421:Sole proprietorship
8396:Joint-stock company
7670:Veterinary medicine
7495:Property management
7289:Passenger transport
6316:Commodity chemicals
6142:Optical instruments
6110:Video game consoles
6003:Musical instruments
5844:Media reproduction
4404:on 15 November 2012
2408:specialty chemicals
2404:commodity chemicals
1884:Reliance Industries
1648:PTT Global Chemical
1456:Mitsubishi Chemical
1112:(44 million tons),
1011:Specialty chemicals
1006:Specialty chemicals
903:Inorganic chemicals
858:specialty chemicals
725:inorganic chemicals
561:Herbert Henry Dow's
512:Rothamsted Research
380:industrial chemist
217:and exposing it to
112:inorganic chemicals
88:commodity chemicals
8369:Putting-out system
7878:Information sector
7799:Personal services
7406:Financial services
6878:offshore platforms
6727:advanced materials
6708:Ready-mix concrete
6161:Laser construction
6121:Clocks and watches
5955:Injection moulding
5926:Other fabrication
5879:household hardware
4736:2011-06-04 at the
4287:The President Post
4109:. New York: Dover.
3881:Other Asia/Pacific
2494:
2420:economies of scale
2396:
1988:chemical reactions
1984:chemical processes
1980:
1797:Yara International
1090:cosmetic chemicals
1058:specialty polymers
757:Polyvinyl chloride
721:
668:polyvinyl chloride
496:
358:
207:
40:
8503:Chemical industry
8490:
8489:
8440:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8267:Natural resources
8112:Production-based
8082:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8020:Vocational school
7867:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7098:Electrical wiring
7084:Specialty trades
7038:Civil engineering
6893:
6892:
6567:Vulcanized rubber
6363:Cleaning products
6203:Electric lighting
5920:Surface finishing
5910:Powder metallurgy
5865:Metal fabrication
5611:Industrial sector
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5499:Rare-earth metals
5407:
5406:
4724:978-0-8122-1297-6
4518:978-81-203-4617-8
4486:on 7 October 2015
4328:978-81-203-4617-8
4046:
4045:
2282:
2281:
1966:
1965:
1855:Sumitomo Chemical
1706:Evonik Industries
1242:Midland, Michigan
1032:Consumer products
940:hydrogen peroxide
922:, acids (such as
864:Other derivatives
776:human-made fibers
526:were patented by
461:Ammonium sulphate
457:ammonium chloride
421:ammoniacal liquor
309:French Revolution
44:chemical industry
16:(Redirected from
8520:
8477:
8476:
8465:
8464:
8453:
8452:
8349:Enforced breakup
8344:Decentralization
8272:Physical capital
8099:
8098:
8088:
8087:
7886:
7885:
7873:
7872:
7749:Customer service
7665:Residential care
7613:Public relations
7421:Financial advice
7398:Asset management
7193:Department store
7156:
7155:
7143:
7142:
7123:Site preparation
6971:Telecom networks
6939:Waste management
6915:Gas distribution
6599:Synthetic fibers
6326:Industrial gases
6065:Computer systems
5999:Medical supplies
5626:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5606:
5605:
5036:Animal husbandry
5007:Medicinal plants
4893:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4873:
4872:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4813:
4804:
4795:
4781:
4758:
4728:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4691:. Archived from
4685:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4626:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4602:
4595:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4298:
4290:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4238:
4232:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4187:
4181:
4180:, pp. 14–16
4175:
4166:
4165:, pp. 11–13
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4102:
4080:Responsible Care
4060:Chemical leasing
2520:
2519:
2260:industrial gases
2225:ammonium nitrate
2058:sodium hydroxide
2032:
2031:
1955:
1954:
1926:
1925:
1897:
1896:
1868:
1867:
1839:
1838:
1810:
1809:
1781:
1780:
1748:
1747:
1719:
1718:
1690:
1689:
1677:Toray Industries
1661:
1660:
1632:
1631:
1604:
1603:
1589:
1588:
1560:
1559:
1531:
1530:
1498:
1497:
1469:
1468:
1439:
1438:
1419:
1418:
1386:
1385:
1373:ExxonMobil Corp.
1357:
1356:
1328:
1327:
1299:
1298:
1270:
1269:
1240:
1239:
1211:
1210:
1173:
1172:
1016:industrial gases
936:titanium dioxide
868:synthetic rubber
611:and his brother
584:Alexander Parkes
528:Charles Goodyear
427:manufacture for
227:bleaching powder
140:industrial gases
108:synthetic fibers
34:Oil refinery in
21:
8528:
8527:
8523:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8493:
8492:
8491:
8486:
8485:
8432:
8401:Nationalization
8288:
8258:Primary inputs
8179:
8171:
8104:
8103:Classification
8093:
8074:
8041:
7991:
7975:Social networks
7892:
7880:
7859:
7843:Business travel
7745:Administrative
7734:
7718:Amusement parks
7682:
7674:
7648:Dentist offices
7631:
7501:
7468:Pension funding
7441:Risk management
7426:Holding company
7392:
7332:
7244:
7236:
7208:Specialty store
7203:Online shopping
7150:
7129:
7002:
6889:
6799:
6456:
6414:Pharmaceuticals
6358:Aroma compounds
6294:Petroleum jelly
6224:
6213:Home appliances
6208:Electric motors
6156:spotting scopes
6117:Instrumentation
6030:
6024:
6006:Office supplies
5613:
5592:
5576:Dimension stone
5510:Other minerals
5455:Mining of ores
5403:
5228:
5114:
5061:Other livestock
4947:Permanent crops
4880:
4867:
4861:
4821:
4778:
4755:
4738:Wayback Machine
4725:
4709:
4708:
4698:
4696:
4687:
4686:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4666:on 4 March 2016
4663:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4634:on 4 March 2016
4631:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4593:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4570:on 4 March 2016
4567:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4464:
4462:
4452:
4448:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4351:
4349:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4315:
4308:
4292:
4291:
4279:
4275:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4250:
4248:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4227:, p. 104,
4223:
4219:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4127:
4125:
4118:
4114:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4051:
2479:
2459:port facilities
2388:
2364:quality control
2341:crystallization
2321:chemical plants
2314:food processing
2310:pharmaceuticals
2245:benzyl benzoate
2016:portland cement
1971:
1949:
1920:
1891:
1862:
1833:
1804:
1775:
1742:
1713:
1684:
1655:
1626:
1598:
1583:
1576:The Linde Group
1554:
1525:
1492:
1463:
1433:
1413:
1380:
1351:
1322:
1293:
1264:
1234:
1205:
1164:
1158:
1146:phosphoric acid
1078:paper chemicals
1034:
1008:
974:, diagnostics,
972:pharmaceuticals
968:
928:phosphoric acid
705:
656:
578:, and Canadian
480:
470:, coke oil and
301:Nicolas Leblanc
297:Leblanc process
293:sodium chloride
231:Charles Tennant
203:Charles Tennant
172:
159:
148:pharmaceuticals
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8526:
8516:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8488:
8487:
8484:
8483:
8471:
8459:
8446:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8430:
8429:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8379:Temporary work
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8341:
8340:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8302:Centralization
8298:
8296:
8290:
8289:
8287:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8256:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8224:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8186:
8184:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8169:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8118:
8109:
8107:
8095:
8094:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8068:Basic research
8060:
8055:
8049:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8022:
8012:
8007:
8001:
7999:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7920:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7899:
7897:
7882:
7881:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7837:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7797:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7707:
7702:
7701:
7700:
7689:
7687:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7661:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7641:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7617:
7616:
7615:
7610:
7600:
7598:Legal services
7595:
7594:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7569:system testing
7558:
7553:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7511:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7431:Money transfer
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7402:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7384:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7342:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7304:Passenger rail
7301:
7296:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7272:Moving company
7269:
7264:
7259:
7248:
7246:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7178:Consumer goods
7175:
7173:Car dealership
7164:
7162:
7152:
7151:
7148:Service sector
7139:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7012:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6968:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6903:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6871:
6866:
6851:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6809:
6807:
6805:Heavy industry
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6744:Metal refining
6741:
6740:
6739:
6737:Synthetic gems
6734:
6729:
6720:
6714:Other mineral
6712:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6604:Thermoplastics
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6484:
6479:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6430:contraceptives
6426:
6424:Blood products
6421:
6411:
6409:Fine chemicals
6406:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6289:Petrochemicals
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6190:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6149:
6139:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6072:
6067:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6053:Semiconductors
6050:
6048:Circuit boards
6045:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5996:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5915:Prefabrication
5912:
5907:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5872:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5848:Cassette tapes
5842:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5684:Vegetable oils
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5658:
5657:Dairy products
5655:
5650:
5645:
5634:
5632:
5630:Light industry
5623:
5615:
5614:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5212:Wild mushrooms
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5189:
5187:Natural rubber
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5124:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4972:Tropical fruit
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4905:Arable farming
4901:
4899:
4890:
4882:
4881:
4878:Natural sector
4869:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4820:
4819:External links
4817:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4796:
4783:
4776:
4763:
4753:
4740:
4731:online version
4723:
4707:
4706:
4677:
4645:
4613:
4581:
4549:
4524:
4517:
4497:
4471:
4446:
4415:
4383:
4358:
4334:
4327:
4306:
4273:
4257:
4233:
4217:
4198:(1–2): 73–91.
4182:
4167:
4155:
4134:
4112:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4070:Industrial gas
4067:
4062:
4057:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Western Europe
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:United Kingdom
2958:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2478:
2475:
2455:power stations
2443:United Kingdom
2412:fine chemicals
2400:petrochemicals
2387:
2384:
2371:specifications
2280:
2279:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2229:nitrocellulose
2218:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2114:
2112:petrochemicals
2108:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2087:ethylene oxide
2076:
2069:
2068:
2047:
2040:
2039:
2036:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1740:
1737:
1735:PPG Industries
1732:
1728:
1727:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1445:United Kingdom
1411:
1408:
1406:LyondellBasell
1403:
1399:
1398:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1363:United Kingdom
1349:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1330:Kaohsiung City
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1160:Main article:
1157:
1154:
1074:food additives
1033:
1030:
1026:fine chemicals
1007:
1004:
967:
964:
850:ethylene oxide
798:Petrochemicals
792:
791:
772:
766:
760:
754:
715:oil refinery (
704:
701:
693:pulp and paper
655:
652:
642:in France and
625:vegetable oils
600:nitrocellulose
532:Thomas Hancock
479:
476:
468:road surfacing
374:Solvay process
332:James Muspratt
281:Western Europe
189:Samuel Garbett
171:
168:
158:
155:
96:petrochemicals
58:, it converts
46:comprises the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8525:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8498:
8482:
8481:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8460:
8458:
8457:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8416:Privatization
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8384:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8342:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8304:
8303:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8295:
8291:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8190:Externalities
8188:
8187:
8185:
8183:
8178:
8174:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8152:
8151:Market-based
8150:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8100:
8096:
8089:
8085:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7998:
7994:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7966:
7963:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7941:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7923:
7922:Audio-visual
7921:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7874:
7870:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7774:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7737:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7681:
7680:Entertainment
7677:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7634:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7577:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7454:
7451:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7436:Payment cards
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7371:Food delivery
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7351:Drink service
7349:
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7322:
7319:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7245:& Storage
7243:
7239:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7188:Grocery store
7186:
7184:
7183:General store
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7144:
7140:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7005:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6869:Rail vehicles
6867:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6842:wind turbines
6839:
6836:
6834:
6833:Machine tools
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6723:Carbon fibers
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6440:Illegal drugs
6438:
6436:
6435:Generic drugs
6433:
6431:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6353:Agrochemicals
6351:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6336:Pure elements
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6304:Synthetic oil
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6166:Lens grinding
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6088:Mobile phones
6086:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6076:storage media
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:& optical
6027:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5858:Optical discs
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:Bottled water
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5622:Manufacturing
5620:
5616:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:Sea cucumbers
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:Dairy farming
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4952:Apples et al.
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4827:ccc-group.com
4823:
4822:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4777:0-674-01720-X
4773:
4769:
4764:
4762:
4761:online review
4756:
4754:0-87013-426-4
4750:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4695:on 2010-10-19
4694:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4662:
4655:
4649:
4630:
4623:
4617:
4603:on 2015-07-23
4599:
4592:
4585:
4566:
4559:
4553:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4520:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4501:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4436:on 2012-11-15
4432:
4425:
4419:
4400:
4393:
4387:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4330:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4311:
4302:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4261:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4231:, p. 475
4230:
4229:Chandler 2005
4226:
4225:Aftalion 1991
4221:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4178:Aftalion 1991
4174:
4172:
4164:
4163:Aftalion 1991
4159:
4144:
4138:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4101:
4097:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
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3405:
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3337:
3335:
3332:
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3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
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2937:
2934:
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2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Latin America
2818:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2738:
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2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:North America
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
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2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
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2522:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
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2474:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
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2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2375:manufacturing
2372:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:precipitation
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2278:
2277:nitrous oxide
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:nitroglycerin
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:oleochemicals
2194:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:agrochemicals
2134:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2079:acrylonitrile
2077:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:sulfuric acid
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:United States
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:United States
1607:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:United States
1505:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1429:United States
1426:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:United States
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:United States
1243:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:Headquarters
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:sulfuric acid
1106:
1103:Annually the
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
966:Life sciences
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
932:sulfuric acid
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:Polypropylene
761:
758:
755:
752:
748:
747:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
730:
726:
718:
714:
709:
700:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
680:polycarbonate
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:polypropylene
661:
651:
649:
645:
641:
640:Rhône-Poulenc
637:
633:
632:conglomerates
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:William Lever
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
586:, an English
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:petrochemical
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
488:
484:
475:
473:
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
451:, lampblack (
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:Ernest Solvay
379:
375:
370:
367:
363:
355:
351:
350:Ernest Solvay
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:works on the
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
204:
200:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
177:
176:sulfuric acid
167:
165:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:raw materials
57:
56:world economy
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
8479:
8467:
8455:
8374:Spinning-off
8359:Homesteading
8312:Conglomerate
8294:Organization
8247:Raw material
8242:Intermediate
8121:
8120:
7943:Broadcasting
7848:Cruise lines
7818:Maid service
7808:Dry cleaning
7779:Maintenance
7542:Architecture
7507:Professional
7326:Self storage
7230:Distribution
7008:Construction
6853:Other heavy
6778:Formed metal
6732:Mineral wool
6654:Safety glass
6625:Fused quartz
6620:Borosilicate
6284:Paraffin wax
6239:oil refining
6229:
6218:Transformers
5984:Other goods
5970:Stonemasonry
5950:Glassblowing
5935:Blow molding
5894:Locksmithing
5870:Boilermaking
5419:Fossil fuels
5217:Fungiculture
5172:Gutta-percha
5162:Frankincense
5157:Tree tapping
5128:Silviculture
5108:Fur trapping
5019:Horticulture
4967:Stone fruits
4826:
4809:
4800:
4794:(28): 35–72.
4791:
4787:
4767:
4744:
4714:
4697:. Retrieved
4693:the original
4668:. Retrieved
4661:the original
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4629:the original
4616:
4605:. Retrieved
4598:the original
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4565:the original
4552:
4540:. Retrieved
4536:
4527:
4507:
4500:
4488:. Retrieved
4484:the original
4474:
4463:. Retrieved
4459:
4449:
4438:. Retrieved
4431:the original
4418:
4408:16 September
4406:. Retrieved
4399:the original
4386:
4376:16 September
4374:. Retrieved
4372:. Technofunc
4350:. Retrieved
4346:
4337:
4318:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4260:
4249:. Retrieved
4245:
4236:
4220:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4158:
4147:. Retrieved
4137:
4126:. Retrieved
4115:
4106:
4100:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3920:Asia/Pacific
3919:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2471:
2424:
2416:
2397:
2367:laboratories
2361:
2329:distillation
2318:
2283:
2209:stearic acid
2189:polyurethane
2181:polyisoprene
2161:polyethylene
2145:insecticides
2106:brick, frit
2035:Product Type
2020:
2012:washing soda
1981:
1754:Pennsylvania
1432:
1305:Saudi Arabia
1213:Ludwigshafen
1186:in billions)
1169:
1165:
1138:polyethylene
1102:
1050:
1035:
1020:
1009:
996:insecticides
969:
945:
944:
916:caustic soda
901:
900:
892:carbon black
863:
862:
796:
793:
774:The leading
751:polyethylene
734:
733:
722:
697:
660:polyethylene
657:
646:in Britain.
638:in Germany,
629:
588:metallurgist
569:
497:
481:
463:fertiliser,
453:carbon black
429:gas lighting
423:residues of
413:fossil fuels
410:
398:John Brunner
371:
359:
316:William Losh
313:
251:
208:
185:John Roebuck
173:
160:
152:
43:
41:
8411:Partnership
8391:Cooperative
8364:Outsourcing
8354:Freelancing
8232:Commodities
7936:Video games
7911:Periodicals
7788:Landscaping
7723:Fairgrounds
7625:Advertising
7546:engineering
7530:Bookkeeping
7485:Real estate
7478:Reinsurance
7376:Restaurants
7346:Foodservice
7338:Hospitality
7321:Warehousing
7309:Ridesharing
7299:Car rentals
7031:Residential
6966:Remediation
6849:Automobiles
6671:Earthenware
6640:Glass fiber
6635:Float glass
6445:Supplements
6419:Antibiotics
6321:Fertilizers
6279:Mineral oil
6254:Diesel fuel
6237:Coal &
6197:fiber optic
6171:Microscopes
6125:GPS devices
6105:Televisions
6038:Electronics
6029:Electrical
5975:Woodworking
5930:3D printing
5889:Gunsmithing
5853:Phonographs
5838:Typesetting
5818:Bookbinding
5781:Dressmaking
5776:Accessories
5708:Soft drinks
5643:Animal feed
5434:Natural gas
5322:Aquaculture
5305:Sea urchins
5177:Maple syrup
5051:Fur farming
5041:Beef cattle
4977:Viticulture
4925:Fiber crops
4897:Agriculture
4699:26 February
4460:cen.acs.org
3151:Switzerland
3075:Netherlands
2451:Netherlands
2353:sublimation
2331:especially
2205:soybean oil
2141:fertilizers
2075:industrial
2066:nitric acid
2046:industrial
1996:manufacture
1638:Netherlands
1547:Air Liquide
1537:South Korea
1062:surfactants
962:chemicals.
947:Fertilizers
924:nitric acid
872:surfactants
806:natural gas
769:Polystyrene
729:fertilizers
719:, Slovakia)
676:polystyrene
615:in 1885 in
576:James Young
504:agriculture
394:Ludwig Mond
305:Saint-Denis
245:, north of
239:slaked lime
180:Joshua Ward
128:fertilizers
68:natural gas
8497:Categories
8284:Technology
8254:Innovation
8215:Well-being
8025:University
7958:Television
7895:Mass media
7890:Publishing
7728:Nightclubs
7637:Healthcare
7608:Consulting
7603:Management
7551:Inspection
7535:Tax advice
7515:Accounting
7446:Securities
7262:Intermodal
7198:Mail order
7093:Demolition
7026:Industrial
7021:Commercial
6944:Collection
6795:Cast metal
6681:Refractory
6649:fiberglass
6645:Glass wool
6608:thermosets
6584:Engineered
6513:Engineered
6508:Sawmilling
6402:Toiletries
6373:Explosives
6193:Electrical
6176:Telescopes
6043:Components
5801:Shoemaking
5519:Phosphorus
5412:Geological
5362:Microalgae
5205:Pine resin
5192:Palm sugar
5167:Gum arabic
5081:Beekeeping
4920:Vegetables
4865:industries
4607:2013-08-05
4542:28 October
4465:2016-10-10
4440:2012-09-16
4352:2023-08-04
4251:2016-10-10
4149:2013-04-21
4128:2008-04-21
4092:References
2445:), and in
2433:along the
2349:filtration
2345:adsorption
2236:fragrances
2216:explosives
2176:elastomers
2149:herbicides
2004:pesticides
1969:Technology
1957:Leverkusen
1841:Leverkusen
1750:Pittsburgh
1619:Akzo Nobel
1606:New Jersey
1500:Wilmington
1070:fragrances
1054:pesticides
1042:detergents
1000:fungicides
992:herbicides
984:pesticides
952:phosphates
896:explosives
884:turpentine
860:category.
717:Bratislava
687:products,
617:Lancashire
508:John Lawes
500:fertilizer
494:, in 1866.
406:Winnington
324:River Tyne
136:herbicides
132:pesticides
8386:Ownership
8332:Monopsony
8210:Pollution
8195:Community
8105:standards
8010:Secondary
7997:Education
7980:Streaming
7653:Hospitals
7644:Medicine
7620:Marketing
7556:Surveying
7520:Assurance
7490:Brokerage
7453:Insurance
7381:Teahouses
7366:Fast food
7257:Air cargo
7242:Transport
7225:Brokerage
7215:Wholesale
7103:Elevators
7088:Cabinetry
7016:Buildings
6996:Telephone
6991:Satellite
6959:Recycling
6954:Hazardous
6920:Renewable
6899:Utilities
6860:Aerospace
6828:Hydraulic
6818:Conveyors
6813:Machinery
6718:Abrasives
6676:Porcelain
6630:Soda-lime
6589:Specialty
6579:Commodity
6540:Cardboard
6523:Composite
6461:Materials
6378:Fireworks
6368:Cosmetics
6348:Adhesives
6230:Chemicals
6188:Batteries
6060:Computers
5995:Jewellery
5981:Furniture
5965:Sintering
5945:Extrusion
5899:Machining
5875:Builders'
5828:Engraving
5823:Embossing
5806:Tailoring
5791:Hatmaking
5691:Beverages
5674:Preserved
5571:Limestone
5541:Quarrying
5514:Gemstones
5484:Palladium
5449:Tar sands
5444:Petroleum
5439:Oil shale
5285:Swordfish
5245:Anchovies
5086:Cochineal
4537:cefic.org
4212:221115202
3805:Singapore
3729:Australia
2492:, Finland
2447:Rotterdam
2431:Louisiana
2325:catalysts
2286:petroleum
2273:acetylene
2169:polyester
2121:propylene
2100:products
2044:inorganic
2038:Examples
2023:inorganic
1783:São Paulo
1634:Amsterdam
1156:Companies
1148:(13) and
1134:propylene
1098:catalysts
1082:adhesives
1046:cosmetics
846:butadiene
818:propylene
810:crude oil
780:polyester
743:packaging
636:IG Farben
598:based on
596:celluloid
592:Parkesine
437:Edinburgh
386:Charleroi
336:Liverpool
279:ashes in
237:with dry
215:sour milk
52:chemicals
48:companies
36:Louisiana
8456:Category
8327:Monopoly
8279:Services
8058:Language
8053:Creative
8037:Tutoring
8015:Tertiary
7985:Websites
7965:Internet
7916:Software
7902:Written
7823:Pet care
7783:Janitors
7773:security
7764:Staffing
7693:Gambling
7586:Interior
7567:, &
7561:Physical
7473:Property
7361:Catering
7294:Airlines
7282:Trucking
7118:Plumbing
7073:Dredging
7048:Railways
6981:Internet
6976:Cable TV
6910:Electric
6855:vehicles
6754:Aluminum
6661:Ceramics
6574:Plastics
6487:Currying
6477:deliming
6450:Vaccines
6392:Perfumes
6331:Pigments
6274:Kerosene
6269:Jet fuel
6264:Gasoline
6259:Fuel oil
5991:Bicycles
5905:smithing
5813:Printing
5771:Clothing
5739:Spinning
5719:Textiles
5669:Prepared
5489:Platinum
5459:Aluminum
5387:Scallops
5300:Lobsters
5275:Mackerel
5255:Sardines
5222:Truffles
5198:, &
5145:Firewood
5120:Forestry
4930:Oilseeds
4734:Archived
4670:5 August
4638:5 August
4574:5 August
4490:20 March
4295:cite web
4049:See also
2467:Teesside
2439:Teesside
2306:adhesive
2265:nitrogen
2253:vanillin
2249:coumarin
2185:neoprene
2165:Bakelite
2156:polymers
2117:ethylene
2054:chlorine
2000:Solvents
1992:refining
1986:such as
1928:Brussels
1826:Covestro
1667:Thailand
1504:Delaware
1142:chlorine
1118:ethylene
1114:nitrogen
1086:sealants
1066:flavours
980:vitamins
920:soda ash
912:chlorine
880:pigments
854:polymers
834:methanol
814:ethylene
788:acrylics
778:include
739:plastics
735:Polymers
713:Slovnaft
703:Overview
689:textiles
654:Products
621:glycerin
445:creosote
439:to make
425:coal gas
417:coal tar
354:soda ash
253:Soda ash
235:chlorine
219:sunlight
126:such as
114:such as
104:plastics
100:polymers
98:such as
92:products
84:minerals
8480:Outline
8468:Commons
8222:Funding
8205:Culture
8182:outputs
8092:Related
8032:Testing
8005:Primary
7970:Hosting
7853:Tourism
7839:Travel
7835:Poverty
7813:Funeral
7795:Repairs
7759:Renting
7754:Leasing
7713:Arcades
7709:Venues
7685:leisure
7658:Nursing
7591:Product
7581:Fashion
7565:product
7411:Banking
7220:Auction
7078:Harbors
7058:Tunnels
7043:Bridges
6949:Dumping
6885:Weapons
6703:Plaster
6594:Pellets
6482:Tanning
6468:Leather
6299:Propane
6244:Bitumen
6147:Cameras
5987:Baggage
5960:Pottery
5940:Drawing
5884:Cutlery
5749:Carpets
5744:Weaving
5724:Carding
5653:Canning
5581:Granite
5504:Uranium
5494:Lithium
5367:Seaweed
5352:Oysters
5347:Mussels
5342:Abalone
5337:Tilapia
5332:Catfish
5315:Whaling
5270:Pollock
5265:Haddock
5250:Herring
5240:Fishing
5233:Aquatic
5140:Logging
5103:Hunting
5091:Shellac
5076:Poultry
5024:Flowers
4957:Berries
4940:Tobacco
4915:Legumes
4910:Cereals
4087:(NEPIC)
3359:1,076.8
3189:Ireland
3113:Belgium
2885:Germany
2449:in the
2302:sealant
2240:flavors
2129:styrene
2125:benzene
2098:ceramic
2073:organic
2050:ammonia
2027:organic
1961:Germany
1946:$ 11.5
1932:Belgium
1917:$ 12.3
1888:$ 12.9
1859:$ 13.3
1845:Germany
1830:$ 13.4
1801:$ 13.9
1772:$ 14.2
1768:Braskem
1739:$ 14.2
1725:Germany
1710:$ 15.0
1681:$ 15.5
1663:Bangkok
1652:$ 16.2
1623:$ 16.5
1595:Germany
1580:$ 16.8
1551:$ 17.3
1522:$ 18.2
1518:LG Chem
1489:$ 20.7
1460:$ 24.3
1421:Houston
1410:$ 26.7
1377:$ 28.1
1348:$ 28.5
1319:$ 29.2
1290:$ 34.3
1272:Beijing
1261:$ 43.8
1256:Sinopec
1231:$ 48.8
1217:Germany
1202:$ 63.7
1179:Company
1130:ammonia
956:ammonia
842:styrene
840:(VCM),
830:xylenes
826:toluene
822:benzene
804:(LPG),
685:plastic
557:Hoechst
544:aniline
465:asphalt
441:naphtha
400:formed
378:Belgian
340:Glasgow
328:tariffs
295:). The
261:textile
247:Glasgow
157:History
120:alkalis
86:) into
8307:Cartel
8180:&
8177:Inputs
8116:ANZSIC
7893:&
7803:Beauty
7771:&
7698:Online
7683:&
7576:Design
7544:&
7458:Health
7416:Credit
7388:Hotels
7168:Retail
7063:Canals
6986:Mobile
6932:Sewage
6906:Power
6876:&
6862:&
6840:&
6788:Forged
6783:Rolled
6766:Alloys
6759:Copper
6725:&
6698:Mortar
6693:Cement
6647:&
6606:&
6557:Rubber
6550:Tissue
6535:Sizing
6518:Lumber
6503:Drying
6491:oiling
6489:&
6475:&
6473:Liming
6385:&
6383:Paints
6199:cables
6195:&
6154:&
6074:Blank
5903:Other
5877:&
5833:Secure
5796:Sewing
5759:Linens
5734:Prints
5729:Dyeing
5705:Liquor
5679:Sweets
5648:Baking
5586:Marble
5566:Gypsum
5546:Gravel
5534:Sulfur
5524:Potash
5479:Silver
5464:Copper
5397:Shrimp
5392:Salmon
5357:Pearls
5182:Mastic
5152:Rattan
5133:Bamboo
5056:Horses
5012:Spices
5002:Olives
4987:Coffee
4962:Citrus
4889:Biotic
4863:Major
4774:
4751:
4721:
4515:
4325:
4210:
4041:3696.8
4036:3160.7
4031:2858.1
4026:2596.4
4021:2325.6
4016:2008.5
4011:1748.8
4006:1670.9
4001:1719.0
3996:1625.5
3991:1573.5
3975:1291.2
3970:1041.0
3843:Taiwan
3800:133.2
3686:549.4
3648:993.2
3610:298.0
3369:Russia
3227:Sweden
3032:122.9
2994:123.4
2956:158.9
2923:France
2918:263.2
2814:102.1
2776:126.7
2743:Brazil
2639:Mexico
2601:Canada
2596:689.3
2486:Kemira
2406:), to
2357:drying
2355:, and
2269:oxygen
2104:silica
2083:phenol
2025:- and
2014:, and
1913:Solvay
1899:Mumbai
1816:Norway
1787:Brazil
1591:Munich
1566:France
1485:DuPont
1441:London
1431:, and
1388:Irving
1359:London
1334:Taiwan
1301:Riyadh
1152:(12).
1144:(13),
1140:(15),
1136:(16),
1132:(17),
1128:(22),
1124:(27),
1122:oxygen
1120:(28),
1116:(34),
1044:, and
998:, and
982:, and
960:potash
958:, and
938:, and
930:, and
888:resins
848:, and
727:, and
648:Dupont
555:, and
540:London
516:London
289:livres
273:potash
267:, and
82:, and
80:metals
8262:Labor
8237:Final
8227:Goods
8200:Crime
8145:UKSIC
8135:NAICS
8046:Other
7953:Radio
7931:Music
7906:Books
7739:Other
7705:Sport
7525:Audit
7356:Cafés
7314:Taxis
7252:Cargo
7160:Sales
7053:Roads
6927:Water
6874:Ships
6864:space
6838:Power
6823:Heavy
6771:Steel
6666:Brick
6615:Glass
6562:Tires
6530:Paper
5660:Flour
5556:Chalk
5377:Clams
5373:Both
5310:Squid
5295:Crabs
5280:Shark
5196:syrup
5029:Seeds
4982:Cocoa
4935:Sugar
4664:(PDF)
4657:(PDF)
4632:(PDF)
4625:(PDF)
4601:(PDF)
4594:(PDF)
4568:(PDF)
4561:(PDF)
4434:(PDF)
4427:(PDF)
4402:(PDF)
4395:(PDF)
4208:S2CID
3965:917.3
3960:818.8
3955:707.5
3950:587.8
3945:497.7
3940:479.7
3935:515.7
3930:462.3
3925:409.0
3914:90.8
3876:62.9
3838:31.6
3797:116.7
3794:103.4
3767:Korea
3762:27.1
3724:98.2
3691:India
3683:406.4
3680:331.4
3677:269.0
3674:205.0
3671:159.9
3668:126.5
3665:111.0
3662:103.6
3653:China
3645:795.5
3642:668.8
3639:567.5
3636:463.9
3633:369.1
3630:300.5
3627:271.5
3624:276.1
3621:241.9
3618:215.2
3607:245.4
3604:248.5
3601:251.3
3598:243.6
3595:218.8
3592:197.2
3589:208.3
3586:239.7
3583:220.4
3580:193.8
3577:Japan
3567:160.4
3562:124.2
3557:109.6
3501:165.1
3496:131.3
3491:108.0
3440:87.5
3407:Other
3402:77.6
3354:935.4
3349:822.4
3344:762.7
3339:721.9
3334:630.9
3329:524.4
3324:488.8
3319:490.4
3314:504.0
3309:503.1
3298:58.9
3265:Other
3260:22.6
3222:54.8
3184:53.1
3146:62.6
3108:81.7
3070:74.8
3037:Spain
3029:105.9
2999:Italy
2991:118.2
2988:107.8
2953:138.4
2950:121.3
2947:117.5
2944:111.1
2915:229.5
2912:192.5
2909:178.6
2906:168.6
2903:148.1
2900:120.1
2897:116.1
2894:118.9
2891:123.2
2888:124.9
2875:228.8
2870:185.9
2865:167.4
2860:148.3
2855:130.0
2850:110.3
2840:104.9
2835:106.5
2825:105.7
2781:Other
2733:774.6
2728:742.8
2723:733.4
2718:680.3
2713:602.7
2708:541.7
2703:512.6
2698:487.6
2693:498.0
2688:463.1
2683:456.9
2672:37.8
2634:47.4
2593:664.1
2590:657.7
2587:610.9
2584:540.9
2581:487.7
2578:462.5
2575:438.4
2572:449.2
2569:420.3
2566:416.7
2558:2009
2437:, on
2427:Texas
2294:paint
2290:glass
1942:Bayer
1903:India
1874:Japan
1870:Tokyo
1721:Essen
1696:Japan
1692:Tokyo
1562:Paris
1533:Seoul
1475:Japan
1471:Tokyo
1425:Texas
1392:Texas
1344:INEOS
1286:SABIC
1276:China
1176:Rank
1038:soaps
784:nylon
613:James
565:brine
553:Bayer
449:pitch
390:Nancy
269:paper
257:glass
211:urine
116:acids
76:water
8165:TRBC
8155:GICS
8130:NACE
8123:ISIC
7948:News
7926:Film
7463:Life
7277:Rail
7267:Mail
7108:HVAC
7068:Dams
6749:Iron
6686:Tile
6545:Pulp
6498:Wood
6397:Soap
6387:inks
6249:Coke
6018:Toys
5786:Furs
5764:Rope
5754:Lace
5712:Wine
5696:Beer
5664:Meat
5638:Food
5561:Clay
5551:Sand
5529:Salt
5474:Gold
5469:Iron
5429:Peat
5424:Coal
5327:Carp
5290:Tuna
5200:wine
5096:Silk
5071:Wool
4997:Nuts
4772:ISBN
4749:ISBN
4719:ISBN
4701:2016
4672:2013
4640:2013
4576:2013
4544:2022
4513:ISBN
4492:2015
4410:2012
4378:2013
4323:ISBN
4301:link
3911:72.2
3908:62.9
3905:52.9
3902:45.5
3899:38.8
3896:33.3
3893:30.8
3890:30.9
3887:29.1
3884:24.8
3873:57.4
3870:53.8
3867:49.5
3864:44.5
3861:34.3
3858:28.4
3855:26.8
3852:29.2
3849:23.7
3846:21.9
3835:28.9
3832:25.8
3829:22.0
3826:20.0
3823:16.1
3820:12.5
3791:91.9
3788:78.7
3785:64.4
3782:54.9
3779:50.4
3776:56.3
3773:45.5
3770:39.3
3759:22.8
3756:19.1
3753:18.7
3750:17.0
3747:14.9
3744:11.3
3741:10.8
3738:11.2
3735:12.1
3732:11.3
3721:91.1
3718:72.5
3715:63.6
3712:53.3
3709:40.8
3706:33.5
3703:32.5
3700:35.3
3697:35.3
3694:30.7
3659:87.8
3656:80.9
3552:99.3
3547:86.4
3542:73.0
3537:60.4
3532:57.4
3527:59.2
3522:53.2
3517:52.7
3486:87.1
3481:77.1
3476:64.8
3471:55.6
3466:52.5
3461:49.3
3456:44.9
3451:46.1
3437:68.4
3434:55.0
3431:46.2
3428:39.6
3425:31.4
3422:25.3
3419:23.4
3416:21.9
3413:20.3
3410:22.3
3399:63.0
3396:53.1
3393:40.9
3390:37.5
3387:33.4
3384:30.3
3381:29.1
3378:27.4
3375:24.6
3372:23.8
3295:50.3
3292:46.2
3289:42.9
3286:38.6
3283:33.5
3280:27.9
3277:26.4
3274:25.9
3271:26.8
3268:27.1
3257:21.2
3254:21.2
3251:19.3
3248:18.2
3245:15.9
3242:12.5
3239:11.0
3236:11.2
3233:11.4
3230:11.1
3219:46.0
3216:37.5
3213:34.9
3210:33.9
3207:32.3
3204:29.1
3201:22.9
3198:22.6
3195:20.1
3192:16.9
3181:42.7
3178:37.8
3175:35.4
3172:33.8
3169:30.3
3166:25.5
3163:21.1
3160:19.4
3157:22.2
3154:22.1
3143:51.6
3140:46.9
3137:43.5
3134:41.8
3131:36.1
3128:28.7
3125:27.1
3122:27.5
3119:27.0
3116:27.1
3105:67.9
3102:59.2
3099:52.7
3096:49.0
3093:40.1
3090:32.2
3087:30.6
3084:31.3
3081:29.4
3078:29.7
3067:63.7
3064:56.7
3061:52.7
3058:48.9
3055:42.0
3052:33.4
3049:31.9
3046:30.8
3043:30.8
3040:31.0
3026:95.3
3023:89.8
3020:86.6
3017:75.8
3014:64.5
3011:58.6
3008:59.5
3005:64.6
3002:63.9
2985:95.2
2982:91.3
2979:77.3
2976:69.9
2973:66.4
2970:66.8
2967:70.1
2964:70.3
2941:99.6
2938:80.5
2935:76.8
2932:76.5
2929:78.5
2926:79.1
2845:98.2
2830:98.1
2811:89.5
2808:84.6
2805:77.2
2802:69.9
2799:62.9
2796:58.6
2793:63.4
2790:60.8
2787:58.1
2784:59.2
2773:96.4
2770:82.8
2767:71.1
2764:60.2
2761:47.4
2758:39.6
2755:41.5
2752:45.7
2749:40.0
2746:46.5
2669:33.4
2666:32.0
2663:29.2
2660:25.6
2657:23.5
2654:24.3
2651:24.4
2648:23.8
2645:21.0
2642:19.1
2631:45.4
2628:43.7
2625:40.2
2622:36.2
2619:30.5
2616:25.8
2613:24.8
2610:25.0
2607:21.8
2604:21.1
2555:2008
2552:2006
2549:2005
2546:2004
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