381:
354:
240:
138:
485:
131:
405:
49:
757:
461:
Chaitén, completely destroying a significant part of it by July 2008. Some defensive work has been undertaken by the government. There were plans to move town some 10 kilometres (6 mi) north but these have not been concluded as yet. The town of
Chaiten is slowly recovering. Its current population is about 900 people.
427:
Through the remainder of May and June 2008 the eruption continued as a variable but gradually decreasing emission of ash, with intermittent seismic activity and pyroclastic flows. On May 21, a new lava dome was observed to be forming in the crater, which by May 24 exceeded the height of the old dome.
452:
Forests near the volcano have been burned by pyroclastic flows and lateral explosions. Large parts of southern
Argentina and Chile have been coated with ash, with possible longer term consequences for agriculture, although not only negative as ash adds new minerals to the soil. Large amounts of ash
431:
As of July 3, 2008, Chaitén continued to erupt, with associated seismic activity, an eruptive column of ash up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), and a growing lava dome. Whether the dome will be stable remains uncertain, and there is an ongoing risk of collapse and explosive pyroclastic eruption. In
460:
Beginning on May 12, lahars caused flooding in the town of Chaitén, depositing ash mud to a depth of up to a metre or more, damaging many buildings, and completely filling the original course of the Chaitén River past the town. Over the subsequent weeks, the river excavated a new course through
349:
located 75 kilometres (47 mi) southeast to a depth of 30 centimetres (12 in). Ash thickness estimates are often exaggerated during volcanic crises; later field investigations suggest that the average ash thickness deposited across
Futaleufú was less than 5–10 cm (2–4 in).
432:
August 2008, an expedition reached the summit of
Chaiten volcano. The summit crater contained a 120 metres (390 ft) high lava dome. Earthquakes were felt at the summit. The lava dome was loudly degassing, and avalanches of lava boulders fell from the dome side to the crater floor.
388:
The initial phase of the actual eruption in 2008 was characterised by ash emissions and seismic activity; local seismic measurements in 2005 registered earthquakes up to magnitude 3.6 MW below the Chaitén volcano. On May 6, 2008, the force of eruption increased significantly, producing
428:
Initially, the dome extended towards the north side of the caldera, but following the emergence of two new vents in the south of the old dome around June 11 and a later one to the west, the expansion moved to the south, eventually blocking the drainage from the caldera floor.
805:
Lange, D.; Cembrano, J.; Rietbrock, A.; Haberland, C.; Dahm, T.; Bataille, K. (April 2008). "First seismic record for intra-arc strike-slip tectonics along the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone at the obliquely convergent plate margin of the southern Andes".
435:
On
February 19, 2009, a partial dome collapse caused pyroclastic flows to descend through the Chaitén river valley reaching down to approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the town of Chaitén. The ash once again reached Futaleufú and parts of
412:
In the early phase of the eruption (May 2, 2008), two separate vents had developed in the old lava dome. An overflight on May 6, 2008, found that these had fused into one vent roughly 800 metres (2,600 ft) across.
1290:
1246:
1216:
1186:
1153:
1131:
1101:
1071:
941:
1432:
SFL Watt et al., 2009, Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over
Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaiten, Chile, Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth) 114, B04207
285:
from the volcano suggested that its last previous eruption was in 7420 BC ± 75 years. However, recent studies have found that the volcano is more active than thought. According to the
325:
The Chaitén volcano entered a new eruptive phase for the first time since around 1640 on the morning of May 3, 2008. The
Chilean government began an evacuation of the nearby town of
420:
On May 8, 2008, the government said it would force the last residents from the danger area, but this was later legally challenged by some residents and left to no effect by the
401:
to a height of perhaps 30,000 metres (98,000 ft). The remaining personnel and almost all inhabitants of Chaitén and nearby villages were evacuated, as was
Futaleufú.
302:
that reached a height of 962 metres (3,156 ft), partly devoid of vegetation. Two small lakes occupied the caldera floor on the west and north sides of the lava dome.
1268:
1320:
883:
853:
723:
627:
1298:
1254:
1224:
1194:
1161:
1139:
1109:
1079:
949:
329:(population 4,200) and the surrounding area the same day, the main phase of which was completed by May 3, 2008. One elderly person died while at sea en route to
1406:
87:
444:. The approximately 160 people that were in Chaitén were strongly urged to leave, and all but 25 people who refused to leave were evacuated that day.
313:
cultures as a raw material for artifacts and has been found as far away as 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the south and north, for example in
993:
689:
1294:
1250:
1220:
1190:
1157:
1135:
1105:
1075:
945:
1461:
1484:
1516:
377:
A team of scientists from the US was dispatched to the area to assess the air quality and the risks from chemicals in the falling ash.
1422:
A Folch et al., 2008, Volcanic ash forecast – application to the May 2008 Chaitén eruption, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 927–940
1371:
1426:
1469:
1019:
2200:
469:
This eruption is known as the first major explosive eruption of rhyolite magma in nearly a century, since the 1912 eruption of
663:
2210:
1276:
292:
The caldera rim reaches 1,122 metres (3,681 ft) above sea level. Before the current eruption, it was mostly filled by a
1391:
1328:
891:
861:
731:
635:
1045:
1488:
1453:
971:
17:
758:"Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaiten, Chile"
610:
380:
1437:
M Reich et al., 2009, Formation of cristobalite nanofibers during explosive volcanic eruptions, Geology 37, 435–438
628:"MINISTRO DEL INTERIOR EN CHAITÉN: "ES UN ÉXITO SIN PRECEDENTES HABER EVACUADO EN 24 HORAS A CUATRO MIL PERSONAS""
481:
in the past, these are relatively scarce and there is no historic rhyolitic eruption of the magnitude of Chaitén.
2195:
1509:
1421:
1363:
2220:
2205:
80:
130:
2180:
1427:
LE Lara, 2009, The 2008 eruption of the Chaitén volcano: a preliminary report, Andean
Geology 36, 125–129
228:
1383:
2215:
2190:
1972:
1541:
552:"Holocene tephrochronology of the southernmost part (42°30'-45°S) of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone"
492:
filled the river bed—the river flooded and buried large parts of the town with volcanic material.
2185:
1859:
1502:
808:
524:
286:
2042:
997:
701:
261:
3 kilometres (2 mi) in diameter, 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of the elongated ice-capped
529:
2062:
424:. Government personnel later returned to attend to livestock and rescue dogs and other animals.
353:
1724:
478:
421:
221:
204:
239:
1714:
1674:
1396:
2037:
1982:
2047:
2017:
1914:
1789:
1651:
1525:
817:
769:
1977:
1899:
1049:
417:
warned of possible major pyroclastic incidents, and the likelihood of prolonged activity.
8:
2002:
1606:
1368:
884:"Informe N°251 06/05/08 Se evacua de manera preventiva totalidad de personas en Chaitén"
821:
773:
346:
55:
The caldera is the circular feature visible in the lower part of the image. The town of
2135:
1967:
1694:
787:
606:
278:
2125:
2082:
2057:
1919:
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1561:
1546:
1358:
586:
578:
270:
791:
573:
551:
2140:
2130:
2052:
2032:
1987:
1864:
1829:
1591:
1566:
854:"Informe N°252 06/05/08 - Se activan todos los operativos de evacuación en Chaitén"
833:
825:
777:
667:
568:
390:
174:
1448:
913:
31:
1957:
1929:
1794:
1616:
1556:
1375:
697:
437:
398:
362:
170:
2022:
829:
484:
1849:
1774:
1023:
614:
559:
519:
366:
342:
185:
477:. Although there have been rhyolitic eruptions in the southern section of the
2174:
2092:
2072:
1704:
972:"Alcalde acusó "irresponsabilidad" de la Suprema por visar regreso a Chaitén"
756:
Watt, S.F.L.; Pyle, D.M.; Mather, T.A.; Martin, R.S.; Matthews, N.E. (2009).
582:
310:
277:. The most recent eruptive phase of the volcano erupted on 2008. Originally,
262:
216:
102:
89:
2097:
1576:
590:
2145:
2107:
1884:
1824:
1749:
804:
334:
330:
1431:
1321:"Informe N° 270 12/05/08 Actividad Volcán Chaitén (Actualiza Información)"
404:
2102:
1952:
1819:
1814:
1804:
1744:
1551:
782:
838:
2012:
1844:
1839:
1799:
1769:
1679:
1646:
1641:
1601:
1436:
724:"Informe Nª- 248 04/05/08- Actividad Volcánica (Actualiza Información)"
48:
1401:
1072:"Actividad Eruptiva del Volcán Chaitén ha Decaído al Tipo Subpliniano"
755:
326:
266:
166:
59:
is to the top. (This image is aligned roughly southwest, around 220°.)
56:
1962:
1947:
1924:
1889:
1869:
1854:
1709:
1689:
1462:
Region de los Lagos regional government photographs of the emergency.
470:
441:
358:
338:
314:
299:
247:
244:
1571:
2150:
2087:
1997:
1834:
1764:
1759:
1729:
1699:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1611:
1494:
918:
345:, contaminating water supplies, and reportedly coating the town of
306:
296:
293:
2027:
1904:
1992:
1909:
1894:
1879:
1784:
1754:
1586:
1581:
258:
209:
384:
The Chaitén
Volcano seen from a commercial flight, October 2008.
2067:
2007:
1874:
1809:
1779:
1739:
1719:
1684:
1656:
489:
474:
454:
282:
265:
volcano and 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of the town of
70:
1734:
1621:
1324:
1272:
887:
857:
727:
631:
414:
370:
274:
192:
178:
2162:
Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south
1364:
Chaiten Volcano Still Active – The Big Picture – Boston.com
394:
27:
Active volcano in Palena Province, Los Lagos Region, Chile
1392:
TerraDaily: Chilean volcano turns Chaiten into ghost town
1247:"19.02.2009 Erupción del Volcán Chaitén Informe Especial"
1154:"Informa Acerca de Actividad Eruptiva del Volcán Chaitén"
1102:"Informa Acerca de Actividad Eruptiva del volcán Chaitén"
1132:"Volcán Chaitén Presentó Aumento de Actividad Eruptiva"
549:
1449:
BBC, November 1, 2008, Alert at smoking Chile volcano
1046:"Carabineros continúa rescate de mascotas en Chaitén"
1020:"Chile Evacuates as Volcano Ash Reaches Buenos Aires"
996:(Press release). Reuters. May 8, 2008. Archived from
690:"One dead as Chilean volcano spews ash for third day"
53:
2003 photograph from the International Space Station.
408:
Image of the ash cloud taken on March 6, 2009. EO-1.
550:Naranjo, José A; Stern, Charles R (December 2004).
250:of Chaitén Volcano during its 2008-2010 eruption.
2172:
994:"Chile gives volcano holdouts ultimatum to flee"
1407:The story of how Chaitén volcano was discovered
1269:"19/02/09 Chaitén: Informe consolidado del día"
309:which had erupted from the volcano was used by
337:from the eruption had spread across Chile and
1510:
1181:
1179:
1012:
611:Geoarqueología del sitio arcaico Chan-Chan 18
986:
664:"Evacuations continue in Chile volcano zone"
453:have fallen in some areas, posing a risk of
1359:BBC News: In pictures: Chile volcano erupts
942:"Informa Sobre Erupción del Volcán Chaitén"
682:
657:
655:
653:
333:. By the afternoon of May 3, the plume of
1517:
1503:
1176:
751:
749:
661:
1416:Scientific Papers on the Chaitén eruption
837:
781:
572:
488:Areal view of Chaitén after the volcanic
798:
650:
483:
403:
379:
352:
238:
746:
165:10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of
14:
2173:
1498:
1454:Images and videos of current eruption
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
1524:
1489:Southern Andean Volcano Observatory
1291:"Informa acerca del Volcán Chaitén"
1275:. February 19, 2009. Archived from
1253:. February 19, 2009. Archived from
1217:"Informa acerca del Volcán Chaitén"
906:
597:
361:from 2008 eruption stretching into
24:
914:"Chile eruption spurs evacuations"
503:
25:
2232:
1347:
1187:"informa sobre el volcán Chaitén"
666:. Patagonia Times. Archived from
289:, its last eruption was in 2011.
1369:Dagbladet: Vulkanen blir sintere
662:Malinowski, Matt (May 5, 2008).
320:
136:
129:
47:
1313:
1283:
1261:
1239:
1223:. June 27, 2008. Archived from
1209:
1160:. June 22, 2008. Archived from
1146:
1138:. June 13, 2008. Archived from
1124:
1094:
1064:
1038:
974:. Cooperativa.cl. July 11, 2008
964:
934:
876:
846:
762:Journal of Geophysical Research
574:10.4067/S0716-02082004000200003
137:
1327:. May 12, 2008. Archived from
1323:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1297:. June 5, 2008. Archived from
1293:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1271:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1249:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1219:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1193:. July 3, 2008. Archived from
1189:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1156:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1134:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1108:. May 22, 2008. Archived from
1104:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1078:. May 26, 2008. Archived from
1074:(Press release) (in Spanish).
944:(Press release) (in Spanish).
886:(Press release) (in Spanish).
856:(Press release) (in Spanish).
726:(Press release) (in Spanish).
716:
630:(Press release) (in Spanish).
620:
543:
13:
1:
2201:Volcanoes of Los Lagos Region
948:. May 6, 2008. Archived from
890:. May 6, 2008. Archived from
860:. May 6, 2008. Archived from
730:. May 4, 2008. Archived from
700:. May 4, 2008. Archived from
634:. May 3, 2008. Archived from
496:
2211:21st-century volcanic events
1402:Chaiten Volcano – John Seach
1397:The Volcanism Blog – Chaitén
397:explosions, and raising the
75:1,122 m (3,681 ft)
7:
830:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.014
10:
2237:
615:Revista Geológica de Chile
560:Revista Geológica de Chile
29:
2159:
2116:
1938:
1665:
1532:
464:
457:for several communities.
447:
227:
215:
203:
198:
184:
161:
123:
118:
79:
69:
64:
46:
41:
525:Global Volcanism Program
440:province in neighboring
287:Global Volcanism Program
30:Not to be confused with
530:Smithsonian Institution
1939:Southern Volcanic Zone
1725:Andagua volcanic field
1533:Northern Volcanic Zone
1485:Chaitén caldera webcam
1374:March 3, 2016, at the
493:
479:Southern Volcanic Zone
409:
385:
374:
251:
2196:Volcanic crater lakes
2117:Austral Volcanic Zone
2043:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
1715:Huambo volcanic field
1666:Central Volcanic Zone
1257:on February 25, 2009.
487:
407:
383:
356:
305:The translucent grey
242:
103:42.83722°S 72.64806°W
1652:Licto volcanic field
1227:on December 26, 2008
1197:on December 26, 2008
1164:on December 26, 2008
1112:on December 26, 2008
952:on December 26, 2008
894:on December 26, 2008
864:on December 26, 2008
783:10.1029/2008JB006219
609:and Navarro, Rayen.
108:-42.83722; -72.64806
2221:Lava domes of Chile
2206:South Volcanic Zone
822:2008Tectp.455...14L
774:2009JGRB..11404207W
222:South Volcanic Zone
150:Location of Chaitén
99: /
2181:Mountains of Chile
2038:Carrán-Los Venados
1983:Nevados de Chillán
1968:Descabezado Grande
922:. BBC. May 6, 2008
494:
410:
393:and possibly some
386:
375:
279:radiocarbon dating
252:
65:Highest point
2216:Holocene calderas
2191:Calderas of Chile
2168:
2167:
1978:Nevado de Longaví
1920:Cueros de Purulla
1900:Cordón del Azufre
1562:Nevado del Tolima
1142:on June 17, 2008.
391:pyroclastic flows
271:Gulf of Corcovado
237:
236:
16:(Redirected from
2228:
2186:Active volcanoes
2163:
2033:Mocho-Choshuenco
1567:Nevado del Huila
1526:Andean volcanoes
1519:
1512:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1411:
1388:
1380:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1331:on June 16, 2008
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1301:on June 17, 2008
1287:
1281:
1280:
1279:on July 7, 2011.
1265:
1259:
1258:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1183:
1174:
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1171:
1169:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
850:
844:
843:
841:
802:
796:
795:
785:
753:
744:
743:
741:
739:
734:on June 11, 2008
720:
714:
713:
711:
709:
686:
680:
679:
677:
675:
659:
648:
647:
645:
643:
638:on June 11, 2008
624:
618:
605:
601:
595:
594:
576:
556:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
516:
188:
175:Los Lagos Region
140:
139:
133:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
51:
39:
38:
21:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2118:
2112:
1940:
1934:
1930:Ojos del Salado
1860:Aguas Calientes
1667:
1661:
1557:Nevado del Ruiz
1534:
1528:
1523:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1409:
1386:
1378:
1376:Wayback Machine
1350:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1082:on May 29, 2008
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
1000:on May 11, 2008
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
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969:
965:
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953:
940:
939:
935:
925:
923:
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911:
907:
897:
895:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
852:
851:
847:
803:
799:
754:
747:
737:
735:
722:
721:
717:
707:
705:
698:Thomson Reuters
688:
687:
683:
673:
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621:
603:
602:
598:
554:
548:
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534:
532:
518:
517:
504:
499:
467:
450:
399:eruption column
363:San Jorge Basin
323:
186:
171:Palena Province
157:
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60:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Chaitén Volcano
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2223:
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2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
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2183:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2157:
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2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
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2110:
2105:
2100:
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2090:
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2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
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1995:
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1985:
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1965:
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1950:
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1935:
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1932:
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1907:
1902:
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1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1850:Purico complex
1847:
1842:
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1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
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1885:Llullaillaco
1750:Huaynaputina
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1329:the original
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331:Puerto Montt
324:
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273:in southern
254:
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233:2008 to 2011
187:Parent range
36:
2119:(49°–55° S)
2103:Mate Grande
1953:Tupungatito
1941:(33°–46° S)
1820:Olca-Paruma
1815:Irruputuncu
1805:Tata Sabaya
1745:Pichu Pichu
1675:Quimsachata
1668:(14°–27° S)
1552:Cerro Bravo
1443:Photography
1384:SERNAGEOMIN
1295:SERNAGEOMIN
1251:SERNAGEOMIN
1221:SERNAGEOMIN
1191:SERNAGEOMIN
1158:SERNAGEOMIN
1136:SERNAGEOMIN
1106:SERNAGEOMIN
1076:SERNAGEOMIN
946:SERNAGEOMIN
607:Pino, Mario
269:, near the
106: /
81:Coordinates
2175:Categories
2063:Hornopirén
2048:Casablanca
2018:Villarrica
2013:Sollipulli
1973:Cerro Azul
1845:Licancabur
1840:Sairecabur
1800:Guallatiri
1790:Parinacota
1770:Purupuruni
1680:Auquihuato
1647:Tungurahua
1642:Chimborazo
1602:Reventador
1577:Doña Juana
768:(B04207).
694:Reuters UK
497:References
94:72°38′53″W
91:42°50′14″S
2083:Corcovado
2003:Lonquimay
1963:Calabozos
1948:Tupungato
1925:Incahuasi
1890:Lastarria
1870:Chiliques
1710:Sabancaya
1690:Sara Sara
1607:Pichincha
1542:Paipa-Iza
1050:La Nación
1024:Bloomberg
583:0716-0208
520:"Chaitén"
471:Novarupta
442:Argentina
359:ash cloud
347:Futaleufú
339:Argentina
315:Chan-Chan
300:lava dome
281:of older
248:lava dome
245:rhyolitic
119:Geography
71:Elevation
2151:Fueguino
2136:Aguilera
2088:Mentolat
1998:Callaqui
1835:Zapaleri
1765:Yucamane
1760:Tutupaca
1730:Chachani
1700:Coropuna
1695:Solimana
1637:Quilotoa
1632:Cotopaxi
1627:Illiniza
1612:Antisana
1372:Archived
1353:Articles
1335:July 10,
1305:July 10,
1231:July 11,
1201:July 11,
1168:July 10,
1116:July 10,
1086:July 10,
1056:July 10,
1030:July 10,
919:BBC News
792:53137424
591:61022562
307:obsidian
297:obsidian
294:rhyolite
162:Location
152:in Chile
2126:Lautaro
2078:Chaitén
2058:Calbuco
1993:Copahue
1910:Peinado
1895:Lazufre
1880:Socompa
1785:Taapaca
1755:Ticsani
1597:Cayambe
1587:Azufral
1582:Galeras
1547:Romeral
1479:Webcams
1004:July 9,
956:July 9,
926:May 13,
898:July 9,
868:July 9,
818:Bibcode
770:Bibcode
738:July 9,
708:May 13,
674:May 13,
642:July 9,
617:, 2005.
365:in the
341:to the
327:Chaitén
267:Chaitén
259:caldera
255:Chaitén
210:Caldera
199:Geology
167:Chaitén
144:Chaitén
57:Chaitén
42:Chaitén
2146:Burney
2141:Reclus
2131:Viedma
2108:Hudson
2068:Huequi
2053:Osorno
2008:Llaima
1988:Antuco
1875:Aracar
1865:Lascar
1855:Pacana
1830:Azufre
1810:Isluga
1780:Tacora
1775:Casiri
1740:Ubinas
1720:Ampato
1685:Firura
1657:Sangay
1592:Chiles
1572:Puracé
978:May 2,
790:
589:
581:
535:May 2,
490:tephra
475:Alaska
465:Rarity
455:lahars
448:Damage
438:Chubut
283:tephra
2028:Lanín
1958:Maipo
1905:Galán
1795:Lauca
1735:Misti
1622:Soche
1617:Aliso
1325:ONEMI
1273:ONEMI
888:ONEMI
858:ONEMI
788:S2CID
728:ONEMI
632:ONEMI
555:(PDF)
473:, in
415:OVDAS
371:MODIS
275:Chile
193:Andes
179:Chile
2098:Macá
1337:2008
1307:2008
1233:2008
1203:2008
1170:2008
1118:2008
1088:2008
1058:2008
1032:2008
1006:2008
980:2013
958:2008
928:2008
900:2008
870:2008
740:2008
710:2008
676:2008
644:2008
587:OCLC
579:ISSN
537:2018
395:lava
2093:Cay
834:hdl
826:doi
814:455
778:doi
766:114
569:doi
335:ash
2177::
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