31:
292:
178:
198:
272:
418:
171:, together with other Central Asian ambassadors. An adjoining inscription reads: "I am Pukarzate, the dapirpat (chancellor) of Chaganian. I arrived here from Turantash, the lord of Chaganian". The King of Chaganian named Turantash may have a been a "Hunnic" Hephthalite ruler, or one of the local Chaghan Khudah, who seem to have coexisted with the Hephthalites.
472:, the governor of Chaghaniyan was a certain Abu'l-Qasem, who was the son-in-law of Mas'ud, and may have been a Muhtajid. Some years later, Abu'l-Qasem had to temporarily leave the province due to an invasion by Karakhanids. No more rulers of Chaghaniyan are mentioned after this, and only a few years later the
440:
Some time later, Abu 'Ali was sent on an expedition to quell a rebellion near
Chaghaniyan under a self-proclaimed prophet known as Mahdi. Abu 'Ali managed to successfully defeat and capture the latter and then had his head sent to Bukhara. In ca. 951/2, Abu 'Ali's son Abu'l Muzaffar Abdallah died in
319:
managed to make the
Chaghan Khudah, whose name is mentioned as Tish, acknowledge Umayyad authority. The real reason for Tish's submission, however, was to gain aid in defeating the local rulers of Akharun and Shuman in northern Tokharistan, who had been making incursions against him. Qutayba shortly
444:
In 955, Abu 'Ali and one of his sons died of the plague. Their bodies were shortly brought to
Chaghaniyan where they were buried. A certain Muhtajid prince, Abu'l Muzaffar ibn Muhammad, probably the grandson of 'Abu Ali, was then appointed as the new ruler of Chaghaniyan. However, according to some
428:
When the news of the re-capture of
Bukhara arrived to Abu 'Ali, he once again marched towards Bukhara, but was defeated by an army sent by Nuh and withdrew back to Chaghaniyan. After some time, he left the region and tried to obtain support from other Samanid vassals. Meanwhile, Nuh had Chaghaniyan
413:
and installed him as ruler in
Bukhara when he took the city in 947. Abu 'Ali, now having secured his position, returned to Chaghaniyan. Ibrahim, however, was unpopular with the people of Bukhara, and Nuh soon retaliated by retaking the city and blinding Ibrahim and two brothers.
429:
ravaged and its capital sacked. Another battle shortly ensured between Abu 'Ali and a
Samanid army in Tokharistan, which resulted in a Samanid victory. Fortunately for Abu 'Ali, he managed to secure the support of other Samanid vassals, such as the rulers of
177:
355:, Chaghaniyan was once again a vassal of the Umayyad Caliphate. After this, the Chaghan Khudahs begin to fade from the sources. In the late 8th-century Chaghaniyan fell under the direct control of the
264:, against the Arabs. Nevertheless, the Arabs managed to emerge victorious. However, the Rashidun Caliphate soon fell into civil war, and was conquered by another Arab family, who founded the
315:, the expeditions against Chaghaniyan and other areas east of the Oxus river seemingly indicated “a methodical plan of conquest” of Soghdiana by Ziyad. In 705, the Arab general
452:, who had replaced the Samanids as the dominant power in Transoxiana and Khurasan. In 1025, an unnamed Muhtajid ruler and other Ghaznavid vassals joined the Ghaznavid ruler
480:(r. 1063–1072), his brother Ilyas ibn Chaghri Beg was appointed as the governor of Chaghaniyan. By the 12th-century, the name of the region itself ceases to be used.
383:(914-943), who in return, rewarded him by appointing him as the governor of Khorasan. In 939, Abu Bakr Muhammad fell ill and was replaced from his post by his son
50:. An adjoining inscription reads: "I am Pukarzate, the dapirpat (chancellor) of Chaganian. I arrived here from Turantash, the lord of Chaganian". 648-651 CE.
141:
suzerainty, while the territories south of the Oxus were nominally controlled by the
Sasanian Empire. The territories under the Turks rebelled in 581 CE.
197:
437:, and in the end made peace with Nuh, who allowed him to keep Chaghaniyan in return for sending his son Abu'l Muzaffar Abdallah as hostage to Bukhara.
351:, where they were defeated and the Chaghan Khudah was killed. After the battle, most of Khorasan except Chaghaniyan remained under Arab control. Under
394:
dismissed Abu 'Ali from the governorship of
Khurasan after hearing complaints of the latter's harsh rule, and sought to replace him with a Turk, the
303:, the Umayyad viceroy of the eastern Caliphate, the Arab raids into Central Asia became more organized and his lieutenant governor of Khurasan,
184:
966:
1188:
363:, an Iranian dynasty which in the 10th-century gained control over Chaghaniyan, may have been descended from the Chaghan Khudahs.
1029:
The
Ornament of Histories: A History of the Eastern Islamic Lands AD 650-1041: The Persian Text of Abu Sa'id 'Abd Al-Hayy Gardizi
343:, where they asked for aid against the Arabs. Nevertheless, the principality of Chaghaniyan still aided the Arabs against the
1037:
1002:
940:
916:
714:
669:
600:
549:
522:
1193:
988:
241:, which included the Chaghan Khudah and many other local rulers. In 652, the Chaghan Khudah, along with the rulers of
1155:
1134:
1109:
1060:
401:. Abu 'Ali refused to accept his dismissal and rebelled. He was joined by several prominent Iranian figures such as
1203:
133:, under their new king Faganish, who established a dynasty. Soon, the new Hephthalite territories north of the
908:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXV: The End of Expansion: The Caliphate of Hishām, A.D. 724–738/A.H. 105–120
620:
304:
237:. However, the Arabs, after having dealt with the Sasanian Empire, began focusing on the local rulers of
226:
291:
30:
1198:
975:
308:
230:
17:
951:
644:
961:
926:
902:
1124:
932:
The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads
659:
539:
405:, whom he appointed as the commander of Khurasan. Abu 'Ali also convinced a Samanid, Nuh's uncle
261:
126:
1048:
704:
590:
512:
1027:
1013:
911:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
631:
469:
348:
168:
51:
685:
565:
384:
1126:
History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750
1101:
514:
History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750
8:
1074:
402:
1169:
398:
316:
234:
218:
1165:
1151:
1130:
1105:
1080:
1056:
1033:
998:
936:
912:
710:
665:
596:
545:
518:
406:
372:
356:
265:
183:
Hephthalite coin of the Principality of Chaghaniyan, with crowned King and Queen, in
731:
453:
295:
Coin of an uncertain Chaghan Khudah, in Sasanian style. Chaghaniyan, 7th century CE
238:
221:
control. By the late 7th-century, Chaghaniyan came under the control of presumably
188:
145:
70:
1145:
1094:
930:
906:
706:
The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to the Present: A Cultural History
586:
441:
an accident and his corpse was shortly sent to Chaghaniyan, where he was buried.
434:
352:
300:
222:
214:
122:
121:, and became a sanctuary for the Hephthalites following their defeat against the
88:
sources, was a medieval region and principality located on the right bank of the
1023:
983:
971:
376:
328:
62:
1053:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
1182:
1084:
979:
312:
448:
By the end of the 10th-century, the Muhtajid dynasty became a vassal of the
336:
320:
defeated the two rulers, and forced them to acknowledge Umayyad authority.
287:
in the 8th-century. Chaghaniyan appears as "Saghaniyan", north of the Oxus.
258:
138:
417:
327:, the king of Samarkand, Narayana, the king of Kumadh, and Tughshada, the
271:
1070:
445:
other sources, Abu 'Ali was succeeded by his relative Abu'l-Hasan Taher.
379:, another Iranian dynasty. He was a loyal supporter of the Samanid ruler
284:
280:
254:
130:
110:
477:
461:
457:
449:
89:
395:
360:
164:
160:
149:
93:
47:
43:
35:
129:
in 563-567 CE. They resettled in Chaganian and other territories of
276:
473:
465:
430:
380:
344:
332:
242:
307:, crossed the Oxus and raided Chaghaniyan in 667. His successor
203:
Afrasiab Sogdian inscription mentioning the embassy of Turantash
250:
246:
118:
85:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
754:
752:
391:
340:
324:
114:
595:. British Library. Serindia Publications, Inc. p. 110.
152:, with sometimes the addition of the name of local rulers.
1055:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 136–161.
880:
764:
749:
421:
410:
213:
During its early history, the region often shifted between
134:
840:
838:
621:"THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS"
311:
also launched an expedition into the region. According to
870:
868:
855:
853:
468:
Qadir-khan Yusuf. During the reign of Mahmud's successor
935:. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
359:, which had succeeded the Umayyad Caliphate in 750. The
835:
347:, and were present at the side of the Arabs during the
1018:. London et al.: C. Edmund Bosworth. pp. 614–615.
956:. London et al.: C. Edmund Bosworth. pp. 764–766.
865:
850:
799:
787:
233:, the Chaghan Khudah aided the Sasanians against the
511:
Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. (January 1996).
476:
took control of the region. During the reign of the
144:Their coinage in Chaganian was an imitation of the
1093:
965:
823:
811:
155:In 648-651 CE an ambassador from Chaganian named
1180:
42:(identification of the forehead), visiting king
1122:
366:
510:
950:Bosworth, C. Edmund (1984). "ĀL-E MOḤTĀJ".
925:
901:
592:The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith
1164:
1123:B. A. Litvinsky, Ahmad Hasan Dani (1996).
989:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
661:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set
541:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set
137:, to which Chaganian belonged, fell under
1150:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
997:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 541–542.
585:
1022:
1012:Bosworth, C. Edmund (1990). "ČAḠĀNĪĀN".
1011:
960:
949:
886:
874:
859:
781:
758:
729:
702:
618:
416:
371:The founder of the Muhtajid dynasty was
290:
270:
29:
1015:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 6
614:
612:
14:
1181:
1143:
1091:
953:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7
793:
703:Allworth, Edward A. (September 2013).
664:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 243.
657:
544:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 243.
537:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
208:
1079:. London: The Royal Asiatic Society.
692:. NORTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY FOUNDATION.
572:. NORTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY FOUNDATION.
113:buffer principality" located between
1100:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1069:
1046:
844:
829:
817:
805:
609:
581:
579:
658:Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018).
538:Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018).
489:
104:
74:
24:
1189:Historical geography of Uzbekistan
1076:The Arab Conquests in Central Asia
323:However, in 718, Tish, along with
25:
1215:
576:
196:
176:
1032:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–169.
723:
696:
678:
651:
558:
531:
253:, aided the ruler of southern
187:, circa 550-650 CE. Legend in
159:is known to have visited king
27:Region known in medieval times
13:
1:
1171:The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall
732:"THE HEPHTHALITE NUMISMATICS"
709:. Hoover Press. p. 322.
483:
7:
367:Muhtajid rule and aftermath
305:al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari
225:local rulers known as the “
10:
1220:
1194:Historical regions of Iran
1129:. UNESCO. pp. 1–569.
895:
730:Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2013).
619:KURBANOV, AYDOGDY (2010).
390:In 945, the Samanid ruler
375:, who was a vassal of the
99:
1174:. University of Calcutta.
927:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
903:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
335:, sent an embassy to the
309:Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi
231:Muslim conquest of Persia
1092:Hansen, Valerie (2012).
686:"Afrosiab Wall Painting"
566:"Afrosiab Wall Painting"
424:in the mid-10th century.
299:Under the leadership of
1147:The 'Abbāsid Revolution
1051:. In Frye, R.N. (ed.).
517:. UNESCO. p. 177.
1144:Shaban, M. A. (1979).
639:Cite journal requires
460:to meet his ally, the
425:
296:
288:
262:Yabghus of Tokharistan
127:First Turkic Khaganate
55:
1204:Former principalities
420:
349:Battle of the Baggage
294:
274:
167:, and appears in the
33:
456:when he crossed the
1047:Frye, R.N. (1975).
967:"Ḳutayba b. Muslim"
889:, pp. 614–615.
847:, pp. 149–151.
784:, pp. 764–766.
761:, pp. 614–615.
690:contents.nahf.or.kr
570:contents.nahf.or.kr
403:Abu Mansur Muhammad
209:Chaghan-Khudah rule
1166:Wellhausen, Julius
426:
399:Ibrahim ibn Simjur
317:Qutayba ibn Muslim
297:
289:
109:Chaganian was an "
92:, to the south of
56:
1199:Medieval Khorasan
1039:978-1-84885-353-9
1004:978-90-04-07819-2
942:978-0-7914-1827-7
918:978-0-88706-569-9
808:, pp. 16–17.
716:978-0-8179-8733-6
671:978-1-83860-868-2
602:978-1-932476-13-2
551:978-1-83860-868-2
524:978-92-3-103211-0
433:, and the Kumiji
407:Ibrahim ibn Ahmad
385:Abu 'Ali Chaghani
373:Abu Bakr Muhammad
357:Abbasid Caliphate
266:Umayyad Caliphate
185:Byzantine fashion
16:(Redirected from
1211:
1175:
1161:
1140:
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1088:
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1043:
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587:Whitfield, Susan
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555:
535:
529:
528:
508:
454:Mahmud of Ghazna
200:
180:
169:Afrasiyab murals
105:Hephthalite rule
76:
52:Afrasiyab murals
34:Ambassador from
21:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1179:
1178:
1158:
1137:
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1063:
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1024:Bosworth, C. E.
1005:
972:Bosworth, C. E.
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552:
536:
532:
525:
509:
490:
486:
435:mountain people
409:, to come from
369:
353:Nasr ibn Sayyar
301:Ziyad ibn Abihi
211:
204:
201:
192:
181:
123:Sasanian Empire
107:
102:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1177:
1176:
1162:
1156:
1141:
1135:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1089:
1071:Gibb, H. A. R.
1067:
1061:
1049:"The Sāmānids"
1044:
1038:
1020:
1009:
1003:
976:van Donzel, E.
962:Bosworth, C.E.
958:
947:
941:
923:
917:
905:, ed. (1989).
897:
894:
892:
891:
879:
864:
849:
834:
822:
810:
798:
796:, p. 127.
786:
763:
748:
722:
715:
695:
677:
670:
650:
641:|journal=
608:
601:
575:
557:
550:
530:
523:
487:
485:
482:
368:
365:
235:Rashidun Arabs
229:”. During the
227:Chaghan Khudah
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
195:
193:
182:
175:
146:Sasanian coins
106:
103:
101:
98:
63:Middle Persian
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1216:
1205:
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1200:
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1157:0-521-29534-3
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1136:9789231032110
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1128:
1127:
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1119:
1113:
1111:9780195159318
1107:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:The Silk Road
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1078:
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1062:0-521-20093-8
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938:
934:
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928:
924:
920:
914:
910:
909:
904:
900:
899:
888:
887:Bosworth 2011
883:
877:, p. 64.
876:
875:Bosworth 2011
871:
869:
862:, p. 63.
861:
860:Bosworth 2011
856:
854:
846:
841:
839:
832:, p. 60.
831:
826:
820:, p. 32.
819:
814:
807:
802:
795:
790:
783:
782:Bosworth 1984
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
760:
759:Bosworth 1990
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753:
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350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
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329:Bukhar Khudah
326:
321:
318:
314:
313:H. A. R. Gibb
310:
306:
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293:
286:
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278:
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112:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:al-Saghaniyan
79:
72:
68:
64:
60:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1170:
1146:
1125:
1118:
1095:
1075:
1052:
1028:
1014:
994:
987:
952:
931:
907:
882:
825:
813:
801:
789:
742:
738:
725:
705:
698:
689:
680:
660:
653:
632:cite journal
591:
569:
560:
540:
533:
513:
447:
443:
439:
427:
389:
370:
337:Tang dynasty
322:
298:
259:Western Turk
212:
156:
154:
143:
139:Western Turk
108:
81:
80:), known as
77:
66:
58:
57:
54:, Samarkand.
39:
984:Pellat, Ch.
794:Hansen 2012
285:Tokharistan
281:Transoxiana
255:Tokharistan
219:Hephthalite
131:Tokharistan
111:Hephthalite
78:Chaghāniyān
59:Chaghaniyan
1183:Categories
484:References
478:Alp Arslan
462:Karakhanid
458:Oxus River
450:Ghaznavids
90:Oxus River
67:Chagīnīgān
1085:685253133
993:Volume V:
980:Lewis, B.
845:Frye 1975
830:Gibb 1923
818:Gibb 1923
806:Gibb 1923
739:Tyragetia
464:ruler of
361:Muhtajids
268:in 661.
165:Samarkand
161:Varkhuman
157:Pukarzate
150:Khusrau I
94:Samarkand
48:Samarkand
44:Varkhuman
40:Pukarzate
36:Chaganian
18:Chaganian
1168:(1927).
1073:(1923).
1026:(2011).
995:Khe–Mahi
986:(eds.).
964:(1986).
929:(1994).
589:(2004).
396:Simjurid
377:Samanids
277:Khurasan
239:Khorasan
215:Sasanian
125:and the
896:Sources
474:Seljuks
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