170:
1420:, the son of Samuel Simon) preferred a more literal reading of the Lutheran Confessions. They saw Martin Luther’s theology not as a radical rejection of traditional patristic and medieval theology, but as an essentially conservative return to first principles. In both theology and worship, they sought to create Lutheranism in which the medieval heritage was more readily apparent than the Enlightenment adaptations. For example, one of Krauth’s major books, “The Conservative Reformation and its Theology,” is an extended defense of the Real Presence.
31:
199:
1509:
at the new seminary, Krauth was at the intellectual center of the reform movement. He wrote its
Fundamental Articles of Faith and Church Polity, as well as the constitutions for its congregations. His liturgical scholarship guided the formation of General Council worship materials. From 1868,
1517:
One of Krauth’s most controversial acts was to prepare a series of theses on pulpit and altar fellowship. Called the “Akron-Galesburg Rule,” these may be summarized as saying “Lutheran pulpits are for
Lutheran ministers only, and Lutheran altars are for Lutheran communicants only.” Although
1405:, have always been identified as the cornerstones of a distinctively Lutheran theological identity. But during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Lutherans in the United States had interpreted the confessions very loosely. A key figure in this movement was
1409:, one of Krauth’s professors at Gettysburg, whose “American Lutheranism” as outlined in the Definite Synodical platform of 1855, proposed that the Augsburg Confession was mistaken on such questions as Baptismal Regeneration and the
1466:
Conflict between the “American
Lutherans” and the leaders of the confessional revival led to a schism. In 1864, Krauth was asked to lead the new seminary in Philadelphia, which was founded by churches of the
1655:
607:
2324:
2111:
1431:, who had attempted a similar repristination of Calvinist theology within the American branch of the German Reformed Church. Nevin and Schaff had called themselves “
1886:
2279:
1906:
1782:
641:
1812:
The
Conservative Reformation and Its Theology: As Represented in the Augsburg Confession and in the Literature of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
1518:
Krauth’s Rule permitted exceptions, it was nonetheless a strong repudiation of the broad ecumenical relationships pursued by the
General Synod.
2309:
2369:
2319:
1737:
1472:
353:
152:
1435:,” a term which has come to be used rarely, if at all, among the Reformed churches, but quite commonly among Lutherans. (Church, 226-229).
1879:
1616:
632:
2329:
1344:
449:
80:
2374:
1641:
1872:
1530:, in order to complete a biography, for which he had made extensive preparations. His death prevented completion of the project.
2354:
2314:
1994:
1938:
722:
1599:
Krauth also wrote poems, translated hymns from the Latin and German, and was a frequent contributor to religious periodicals.
1343:(then called Pennsylvania College) in 1839 (while his father served as that school's president), and two years later from the
2364:
2359:
1295:
924:
2181:
1499:
1483:
of the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The General Council had seven regional bodies which had withdrawn from the
2349:
2196:
2259:
2186:
2344:
1776:
557:
324:
2249:
2019:
1716:
1356:
911:
169:
2221:
1359:, where he was visiting on account of his wife's illness. Krauth later published a sketch of this visit entitled
949:
421:
2081:
1491:
1447:
1375:
794:
659:
649:
587:
552:
389:
91:
592:
505:
2264:
1999:
944:
2274:
2206:
2060:
1058:
819:
547:
219:
2304:
2106:
1226:
1181:
929:
458:
336:
332:
1731:
Three
Nineteenth-Century Churches: the History of a New Catholicism in Wuerttenburg, England and France
2140:
1511:
1480:
1332:
1166:
779:
467:
285:
51:
1552:
Christian
Liberty in Relation to the Usages of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Maintained and Defended
903:
868:
769:
2004:
1816:
1288:
854:
654:
602:
572:
537:
380:
893:
2216:
2165:
2145:
1895:
1771:
1495:
1484:
1468:
1364:
784:
742:
542:
1803:
1442:
took place in the early nineteenth century among Roman
Catholics and Anglicans, as for example in
2241:
2150:
1015:
997:
829:
737:
1775:
1620:
2254:
1406:
1186:
1030:
1025:
682:
582:
1722:
Church, Michael. “A Beautiful and Right Praxis: the
Ecclesiology of the Common Service,” in
1355:. During the winter of 1853-54, for three months he served the Dutch Reformed congregation in
1741:
1424:
1336:
1020:
664:
577:
562:
480:
435:
101:
1078:
2339:
2334:
1949:
1759:
1570:, translator, contributing a historical introduction, notes, and index (Philadelphia, 1868)
1432:
1352:
1281:
1196:
1171:
968:
939:
824:
687:
426:
182:
1443:
1211:
8:
2191:
2101:
1914:
1832:
1506:
1402:
1348:
1261:
1256:
1111:
525:
315:
1834:
The Lutherans in America; a story of struggle, progress, influence and marvelous growth.
1823:
2211:
2050:
1964:
1959:
1934:
1924:
1797:
1767:
1340:
1106:
1101:
1038:
934:
873:
697:
472:
361:
1416:
In contrast, Krauth and his collaborators (who eventually included his own father and
1053:
2155:
1712:
1635:
1573:"Infant Baptism and Infant Salvation in the Calvinistic System," a review of Hodge's
1476:
1454:. European Lutheranism had a similar revival, led by theologians and pastors such as
1417:
839:
567:
488:
440:
370:
344:
1840:
2269:
2096:
2091:
1859:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1191:
1161:
1146:
1131:
1063:
977:
849:
814:
692:
295:
198:
1898:
1068:
987:
2201:
2125:
2014:
1864:
1847:
1811:
1451:
1439:
1395:
1320:
1319:. He is a leading figure in the revival of the Lutheran Confessions connected to
1241:
1236:
1151:
1141:
1083:
1007:
1002:
982:
919:
878:
804:
732:
707:
305:
1423:
Krauth was personally influenced by his reading of the Mercersburg theologians,
1311:(March 17, 1823 – January 2, 1883) was a pastor, theologian and educator in the
2086:
2076:
2024:
2009:
1969:
1587:
Berkeley's Principles, Prolegomena, Notes of Ueberweg, and Original Annotations
1176:
1156:
1116:
1048:
992:
963:
883:
834:
809:
764:
411:
394:
111:
1386:
In 1861, Krauth resigned from parish ministry to serve full-time as editor of
2298:
2055:
1979:
1953:
1736:
1692:
1527:
1455:
1428:
1410:
1266:
1251:
1097:
844:
727:
717:
597:
265:
260:
229:
30:
1757:
Spaeth, Adolph. “Krauth, Charles Porterfield,” article in H.E. Jacobs, ed.,
898:
2231:
2226:
2045:
1368:
1316:
1246:
1121:
1073:
612:
290:
214:
69:
1855:
2029:
1944:
1919:
1231:
1136:
1126:
1043:
973:
888:
789:
404:
224:
190:
126:
1526:
In 1880 he went to Europe to visit the scenes of the life and labors of
958:
954:
799:
774:
1510:
Krauth also served as professor of mental and moral philosophy at the
1560:, editor, contributing an introduction and additions (1860; 2d ed.: (
1312:
1743:
Dedication of the Krauth Memorial Library: Wednesday, June 3, 1908
1347:. From 1841-1852, the younger Rev. Krauth served congregations in
1928:
712:
702:
1852:
New York: The Christian Literature Company. 1898 (Google Books)
1394:’s goals was to restore the confessions of faith found in the
1763:. New York Scribner’s, 1899. A biography by his son-in-law.
275:
250:
1724:
Essays and Reports of the Lutheran Historical Conference
1363:. Upon returning, Krauth was called to congregations in
1798:
Charles Porterfield Krauth: The American Chemnitz (PDF)
1688:
1686:
1684:
1471:
to rival the seminary in Gettysburg (now known as the
1498:. In 1908 its new library there was dedicated as the
1681:
1894:
1733:. New York and London, Garland Publishing: 1987.
1693:Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia 1908
1475:, LTSP). In 1867, Krauth and his schoolmate Rev.
2325:Religious leaders from Martinsburg, West Virginia
2296:
1542:, his most significant work (Philadelphia, 1872)
1326:
1856:In Memoriam: Charles Porterfield Krauth (1883)
1880:
1804:The Conservative Reformation and Its Theology
1754:, revised ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.
1738:Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia
1540:The Conservative Reformation and its Theology
1473:Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia
1361:A Winter and Spring in the Danish West Indies
1289:
354:Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
153:Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia
136:The Conservative Reformation and its Theology
2280:High Church Union of the Augsburg Confession
1828:St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. 1919.
1783:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1766:
1709:Dictionary of American Religious Biography.
1381:
1374:In 1864, he was elected as a member to the
1345:Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg
81:Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg
1887:
1873:
1558:William Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy
1546:Tholuck's Commentary on the Gospel of John
1490:During Krauth's lifetime, the LTSP was at
1296:
1282:
29:
16:American pastor and theologian (1823–1883)
1562:Vocabulary of the Philosophical Sciences
1398:to prominence in Lutheran church life.
2297:
1640:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1461:
2310:American magazine publishers (people)
2112:Synodical Conference of North America
1868:
1711:Westport, CT:Greenwood, Press, 1977.
2370:19th-century American businesspeople
2320:People from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
1841:Charles Porterfield Krauth 1823-1883
1593:Chronicle of the Augsburg Confession
1800:by The Revd. Prof. David Jay Webber
13:
2330:University of Pennsylvania faculty
1357:Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands
325:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
14:
2386:
2375:19th-century Lutheran theologians
1849:Charles Porterfield Krauth Vol. 1
1791:
1533:
1514:, and from 1873 as vice-provost.
1390:, a theological journal. One of
1401:These documents, especially the
371:Distinctive theological concepts
197:
168:
1521:
1446:’s re-founding of the abbey at
1438:Similar revival movements like
2039:Australia and Papua New Guinea
1825:American Lutheranism Volume II
1777:"Krauth, Charles Philip"
1752:The Lutherans in North America
1672:
1648:
1609:
1376:American Philosophical Society
1339:. Young Krauth graduated from
795:John Christian Frederick Heyer
650:International Lutheran Council
92:Harriet Reynolds Krauth Spaeth
1:
2355:American Lutheran theologians
2315:American Lutheran hymnwriters
1809:Krauth, Charles Porterfield.
1806:by Charles Porterfield Krauth
1701:
1327:Education and parish ministry
2365:19th-century Lutheran clergy
2360:Educators from West Virginia
2061:Lutheran Church of Australia
1564:), enlarged, New York, 1877)
1059:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
820:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
7:
1995:Schism of the Old Lutherans
1837:New York: J. A. Hill, 1889.
1418:Beale Melanchthon Schmucker
459:Priesthood of all believers
10:
2391:
2350:Writers from West Virginia
1817:J. B. Lippincott & Co.
1581:Ulrici's Review of Strauss
1512:University of Pennsylvania
1505:As the first professor of
1309:Charles Porterfield Krauth
1202:Charles Porterfield Krauth
1167:Johannes Andreas Quenstedt
780:Johann Heinrich Callenberg
70:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
23:Charles Porterfield Krauth
2345:Gettysburg College alumni
2240:
2174:
2133:
2124:
2069:
2038:
1987:
1978:
1905:
655:Lutheran World Federation
642:Global Confessional &
381:Theology of Martin Luther
167:
162:
158:
140:
132:
122:
118:
107:
97:
87:
76:
58:
37:
28:
21:
2070:United States of America
1970:Friedrich August Tholuck
1786:. New York: D. Appleton.
1602:
1469:Pennsylvania Ministerium
1382:The Confessional Revival
912:Johann Phillip Fabricius
785:Johann Phillip Fabricius
743:Confessional Lutheranism
644:Missional Lutheran Forum
633:Confessional Evangelical
450:Two states of the Church
220:Start of the Reformation
1760:The Lutheran Cyclopedia
1568:The Augsburg Confession
1500:Krauth Memorial Library
1367:from 1855 to 1859, and
1016:Norwegian Bible Society
998:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
904:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
830:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
770:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
1819:, 1875. (Google Books)
1707:Bowden, Henry Warner.
1494:. In 1889 it moved to
1407:Samuel Simon Schmucker
1323:in the United States.
1187:August Hermann Francke
1031:Stanislovas Rapolionis
1026:Samuel Ludwik Zasadius
894:Kristian Osvald Viderø
683:History of Lutheranism
2134:Repristination School
1896:Confessional Lutheran
1843:from The Cyber Hymnal
1750:Nelson, E. Clifford.
1502:in memory of Krauth.
1433:evangelical catholics
1425:John Williamson Nevin
1337:Charles Philip Krauth
1333:Martinsburg, Virginia
1021:Swedish Bible Society
945:Guðbrandur Þorláksson
738:High church Lutherans
665:Lutheranism by region
563:Anointing of the Sick
498:Other relevant topics
481:Theology of the Cross
243:Doctrine and theology
102:Charles Philip Krauth
52:Martinsburg, Virginia
2197:J. C. K. von Hofmann
2182:G. C. A. von Harless
1950:Lars Levi Laestadius
1831:Wolf, Edmund Jacob.
1660:search.amphilsoc.org
1656:"APS Member History"
1353:Winchester, Virginia
1197:Lars Levi Laestadius
1172:Johann Wilhelm Baier
969:Nils Vibe Stockfleth
940:Johannes Avetaranian
825:Lars Olsen Skrefsrud
603:Lutheran hymnwriters
2260:A. F. O. MĂĽnchmeyer
2192:Gottfried Thomasius
1575:Systematic Theology
1548:, translator (1859)
1507:systematic theology
1462:The General Council
1403:Augsburg Confession
1371:from 1859 to 1861.
1351:, Martinsburg, and
1349:Baltimore, Maryland
1262:Wolfhart Pannenberg
1257:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
1112:Johannes Bugenhagen
950:Ludvig Olsen Fossum
635:Lutheran Conference
608:Normative principle
588:Liturgical calendar
316:Augsburg Confession
2305:American Lutherans
2222:F. H. R. von Frank
2212:Theodosius Harnack
2051:Gotthard Fritzsche
1965:N. F. S. Grundtvig
1960:Carl Olof Rosenius
1935:Paavo Ruotsalainen
1925:Hans Nielsen Hauge
1413:in the Eucharist.
1341:Gettysburg College
1107:Philip Melanchthon
1102:Katharina von Bora
1079:Johann Ernst GlĂĽck
1039:Laurentius Andreae
930:George Constantine
874:Casiodoro de Reina
698:Lutheran orthodoxy
593:Calendar of saints
362:Formula of Concord
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2141:E.W. Hengstenberg
2120:
2119:
2020:H. E. F. Guericke
1939:Finnish Awakening
1678:Franklin, passim.
1477:William Passavant
1306:
1305:
1212:Søren Kierkegaard
862:Bible Translators
840:Paul Olaf Bodding
723:Finnish Awakening
513:
512:
489:Sacramental Union
468:Divine Providence
345:Smalcald Articles
176:
175:
2382:
2270:Theodor Kliefoth
2187:J. W. F. Höfling
2131:
2130:
2097:C. F. W. Walther
2092:F. C. D. Wyneken
2025:G. P. E. Huschke
1985:
1984:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1860:Internet Archive
1850:
1846:Spaeth, Adolph.
1835:
1826:
1815:. Philadelphia:
1787:
1779:
1747:
1729:Franklin, R.W.
1726:(1998), vol. 18.
1695:
1690:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1619:. Archived from
1613:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1222:Wilhelm Herrmann
1217:Albrecht Ritschl
1207:C. F. W. Walther
1192:Henry Muhlenberg
1162:Abraham Calovius
1147:Matthias Flacius
1132:Laurentius Petri
1069:Mikołaj Jakubica
1064:Antonio Brucioli
978:Laurentius Petri
855:Jens Christensen
850:Christian Keyser
815:F. C. D. Wyneken
693:Gnesio-Lutherans
688:Crypto-Lutherans
296:Athanasian Creed
247:
246:
201:
178:
177:
172:
65:
47:
45:
33:
19:
18:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2275:Heinrich Hansen
2250:A. F. C. Vilmar
2236:
2207:K. F. A. Kahnis
2202:Franz Delitzsch
2175:Erlangen School
2170:
2116:
2107:F. W. Stellhorn
2082:J. A. A. Grabau
2065:
2034:
2015:Henrik Steffens
1974:
1901:
1893:
1848:
1833:
1824:
1794:
1774:, eds. (1892).
1704:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1617:"Archived copy"
1615:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1536:
1524:
1492:Franklin Square
1481:General Council
1464:
1452:Oxford Movement
1440:Neo-Lutheranism
1396:Book of Concord
1384:
1329:
1321:Neo-Lutheranism
1302:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1242:Rudolf Bultmann
1237:Ernst Troeltsch
1227:F. W. Stellhorn
1152:Martin Chemnitz
1142:Mikael Agricola
1088:
1084:William F. Beck
1054:Jonas Bretkūnas
1012:
1008:Mikael Agricola
1003:Sebastian Krelj
983:Martti Rautanen
920:William Tyndale
908:
879:Kjell Magne Yri
859:
805:Martti Rautanen
756:
748:
747:
708:Radical Pietism
678:
670:
669:
646:
643:
637:
634:
627:
619:
618:
617:
532:
531:
515:
514:
493:
477:
473:Marian theology
463:
454:
445:
431:
417:
399:
385:
365:
358:
349:
337:Large Catechism
329:
320:
306:Book of Concord
300:
286:Apostles' Creed
270:
244:
236:
235:
234:
209:
150:
143:
72:
67:
63:
54:
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2217:C. E. Luthardt
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:F. A. Philippi
2143:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:Wilhelm Sihler
2084:
2079:
2077:Martin Stephan
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Eduard Huschke
2007:
2005:J. G. Scheibel
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1792:External links
1790:
1789:
1788:
1764:
1755:
1748:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1680:
1671:
1647:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1534:Literary works
1532:
1523:
1520:
1463:
1460:
1383:
1380:
1328:
1325:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Philipp Spener
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1157:Johann Gerhard
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Johannes Brenz
1114:
1109:
1104:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1049:Olaf M. Norlie
1046:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
993:Jurij Dalmatin
990:
985:
980:
971:
966:
964:Otto Fabricius
961:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
915:
914:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Onesimos Nesib
881:
876:
871:
865:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:Onesimos Nesib
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
810:Wilhelm Sihler
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
765:John Campanius
761:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
640:
638:
631:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
573:Divine Service
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
534:
533:
530:
529:
522:
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
510:
509:
508:
500:
499:
495:
494:
492:
491:
485:
484:
483:
476:
475:
470:
464:
462:
461:
455:
453:
452:
446:
444:
443:
438:
432:
430:
429:
427:Sanctification
424:
418:
416:
415:
412:Sola scriptura
408:
400:
398:
397:
395:Law and Gospel
392:
386:
384:
383:
377:
374:
373:
367:
366:
364:
359:
357:
356:
350:
348:
347:
341:
340:
339:
333:Luther's Small
328:
327:
321:
319:
318:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
299:
298:
293:
288:
282:
279:
278:
272:
271:
269:
268:
263:
257:
254:
253:
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
233:
232:
227:
222:
217:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
194:
193:
187:
186:
174:
173:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
155:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:Sigmund Spaeth
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
78:
74:
73:
68:
66:(aged 59)
62:2 January 1883
60:
56:
55:
50:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2387:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:J. K. W. Löhe
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2166:L. A. Gotwald
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:C. P. Caspari
2154:
2152:
2151:F. G. Hedberg
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:Johann Flierl
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2030:Free churches
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:Laestadianism
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1858: at the
1857:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1768:Wilson, J. G.
1765:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:0-8371-8906-3
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1675:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1643:
1637:
1623:on 2014-01-04
1622:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1528:Martin Luther
1519:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1485:General Synod
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1459:
1457:
1456:Wilhelm Loehe
1453:
1450:, and in the
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:Philip Schaff
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1411:Real Presence
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1267:Robert Jenson
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Hermann Sasse
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:Martin Luther
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:PrimoĹľ Trubar
986:
984:
981:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:Jozef Roháček
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
913:
910:
909:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Martin Luther
867:
866:
864:
863:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:Johann Flierl
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
760:
752:
751:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
733:Neo-Lutherans
731:
729:
728:Old Lutherans
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
674:
673:
666:
663:
661:
660:Denominations
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
645:
639:
636:
630:
629:
623:
622:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Lutheran hymn
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
527:
524:
523:
519:
518:
507:
506:Homosexuality
504:
503:
502:
501:
497:
496:
490:
487:
486:
482:
479:
478:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
460:
457:
456:
451:
448:
447:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
414:
413:
409:
407:
406:
402:
401:
396:
393:
391:
390:Justification
388:
387:
382:
379:
378:
376:
375:
372:
369:
368:
363:
360:
355:
352:
351:
346:
343:
342:
338:
334:
331:
330:
326:
323:
322:
317:
314:
313:
311:
310:
307:
304:
303:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
281:
280:
277:
274:
273:
267:
266:New Testament
264:
262:
261:Old Testament
259:
258:
256:
255:
252:
249:
248:
240:
239:
231:
230:Protestantism
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
205:
204:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
188:
184:
180:
179:
171:
166:
161:
157:
154:
151:Professor at
149:
145:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
61:
57:
53:
48:17 March 1823
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2232:Werner Elert
2227:Paul Althaus
2161:C. P. Krauth
2160:
2126:Neo-Lutheran
2046:August Kavel
1980:Old Lutheran
1915:J. G. Hamann
1810:
1781:
1758:
1751:
1742:
1730:
1723:
1708:
1674:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1650:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:the original
1611:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1525:
1522:Late travels
1516:
1504:
1489:
1479:founded the
1465:
1437:
1422:
1415:
1400:
1392:The Lutheran
1391:
1388:The Lutheran
1387:
1385:
1373:
1369:Philadelphia
1360:
1335:to minister
1330:
1317:Christianity
1308:
1307:
1247:Paul Tillich
1201:
1182:David Hollaz
1122:Justus Jonas
1100: /
1090:
1089:
1074:Matthias Bel
976: /
957: /
861:
860:
759:Missionaries
758:
626:Organization
613:Lutheran art
553:Confirmation
436:Two kingdoms
410:
403:
335: /
291:Nicene Creed
215:Christianity
148:The Lutheran
147:
142:Offices held
64:(1883-01-02)
2340:1883 deaths
2335:1823 births
2255:F. J. Stahl
2242:High Church
2102:H. A. Preus
1945:Claus Harms
1920:Paul Henkel
1232:Rudolf Otto
1137:Olaus Petri
1127:Hans Tausen
1091:Theologians
1044:Hans Tausen
974:Olaus Petri
925:John Rogers
889:Aster Ganno
790:Paul Henkel
755:Key figures
718:Laestadians
568:Holy Orders
528:and worship
441:catholicity
422:Christology
405:Sola gratia
225:Reformation
191:Lutheranism
127:Lutheranism
2299:Categories
2000:Background
1929:Haugeanism
1822:Bente, F.
1702:References
1665:2021-04-16
1627:2014-01-04
1496:Mount Airy
1365:Pittsburgh
1315:branch of
959:Paul Egede
955:Hans Egede
899:Jákup Dahl
800:Karl Graul
775:Hans Egede
548:Confession
526:Sacraments
208:Background
146:Editor of
114:(grandson)
44:1823-03-17
1907:Awakening
1772:Fiske, J.
1444:Guéranger
677:Movements
558:Matrimony
543:Eucharist
163:Signature
108:Relatives
77:Education
1899:revivals
1740:(1908),
1636:cite web
1448:Solesmes
1331:Born in
1313:Lutheran
713:Haugeans
703:Pietists
183:a series
181:Part of
133:Writings
123:Religion
88:Children
1988:Germany
583:Vespers
538:Baptism
1715:
1595:(1878)
1589:(1874)
1583:(1874)
1577:(1874)
1554:(1860)
578:Matins
276:Creeds
98:Parent
83:(1841)
1603:Notes
251:Bible
1713:ISBN
1642:link
1427:and
59:Died
38:Born
2301::
1780:.
1770:;
1683:^
1658:.
1638:}}
1634:{{
1487:.
1458:.
1378:.
185:on
1956:)
1952:(
1941:)
1937:(
1931:)
1927:(
1888:e
1881:t
1874:v
1746:.
1719:.
1668:.
1644:)
1630:.
1297:e
1290:t
1283:v
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
