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photo were missing. Sandra Mansi said that she had thrown away the negative, and that she could not locate where she snapped the photo. Without the negative or location it was impossible to determine with any degree of certainty what was in the photo. Possessing the negative would allow the image to be magnified to see greater detail, while knowing the location could reveal important clues such as the object's size and distance, and whether the photo was even taken on Lake
Champlain. Reines could not authenticate the photo and the story behind it led to big questions and potential red flags detailed in his book.
217:, entitled "Cape Ann Serpent on Lake Champlain", reports a "Capt. Crum" sighting an enormous serpentine monster. Crum estimated the monster to have been about 187 ft (57 m) long and approximately 200 yd (180 m) away from him. Despite the great distance, he claimed to have witnessed it being followed by "two large Sturgeon and a Bill-fish" and was able to see that it had three teeth and eyes the color of peeled onions. He also described the monster as having "a belt of red" around its neck and a white star on its forehead.
1442:
27:
192:, "which varies in length, the largest being, as the people told me, 8 or 10 ft (2.4 or 3.0 m) long. I saw some 5 ft (1.5 m) long, which were as large as my thigh; the head being as big as my two fists, with a snout 2.5 ft (0.76 m) long, and a double row of very sharp and dangerous teeth. Its body is, in shape, very much like that of a pike; but it is armed with scales so strong and a poniard could not pierce them. Its color is silver-gray.
252:
156:
339:
386:'s Bulwagga Bay in July and August, 2022. The film was in post-production as of May, 2023. Newspapers in the Lake Champlain region reported the film was finishing in 2024, with plans to premiere the film in the Lake Champlain region in September, 2024, then screen in theaters, film festivals, and stream on
294:
Based upon appearance and "mysterious alligatorlike tracks" found near Lake
Champlain, cryptozoologists Katy Elizabeth and Dennis Hall suggested in 2016 that "Champ" could be a member of the family Crocodylidae (crocodiles). Researcher Scott Mardis explains that the tracks were likely the tracks of a
290:
program. The group described the sounds as being similar to those produced by Beluga whales or dolphins—neither of which are known to live in Lake
Champlain. An article describing the recordings has been published to scientific literature, explaining that the sounds were likely a form of echolocation
268:
by Robert E. Bartholomew, it is further revealed that the original photo was sent to Philip Reines, a nautical expert at the State
University of New York at Plattsburgh, so that he could examine and hopefully authenticate it. Reines quickly realized that the two most vital elements in verifying the
277:
Champ reportedly can be seen in a video taken by fishermen Dick
Affolter and his stepson Pete Bodette in the summer of 2005. Close examination of the images may be interpreted either as a head and neck of a plesiosaur-like animal and even an open mouth in one frame and a closed mouth in another; or
220:
In 1883, Sheriff Nathan H. Mooney claimed that he had seen a water serpent about "20 rods" (the equivalent of 110 yd (100 m) in length) from where he was on the shore. He claimed that he was so close that he could see "round white spots inside its mouth" and that "the creature appeared to
314:
image is visible in the bottom right portion of the screen, swimming behind a boat containing the two lead actors in the film. The boat was 142 inches from the tip of the bow to the stern and 50.5 inches at the widest point and the alleged plesiosaur appears bigger than the boat.
326:," and he shared the entire five minutes of footage with a conclave of scientists with earned doctorates in science for further study to prepare a scholarly article for academic peer review. A five-second clip from the longer five minute footage was shared publicly on
259:
In 1977, Sandra Mansi took a photograph while on vacation with her family that appears to show the dinosaur with his head out of the lake. The entire bay of the lake where the photograph reportedly was taken is no deeper than 14 feet (4.3 m). According to
184:. The magazine quoted Champlain as having documented a "20 ft (6.1 m) serpent thick as a barrel, and a head like a horse." There is no evidence that Champlain ever said this,, although he did document large fish:
1327:
362:
team's mascot. This mascot version of Champ appears as a special guest at various charitable and other functions throughout
Vermont. Several nearby establishments, including a car wash, use images of Champ as a logo.
282:
forensic image analysts, who reviewed the tape, said it appears authentic and unmanipulated, one of them added that "there's no place in there that I can actually see an animal or any other object on the surface".
310:, the filmmakers reviewed their drone footage from production on August 2, 2024, and noticed what appears to be a large creature swimming just below the surface of the water, in Bulwagga Bay. The alleged
264:, it is unlikely that a giant creature could swim, let alone hide, in such shallow water. It has been suggested that the object in the photograph could possibly be a rising tree trunk or log. In the book
178:, the founder of Québec and the lake's namesake, is often claimed to be the first European to have sighted Champ, in 1609. The earliest source for this claim is the summer 1970 issue of the magazine
378:, was in the works about a young orphan girl and her grandfather looking for Champ. The film is based on a bestselling children's novel with the same title. The production filmed in
286:
One piece of evidence, though not a "sighting" per se, is the recording of sounds from within the lake by the Fauna
Communications Research Institute in 2003, working as part of a
1100:
1373:
454:
221:
be about 25 to 30 ft (7.6 to 9.1 m) in length". Mooney's sighting led to many more alleged eyewitnesses coming forward with their own accounts of Champ.
354:, Champ became more prominent after the team was renamed from the Vermont Expos following the 2005 season. Champ has been the primary attraction of the former
1235:
350:, New York, has erected a giant model of Champ and holds "Champ Day" on the first Saturday of every August. As the mascot of Vermont's baseball team, the
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302:
Still shot from 5 minute drone footage of Champ swimming behind boat containing two lead actors in the "Lucy & the Lake
Monster" film
231:
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large snapping turtle and also mentions the longnose gar or the lake sturgeon as more probable candidates for "Champ."
1213:
987:
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There is also a great abundance of fish, of many varieties: among others, one called by the savages of the country
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2003:
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One of the co-writers, Kelly Tabor, believes it to be Champ. The second co-writer and director of the film,
113:
861:
Vonmuggenthaler, Elizabeth; Gregory, Joseph; Mardis, Scott H. (2010). "Echolocation in a fresh water lake".
366:
2258:
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1602:
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1416:
1304:
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P.T. Barnum believes that a huge sea serpent exists, and has renewed his offer of $ 20,000 for the reptile.
663:
I hereby offer $ 50,000 for the hide of the great
Champlain Serpent to add to my Mammoth World's Fair Show.
298:
534:
1706:
1508:
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2299:
1881:
1844:
1677:
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228:, and in 1873 and 1887, the famous showman offered rewards for anyone who could bring him the monster.
171:
The original story is related to
Iroquois legends of giant snakes, which the Mohawk named Onyare'kowa.
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1518:
940:"Champ movie to hold world premiere: Potential footage of plesiosaur surfaced in post-production"
541:. Vol. 9, no. 17. Plattsburgh, New York. p. 2 – via NYS Historic Newspapers.
1698:
896:
Mardis, Scott (Fall 2016). Radford, Benjamin (ed.). "A Champlain 'Croc' of Mythic Proportions".
2238:
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8:
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The Champ legend has become a revenue-generating attraction. For example, the village of
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917:"SC filmmaker surprised by lake footage where a sea monster is alleged to live"
684:
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383:
129:
96:
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2218:
1967:
1957:
1937:
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319:
82:
26:
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Cameramen film on Lake Champlain for the film "Lucy & the Lake Monster."
144:, Canada. The legend of the monster is considered a draw for tourism in the
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2116:
1998:
1917:
961:
225:
206:
180:
125:
42:
850:"Lake's First 'Champ-Hearing' Recorded". Burlington Free Press. July 2003.
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1993:
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1932:
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2161:
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2101:
2091:
2071:
2051:
2031:
1123:"Indiegogo campaign starts for Champ movie 'Lucy and the Lake Monster'"
657:. Vol. 30, no. 35. Monpelier, Vermont. p. 3 – via
311:
291:
despite none of "the known native creatures" being able to echolocate.
882:
168:
Over the years, there have been over 300 reported sightings of Champ.
2111:
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2013:
1942:
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1836:
750:
2388:
2086:
2008:
1947:
251:
2287:
2273:
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387:
327:
137:
60:
683:. Vol. 45. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 4 – via
2283:
2151:
399:
155:
141:
86:
1282:"Highlights from Lucy & the Lake Monster's world premiere"
1078:"Champ to get top billing in 'Lucy and the Lake Monster' film"
338:
333:
132:, a 125-mile (201 km)-long body of fresh water shared by
2106:
2096:
1810:
1805:
1305:"SC teacher's book becoming a movie that will be on Netflix"
1125:. No. Front Page. Sun Community News. February 25, 2022
860:
1214:"'Champ' movie starts filming in Port Henry's Bulwagga Bay"
558:. Lake Placid/Essex County Visitor's Bureau. Archived from
522:. Boston, Massachusetts: Prince Society. pp. 215–217.
486:. Centre culturel Marie-Anne-Gaboury. 2001. Archived from
358:
team since their inception, and continues to serve as the
279:
201:
1374:""Lucy and the Lake Monster" headed for world premiere"
374:
In 2022, it was reported that a feature dramatic film,
1191:"Lucy and the Lake Monster cast, crew visit Champ Day"
988:"Former South Carolina teacher's book to become movie"
704:(April 2004). "Lake Champlain Monster". Fortean Times.
1146:"Search for Champ with 'Lucy & the Lake Monster'"
764:. The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Archived from
16:
Alleged lake monster in Lake Champlain, United States
843:
196:
The 1878 translation of his journals clarifies that
1169:""Lucy and the Lake Monster" films in Port Henry"
2421:
863:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
1011:"Meet the Authors of Lucy and the Lake Monster"
1353:. Denton Publications, Inc. Sun Community News
1284:. Denton Publications, Inc. Sun Community News
472:
1852:
1424:
1101:"Lead sought for "Lucy and the Lake Monster""
694:
224:The legend of Champ captured the interest of
1348:
1325:
1280:Bartlett Yaw, Shaundra (September 9, 2024).
1279:
937:
674:
581:
579:
508:
502:
25:
1211:
1056:"Champ to star in new book and film series"
334:Cultural importance to New York and Vermont
1859:
1845:
1431:
1417:
789:"Is Lake Champlain Home to a Sea Serpent?"
306:During post-production of the Champ movie
1371:
1349:Bartlett Yaw, Shaundra (12 August 2024).
1330:. Denton Publications. Sun Community News
1256:
1166:
1098:
938:Bartlett Yaw, Shaundra (12 August 2024).
576:
1326:Bartlett-Yaw, Shaundra (July 22, 2024).
1259:"Retired teacher's book becomes a movie"
811:
786:
648:
532:
518:. Vol. 2: 1604-1610. Translated by
365:
337:
297:
250:
230:
163:
154:
1781:Champlain Valley National Heritage Area
1143:
1103:. No. Front Page. Press Republican
819:"Is There a Monster in Lake Champlain?"
756:
700:
649:Wheelock, J. W., ed. (27 August 1873).
615:
452:
278:as a fish or eel. Although two retired
2422:
1302:
914:
895:
762:"Legend of the Lake Champlain Monster"
723:"Legend of the Lake Champlain Monster"
713:
711:
591:"Legend of the Lake Champlain Monster"
455:"Gordie Little writes children's book"
1866:
1840:
1786:ECHO, Leahy Center for Lake Champlain
1625:Lake Champlain Transportation Company
1412:
1099:McKinstry, Lohr (November 14, 2021).
1008:
985:
625:Champ Quest 1999: The Ultimate Search
545:
1689:University of Vermont Medical Center
1351:"Champ movie to hold world premiere"
1257:Burnquist, Margaret (May 26, 2023).
1193:. Sun Community News. August 5, 2022
1080:. Adirondack Almanack. March 7, 2022
1033:"Local children's book turned movie"
889:
621:
535:"Cape Ann Serpent on Lake Champlain"
1144:Hartwig, Melissa (April 15, 2022).
780:
717:
708:
585:
526:
246:
13:
1372:McKinstry, Lohr (13 August 2024).
628:. Essence of Vermont. p. 55.
360:Futures Collegiate Baseball League
14:
2466:
1404:Champ, the Lake Champlain Monster
1402:Lake Champlain Region page about
1396:
1328:"Champ Day returns for 39th year"
1238:. Press Republican. July 25, 2022
1167:McKinstry, Lohr (July 14, 2022).
1054:O'Brien, Kelly (April 16, 2022).
1035:. Fox Carolina News. May 22, 2023
446:
272:
2183:Ghosts of the American Civil War
1565:Burlington International Airport
1440:
1212:O'Brien, Kelly (July 19, 2022).
787:Phillips, Adam (21 March 2006).
533:Mackerel, Horse (24 July 1819).
382:and in various locations around
235:Sandra Mansi with investigators
140:, with a portion extending into
1365:
1342:
1319:
1296:
1273:
1250:
1228:
1205:
1183:
1160:
1137:
1115:
1092:
1070:
1047:
1025:
1002:
986:Limon, Janice (June 11, 2023).
979:
954:
931:
908:
854:
596:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
480:"Canada's Lake Creature: Champ"
159:Map of Lake Champlain watershed
1771:Burlington Memorial Auditorium
1392:New Information On Mansi Photo
1053:
919:. McClatchy Company. The State
915:Riddle, Lyn (14 August 2024).
675:Staff writer (5 August 1887).
668:
642:
622:Hall, Dennis Jay (June 1999).
515:Voyages of Samuel de Champlain
453:Caudell, Robin (Nov 5, 2011).
322:, referred to himself as the "
74:Lake Champlain Monster, Champy
33:Champ in the Mansi photograph.
1:
1303:Riddle, Lyn (June 23, 2023).
1009:Jones, Tammy (May 26, 2023).
440:
2430:American legendary creatures
2259:Mercy Brown vampire incident
1593:Creston Electric Instruments
342:Vermont Lake Monsters mascot
7:
1707:Green Mountain Roller Derby
1013:. WSPA "Your Carolina". CBS
904:(3). Center for Inquiry: 4.
393:
10:
2471:
1663:Burlington School District
962:"Champ Touchless Car Wash"
655:The Green Mountain Freeman
484:Welcome to Ogopogo Country
2329:Alfred Bulltop Stormalong
2321:
2298:
2244:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
2211:
2170:
2022:
1986:
1900:
1874:
1753:
1697:
1643:
1603:Gardener's Supply Company
1581:Church Street Marketplace
1550:
1491:
1453:
376:Lucy and the Lake Monster
308:Lucy and the Lake Monster
266:The Untold Story of Champ
102:
92:
78:
70:
52:
38:
24:
1376:. CNHI. Press Republican
990:. WYFF. NBC Evening News
966:Champ Touchless Car Wash
2249:Lost Ship of the Desert
1826:Vermont Mozart Festival
1635:Seventh Generation Inc.
2239:Goatman (urban legend)
1816:Religion in Burlington
1658:Burlington High School
1586:Burlington Town Center
1575:Green Mountain Transit
1307:. McClathcy. The State
1261:. Access Carolina. FOX
553:"The Search for Champ"
539:Plattsburgh Republican
371:
343:
303:
256:
243:
215:Plattsburgh Republican
213:An 1819 report in the
194:
160:
30:
1731:Vermont Lake Monsters
1726:Vermont City Marathon
1684:University of Vermont
677:"After a Sea Serpent"
520:Otis, Charles Pomeroy
369:
356:Minor League Baseball
352:Vermont Lake Monsters
341:
301:
255:Full Mansi Photograph
254:
234:
186:
164:History of the legend
158:
150:Plattsburgh, New York
29:
2322:Literary folk heroes
2269:Seven Cities of Gold
1718:Gutterson Fieldhouse
942:. Sun Community News
721:(July–August 2003).
510:de Champlain, Samuel
425:Selma (lake monster)
405:Lake Tianchi Monster
380:Port Henry, New York
210:(the longnose gar).
174:French cartographer
1745:Vermont Lumberjacks
1608:Interstate highways
875:2010ASAJ..127.1862V
390:and other outlets.
176:Samuel de Champlain
146:Burlington, Vermont
21:
1973:Theodore Roosevelt
1712:Vermont Catamounts
1653:Burlington College
1447:City of Burlington
1236:"Cheers and Jeers"
831:. 22 February 2008
768:on 7 February 2010
728:Skeptical Inquirer
603:on 7 February 2010
372:
344:
304:
257:
244:
207:Lepisosteus osseus
161:
31:
19:
2417:
2416:
2234:Fountain of Youth
2067:Fur-bearing trout
2024:Fearsome critters
1987:Idiomatic figures
1868:American folklore
1834:
1833:
1796:Island Line Trail
1673:Rock Point School
1668:Champlain College
1570:Burton Snowboards
1468:Metropolitan area
883:10.1121/1.3384449
702:Radford, Benjamin
635:978-1-928837-00-8
415:Loch Ness Monster
288:Discovery Channel
202:gar (or gar pike)
124:is the name of a
114:American folklore
110:
109:
57:Loch Ness Monster
2462:
2450:Aquatic cryptids
2445:Vermont folklore
2359:Febold Feboldson
2344:Casey at the Bat
2339:Brother Jonathan
2229:Confederate gold
1908:Johnny Appleseed
1861:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1801:Little Jerusalem
1737:Centennial Field
1598:Dan's Chocolates
1483:Champlain Valley
1445:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1346:
1340:
1339:
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1335:
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1023:
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958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
912:
906:
905:
898:Skeptical Briefs
893:
887:
886:
858:
852:
851:
847:
841:
840:
838:
836:
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
799:on 31 March 2012
795:. Archived from
793:Voice of America
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
754:
748:
747:
745:
744:
735:. Archived from
715:
706:
705:
698:
692:
691:
672:
666:
665:
646:
640:
639:
619:
613:
612:
610:
608:
599:. Archived from
583:
574:
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571:
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564:
557:
549:
543:
542:
530:
524:
523:
506:
500:
499:
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476:
470:
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459:Press-Republican
450:
247:Mansi photograph
241:Benjamin Radford
128:said to live in
53:Similar entities
22:
18:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2409:Windwagon Smith
2334:Annie Christmas
2317:
2308:Flying Africans
2294:
2207:
2188:Lincoln's ghost
2166:
2127:Sidehill gouger
2042:Ball-tailed cat
2037:Axehandle hound
2018:
1982:
1978:Ola Värmlänning
1896:
1870:
1865:
1835:
1830:
1749:
1693:
1678:Trinity College
1639:
1546:
1487:
1462:Miro Weinberger
1449:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1370:
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2117:Jersey Devil
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1999:Cooter Brown
1923:Br'er Rabbit
1918:Daniel Boone
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1761:Battery Park
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1378:. Retrieved
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1355:. Retrieved
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1288:11 September
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1171:. Yahoo News
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766:the original
758:Nickell, Joe
752:
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737:the original
726:
719:Joe, Nickell
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601:the original
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587:Joe, Nickell
567:. Retrieved
560:the original
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488:the original
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181:Vermont Life
179:
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167:
126:lake monster
121:
117:
111:
43:Lake Monster
39:Sub grouping
2404:Tony Beaver
2379:Kemp Morgan
2369:Joe Magarac
2313:Uncle Remus
2147:Splintercat
2122:Joint snake
2082:Goofus bird
1994:Average Joe
1963:Casey Jones
1933:Paul Bunyan
1928:Jim Bridger
1913:Elfego Baca
1901:Folk heroes
1630:Rhino Foods
1216:. CBS. WCAX
869:(3): 1862.
435:Altamaha-ha
262:Joe Nickell
237:Joe Nickell
65:Altamaha-ha
47:Sea Serpent
2424:Categories
2394:Pecos Bill
2374:Johnny Kaw
2354:Evangeline
2203:White Lady
2193:La Llorona
2178:Bell Witch
2162:Wampus cat
2157:Teakettler
2142:Snow snake
2102:Hoop snake
2092:Hidebehind
2072:Gillygaloo
2052:Cactus cat
2032:Agropelter
1953:John Henry
1887:California
1560:Bruegger's
1522:(timeline)
1514:Government
971:17 January
835:25 October
803:25 October
772:31 October
743:2010-04-03
607:17 January
569:2010-04-03
494:25 October
441:References
348:Port Henry
312:plesiosaur
200:refers to
190:Chaoufarou
2198:Red Ghost
2112:Jackalope
2077:Glawackus
2014:Uncle Sam
1943:Mike Fink
1680:(defunct)
1645:Education
1499:Buildings
1380:13 August
1357:12 August
946:12 August
923:14 August
198:Chaoufaou
2455:Cryptids
2389:Ole Pete
2288:Vaqueros
2279:Westerns
2254:Madstone
2087:Gumberoo
2009:Sam Hide
1948:Geronimo
1892:Salishan
1242:8 August
1220:8 August
1197:8 August
1175:8 August
1152:23 April
1129:24 March
1107:24 March
1084:24 March
1062:23 April
829:ABC News
512:(1878).
394:See also
134:New York
2300:African
2284:Cowboys
2274:Tailypo
2264:Mothman
2212:Legends
1754:Culture
1552:Economy
1519:History
1504:Climate
1492:General
1334:24 July
1311:23 June
994:11 June
871:Bibcode
430:Memphre
410:Ogopogo
388:Netflix
328:YouTube
152:areas.
138:Vermont
103:Habitat
79:Country
61:Ogopogo
2171:Ghosts
2152:Squonk
1882:Alaska
1875:Native
1699:Sports
1527:Mayors
1473:County
1265:27 May
1039:22 May
1017:26 May
632:
464:Dec 9,
400:Mussie
142:Quebec
122:Champy
93:Region
87:Canada
2137:Snipe
2107:Hugag
2097:Hodag
2057:Champ
1811:Phish
1806:Maypo
1776:Champ
1618:I-189
1577:(GMT)
1532:Media
1458:Mayor
563:(PDF)
556:(PDF)
118:Champ
106:Water
20:Champ
1613:I-89
1509:Flag
1382:2024
1359:2024
1336:2024
1313:2023
1290:2024
1267:2023
1244:2022
1222:2022
1199:2022
1177:2022
1154:2022
1131:2022
1109:2022
1086:2022
1064:2022
1041:2023
1019:2023
996:2023
973:2016
948:2024
925:2024
837:2009
805:2009
774:2010
630:ISBN
609:2016
496:2009
466:2014
239:and
148:and
136:and
879:doi
867:127
824:GMA
733:CSI
280:FBI
120:or
112:In
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