7399:
1555:
1973:
3683:
1353:
1321:
1207:
1487:
4054:
7913:
5167:
Bussagli (1963) where he dates it to the 6th century (?), by Hartel and Y aldiz ( 1982), no. 42, where it is dated to the 7th century, by M. Yaldiz (1987), pp. 107-109, where she relates it to T'ang 8th-9th century painting, Gies and Cohen (1995), no. 78 where it is dated to the 7th century. (...)Armor: This style does not appear to relate to the T'ang period 7th-9th century or later, where the military uniform and helmets, etc. are differently portrayed. (...) Overall, this painting appears to relate to 6th century works in
Central Asia, especially ca. mid 6th century and to Sui and early T'ang works of China from ca. late 6th to early 7th century
1989:
7571:
1821:
101:
8725:
1475:
8409:
2680:
1516:. Pei saw the distrust and suspicions between the two chieftains and exploited this weakness by driving a wedge between them. Eventually, Ashina Funian murdered Ashide Wenfu out of the fear of Tang's revenge against him. When Funian was brought to the Tang court, he was executed regardless of the fact that he surrendered his troops. Pei had promised Ashina that he would not be put to death, however, the court did not respect Pei's promise. Due to this incident, Pei retired. Ashina's death, according to New Book of Tang, was a scheme against Pei Xingjian by his very own clansman
8355:
2118:
843:
107:
1716:
1575:
1813:
7513:
7501:
1461:. Meanwhile, general Pei Xingjian lost interest in reinstalling the Persian King and left Narsieh in the Anxi Protectorate alone, although Narsieh was still able to maintain his many servants and a high quality of life, and would continue on to fight against the Muslim Arabs for twenty years. Upon returning to Tang, Pei was appointed the minister of rituals and Great general of the right flank guards.
5260:
1320:
1738:, in a bid to open up trade; this proposal was refused, apparently because the Persians wanted to restrict trade by and with the Byzantines. The members of a second Turk legation to Persia were reportedly poisoned. From 569, the Turks and Persia were at war, until the Turks were defeated near Merv; hostilities ceased in 571.
1149:. The Turks demanded the tribute formerly paid to the Hephthalites and when this was refused, they crossed the Oxus, but thought better of it and withdrew. In 571 a border was drawn along the Oxus, the Persians expanding east to Afghanistan, and the Turks gaining the Sogdian merchant cities and their control of the
1914:
The second statement attributes it to
Dielishi, who took over the throne in 635 and began to strengthen the state by further affirming the initial ten tribes and two tribal wings, in contrast with the rotation of rule between the Tumen (through Apa) and Istämi (through Tardu) lineages in the Western
2084:
powerful enemies kneel and proud ones to bow. The
Turgesh kagan (and his people) was our Turk. Because of their unawareness and foolishness, for their being traitorous, their kagan had died; his buyruqs and lords, had died too. The On-Oq people suffered a great deal. In order the land (lit.: 'earth
2183:
Killed there. We took to prison about fifty persons. That night we sent (messengers) to every nation. Having heard these words, beks and people of Ten Arrows all came and subdued. When I was settling down and gathering the coming beks and people a few people ran away. I led to campaign the army of
1523:
In 682, Pei was again put in charge of pacifying yet another Turkic rebellion against the Tang dynasty. However, he died of old age before the troops were sent out. The imperial court rewarded him the posthumous name Xian (獻) which means "Dedication", as well as the supreme military honorary title
4830:
The war is variously dated. 560–65 (Gumilyov,1967); 555 (Stark, 2008, Altturkenzeit,210); 557 (Iranica, Khosrow ii); 558–61 (Iranica.hephthalites); 557–63 (Baumer, Hist.Cent.Asia,2,174); 557–61 (Sinor,1990, Hist Inner Asia,301; 560–563 (UNESCO, Hist.civs.c.a., iii,143); 562–65 (Christian, hist.
2093:
I, Tengri- llike and Tengri born Bilge kagan Turkic. Hear my words. When my father, Bilge kagan Turkic, ruled, you, supreme Turk beks, lower
Tardush beks, Shadapyt beks led by Kul Chur, the rest Tyules beks, Apa Tarkhan. Led by Shadapyt beks, Bairuks. Tamgan Tarkhan, Tonyukuk, Boila Baga Tarkhan,
5166:
Fig. 3.73a Wall painting with Buddha teaching, probably from the Temple of the
Pedestal, Eastern Group, Tumshuk-Tagh, Tumshuk, 51 x 75 em, Museum fiir lndische Kunst, Berlin (III 8716). Page 555-556: This is a famous work from Tumshuk (Fig. 3.73a) and has been variously dated. It is discussed by
2048:
Sogdians, as suggested by the marked East Asian features and faces without beards. They are the most numerous ethnic group in the mural, and are not ambassadors, but rather military attendants. Their depiction offers a unique glimpse into the clothing of the Turks of the 6–7th century CE. They
1864:
divided his state into ten parts, and each was headed by one man, together they made up the ten shads (設 she). Every shad is given an arrow by him, thus they were known as the ten arrows. He also divided the ten arrows into two factions, each consisted of five arrows. The left (east) faction
1512:, a noble from Lanling Commandery, was defeated by Ashide. Pei then took over the command from Xiao and decisively won a battle against the Turks in an ambush. Ashide fled. Not long after the first defeat, Ashide Wenfu gathered his troops and united them with the troops of another chieftain
1848:
In the beginning , Shidianmi followed the Shanyu and commanded the ten great chiefs. Together with their 100,000 soldiers, he marched to the
Western Regions and subdued the barbarian statelets. There he declared himself as qaghan, under the title of ten tribes, and ruled them for
2174:
Three messengers came, their words were similar: "One kagan with his army went on campaign. The army of Ten Arrows people went on campaign too. They told that they would gather in the step of Yarysh". Having heard these words I told them the kagan. What to do?! With the reply (from
2065:
or pearls. On
Western Turkic coins, "the faces of the governor and governess are clearly mongoloid (a roundish face, narrow eyes), and the portrait have definite old Türk features (long hair, absence of headdress of the governor, a tricorn headdress of the governess)".
2025:
The scenes depicted in the
Afrasiyab murals may have been painted in 648–651 CE, as the Western Turkic Khaganate was in its last days, before its fall in 657 CE, and the Han Dynasty was increasing its territory in Central Asia. They are recognizable by their long
1590:
During the late 6th century, the Turks consolidated their geopolitical position in
Central Asia, as the lynchpin in trade between East Asia and Western Asia – in which Persia and Byzantium were the dominant powers. For much of this period,
1885:) separately. Each took command of one arrow and called themselves the ten arrows. Thereafter, each arrow was also known as one tribe, and the great arrow head as the great chief. The five Duolu tribes inhabited to east of Suiye (
1796:. When the siege dragged on, the Turks left, and Heraclius went south and won a great victory over the Persians. The Turks returned, captured Tiflis and massacred the garrison. On behalf of the Byzantines, a Turk general named
1907:), who had brought with him the ten tribes, probably from the Eastern Qaghanate in Mongolia and travelled west to expand the Qaghanate. The exact date for the event was not recorded, and the shanyu here referred to might be
1915:
Qaghanate. Thereafter, the name "ten tribes" (十姓) became a shortened address for the
Western Turks in Chinese records. Those divisions did not include the five major tribes, who were active further east of the ten tribes.
1711:"Turks themselves are simple-minded and short-sighted and dissention can easily be roused among them. Unfortunately, many Sogdians live among them who are cunning and insidious; they teach and instruct the Turks."
1951:. During the reformation the more powerful Nushibi tribes such as A-Xijie and Geshu were sub-divided into two tribal groups with a greater and lesser title under a fixed tribal name, resulting in the attested
7266:
1363:
Map of the Tang Empire and Central Asian Protectorates circa 660 CE. It was through the conquest of the Western Turks that the Tang dynasty was able to reach its maximum extent, although for just a few
1360:
3644:
7398:
1745:
whose camp was west of the Caspian. Valentinus wanted action against the Persians and Turxanthos complained that Byzantium was harboring the Avars. Valentinus then went east to meet
2154:
towns and the seas. Twenty three town were destroyed. All of them had left on Usyn-bundatu land.(?). Tabgaches’ kagan (China) was our enemy. The kagan of "Ten Arrows" was our enemy.
4317:
830:(618–630). After Tong's murder there were conflicts between the Dulu and Nushibi factions and many short-lived Khagans, and some territory was lost. From 642 onward the expanding
1684:
accompanied Maniakh on his return journey; and later left a pioneering account of the Turks. Maniakh now proposed to bypass the Persians and re-open a direct route north of the
5395:"to go out, hunt". See Bailey, H.W. "Khotanese Texts, VII" in Golden, Peter B. (1992). "An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People." Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
3637:
9731:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
2053:, often gathered together into a one single long plait. They have ankle-length monochromic sleeved coats with two lapels. This fashion for the collar is first seen in
1288:(642–51). The Tang dynasty demanded part of the Tarim Basin and then seized part of it until the war ended with Taizong's death. Irbis was overthrown by (Ashina Helu)
643:
629:
615:
601:
587:
573:
559:
534:
520:
1342:
1703:
The Turks' control of the Sogdian merchant cities along the Oxus from the late 6th century on gave the Western Turks substantive control of the central part of the
7273:
5140:
This section from Baumer, Hist. Central Asia, vol. 2, 175–81; Christian, History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, 248–57; Sinor, Hist Early Inner Asia, 301–05
2022:. The Turkic delegates (right in the mural), are recognizable by their long plaits. They do not carry presents, as they are simply escorting the Chinese envoys.
3630:
5627:"The Costume of Foreign Embassies and Inhabitants of Samarkand on Wall Painting of the 7th c. in the "Hall of Ambassadors" from Afrasiab as a Historical Source"
785:
in 657 and continued as its vassal, until it finally collapsed in 742. To the west, the breakup of the Western Turkic Khaganate led to the rise of the Turkic
5312:
1937:
The ruling elites were divided into two groups and the relationship between the two groups were tense: the more aristocratic Duolu shads held the title
1554:
1379:
against the Western Turkic Khaganate in the 7th century CE. Early military conflicts were a result of the Tang interventions in the rivalry between the
4888:"The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012–2013 exhibit: 13. THE TURK SHAHIS IN KABULISTAN"
4015:
1734:
extracted a large amount of silk as booty from the Chinese, which had to be marketed westward. Before 568, Maniakh, a leading merchant, visited the
1096:
4735:
The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power Among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs and Chinese During the Early Middle Ages
2085:
and water'), which was ruled by our ancestors, not to be left without a ruler, we organized Az people and put them into the order... was Barys bek.
7570:
100:
10447:
9959:
5827:
2162:... he might kill us". "So the Turkic kagan started out" – he said. "All Ten Arrows people started out" – he said. – "(among them) there is also
1680:
led a Turco-Sogdian legation to Constantinople in 568, pursuing trade and an alliance against the Avars and Persians. A Byzantine official named
3682:
9952:
10950:
2679:
1137:
made peace with the Byzantines and turned on the Hephthalites. Fighting started in 560 The Persians won a victory in 562, and the Turks took
9315:
4375:
12111:
12106:
10273:
9700:
4457:
7393:
6985:
5875:
3705:
1509:
8682:
7912:
6920:
4328:
7138:
1773:
1677:
1972:
10452:
8358:
5691:
4534:
4475:
3909:
3900:
1370:
10464:
10442:
9765:
9733:
8397:
7259:
6009:
4397:
4173:
1918:
The earlier tribes consisted of eight primary tribes ruled by eight chiefs-in-command: the five Duolu (咄陆) tribes, and the three
1450:
552:
7240:
1206:
11903:
11285:
5554:
5159:
5060:
4951:
4924:
4797:
4770:
4093:
4008:
2061:, a traditional Turkic land, in the 2nd–4th century CE. They have low black sharp-nosed boots. They wear gold bracelets with
1730:
saw the Byzantine alliance as a Sogdian scheme to benefit themselves at the expense of the Turks. A related fact is that the
1089:
5275:
4293:
11809:
7195:
5820:
4089:
1333:
1328:
12091:
11955:
10955:
9423:
7190:
6191:
5753:
Denison Ross, E. (1930). The Tonyukuk Inscription. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 6(1), 37–43.
4533:
Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus (2012–2013).
8375:
5669:"Early Turks: Male Costume in the Chinese Art Second half of the 6th – first half of the 8th cc. (Images of 'Others')"
5460:"Early Turks: Male Costume in the Chinese Art Second half of the 6th – first half of the 8th cc. (Images of 'Others')"
1527:
The areas controlled by the Tang dynasty came under the dynasty's cultural influences and the Turkic influence of the
1249:
In the year of Tong's death the Tang dynasty defeated and annexed the Eastern Khaganate. He was murdered by his uncle
12086:
10599:
6601:
5795:
4368:
2127:
1531:. Indo-European prevalence in Central Asia declined as the expeditions accelerated Turkic migration into what is now
1352:
1180:. In 599–603 he gained the eastern half of the Khaganate, but after his death the two halves were definitely split.
4535:"The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012–2013 exhibit"
4831:
russia, mongolia, c.a.,252); ca 565 (Grousset, Empire Steppes, 1970, p82); 567 (Chavannes,1903, Documents, 236+229)
4520:
4485:
4121:
4001:
3662:
1082:
11581:
10382:
9024:
7200:
6470:
5850:
4342:
3828:
3321:
10743:
3934:
9476:
8335:
7235:
7180:
6430:
5813:
4309:
4116:
1536:
1296:
and captured by the Tang. After this there were several puppet Khagans. In 679–719 the old Gokturk capital of
1156:
Around 567–576 the Turks took the area between the Caspian and Black Seas. In 568 they took part of Bactria.
12019:
10457:
10410:
9695:
9310:
8724:
7341:
6724:
6186:
4490:
4304:
4267:
3692:
3390:
3383:
805:
250:
4887:
4053:
2014:
in Samarkand. The Chinese delegates (left in the mural) form an embassy to the king of Samarkand, carrying
743:, meaning "ten arrows". According to a Chinese source, the Western Turks were organized into ten divisions.
12014:
11898:
9358:
7185:
4886:
Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus.
4859:
Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus.
4361:
4033:
906:(553–75). The campaign probably began in the spring of 554 and apparently met little resistance. They took
17:
5668:
5459:
4709:
3775:
12101:
12024:
11061:
9758:
8390:
4272:
720:, formed as a result of the wars in the beginning of the 7th century (593–603 CE) after the split of the
5731:
1539:
and the Tang competed for control over Central Asia until the collapse of the Tang in the 10th century.
946:
in 558, and who crossed the western steppe and reached Hungary by 567. The Turks then turned southeast.
10362:
10042:
9244:
7964:
7725:
6450:
4505:
4212:
4169:
2622:
1889:), and the five Nushibi tribes to the west of it. Since then, they called themselves as the ten tribes.
1528:
1486:
1375:
The Tang campaigns against the Western Turks, were a series of military campaigns conducted during the
10191:
1988:
11982:
11130:
10694:
8321:
7803:
7737:
7719:
7592:
6686:
5980:
4860:
4660:
Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.".
4650:, Vol. 3, part 1, ed. William Bayne Fisher and E. Yarshater, (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 621.
4338:
4569:
1930:) also confirmed that initially, the Western Turkic Khaganate were divided into eight tribes during
1599:. A timeline of the westward expansion of the Turks under Istämi might be reconstructed as follows:
11940:
11915:
11765:
11424:
10556:
9881:
9072:
7809:
7806:
7800:
7794:
7764:
7707:
7380:
7133:
6706:
6420:
6410:
6405:
5990:
5955:
4968:
4470:
4256:
4146:
3585:
3231:
2112:
1820:
1731:
1384:
1265:(631–33) on the throne. However, Nushibi quickly rebelled against Sy and enthroned Ashina Nishu as
969:
882:. The Gokturks were the first steppe empire to be in contact with three great urban civilizations:
823:
733:
133:
5050:
4713:
1188:(610–617), Tardush's grandson, who conquered the Altai, reconquered Tashkent and raided Ishfahan.
12116:
12007:
11888:
11429:
11382:
11325:
11024:
10968:
10716:
10420:
10105:
9100:
9044:
8791:
8787:
8627:
8445:
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8344:
7824:
7791:
7767:
7761:
7746:
7589:
7283:
7230:
7118:
6995:
6900:
6744:
6626:
6035:
5985:
5836:
5626:
5283:
4151:
3945:
3671:
3239:
1543:
1535:. By the end of the 657 campaigns, the Tang had reached its largest extent. The Turks, Tibetans,
1411:
1388:
1281:
993:
842:
636:
12029:
11930:
11925:
11613:
11561:
11481:
11414:
11318:
11303:
11196:
10963:
10917:
10758:
10645:
10437:
10425:
10415:
9782:
9751:
9337:
8695:
8672:
8487:
8383:
8181:
7782:
7773:
7716:
7651:
7636:
7210:
6970:
5995:
5930:
5291:
4136:
3982:
3536:
3401:
3202:
1900:
1801:
1765:
1301:
1293:
1239:
1177:
1169:
1146:
961:
811:
721:
539:
61:
5544:
5521:
4914:
4760:
4596:
4532:
2135:. He is cutting his forehead with a knife, a practice of self-mutilation also known among the
12081:
11960:
11920:
11733:
11608:
10672:
10662:
10621:
10592:
10432:
10405:
10372:
10357:
9567:
9521:
9129:
8070:
8061:
7755:
7731:
7586:
7045:
7020:
6930:
6561:
6395:
5785:
5409:
4941:
4787:
3115:
2011:
1981:
1976:
Western Turk attendants and officers, all recognizable by their long plaits, at the court of
1837:
1567:
57:
11848:
1474:
12053:
11883:
11853:
11728:
11659:
11630:
11549:
10883:
10721:
10711:
9720:
8783:
8502:
8457:
8354:
8067:
6980:
6827:
6362:
6160:
4393:
4177:
2889:
11833:
1546:
defeated the fragmented Western Turks in 712 and absorbed the tribes into the new empire.
8:
11745:
11625:
11591:
11493:
11313:
11308:
11120:
10839:
10775:
10650:
10635:
10347:
10337:
10145:
9461:
9080:
8705:
8527:
8076:
8073:
8024:
7728:
7583:
7220:
7154:
7010:
6435:
6425:
6155:
6080:
4193:
4042:
3977:
3848:
3369:
2979:
2075:
1749:. What caused this hostility is not clear. In 576–77 a Turk general called Bokhan and an
1033:
704:
686:
376:
188:
11461:
11451:
10367:
4538:
2117:
1788:
on the Caspian coast, entered Azerbaijan and Georgia, did a good bit of looting and met
11858:
11838:
11821:
11772:
11637:
11446:
11397:
11330:
11248:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11135:
11105:
10997:
10895:
10763:
10738:
10007:
9924:
9456:
9305:
9278:
8512:
8405:
8267:
8064:
7609:
7603:
7375:
7170:
7123:
6990:
6905:
6890:
6847:
6802:
6666:
6455:
6241:
6130:
6090:
6015:
5860:
5594:
5502:
5203:
5123:
4677:
4510:
3486:
3357:
2392:
1927:
1869:
tribes, headed by five churs (啜 chuo) separately. The right faction consisted of five
1833:
1777:
1692:
and the Black Sea cities and might have had something to do with the later rise of the
1499:
1457:, and numerous minor Turkic chieftains in the region then pledged their loyalty to the
1227:
827:
767:
5028:
106:
12096:
11967:
11863:
11799:
11794:
11723:
11620:
11335:
11263:
11258:
11100:
11029:
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11007:
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10753:
10377:
10342:
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10150:
9597:
9516:
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8294:
8055:
7606:
7520:
7411:
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6150:
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5115:
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4333:
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3920:
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3345:
3111:
3042:
2453:
2027:
2010:
Turkic delegates appear together with Chinese envoys in the 7th century CE murals of
2005:
1824:
Federal symbol of the Western Turks circa 650 CE. Eleven poles symbolizing the five
1445:, as he was also escorting back to Persia the last Sasanian pretender to the throne,
1262:
1025:
907:
725:
580:
478:
315:
11816:
11603:
11598:
11554:
11541:
11471:
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11293:
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11152:
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8291:
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7305:
7215:
7143:
6764:
6651:
6460:
6445:
6294:
6140:
6100:
6055:
6040:
5767:
5709:"Some Observations on Depictions of Early Turkic Costume (The Silk Road, 11, 2013)"
5313:"The Importance of Chinese and Tibetan Resources in Determining the Göktürk Tribes"
5078:"Some Observations on Depictions of Early Turkic Costume (The Silk Road, 11, 2013)"
5002:
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2019:
1498:
Statue of a Western Turk Khagan among the statues of "61 foreign officials" at the
1250:
1041:
1009:
786:
664:
594:
367:
261:
208:
10135:
9552:
8452:
5286:(653 CE), Ashina Helu of the Western Turks took Chuyue, Chumi, Gusu, Karluks, and
1234:. He sent men to fight the Persians south of the Caucasus, and also sent his son
12034:
12002:
11875:
11843:
11826:
11782:
11777:
11755:
11750:
11708:
11701:
11676:
11536:
11531:
11372:
11253:
11147:
11142:
11110:
10935:
10925:
10819:
10812:
10807:
10792:
10748:
10630:
10616:
10289:
10234:
10198:
10120:
10115:
9716:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
9398:
9375:
9348:
9088:
9060:
9056:
9028:
8997:
8934:
8891:
8874:
8700:
8662:
8597:
8582:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8522:
8517:
8507:
8497:
8477:
8467:
8435:
8279:
8030:
7905:
7749:
7701:
7598:
7526:
7494:
7365:
7361:
7353:
7330:
7251:
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7148:
7088:
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7040:
6782:
6475:
6274:
6231:
6213:
6050:
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5925:
5900:
5855:
4756:
4414:
4299:
4241:
4230:
4083:
3550:
3522:
3220:
3033:
3024:
3006:
2943:
2916:
2907:
1997:
1923:
1797:
1715:
1619:
1574:
1392:
1197:
939:
863:
622:
319:
219:
177:
144:
11456:
5571:
5180:
5100:
11977:
11972:
11935:
11910:
11893:
11804:
11789:
11760:
11718:
11566:
11526:
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11476:
11402:
11362:
11352:
11342:
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11036:
10930:
10797:
10679:
10268:
10263:
10163:
9997:
9966:
9945:
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9824:
9710:
9607:
9587:
9481:
9466:
9431:
9332:
9104:
9092:
9068:
9048:
9009:
8958:
8919:
8824:
8814:
8733:
8667:
8652:
8632:
8617:
8612:
8587:
8572:
8492:
8430:
8413:
8261:
8221:
8207:
7877:
7578:
7547:
7165:
7128:
6950:
6885:
6759:
6611:
6596:
6566:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6284:
6135:
6125:
6085:
5870:
5777:
5445:
Wang, "Political Relationship Between the Chinese, Tibetan and Arab", p. 30–31.
5256:
4515:
4451:
4445:
4226:
4183:
3543:
3142:
3132:
3015:
2997:
2988:
2934:
2898:
2692:
2668:
2653:
2643:
2342:
2166:' (China) army". Having heard these words my kagan said: "I will be a kagan .."
1697:
1669:
1645:
1289:
1181:
710:
340:
292:
166:
12075:
12058:
11945:
11740:
11713:
11686:
11664:
11642:
11409:
11392:
11377:
11221:
11174:
11162:
11088:
10980:
10854:
10849:
10824:
10706:
10490:
10352:
10258:
10209:
10140:
10035:
10027:
9931:
9901:
9814:
9774:
9643:
9633:
9436:
9325:
9224:
9179:
9052:
8974:
8970:
8940:
8884:
8869:
8834:
8741:
8657:
8637:
8622:
8300:
8246:
8201:
8042:
8000:
7865:
7687:
7654:
7550:
7544:
7430:
7357:
7160:
7113:
7005:
6837:
6822:
6754:
6513:
6279:
6251:
6236:
6196:
6095:
5950:
5935:
5890:
5590:
5498:
5278:
is possibly clerical error for Nushibi (弩失畢) txt: "永徽中，西突厥阿史那賀魯以處月、處蜜、姑蘇、歌邏祿、
5199:
5119:
5014:
4480:
4439:
4246:
4208:
3868:
3808:
3610:
3599:
3449:
3192:
2791:
2612:
2564:
2559:
2497:
2281:
1861:
1688:. If trade on this route later increased (uncertain) it would have benefited
1513:
1380:
1270:
1215:
1065:
1017:
935:
230:
11486:
11466:
5337:
Wang, "Political Relationship Between the Chinese, Tibetan and Arab", p. 29.
5229:
Wang, "Political Relationship Between the Chinese, Tibetan and Arab", p. 28.
2094:
Buyruqs…, Inner Buyruqs, led by Sebek Kul Erkin, all Buyruq beks! My father.
1812:
11950:
11691:
11681:
11647:
11576:
11571:
11498:
11288:
11270:
11231:
11226:
11206:
11201:
11073:
11066:
11056:
11051:
11046:
10940:
10878:
10859:
10844:
10780:
10561:
10229:
10094:
10087:
10080:
10022:
9906:
9863:
9834:
9829:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9622:
9408:
9036:
8978:
8962:
8924:
8776:
8746:
8297:
8285:
8253:
8229:
8213:
8210:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8162:
8012:
7970:
7821:
7812:
7734:
7657:
7648:
7538:
7083:
7050:
7030:
6935:
6842:
6797:
6774:
6691:
6586:
6503:
6493:
6385:
6120:
6115:
6105:
6065:
6005:
5970:
5895:
5773:
5572:"Reading the Afrasiab Murals: Some Comments on Reconstructions and Details"
5181:"Reading the Afrasiab Murals: Some Comments on Reconstructions and Details"
4408:
4106:
3878:
3798:
3727:
3573:
3285:
3252:
3181:
2746:
2649:
2639:
2531:
2471:
2327:
2322:
2062:
1942:
1941:, and the lower-ranking Nushibi in west were probably initially made up of
1754:
1629:
1458:
1454:
1438:
1376:
1235:
1145:
and withdrew to Bactria, where fragments of this people remained until the
1110:
899:
895:
878:
and Mongols were the only two empires to rule both the eastern and central
831:
815:
782:
729:
608:
525:
197:
82:
10073:
5805:
5483:"Afrasiab Wall-Paintings Revisited: New Discoveries Twenty-Five Years Old"
2587:
1781:
1214:
ruler named Sri Ranasrikari "The Lord who brings excellence through war" (
11669:
11654:
11503:
11216:
11125:
11115:
11041:
10689:
10684:
10295:
10244:
10239:
10214:
10125:
10060:
10055:
9992:
9911:
9891:
9793:
9612:
9264:
9209:
8914:
8844:
8309:
8306:
8258:
8188:
8131:
8027:
8018:
7973:
7958:
7949:
7943:
7818:
7785:
7743:
7713:
7710:
7677:
7645:
7529:
7175:
7108:
7060:
7025:
7000:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6945:
6940:
6895:
6875:
6867:
6696:
6681:
6631:
6621:
6576:
6533:
6309:
6304:
6269:
6070:
6025:
5965:
5272:
4537:. Vienna, Austria: Kunsthistorisches Museum, Coin Cabinet. Archived from
4500:
4426:
4420:
4389:
4222:
4203:
3858:
3224:
2710:
2579:
2551:
2536:
2350:
2314:
2265:
2234:
2132:
1758:
1727:
1685:
1442:
1434:
1422:
1415:
1285:
1243:
1201:
1114:
943:
931:
819:
421:
323:
5598:
5506:
5482:
5207:
5127:
5006:
1311:
11696:
11513:
11387:
11347:
11280:
10387:
10155:
10066:
10050:
9916:
9896:
9854:
9592:
9557:
9413:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9254:
8592:
8303:
8225:
8168:
8150:
8036:
8033:
8015:
8006:
7997:
7994:
7952:
7940:
7934:
7919:
7886:
7874:
7850:
7829:
7788:
7779:
7776:
7770:
7752:
7722:
7642:
7553:
7460:
7055:
6880:
6812:
6807:
6734:
6716:
6676:
6661:
6641:
6606:
6591:
6553:
6543:
6528:
6518:
6485:
6372:
6299:
6075:
5975:
5905:
5298:之眾" tr. " governed the mass, of the Chuyue, Chumi, Gusu, Geluolu, and
4681:
4111:
4068:
3561:
3510:
3437:
3297:
2523:
2505:
2479:
2102:
From sons of Ten Arrows to wives, see this. Erected stone inscriptions…
2045:
1908:
1437:
in 670 and 677 but were repelled by the Tang. In 679, the Tang general
1274:
1266:
1211:
1057:
759:
755:
9219:
6259:
5347:
3309:
1001:
11586:
11357:
11241:
11211:
10992:
10866:
10657:
10177:
10170:
9638:
9617:
9582:
9577:
9526:
9486:
9471:
9441:
9344:
9295:
9204:
8966:
8879:
8839:
8760:
8756:
8115:
8099:
8045:
7991:
7961:
7955:
7946:
7931:
7925:
7815:
7758:
7740:
7541:
7439:
6975:
6925:
6857:
6792:
6739:
6729:
6701:
6636:
6581:
6571:
6508:
6498:
6344:
6221:
6181:
6110:
5960:
4251:
3425:
3273:
3097:
3073:
2845:
2755:
2136:
1993:
1977:
1886:
1789:
1769:
1735:
1704:
1681:
1673:
1563:
1559:
1508:
In 679, Turkic chieftain Ashide Wenfu rebelled. Protectorate general
1305:
1304:. The Tang dynasty exercised control over the area until the time of
1150:
1134:
923:
919:
915:
883:
867:
859:
855:
847:
713:
394:
336:
9840:
9627:
8217:
5370:
4673:
2430:
2260:
2226:
1931:
1899:
The first statement dates their origin back to the beginning of the
1592:
452:
10987:
10770:
10728:
10667:
10505:
10332:
10312:
10184:
9669:
9602:
9547:
9496:
9451:
9300:
9274:
9249:
9199:
9174:
8991:
8804:
8768:
8752:
8147:
8137:
8119:
8009:
7967:
7928:
7922:
7883:
7880:
7847:
7797:
7680:
7535:
7532:
7448:
7445:
7325:
7310:
7035:
7015:
6616:
6440:
6354:
6289:
6060:
5708:
5649:
5077:
4990:
4322:
4236:
4126:
3723:
3498:
3167:
3069:
2782:
2719:
2151:
2143:
1719:
Soldier in lamellar armour and helmet, as a Buddhist devotee, from
1596:
1583:
1579:
1532:
1400:
1396:
1231:
1138:
927:
911:
891:
875:
851:
818:
in 552 on the Mongolian Plateau and quickly spread west toward the
771:
390:
386:
272:
7512:
7500:
5650:"The Imperial Titles on the Coins of the Western Turkic Qaghanate"
3087:
1723:, at the time of the Western Turkic Khaganate, 6th-7th century CE.
10900:
10829:
10785:
10640:
10540:
10530:
9679:
9659:
9572:
9189:
9184:
9164:
9117:
8986:
8904:
8849:
8829:
8809:
8799:
8764:
8140:
8048:
8003:
7988:
7982:
7976:
7853:
7671:
7476:
7465:
7436:
7315:
6915:
6910:
6852:
6787:
6671:
6656:
6523:
6400:
6390:
6339:
5945:
5243:
4495:
4078:
3818:
3714:
3474:
3261:
2836:
2800:
2764:
2737:
2728:
2701:
2626:
2616:
2040:
1919:
1870:
1844:
For the origin of the Onoq two contradicting accounts are given:
1829:
1793:
1785:
1772:. The Turk-Byzantine alliance was revived in the 620s during the
1720:
1693:
1689:
1517:
1446:
1258:
1230:(618–630) ruled from the Tarim basin to the Caspian Sea, and met
1126:
1118:
1049:
985:
834:
began to interfere. The Tang destroyed the Khaganate in 657–659.
763:
747:
717:
566:
351:
283:
10701:
1218:). In this realistic portrait, he wears the Turkic double-lapel
846:
Western Turk officers, one of them labeled as coming from Argi (
10733:
10608:
10566:
10525:
10500:
10485:
10322:
10002:
9870:
9705:
9664:
9446:
9403:
9353:
9214:
9169:
9159:
9143:
9137:
9122:
9112:
8948:
8909:
8899:
8864:
8264:
8233:
8143:
8112:
8106:
8083:
7985:
7979:
7937:
7841:
7663:
7623:
7488:
7442:
7320:
6817:
6749:
6380:
6314:
6226:
5940:
5259:
199, Gusu (姑蘇) is mistakenly rendered as Shisu (始蘇) in section
5239:
5101:"Early Medieval Chachian Coins with Lyre and Ram Horns Tamghas"
4131:
4073:
3788:
3745:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2367:
2122:
2058:
2054:
1750:
1742:
1661:
1419:
1219:
1185:
1142:
1122:
903:
887:
879:
826:
were independent. The Western Khaganate reached its peak under
672:
401:
241:
155:
113:
11367:
10535:
10515:
10510:
10495:
10327:
10317:
9987:
9819:
9674:
9259:
9194:
8929:
8204:
8039:
8021:
6646:
6538:
6465:
6415:
6264:
5910:
3413:
3101:
3083:
2773:
2425:
2402:
2377:
2252:
2163:
2050:
1904:
1866:
1825:
1746:
1549:
1404:
1297:
1254:
1173:
1165:
775:
751:
464:
432:
356:
5549:. British Library. Serindia Publications, Inc. p. 112.
4765:. British Library. Serindia Publications, Inc. p. 110.
4600:, Larissa Baratova, "Encyclopedia Iranica", (July 20, 2005).
2193:
1292:(651–58) who, after about six years of war, was defeated at
1133:, with the Persians at approximately their present border.
9743:
9715:
9491:
7892:
7616:
7482:
7471:
7454:
7070:
6832:
5880:
3754:
3736:
2015:
1633:
1277:(638–42), son of the final eastern Khagan, was brought in.
1184:(603–611) was driven out of Dzungaria and then defeated by
1130:
10577:
5423:"a hoard, a buried treasure". See Clauson, Gerard. (1972)
5317:
General Turkish History Sources: Ordu Workshop Proceedings
4840:
All sources have Oxus border; 571 Treaty is Gumulyov only.
2660:
2282:
Khagans during the independent Western Khaganate (603–658)
1449:. Pei Xingjian fought successfully against an invasion of
10520:
5290:
and rebelled"; a similar list is included in Jiu Tangshu
2188:
1816:
Tang dynasty military campaigns against the Western Turks
1191:
5418:
5412:
5044:
5042:
1946:
1874:
697:
5776:, The Ancient Turks, 1967 (long account in Russian at:
5346:
1. Chumukun (处木昆) 2. Huluju (胡禄居) 3. Shesheti (摄舍提) 4.
4885:
4858:
4603:
2033:
1832:, with the central pole symbolizing the rulership of a
1529:
ethnically Turkic Tang soldiers stationed in the region
9701:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
5787:
ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity
5425:
An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-13th Century Turkish
5770:, History of Central Asia, volume 2, pp. 174–206
5480:
5453:
5451:
5328:
Xue, "A History of Turks", p. 271, 273, 275, 300–301.
5039:
1880:
1753:
called Anagai captured the Crimean Byzantine town of
1628:
in alliance with the Persians, the Turks crushed the
1312:
Tang campaigns against the Western Turks (640–657 CE)
1172:. In 588/89 the Turks were defeated by Persians near
9152:
1467:
Statue of a Western Turk Khagan at the Chinese court
1967:
1761:. This marks the westernmost extent of Turk power.
1660:major incursion into the Black Sea area, including
1410:The wars against the Western Turks continued under
781:The Western Turkic Khaganate was subjugated by the
318:(light brown), and their southern expansion as the
7281:
5654:History of Central Asia in Modern Medieval Studies
5448:
5427:. Oxford University Press. In English. p. 221, 225
4967:Zhou, Xiuqin (University of Pennsylvania) (2009).
2038:In the mural, the Western Turks are ethnic Turks,
1238:to fight in Afghanistan, where he established the
1168:(575–603). About 581 he intervened in the eastern
854:), attending the reception of ambassadors by king
5729:
5693:Altbuddhistische Kultstätten Chinesisch Turkistan
4991:"Some Remarks on the Headgear of the Royal Türks"
4969:"Zhaoling: The Mausoleum of Emperor Tang Taizong"
2683:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
1520:who was jealous about his victories in the West.
1428:
837:
12073:
5522:"Maracanda/Samarkand, une métropole pré-mongole"
5408:"to collect or assemble (things Acc.)"; compare
5371:"On the Titulature of Western Turkic Chieftains"
5359:1. A-Xijie (阿悉结) 2. Geshu (哥舒) 3. Basegan (拔塞干).
1741:In 576, Valentinus led a Byzantine mission to a
1273:(634–38). There was a Dulu-Nushibi conflict and
890:and China. Their expansion west from modern-day
307:Greatest extent of the Western Turkic Khaganate
37:
5733:Die buddhistische spätantike in Mittelasien, VI
5730:Le Coq, Albert von; Waldschmidt, Ernst (1922).
5154:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 555–556, Fig. 3.73a.
4704:
4702:
4700:
1632:, after which a Turco-Persian border along the
1578:A Turkic nobleman with long plaited hair, from
938:and others. These seem to have merged into the
5790:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256.
5368:
1768:by the Turks, in 588–589, was defeated by the
1414:, and the khaganate was annexed after General
922:, north of Tashkent to the western tip of the
10593:
9759:
8391:
7267:
5821:
5481:Arzhantseva, Irina; Inevatkina, Olga (2006).
4369:
4318:Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
4009:
3638:
1558:Turkic officers during an audience with king
1090:
493:3,500,000 km (1,400,000 sq mi)
12050:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
9734:State with limited international recognition
5381:. Wiesbaden: Otto-Harassowitz Verlag: 79–80.
5152:Early Buddhist art of China and Central Asia
4697:
1668:A first Turk legation (or embassy) to reach
1595:ruled the Khaganate from a winter camp near
1141:. In 565, the Hephthalites were defeated at
7574:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
5835:
5641:
5546:The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith
5404:collected together in one place" from root
4762:The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith
4653:
1433:The Western Turks attempted to capture the
1280:The factions quarreled and the Nushibi and
1159:
822:. Within 35 years the western half and the
10600:
10586:
9766:
9752:
8398:
8384:
7274:
7260:
5828:
5814:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5271:According to Erkoç (2019), Beishi (卑失) in
5052:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set
4995:Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology
4943:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
4821:Baumer has defeated Rouran and Ephthalites
4789:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
4623:The History of the Central Asian Republics
4376:
4362:
4016:
4002:
3645:
3631:
1992:Seated Turkic attendants, at the court of
1945:conscripts and their shads held the title
1784:. The Turks stormed the great fortress of
1550:Relations with the Persians and Byzantines
1351:
1097:
1083:
926:. They drove before them various peoples:
754:(principal capital), both situated in the
7139:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
5783:
5689:
5542:
4946:. Columbia University Press. p. 33.
4792:. Columbia University Press. p. 31.
4755:
4659:
4609:
2194:Yabgus during the United Empire (553–603)
2080:Bilge Khagan inscription, main side, 16:
1807:
1707:. A Chinese general complained that the:
8681:
5706:
5666:
5624:
5457:
5075:
4939:
4785:
4476:Tang campaigns against the Western Turks
2179:Tonyukuk inscription, main side, 42–43:
2116:
2098:Bilge Khagan inscription, 2nd side: 15:
1987:
1971:
1922:(弩失毕) tribes. Syriac and Greek sources (
1819:
1811:
1714:
1573:
1553:
1371:Tang campaigns against the Western Turks
1205:
841:
11874:
8352:
7394:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
6986:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
5876:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
5740:
5647:
5436:Xue, "A History of Turks", p. 272, 314.
5220:Xue, "A History of Turks", p. 271, 300.
5098:
4398:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
2661:Khagans under Tang suzerainty (657–742)
2106:
2089:Bilge Khagan inscription, 1st side, 1:
1903:with Istämi, younger brother of Tumen (
553:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
14:
12074:
8290:
8243:
8178:
8118:Kungas Brahmi Buddhatala Varhran (II)
7410:
7372:
7338:
7241:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
5723:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5519:
5055:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 243.
5048:
2189:Rulers of the Western Turkic Khaganate
2069:
1326:
1192:Yabghus of Tokharistan and Turk Shahis
239:
186:
153:
10581:
9747:
8379:
8341:
8318:
8276:
8159:
8128:
8096:
8080:
8052:
7902:
7890:
7862:
7698:
7668:
7661:
7621:
7614:
7510:
7480:
7469:
7452:
7420:
7392:
7390:
7255:
5809:
4988:
4879:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
2170:Tonyukuk inscription, main side, 33:
2158:Tonyukuk inscription, main side, 30:
1340:
902:gave the west to his younger brother
290:
281:
270:
259:
228:
195:
175:
164:
131:
111:
8288:Ishbara Yabgu Wu-shih-po Pantu Nili
5736:. Berlin, D. Reimer pp. 80–81.
5569:
5526:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales
5178:
5149:
4966:
4294:Xinjiang Province, Republic of China
2034:Ethnic and sartorial characteristics
914:, probably on a line from the lower
690:
248:
206:
142:
120:
38:
12112:Historical transcontinental empires
12107:Former countries in Chinese history
7196:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
5605:
5049:Baumer, Christoph (18 April 2018).
4912:
1776:before the Arab conquests. In 627
1391:, campaigns were dispatched in the
1222:. Late 7th to early 8th century CE.
942:whom the Gokturks drove across the
739:The whole confederation was called
724:(founded in the 6th century on the
217:
24:
7911:
7569:
7511:
7342:Chronology of the Neolithic period
7191:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
6192:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
5242:沙陀) 2. Chumi (處蜜) 3. Gusu (姑蘇) 4.
4960:
4849:Göbl 1967, 254; Vondrovec tyre 254
4740:
2678:
2049:typically wear three or five long
1962:
1894:Tongdian, 193 and Jiu Tangshu, 194
1854:Tongdian, 193 and Jiu Tangshu, 194
1582:. Coin of the Turkic dynasties of
1269:(633–34), followed by his brother
866:, 7th century CE. The Turks had a
709:'Ten arrow people') was a
25:
12128:
7916:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
6602:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
4913:Ven, Hans van de (26 July 2021).
4894:. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna
4867:. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna
4733:Christopher I. Beckwith, (1993),
4329:Production and Construction Corps
1676:in 563. A Sogdian merchant named
8723:
8407:
8353:
7499:
7397:
4486:Qaghans of the Turkic khaganates
4323:Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
4164:Medieval and early modern period
4052:
3681:
1968:Afrasiab murals (7th century CE)
1774:last great Byzantine-Persian war
1485:
1473:
1319:
641:
627:
613:
599:
585:
571:
557:
532:
518:
105:
99:
10383:Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription
9706:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
8359:Rulers of the Ancient Near-East
7201:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
6471:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
5700:
5683:
5660:
5563:
5536:
5513:
5474:
5439:
5430:
5398:
5391:likely of Iranian origin, from
5385:
5375:Archivum Eurasiae Archivi Aevii
5369:Dobrovits, Mihály (2014–2015).
5362:
5353:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5305:
5265:
5249:
5232:
5223:
5214:
5172:
5143:
5134:
5108:American Journal of Numismatics
5092:
5069:
5021:
4982:
4933:
4906:
4852:
4843:
4834:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4779:
4343:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
1480:Front, with double-parked tunic
1387:in order to weaken both. Under
1242:, who themselves projected the
1164:Istami was followed by his son
8336:Muslim conquest of Transoxiana
7236:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
7181:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
5319:Ordu. p. 107–109. (in Turkish)
5282:叛", tr. "In the middle of the
4861:"The Countenance of the other"
4727:
4688:
4641:
4628:
4615:
4589:
4434:Mengchi Protectorate (657–742)
4403:Kunling Protectorate (657–736)
1934:'s lifetime and at his death.
1618:Volga River (by defeating the
1429:Tang protectorate (657–742 CE)
838:Western expansion (552–575 CE)
746:The khaganate's capitals were
677:
13:
1:
10406:Battle of Gol-Zarriun/Bukhara
9696:Organization of Turkic States
6187:Silk Road transmission of art
5656:. Tashkent: Yangi Nashr: 331.
5579:Rivista degli studi orientali
5487:Rivista degli studi orientali
5188:Rivista degli studi orientali
4648:The Cambridge History of Iran
4636:Central Asia in World History
4577:
4491:History of the central steppe
2669:History of the Turkic peoples
2461:Yǐpí (shā)bōluō sìyèhù Kèhán
2121:A Turk (center) mourning the
790:
308:
9773:
7186:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
5784:Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017).
5760:
5667:Yatsenko, Sergey A. (2009).
5625:Yatsenko, Sergey A. (2004).
5458:Yatsenko, Sergey A. (2009).
5419:
5413:
4694:V. Thomsen, Turcica, p. 4–17
4582:
4521:Timeline of Turks (500–1300)
2146:inscription, main side, 19:
1947:
1875:
1766:major incursion into Bactria
698:
27:581–742 CE monarchical state
7:
10607:
10453:Tang Western Turk campaigns
5350:- (突骑施-) 5. Shunishi (鼠尼施).
4940:Millward, James A. (2007).
4786:Millward, James A. (2007).
4464:
4310:2nd East Turkestan Republic
4305:1st East Turkestan Republic
3475:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
3322:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation
1881:
1453:led by Western Turkic Khan
1050:Cuman–Kipchak confederation
910:and by 555 had reached the
770:'s summer capital was near
10:
12133:
10443:Tang Eastern Turk campaign
10363:Turks in the Tang military
10043:Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
8146:Lakhana Udayaditya Aduman
7403:
7352:(Eastern migration of the
7351:
5690:Grünwedel, Albert (1912).
5648:Babayar, Gaybulla (2013).
5029:"New Book of Tang Vol.108"
4916:Warfare in Chinese History
4526:
4506:Turks in the Tang military
4387:
3082:Chief gods and goddesses:
2623:Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
2110:
2073:
2003:
1368:
1195:
803:
799:
12092:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
12043:
11995:
11512:
10916:
10615:
10549:
10478:
10396:
10305:
10208:
10104:
9976:
9880:
9781:
9729:
9688:
9652:
9535:
9509:
9422:
9374:
9367:
9288:
9237:
8732:
8721:
8421:
8332:
8322:Muslim conquest of Persia
8273:
8240:
8175:
8156:
8125:
8093:
7899:
7859:
7838:
7835:
7828:
7633:
7562:
7507:
7427:
7374:
7348:
7336:
7324:
7319:
7290:
7101:
7069:
6866:
6773:
6715:
6687:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
6552:
6484:
6371:
6353:
6250:
6212:
6205:
6169:
5843:
5707:Yatsenko, Sergey (2013).
5543:Whitfield, Susan (2004).
5150:Rhie, Marylin M. (2002).
5099:Fedorov, Michael (2011).
5076:Yatsenko, Sergey (2013).
4634:Peter B. Golden, (2011),
4339:Xinjiang internment camps
3503:11th century–13th century
2305:
2299:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2217:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2200:
1802:conquered most of Armenia
1757:and failed at a siege of
1654:Turks at war with Persia;
1636:lasted several decades; *
732:), into a western and an
668:
497:
489:
484:
474:
470:
458:
446:
442:
431:
427:
415:
411:
400:
382:
363:
347:
332:
94:
50:
32:
12087:Western Turkic Khaganate
9978:Western Turkic Khaganate
9882:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
9311:Timeline of the Göktürks
7134:Mogao Christian painting
6707:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
6421:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
6411:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
5238:1. Chuyue (處月, later as
4471:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
4147:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
4142:Western Turkic Khaganate
3586:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
3232:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
3211:Western Turkic Khaganate
3157:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
2113:Bain Tsokto inscriptions
1160:Late period (575–630 CE)
1042:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
978:Western Turkic Khaganate
970:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
824:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
806:Timeline of the Göktürks
661:Western Turkic Khaganate
435:of the Western Khaganate
404:of the Western Khaganate
34:Western Turkic Khaganate
10106:Second Turkic Khaganate
8345:Second Turkic Khaganate
7231:Saksanokhur gold buckle
7119:Hephthalite silver bowl
6996:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
6036:Second Turkic Khaganate
5837:History of Central Asia
5520:Grenet, Frantz (2004).
4152:Second Turkic Khaganate
3946:History of Central Asia
3240:Second Turkic Khaganate
1873:tribes, headed by five
1736:Sassanian Persian court
1282:Emperor Taizong of Tang
994:Second Turkic Khaganate
955:Early Turkic Khaganates
774:and his winter capital
637:Second Turkic Khaganate
9783:First Turkic Khaganate
9025:Bosnia and Herzegovina
8182:First Turkic Khaganate
7917:
7637:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
7575:
7516:
7326:Trans-Jaxartes steppes
7211:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
6971:Alexandria Prophthasia
5996:First Turkic Khaganate
5931:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
4919:. BRILL. p. 119.
4662:Social Science History
4621:Peter Roudik, (2007),
4137:First Turkic Khaganate
3402:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
3203:First Turkic Khaganate
2684:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2156:
2140:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2001:
1985:
1901:First Turkic Qaghanate
1897:
1857:
1841:
1817:
1808:The Onoq or ten tribes
1724:
1713:
1587:
1571:
1492:Back, with long braids
1441:led an army as far as
1302:Four Garrisons of Anxi
1294:Battle of Irtysh River
1246:as far east as India.
1240:Yabghus of Tokharistan
1223:
1178:First Perso-Turkic War
962:First Turkic Khaganate
894:is poorly documented.
871:
812:first Turkic Khaganate
722:First Turkic Khaganate
540:First Turkic Khaganate
62:First Turkic Khaganate
12020:Medieval great powers
10373:Tonyukuk inscriptions
10358:Shoroon Bumbagar tomb
9522:Proto-Turkic language
9153:Extinct Turkic groups
7915:
7573:
7515:
7021:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
6396:Karsakpay inscription
5851:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
5570:Mode, Markus (2006).
5179:Mode, Markus (2006).
4989:Stark, Sören (2009).
4597:TURKO-SOGDIAN COINAGE
3511:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
3143:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
2682:
2652:693–700 (allied with
2642:676–679 (allied with
2181:
2172:
2160:
2150:I reached my army to
2148:
2120:
2100:
2091:
2082:
1991:
1975:
1858:
1846:
1823:
1815:
1718:
1709:
1577:
1557:
1209:
898:gives the following.
845:
750:(summer capital) and
364:Common languages
58:administrative region
12030:European colonialism
12015:Ancient great powers
10411:Göktürk–Persian wars
10251:Mengchi Protectorate
10222:Kunling Protectorate
9721:World Turks Qurultai
7284:Ancient Central Asia
6828:Kutlug Timur Minaret
6363:Noin-Ula burial site
6161:Chinese Central Asia
5311:Erkoç, H. I. (2019)
5300:Nushibi -five clans-
5294:txt. "統處月、處蜜、姑蘇、歌邏祿、
5246:(葛邏祿) 5. Beishi (卑失)
4976:Sino-Platonic Papers
4892:Pro.geo.univie.ac.at
4865:Pro.geo.univie.ac.at
4394:Beiting Protectorate
2128:Maya Cave (Cave 224)
2107:Tonyukuk inscription
1780:sent out his nephew
1612:Aral Sea (probably);
1544:Second Turkic Empire
1403:in 644 and 648, and
1308:'s rebellion (756).
12025:Modern great powers
10557:Göktürk family tree
10348:Orkhon inscriptions
10338:Old Turkic language
10146:Kutluk Yabgu Khagan
9462:Karachay-Cherkessia
8025:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
7221:Siberian Ice Maiden
7011:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
6426:Petrovka settlement
6156:Soviet Central Asia
6081:Great Seljuq Empire
5288:Beishi -five clans-
5007:10.1484/J.JIAA.3.25
4541:on 17 February 2021
4237:Ming ruled Kara Del
4194:Kara-Khanid Khanate
3910:Colonization period
3849:Kara-Khanid Khanate
3391:Eastern Kara-Khanid
3384:Western Kara-Khanid
3370:Kara-Khanid Khanate
2076:Orkhon inscriptions
2070:Orkhon Inscriptions
1586:. Circa 605–630 CE.
1034:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1018:Karluk Yabghu State
359:(principal capital)
12102:581 establishments
10192:Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun
10008:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
9925:Ashina Jiesheshuai
9653:Traditional sports
9457:Kabardino-Balkaria
9077:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
8268:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
7918:
7576:
7565:Hellenistic Period
7517:
7376:Afanasievo culture
7171:Buddhas of Bamiyan
7124:Chilek silver bowl
6991:Buddhas of Bamiyan
6667:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
6456:Talapty Settlement
6242:Filippovka kurgans
6131:Khanate of Bukhara
6091:Khwarazmian Empire
6016:Ikhshids of Sogdia
5861:Afanasievo culture
4511:Turkic interregnum
4170:Tang Protectorates
3487:Khwarazmian Empire
3358:Karluk Yabgu State
3096:Epics and heroes:
2685:
2569:Yǐpí shèkuì Kèhán
2393:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
2308:(Chinese reading)
2302:(Chinese reading)
2220:(Chinese reading)
2214:(Chinese reading)
2184:Ten Arrows people.
2141:
2002:
1986:
1928:Menander Protector
1865:consisted of five
1842:
1818:
1792:who was besieging
1778:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
1725:
1588:
1572:
1500:Qianling Mausoleum
1228:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
1224:
872:
828:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
72:independent empire
12069:
12068:
11991:
11990:
11956:Polish–Lithuanian
11131:Gurjara-Pratihara
10575:
10574:
10438:Göktürk civil war
10433:Goguryeo–Tang War
10378:Ongin inscription
10343:Old Turkic script
10281:Anxi Protectorate
9741:
9740:
9517:Old Turkic script
9505:
9504:
9316:Timeline 500–1300
9233:
9232:
8719:
8718:
8578:Kipchak languages
8533:Karamanli Turkish
8373:
8372:
8368:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8295:Irbis Bolun Cabgu
8056:Kushano-Sasanians
7521:Achaemenid Empire
7412:Andronovo Culture
7249:
7248:
7226:Ai-Khanoum plaque
7097:
7096:
6901:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
6177:Central Asian art
6151:Russian Turkestan
6146:Chinese Turkestan
6046:Abbasid Caliphate
6010:Anxi Protectorate
5956:Kushano-Sasanians
5921:Macedonian Empire
5916:Achaemenid Empire
5886:Andronovo culture
5866:Sintashta culture
5556:978-1-932476-13-2
5161:978-90-04-11499-9
5062:978-1-83860-868-2
4953:978-0-231-13924-3
4926:978-90-04-48294-4
4799:978-0-231-13924-3
4772:978-1-932476-13-2
4562:External link in
4386:
4385:
4334:Xinjiang conflict
4102:Kingdom of Khotan
4026:
4025:
3991:
3990:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3935:Great game period
3929:
3928:
3921:Russian Turkestan
3891:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3839:Oghuz Yabgu State
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3706:Oxus Civilization
3655:
3654:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3562:Qarlughid Kingdom
3528:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3426:Pecheneg Khanates
3419:
3407:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3346:Oghuz Yabgu State
3339:
3327:
3315:
3310:Türgesh Khaganate
3303:
3291:
3279:
3267:
3244:
3236:
3215:
3207:
3173:
3148:
3123:
3122:
3050:
3049:
2862:
2861:
2673:
2604:
2603:
2541:Yǐpí duōlù Kèhán
2454:Tong Yabgu Qaghan
2279:
2278:
2242:Shìdiǎn mì Kèhán
2006:Afrasiab painting
2000:, 7th century CE.
1984:, 7th century CE.
1170:Göktürk civil war
1109:At this time the
1107:
1106:
1026:Oghuz Yabgu State
1002:Türgesh Khaganate
762:, to the east of
734:eastern Khaganate
726:Mongolian Plateau
708:
696:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
581:Oghuz Yabgu State
545:
544:
479:Early Middle Ages
373:
372:coinage, official
316:Battle of Bukhara
16:(Redirected from
12124:
11872:
11871:
11537:Austro-Hungarian
11237:Chagatai Khanate
10602:
10595:
10588:
10579:
10578:
10470:Battle of Bolchu
10465:Li-Sun rebellion
10018:Sy Yabghu Khagan
9768:
9761:
9754:
9745:
9744:
9563:Tibetan Buddhism
9543:Turkic mythology
9424:Autonomous areas
9376:Sovereign states
9372:
9371:
9150:
9149:
9132:
9107:
9004:
8981:
8943:
8894:
8859:
8820:Crimean Karaites
8794:
8771:
8727:
8679:
8678:
8558:Khorasani Turkic
8412:
8411:
8410:
8400:
8393:
8386:
8377:
8376:
8357:
8171:Kun-khi Ghadfar
8001:Bahram VI Chobin
7872:Kujula Kadphises
7503:
7401:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7253:
7252:
7216:Seal of Khingila
7144:Penjikent murals
6765:Kalai Kafirnigan
6652:Koi Krylgan Kala
6461:Turkistan (city)
6446:Steppe Geoglyphs
6210:
6209:
6141:Khanate of Khiva
6101:Chagatai Khanate
6056:Saffarid dynasty
6041:Uyghur Khaganate
5830:
5823:
5816:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5768:Christoph Baumer
5754:
5751:
5738:
5737:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5719:: 72, image 7.3.
5704:
5698:
5697:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5622:
5603:
5602:
5576:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5455:
5446:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5402:
5396:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5351:
5344:
5338:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5320:
5309:
5303:
5269:
5263:
5253:
5247:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5185:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5105:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5088:: 72, image 5.7.
5073:
5067:
5066:
5046:
5037:
5036:
5025:
5019:
5018:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4973:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4757:Whitfield, Susan
4753:
4738:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4712:. Archived from
4706:
4695:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4632:
4626:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4593:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4263:Dzungar genocide
4217:Chagatai Khanate
4199:Kingdom of Qocho
4189:Uyghur Khaganate
4090:Han Protectorate
4056:
4046:
4028:
4027:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3971:
3970:
3942:
3941:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3685:
3675:
3657:
3656:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3614:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3526:
3514:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3464:Sultanate of Rum
3453:
3441:
3438:Ghaznavid Empire
3429:
3417:
3405:
3373:
3361:
3349:
3337:
3334:Uyghur Khaganate
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3262:Khazar Khaganate
3242:
3234:
3213:
3205:
3171:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3133:Pre-14th century
3110:Major concepts:
3065:
3064:
3060:Turkic Mythology
2877:
2876:
2872:Turkic Languages
2855:Crimean Karaites
2792:Cherniye Klobuki
2698:
2697:
2672:pre–14th century
2671:
2665:
2664:
2446:Sy Yabghu Khagan
2435:Qūlìqí pí Kèhán
2407:Tǒng yèhù Kèhán
2286:
2285:
2198:
2197:
2020:silkworm cocoons
2018:and a string of
1950:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1855:
1568:Afrasiyab murals
1489:
1477:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1070:
1062:
1058:Ghaznavid Empire
1054:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1010:Uyghur Khaganate
1006:
998:
990:
986:Khazar Khaganate
982:
974:
966:
949:
948:
795:
792:
787:Khazar Khaganate
703:
701:
695:romanized:
694:
692:
691:𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣
679:
670:
645:
644:
631:
630:
617:
616:
603:
602:
595:Khazar Khaganate
589:
588:
575:
574:
561:
560:
549:
548:
536:
535:
522:
521:
515:
514:
499:
498:
371:
354:(summer capital)
326:(lighter brown)
313:
310:
299:
297:
288:
286:
279:
277:
268:
266:
257:
255:
246:
244:
237:
235:
226:
224:
215:
213:
204:
202:
193:
191:
184:
182:
173:
171:
162:
160:
151:
149:
140:
138:
137:TURKIC KHAGANATE
129:
127:
126:TURKIC KHAGANATE
118:
116:
109:
103:
86:
85:
74:
73:
65:
64:
41:
40:
39:𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣
30:
29:
21:
12132:
12131:
12127:
12126:
12125:
12123:
12122:
12121:
12072:
12071:
12070:
12065:
12054:American Empire
12039:
12035:African empires
11987:
11870:
11562:Central African
11508:
11326:Romano-Germanic
10912:
10646:Middle Assyrian
10619:
10611:
10606:
10576:
10571:
10545:
10474:
10398:
10392:
10306:Göktürk culture
10301:
10290:Tokhara Yabghus
10235:Ashina Yuanqing
10212:
10204:
10199:El Bilga Khatun
10121:Qapaghan Qaghan
10116:Ilterish Qaghan
10108:
10100:
9980:
9972:
9884:
9876:
9785:
9777:
9772:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9725:
9684:
9648:
9531:
9501:
9418:
9399:Northern Cyprus
9363:
9349:Altai Mountains
9284:
9229:
9148:
9128:
9073:North Macedonia
9015:
8996:
8953:
8939:
8935:Siberian Tatars
8890:
8875:Khorasani Turks
8855:
8782:
8751:
8728:
8715:
8677:
8598:Ottoman Turkish
8518:Karachay-Balkar
8417:
8408:
8406:
8404:
8374:
8369:
8347:
8338:
8324:
8284:
8282:
8280:Tokhara Yabghus
8257:
8252:(vassal of the
8251:
8249:
8186:
8184:
8167:
8165:
8136:
8134:
8104:
8102:
8088:
8086:
8060:
8058:
8031:Farrukh Hormizd
7910:
7908:
7906:Sasanian Empire
7870:
7868:
7846:
7844:
7726:Mithridates III
7706:
7704:
7702:Parthian Empire
7690:
7684:
7683:
7676:
7674:
7641:
7639:
7599:Seleucid Empire
7595:
7568:
7566:
7525:
7523:
7498:
7495:Pazyryk Culture
7492:
7486:
7475:
7464:
7458:
7435:
7433:
7396:
7381:Proto-Tocharian
7378:
7364:,as far as the
7362:Eurasian Steppe
7354:Yamnaya culture
7331:Altai Mountains
7301:
7286:
7280:
7250:
7245:
7206:Afrasiab murals
7149:Sampul tapestry
7093:
7089:Shahr-e Sukhteh
7079:Bandian complex
7065:
7041:Musalla Complex
6921:Tapa-i Kafariha
6862:
6783:Cave of Dzhebel
6769:
6711:
6548:
6480:
6476:Araltobe kurgan
6367:
6349:
6275:Kizilgaha caves
6246:
6232:Pazyryk burials
6214:Southern Russia
6201:
6165:
6051:Tahirid dynasty
6021:Tokhara Yabghus
5926:Seleucid Empire
5901:Pazyryk culture
5856:Yamnaya culture
5839:
5834:
5804:
5798:
5778:"Древние тюрки"
5763:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5741:
5728:
5724:
5705:
5701:
5688:
5684:
5665:
5661:
5646:
5642:
5623:
5606:
5574:
5568:
5564:
5557:
5541:
5537:
5518:
5514:
5479:
5475:
5456:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5435:
5431:
5403:
5399:
5390:
5386:
5367:
5363:
5358:
5354:
5345:
5341:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5310:
5306:
5270:
5266:
5254:
5250:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5215:
5183:
5177:
5173:
5162:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5103:
5097:
5093:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5047:
5040:
5027:
5026:
5022:
4987:
4983:
4978:(187): 155–156.
4971:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4884:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4754:
4741:
4732:
4728:
4719:
4717:
4708:
4707:
4698:
4693:
4689:
4674:10.2307/1170959
4658:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4633:
4629:
4620:
4616:
4608:
4604:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4542:
4529:
4467:
4415:Ashina Yuanqing
4400:
4382:
4353:
4352:
4300:Xinjiang clique
4289:
4281:
4280:
4273:Qing reconquest
4242:Dzungar Khanate
4165:
4157:
4156:
4094:Chief Officials
4084:Western Regions
4064:
4044:
4037:
4022:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3903:
3893:
3892:
3778:
3768:
3767:
3695:
3673:
3666:
3651:
3622:
3621:
3551:Tughlaq dynasty
3523:Delhi Sultanate
3221:Tokhara Yabghus
3182:Tiele (Gaoche)
3147:202 BCE–13th CE
3135:
3125:
3124:
3068:Belief system:
3062:
3052:
3051:
3007:Karachay-Balkar
2874:
2864:
2863:
2695:
2663:
2634:Later claimants
2599:
2595:Shābōluō Kèhán
2591:
2574:Āshǐnà Mòhèduō
2573:
2563:
2545:
2535:
2517:
2513:Shābōluō Kèhán
2509:
2491:
2483:
2465:
2457:
2439:
2429:
2411:
2401:
2386:
2376:
2361:
2353:
2336:
2326:
2296:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2246:
2238:
2208:
2196:
2191:
2115:
2109:
2078:
2072:
2036:
2008:
1998:Afrasiab murals
1982:Afrasiab murals
1970:
1965:
1963:Primary Sources
1959:"ten arrows").
1924:John of Ephesus
1896:
1893:
1856:
1853:
1838:Afrasiab murals
1810:
1798:Chorpan Tarkhan
1552:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:, circa 705 CE.
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1431:
1412:Emperor Gaozong
1393:Western Regions
1389:Emperor Taizong
1373:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1314:
1300:was one of the
1261:put Tong's son
1204:
1198:Tokhara Yabghus
1196:Main articles:
1194:
1162:
1103:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
972:
964:
957:
956:
864:Afrasiab murals
840:
814:was founded by
808:
802:
793:
642:
628:
623:Tokhara Yabghus
614:
600:
586:
572:
558:
533:
519:
461:
460:• 576–603
449:
448:• 553–576
418:
417:• 587–604
393:
389:
375:
355:
328:
327:
320:Tokhara Yabghus
311:
304:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
293:
291:
289:
284:
282:
280:
275:
273:
271:
269:
262:
260:
258:
253:Paleo-Siberians
251:
249:
247:
242:
240:
238:
231:
229:
227:
222:
220:
218:
216:
211:
209:
207:
205:
200:
198:
196:
194:
189:
187:
185:
180:
178:
176:
174:
167:
165:
163:
158:
156:
154:
152:
147:
145:
143:
141:
136:
134:
132:
130:
125:
123:
121:
119:
114:
112:
110:
90:
80:
79:
71:
70:
56:
55:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12130:
12120:
12119:
12117:Former empires
12114:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12067:
12066:
12064:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12047:
12045:
12041:
12040:
12038:
12037:
12032:
12027:
12022:
12017:
12012:
12011:
12010:
11999:
11997:
11993:
11992:
11989:
11988:
11986:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11965:
11964:
11963:
11953:
11948:
11943:
11938:
11933:
11928:
11923:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11907:
11906:
11901:
11891:
11886:
11880:
11878:
11869:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11861:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11836:
11831:
11830:
11829:
11819:
11814:
11813:
11812:
11807:
11802:
11792:
11787:
11786:
11785:
11780:
11770:
11769:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11738:
11737:
11736:
11731:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11705:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11674:
11673:
11672:
11667:
11657:
11652:
11651:
11650:
11645:
11635:
11634:
11633:
11628:
11618:
11617:
11616:
11611:
11601:
11596:
11595:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11564:
11559:
11558:
11557:
11552:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11518:
11516:
11510:
11509:
11507:
11506:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11490:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11449:
11444:
11443:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11407:
11406:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11339:
11338:
11333:
11323:
11322:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11306:
11301:
11296:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11267:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11246:
11245:
11244:
11239:
11234:
11229:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11199:
11194:
11193:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11167:
11166:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11140:
11139:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11097:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11076:
11071:
11070:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11049:
11044:
11034:
11033:
11032:
11027:
11017:
11016:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10990:
10985:
10984:
10983:
10973:
10972:
10971:
10966:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10922:
10920:
10918:Post-classical
10914:
10913:
10911:
10910:
10909:
10908:
10898:
10893:
10892:
10891:
10886:
10876:
10875:
10874:
10864:
10863:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10816:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10790:
10789:
10788:
10783:
10773:
10768:
10767:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10719:
10717:Middle Kingdom
10714:
10704:
10699:
10698:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10677:
10676:
10675:
10673:Neo-Babylonian
10670:
10665:
10663:Old Babylonian
10655:
10654:
10653:
10648:
10638:
10633:
10627:
10625:
10613:
10612:
10605:
10604:
10597:
10590:
10582:
10573:
10572:
10570:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10553:
10551:
10547:
10546:
10544:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10482:
10480:
10476:
10475:
10473:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10461:
10460:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10429:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10408:
10402:
10400:
10394:
10393:
10391:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10309:
10307:
10303:
10302:
10300:
10299:
10293:
10286:
10285:
10283:
10277:
10276:
10271:
10269:Ashina Huaidao
10266:
10264:Ashina Huseluo
10261:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10248:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10219:
10217:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10202:
10195:
10188:
10181:
10174:
10167:
10164:Ashina Duoxifu
10159:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10112:
10110:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10098:
10091:
10084:
10077:
10070:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10047:
10046:
10039:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9998:Heshana Qaghan
9995:
9990:
9984:
9982:
9974:
9973:
9971:
9970:
9967:Ashina Shibobi
9963:
9956:
9949:
9946:Ashina Nishufu
9942:
9935:
9928:
9920:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9888:
9886:
9878:
9877:
9875:
9874:
9867:
9859:
9858:
9851:
9848:Empress Ashina
9844:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9825:Ishbara Qaghan
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9789:
9787:
9779:
9778:
9771:
9770:
9763:
9756:
9748:
9739:
9738:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9711:Turkic Academy
9708:
9703:
9698:
9692:
9690:
9686:
9685:
9683:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9656:
9654:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9608:Khalwati order
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9588:Bektashi Order
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9539:
9537:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9503:
9502:
9500:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9467:Karakalpakstan
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9432:Altai Republic
9428:
9426:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9380:
9378:
9369:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9333:Nomadic empire
9330:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9292:
9290:
9286:
9285:
9283:
9282:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9234:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9156:
9154:
9147:
9146:
9141:
9135:
9134:
9133:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9109:
9108:
9101:Western Thrace
9007:
9006:
9005:
8989:
8984:
8983:
8982:
8946:
8945:
8944:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8896:
8895:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8825:Crimean Tatars
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8774:
8773:
8772:
8744:
8738:
8736:
8730:
8729:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8687:
8685:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8628:Siberian Tatar
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8443:
8433:
8427:
8425:
8419:
8418:
8403:
8402:
8395:
8388:
8380:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8350:
8349:
8343:
8340:
8334:
8331:
8327:
8326:
8320:
8317:
8313:
8312:
8289:
8278:
8275:
8274:625 CE–651 CE
8271:
8270:
8262:Heshana Khagan
8245:
8242:
8241:560 CE–625 CE
8238:
8237:
8222:Empress Ashina
8208:Ishbara Qaghan
8180:
8177:
8176:560 CE–651 CE
8173:
8172:
8161:
8158:
8157:440 CE–560 CE
8154:
8153:
8130:
8127:
8126:370 CE–540 CE
8123:
8122:
8098:
8095:
8094:320 CE–467 CE
8091:
8090:
8082:
8079:
8054:
8051:
7904:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7889:
7878:Vima Kadphises
7864:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7840:
7837:
7836:141 BCE–30 CE
7833:
7832:
7827:
7804:Parthamaspates
7738:Mithridates IV
7720:Mithridates II
7700:
7697:
7693:
7692:
7686:
7670:
7667:
7660:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7579:Argead dynasty
7564:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7548:Artaxerxes III
7519:
7509:
7505:
7504:
7489:Arzhan culture
7479:
7468:
7451:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7408:2000–1900 BCE
7405:
7404:
7402:
7391:
7389:
7388:2400–2000 BCE
7385:
7384:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7350:
7349:3500–2500 BCE
7346:
7345:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7279:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7256:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7166:Bimaran Casket
7163:
7158:
7155:Sogdian Daēnās
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7129:Gardez Ganesha
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7105:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6951:Takht-e Rostam
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6886:Dilberjin Tepe
6883:
6878:
6872:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6760:Takht-i Sangin
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6721:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6612:Guldursun-Kala
6609:
6604:
6599:
6597:Dalverzin Tepe
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6567:Akchakhan-Kala
6564:
6558:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6490:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6377:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6359:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6325:Dunhuang Caves
6322:
6320:Bezeklik Caves
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6285:Subashi Temple
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6256:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6136:Durrani Empire
6133:
6128:
6126:Timurid Empire
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5871:Vakhsh culture
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5833:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5810:
5803:
5802:
5796:
5781:
5771:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5739:
5722:
5699:
5696:. p. 180.
5682:
5659:
5640:
5604:
5562:
5555:
5535:
5512:
5473:
5447:
5438:
5429:
5397:
5384:
5361:
5352:
5339:
5330:
5321:
5304:
5264:
5261:Wu-Shen 648 CE
5257:Zizhi Tongjian
5248:
5231:
5222:
5213:
5171:
5160:
5142:
5133:
5091:
5068:
5061:
5038:
5020:
4981:
4959:
4952:
4932:
4925:
4905:
4878:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4798:
4778:
4771:
4739:
4726:
4696:
4687:
4652:
4640:
4627:
4614:
4612:, p. 181.
4610:Rezakhani 2017
4602:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4516:Turkic peoples
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4455:
4452:Ashina Huaidao
4449:
4446:Ashina Huseluo
4443:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4405:
4404:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4331:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4307:
4302:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4270:
4265:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4220:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4184:Tibetan Empire
4181:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:Ancient period
4062:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4049:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3696:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3580:
3569:
3568:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3544:Khalji dynasty
3540:
3537:Mamluk dynasty
3530:
3529:
3518:
3517:
3506:
3505:
3499:Kerait Khanate
3494:
3493:
3482:
3481:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3445:
3444:
3433:
3432:
3421:
3420:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3352:
3341:
3340:
3329:
3328:
3317:
3316:
3305:
3304:
3293:
3292:
3281:
3280:
3269:
3268:
3257:
3256:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2696:
2693:Turkic peoples
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2675:
2674:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:Tibetan Empire
2647:
2644:Tibetan Empire
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2620:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2343:Heshana Khagan
2339:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2306:Personal name
2304:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2218:Personal name
2216:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2108:
2105:
2071:
2068:
2044:, rather than
2035:
2032:
2004:Main article:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1891:
1862:Dielishi Kehan
1851:
1830:Nushibi tribes
1809:
1806:
1670:Constantinople
1666:
1665:
1655:
1649:
1646:North Caucasus
1623:
1613:
1607:
1566:. 648-651 CE,
1551:
1548:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1430:
1427:
1369:Main article:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1290:Ishbara Qaghan
1193:
1190:
1182:Heshana Khagan
1161:
1158:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
991:
983:
975:
967:
958:
954:
953:
952:
839:
836:
801:
798:
683:Onoq Khaganate
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
639:
633:
632:
625:
619:
618:
611:
605:
604:
597:
591:
590:
583:
577:
576:
569:
563:
562:
555:
546:
543:
542:
537:
529:
528:
523:
511:
510:
505:
495:
494:
491:
487:
486:
482:
481:
476:
475:Historical era
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
459:
456:
455:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
429:
428:
425:
424:
419:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
398:
397:
384:
380:
379:
365:
361:
360:
349:
345:
344:
341:Nomadic empire
334:
330:
329:
306:
305:
104:
98:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
89:
88:
81:vassal of the
76:
67:
51:
48:
47:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12129:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12060:
12059:Soviet empire
12057:
12055:
12052:
12051:
12049:
12048:
12046:
12044:Miscellaneous
12042:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12009:
12006:
12005:
12004:
12001:
12000:
11998:
11994:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11962:
11959:
11958:
11957:
11954:
11952:
11949:
11947:
11944:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11896:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11881:
11879:
11877:
11873:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11841:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11828:
11825:
11824:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11797:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11776:
11775:
11774:
11771:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11742:
11739:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11726:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11679:
11678:
11675:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11662:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11643:German Empire
11641:
11640:
11639:
11636:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11623:
11622:
11619:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11606:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11569:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11547:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11515:
11511:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11454:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11412:
11411:
11408:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11385:
11384:
11383:Turco-Persian
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11328:
11327:
11324:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11291:
11290:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11251:
11250:
11247:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11224:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11172:
11171:
11168:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11145:
11144:
11141:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11123:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11081:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11039:
11038:
11035:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11022:
11021:
11018:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10995:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10982:
10979:
10978:
10977:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10923:
10921:
10919:
10915:
10907:
10904:
10903:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10881:
10880:
10877:
10873:
10870:
10869:
10868:
10865:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10832:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10795:
10794:
10791:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10741:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10709:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10682:
10681:
10678:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10660:
10659:
10656:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10643:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10618:
10614:
10610:
10603:
10598:
10596:
10591:
10589:
10584:
10583:
10580:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10554:
10552:
10548:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10483:
10481:
10477:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10459:
10456:
10455:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10413:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10395:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10353:Orkhon Valley
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10310:
10308:
10304:
10297:
10294:
10291:
10288:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10259:Ashina Buzhen
10257:
10256:
10253:
10250:
10249:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10218:
10216:
10211:
10210:Western Turks
10207:
10200:
10196:
10193:
10189:
10186:
10182:
10179:
10175:
10172:
10168:
10165:
10161:
10160:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10141:Tengri Qaghan
10139:
10137:
10136:Yollıg Khagan
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10113:
10111:
10107:
10103:
10096:
10092:
10089:
10085:
10082:
10078:
10075:
10071:
10068:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10048:
10044:
10040:
10037:
10036:El Kulug Shad
10033:
10032:
10029:
10028:Ishbara Tolis
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9985:
9983:
9979:
9975:
9968:
9964:
9961:
9960:Ashide Fengji
9957:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9943:
9940:
9939:Ashina She'er
9936:
9933:
9932:Ashina Funian
9929:
9926:
9922:
9921:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9912:Qilibi Qaghan
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9872:
9868:
9865:
9861:
9860:
9856:
9852:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9815:Taspar Qaghan
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9795:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9784:
9780:
9776:
9769:
9764:
9762:
9757:
9755:
9750:
9749:
9746:
9735:
9728:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9693:
9691:
9689:Organizations
9687:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9657:
9655:
9651:
9645:
9644:Vattisen Yaly
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9540:
9538:
9534:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9508:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9437:Bashkortostan
9435:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9425:
9421:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9377:
9373:
9370:
9366:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9346:
9343:
9339:
9336:
9335:
9334:
9331:
9327:
9326:Turkification
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9287:
9280:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9236:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9155:
9151:
9145:
9142:
9139:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9125:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9106:
9102:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9066:
9062:
9058:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9008:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8994:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8980:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8947:
8942:
8941:Baraba Tatars
8938:
8937:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8887:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8793:
8789:
8785:
8780:
8779:
8778:
8775:
8770:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8754:
8750:
8749:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8735:
8731:
8726:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8696:Common Turkic
8694:
8692:
8689:
8688:
8686:
8684:
8680:
8674:
8673:Western Yugur
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8488:Crimean Tatar
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8420:
8415:
8401:
8396:
8394:
8389:
8387:
8382:
8381:
8378:
8360:
8356:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8339:
8337:
8329:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8308:
8305:
8302:
8301:Ishbara Tolis
8299:
8296:
8293:
8287:
8283:
8281:
8272:
8269:
8266:
8263:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8248:
8247:Western Turks
8239:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8212:
8209:
8206:
8203:
8202:Taspar Qaghan
8200:
8197:
8194:
8190:
8185:
8183:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8164:
8155:
8152:
8149:
8145:
8142:
8139:
8135:
8133:
8124:
8121:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8103:
8101:
8092:
8087:
8085:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8059:
8057:
8050:
8047:
8044:
8043:Yazdegerd III
8041:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8011:
8008:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7984:
7981:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7966:
7963:
7960:
7957:
7954:
7951:
7948:
7945:
7942:
7939:
7936:
7933:
7930:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7914:
7909:
7907:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7888:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7869:
7867:
7866:Kushan Empire
7858:
7855:
7852:
7849:
7845:
7843:
7834:
7831:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7810:Mithridates V
7808:
7807:Sinatruces II
7805:
7802:
7801:Vologases III
7799:
7796:
7795:Artabanus III
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7765:Tiridates III
7763:
7760:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7708:Mithridates I
7705:
7703:
7695:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7688:Hunnic tribes
7682:
7679:
7675:
7673:
7666:
7665:
7659:
7656:
7655:Euthydemus II
7653:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7640:
7638:
7630:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7601:
7600:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7580:
7572:
7567:
7559:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7551:Artaxerxes IV
7549:
7546:
7545:Artaxerxes II
7543:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7524:
7522:
7514:
7506:
7502:
7496:
7490:
7485:
7484:
7478:
7474:
7473:
7467:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7456:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7434:
7432:
7431:Median Empire
7424:
7423:
7418:2000–900 BCE
7417:
7416:
7413:
7407:
7406:
7400:
7395:
7387:
7386:
7382:
7377:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7358:Pontic steppe
7355:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7340:Preceded by:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7299:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7289:
7285:
7277:
7272:
7270:
7265:
7263:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7161:Oxus Treasure
7159:
7157:
7156:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7114:Orlat plaques
7112:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7006:Dasht-e Nawar
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
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6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6838:Monjukli Depe
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6823:Konye-Urgench
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6755:Takht-i Kuwad
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6514:Koshoy Korgon
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6280:Kumtura Caves
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6252:Western China
6249:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6237:Salbyk kurgan
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6227:Arzhan kurgan
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6198:
6197:Serindian art
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6168:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:Mongol Empire
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6086:Ghurid Empire
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6002:
6001:Western Turks
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5951:Kushan Empire
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5936:Guiyi Circuit
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5911:Median Empire
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:Tagar culture
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5831:
5826:
5824:
5819:
5817:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5799:
5797:9781474400305
5793:
5789:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5735:
5734:
5726:
5718:
5714:
5713:The Silk Road
5710:
5703:
5695:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5644:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5454:
5452:
5442:
5433:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5394:
5388:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5356:
5349:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5276:110 Qibi Heli
5274:
5268:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5245:
5241:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5153:
5146:
5137:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5087:
5083:
5082:The Silk Road
5079:
5072:
5064:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5045:
5043:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4985:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4936:
4928:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4909:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4846:
4837:
4827:
4818:
4809:
4801:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4782:
4774:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4736:
4730:
4716:on 2015-02-03
4715:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4691:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4644:
4637:
4631:
4624:
4618:
4611:
4606:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4571:
4556:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4530:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:Gao Changgong
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4440:Ashina Buzhen
4438:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4367:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4288:Modern period
4285:
4284:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:Dungan Revolt
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:Kumul Khanate
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4209:Mongol Empire
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:Western Liang
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3869:Mongol Empire
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3829:Kimek Khanate
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3613:
3612:
3611:Ottoman State
3608:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3600:Bahri dynasty
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3450:Seljuk Empire
3447:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:Sabiri People
3250:
3249:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
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2969:
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2965:
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2927:
2924:
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2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
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2614:
2613:El Kulug Shad
2611:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Ishbara Tolis
2561:
2560:El Kulug Shad
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:Ishbara Tolis
2496:
2495:
2492:Āshǐnà Níshú
2489:
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2478:
2475:
2473:
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2399:
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2391:
2390:
2384:
2382:Shèguì Kèhán
2381:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2359:
2357:Chùluó Kèhán
2356:
2352:
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2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
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2321:
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2250:
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2236:
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2215:
2199:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2155:
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2147:
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2138:
2134:
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2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2103:
2099:
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2086:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1834:Yabghu-Qaghan
1831:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1756:
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1748:
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1733:
1732:Eastern Turks
1729:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1708:
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1701:
1699:
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1534:
1530:
1525:
1524:Taiwei (太尉).
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:Ashina Funian
1511:
1501:
1488:
1476:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:'s defeat of
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:Eastern Turks
1382:
1378:
1372:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:Ishbara Tolis
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:support. The
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1216:Brahmi script
1213:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:Arab conquest
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1066:Seljuk Empire
1064:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
995:
992:
987:
984:
979:
976:
971:
968:
963:
960:
959:
951:
950:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
918:, across the
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
869:
865:
861:
857:
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849:
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769:
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749:
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731:
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723:
719:
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541:
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321:
317:
298:
287:
278:
267:
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256:
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245:
236:
234:
225:
214:
203:
192:
183:
172:
170:
161:
150:
139:
128:
117:
108:
102:
93:
84:
77:
68:
63:
59:
53:
52:
49:
45:
31:
19:
12082:Ashina tribe
11810:Contemporary
11660:Indo-Persian
11648:Nazi Germany
11592:Contemporary
11494:Vijayanagara
11419:
11393:Great Seljuk
11304:Thessalonica
11232:Golden Horde
10872:Carthaginian
10651:Neo-Assyrian
10636:Neo-Sumerian
10562:Ashina tribe
10397:Göktürk wars
10230:Ashina Mishe
10151:Özmiş Khagan
10095:Ashina Tuizi
10088:Tardush Shad
10081:Ashina Duzhi
10023:Duolu Qaghan
9977:
9953:Ashide Wenfu
9917:Chebi Qaghan
9907:Illig Qaghan
9902:Chulo Qaghan
9897:Shibi Qaghan
9864:Yangsu Tegin
9835:Tulan Qaghan
9830:Bagha Qaghan
9820:Ashina Anluo
9810:Muqan Qaghan
9805:Issik Qaghan
9800:Bumin Qaghan
9623:Qalandariyya
9598:Christianity
9409:Turkmenistan
9347: /
9338:Turco-Mongol
8777:Azerbaijanis
8342:
8333:
8330:673–751 CE
8319:
8316:651–673 CE
8298:Duolu Qaghan
8286:Tardush Shad
8277:
8254:Tang dynasty
8244:
8230:Yangsu Tegin
8214:Tulan Qaghan
8211:Bagha Qaghan
8205:Ashina Anluo
8199:Muqan Qaghan
8196:Issik Qaghan
8193:Bumin Qaghan
8179:
8163:Hephthalites
8160:
8129:
8097:
8081:
8053:
8013:Ardashir III
7971:Yazdegerd II
7903:
7891:
7863:
7839:
7825:Artabanus IV
7822:Vologases VI
7813:Vologases IV
7792:Vologases II
7768:Artabanus II
7762:Artabanus II
7747:Tiridates II
7735:Phraates III
7699:
7696:160–141 BCE
7685:
7669:
7662:
7658:Antimachus I
7649:Euthydemus I
7634:
7631:256–160 BCE
7622:
7615:
7610:Antiochus II
7597:
7596:
7590:Alexander II
7577:
7563:
7560:331–256 BCE
7539:Artaxerxes I
7518:
7508:539–331 BCE
7481:
7470:
7459:
7453:
7428:
7425:626–539 BCE
7360:through the
7339:
7300:Territories/
7153:
7084:Mount Khajeh
7051:Qala-i-Jangi
7031:Khair Khaneh
6936:Khair Khaneh
6843:Namazga-Tepe
6798:Anau culture
6775:Turkmenistan
6692:Tavka Kurgan
6587:Balalyk Tepe
6504:Burana Tower
6494:Aigyr-Zhal 2
6386:Issyk kurgan
6121:Kart dynasty
6116:Sufi dynasty
6106:Golden Horde
6031:Oghuz Yabgus
6006:Tang dynasty
6000:
5971:Hephthalites
5896:Uyuk culture
5786:
5774:Lev Gumilyov
5732:
5725:
5716:
5712:
5702:
5692:
5685:
5676:
5672:
5662:
5653:
5643:
5634:
5630:
5582:
5578:
5565:
5545:
5538:
5529:
5525:
5515:
5490:
5486:
5476:
5467:
5463:
5441:
5432:
5424:
5405:
5400:
5392:
5387:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5355:
5342:
5333:
5324:
5316:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5287:
5279:
5267:
5251:
5234:
5225:
5216:
5191:
5187:
5174:
5165:
5151:
5145:
5136:
5111:
5107:
5094:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5051:
5032:
5023:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4975:
4962:
4942:
4935:
4915:
4908:
4896:. Retrieved
4891:
4881:
4869:. Retrieved
4864:
4854:
4845:
4836:
4826:
4817:
4808:
4788:
4781:
4761:
4734:
4729:
4718:. Retrieved
4714:the original
4710:"Turk Bitig"
4690:
4668:(3/4): 129.
4665:
4661:
4655:
4647:
4643:
4635:
4630:
4622:
4617:
4605:
4595:
4591:
4543:. Retrieved
4539:the original
4409:Ashina Mishe
4141:
4107:Former Liang
3879:Golden Horde
3799:Hephthalites
3674:Central Asia
3609:
3598:
3584:
3574:Golden Horde
3572:
3560:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3521:
3509:
3497:
3485:
3473:
3462:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3389:
3382:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3286:Kangar Union
3284:
3272:
3260:
3251:
3218:
3210:
3191:
3180:
3166:
3155:
3141:
2650:Ashina Tuizi
2640:Ashina Duzhi
2600:Āshǐnà Hèlǔ
2546:Āshǐnà Yùgǔ
2532:Illig Qaghan
2518:Āshǐnà Tóng
2487:Duōlù Kèhán
2472:Duolu Qaghan
2466:Āshǐnà xilì
2354:Yansu Tegin
2328:Muqan Qaghan
2323:Yangsu Tegin
2307:
2301:
2300:Regnal name
2297:grandfather
2270:Dátóu Kèhán
2219:
2213:
2212:Regnal name
2209:grandfather
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2142:
2126:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2063:lapis lazuli
2039:
2037:
2024:
2009:
1956:
1952:
1938:
1936:
1917:
1913:
1898:
1859:
1849:generations.
1847:
1843:
1763:
1755:Panticapaeum
1740:
1726:
1710:
1702:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1641:
1637:
1630:Hephthalites
1625:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1589:
1570:, Samarkand.
1541:
1537:Muslim Arabs
1526:
1522:
1507:
1459:Tang dynasty
1455:Ashina Duzhi
1439:Pei Xingjian
1432:
1409:
1377:Tang dynasty
1374:
1279:
1248:
1236:Tardush Shad
1226:His brother
1225:
1163:
1155:
1111:Hephthalites
1108:
977:
896:Lev Gumilyov
873:
832:Tang dynasty
809:
783:Tang dynasty
780:
745:
740:
738:
682:
676:
660:
658:
609:Kangar union
526:Hephthalites
508:Succeeded by
507:
502:
314:, after the
263:
252:
232:
190:PUSHYABHUTIS
168:
122:
83:Tang dynasty
43:
18:Western Turk
11398:Khwarezmian
11331:Carolingian
11136:Rashtrakuta
10840:Shaishunaga
10739:Hellenistic
10722:New Kingdom
10712:Old Kingdom
10399:and battles
10368:Ülüş system
10296:Turk Shahis
10245:Ashina Zhen
10240:Ashina Xian
10215:Jimi system
10131:Bilgä Qaǧan
10126:Inel Qaghan
10056:Irbis Seguy
10013:Külüg Sibir
9993:Niri Qaghan
9892:Yami Qaghan
9794:Ashina Tuwu
9613:Malamatiyya
9265:Pan-Turkism
9245:Grey Wolves
9210:Oghuz Turks
9130:Afghanistan
8915:Qarai Turks
8845:Karakalpaks
8613:Sakha/Yakut
8503:Fuyü Gïrgïs
8458:Azerbaijani
8310:Ashina Helu
8307:Irbis Seguy
8292:Külüg Sibir
8259:Niri Qaghan
8189:Ashina Tuwu
8132:Alchon Huns
8028:Azarmidokht
8019:Khosrow III
7974:Hormizd III
7959:Yazdegerd I
7950:Ardashir II
7944:Adur Narseh
7900:224–350 CE
7860:30 –224 CE
7819:Vologases V
7786:Vardanes II
7783:Vologases I
7774:Gotarzes II
7744:Phraates IV
7714:Hyspaosines
7678:Modu Chanyu
7652:Demetrius I
7646:Diodotus II
7607:Antiochus I
7584:Alexander I
7176:Kabul hoard
7109:Sokh snakes
7061:Surkh Kotal
7026:Haji Piyada
7001:Darra-e Kur
6966:Yemshi Tepe
6961:Tillya Tepe
6956:Tepe Fullol
6946:Tepe Narenj
6941:Tapa Sardar
6931:Fondukistan
6896:Tapa Shotor
6876:Tepe Fullol
6868:Afghanistan
6697:Toprak-Kala
6682:Shahrukhiya
6632:Kampir Tepe
6622:Itchan Kala
6577:Ancient Pap
6534:Shakh Fazil
6406:Krasnyi Yar
6310:Mogao Caves
6270:Kizil Caves
6206:Archaeology
6071:Farighunids
6026:Turk Shahis
5966:Alchon Huns
5673:Transoxiana
5631:Transoxiana
5464:Transoxiana
5284:Yonghui era
5273:Jiu Tangshu
5194:: 107–128.
5114:: 189–208.
4812:Ch III, IV.
4501:Oghuz Turks
4427:Ashina Zhen
4421:Ashina Xian
4390:Jimi system
4223:Moghulistan
4204:Qara Khitai
4117:Later Liang
4043:History of
3859:Qara Khitai
3776:Middle Ages
3672:History of
3225:Turk Shahis
3172:71 BC–?? AD
2890:Azerbaijani
2711:Oghuz Turks
2580:Ashina Helu
2552:Irbis Seguy
2537:Yami Qaghan
2458:Tulu Tegin
2418:Külüg Sibir
2400:Tulu Tegin,
2375:Tulu Tegin,
2351:Niri Qaghan
2332:Nílì Kèhán
2315:Niri Qaghan
2266:Ashina Tuwu
2235:Ashina Tuwu
2133:Kizil Caves
1828:, the five
1826:Dulu tribes
1759:Chersonesus
1728:Denis Sinor
1698:Rus' people
1686:Caspian Sea
1443:Tokharistan
1435:Tarim Basin
1423:Ashina Helu
1416:Su Dingfang
1286:Irbis Seguy
1253:(630) with
1251:Külüg Sibir
1244:Turk Shahis
1202:Turk Shahis
1115:Tarim Basin
944:Volga River
870:appearance.
820:Caspian Sea
730:Ashina clan
699:On oq budun
503:Preceded by
422:Niri Qaghan
324:Turk Shahis
44:On oq budun
12076:Categories
11968:Portuguese
11849:Revival Le
11839:Vietnamese
11482:Later Tran
11452:Vietnamese
11348:Singhasari
11336:Holy Roman
10960:Bulgarian
10896:Satavahana
10867:Phoenician
10803:Achaemenid
10764:Indo-Greek
10744:Macedonian
10658:Babylonian
10388:Qara bodun
10274:Ashina Xin
10156:Ashina Shi
10067:Bagha Shad
10051:Yukuk Shad
9855:Apa Qaghan
9593:Burkhanism
9558:Aiyy Faith
9477:Nakhchivan
9414:Uzbekistan
9394:Kyrgyzstan
9389:Kazakhstan
9384:Azerbaijan
9255:Burkhanism
9081:Montenegro
9045:Dodecanese
8706:Old Uyghur
8691:Old Turkic
8593:Old Turkic
8528:Karakalpak
8304:Yukuk Shad
8226:Apa Qaghan
8169:Akhshunwar
8151:Mihirakula
8089:Wanunkhur
8071:Hormizd II
8062:Ardashir I
8037:Khosrow IV
8034:Hormizd VI
8016:Shahrbaraz
8007:Khosrow II
7998:Khosrow II
7995:Hormizd IV
7953:Shapur III
7941:Hormizd II
7935:Bahram III
7920:Ardashir I
7887:Vasudeva I
7881:Kanishka I
7875:Vima Takto
7851:Sapadbizes
7830:Eucratides
7789:Pacorus II
7780:Vonones II
7777:Meherdates
7771:Vardanes I
7756:Orodes III
7753:Phraates V
7732:Sinatruces
7643:Diodotus I
7604:Seleucus I
7554:Darius III
7461:Massagetae
7282:Rulers of
7056:Rag-i-Bibi
6881:Ai-Khanoum
6813:Gonur Depe
6808:Dev-Kesken
6745:Kafir-kala
6735:Ajina tepe
6717:Tajikistan
6677:Sarmishsay
6662:Kyzyl-Kala
6642:Khalchayan
6627:Kafir-kala
6607:Fayaz Tepe
6592:Burchmulla
6554:Uzbekistan
6544:Tash Rabat
6519:Manas Ordo
6486:Kyrgyzstan
6373:Kazakhstan
6076:Ghaznavids
5981:Ustrushana
5976:Tocharians
5906:Massagetae
5033:Wikisource
4720:2020-01-02
4578:References
4565:|ref=
4545:1 November
4458:Ashina Xin
4388:See also:
4112:Former Qin
4069:Tocharians
3883:1240s–1446
3793:200s–1000s
3298:Turk Shahi
2980:Karakalpak
2524:Yukuk Shad
2506:Bagha Shad
2480:Bagha Shad
2412:Tǒng yèhù
2247:Shìdiǎnmì
2111:See also:
2074:See also:
2046:Turkicized
1909:Muhan Khan
1743:Turxanthos
1640:Tashkent;
1284:enthroned
1275:Yukuk Shad
1267:Duolu Khan
1212:Turk Shahi
1053:c.950–1241
908:Semirechye
850:in modern
804:See also:
794: 650
768:Tong Yabgu
760:Kyrgyzstan
758:valley of
756:Chui River
687:Old Turkic
377:Old Turkic
312: 625
11961:Couronian
11599:Ethiopian
11587:Manchukuo
11542:Brazilian
11388:Ghaznavid
11358:Srivijaya
11309:Trebizond
11294:Byzantine
11276:North Sea
11271:Norwegian
11259:Almoravid
11242:Ilkhanate
11212:Majapahit
11185:Muromachi
11094:Solomonic
11079:Ethiopian
10993:Caliphate
10926:Aragonese
10754:Ptolemaic
10448:Xueyantuo
10298:(665–870)
10292:(625-758)
10178:Kul Tigin
10171:Kulun Beg
10109:(682–744)
10074:Böri Shad
9981:(581–657)
9885:(581–630)
9786:(552–581)
9639:Zahediyeh
9634:Safaviyya
9583:Bayramiye
9578:Batiniyya
9553:Shamanism
9536:Religions
9527:Turkology
9487:Tatarstan
9472:Khakassia
9442:Chuvashia
9368:Locations
9345:Tian Shan
9321:Migration
9296:Turkestan
9279:Hungarian
9270:Turkesism
8967:Kryashens
8955:Astrakhan
8880:Krymchaks
8840:Karachays
8761:Telengits
8757:Kumandins
8683:Alphabets
8513:Ili Turki
8423:Languages
8116:Grumbates
8100:Kidarites
8068:Hormizd I
8046:Peroz III
7992:Khosrow I
7962:Shapur IV
7956:Bahram IV
7947:Shapur II
7932:Bahram II
7926:Hormizd I
7816:Osroes II
7759:Vonones I
7741:Orodes II
7717:Artabanus
7593:Antigonus
7542:Darius II
7440:Phraortes
7356:from the
7102:Artifacts
6976:Aq Kupruk
6926:Mes Aynak
6858:Ulug Depe
6793:Altyndepe
6740:Cyropolis
6730:Penjikent
6702:Varakhsha
6637:Kara Tepe
6582:Ayaz-Kala
6572:Akhsikath
6562:Afrasiyab
6509:Issyk-Kul
6499:Balasagun
6345:Beshbalik
6222:Sintashta
6182:Silk Road
6111:Ilkhanate
6066:Ma'munids
5961:Kidarites
5679:: Fig.16.
5591:0392-4866
5532:: Fig. B.
5499:0392-4866
5470:: Fig.25.
5410:Anatolian
5292:215b Helu
5200:0392-4866
5120:1053-8356
5015:1783-9025
4583:Citations
4460:(740–742)
4454:(704–708)
4448:(693–704)
4442:(657–667)
4429:(735–736)
4423:(708–717)
4417:(685–692)
4411:(657–662)
4257:Qing rule
4252:Yettishar
3950:XIX a.d.–
3925:1867–1918
3873:1206–1368
3863:1124–1218
3615:1299–1922
3590:1250–1517
3578:1242–1502
3566:1224–1266
3527:1206–1526
3515:1136–1225
3491:1077–1231
3479:1067–1239
3454:1037–1194
3274:Xueyantuo
3116:Grey wolf
3098:Ergenekon
3074:Shamanism
2846:Krymchaks
2756:Kutrigurs
2625:640–641 (
2615:639–640 (
2607:Claimants
2588:Böri Shad
2337:Xiàngshì
2164:Tabgaches
2137:Scythians
1994:Samarkand
1978:Samarkand
1955:& 十箭
1887:Chu River
1790:Heraclius
1782:Böri Shad
1770:Sasanians
1705:Silk Road
1682:Zemarchus
1674:Justin II
1606:Mongolia;
1564:Samarkand
1560:Varkhuman
1510:Xiao Siye
1306:An Lushan
1210:An early
1151:Silk Road
1135:Khosrow I
1113:held the
1069:1037–1194
924:Tian Shan
884:Byzantium
868:Mongoloid
860:Samarkand
856:Varkhuman
848:Karashahr
714:khaganate
395:Zurvanism
383:Religion
337:Khaganate
223:KHAGANATE
210:BYZANTINE
78:657–742 (
69:603–657 (
54:581–603 (
12097:Khanates
11941:Japanese
11904:Scottish
11884:American
11876:Colonial
11805:Imperial
11773:Moroccan
11709:Japanese
11687:Afsharid
11546:Burmese
11532:Austrian
11487:Later Le
11462:Early Le
11447:Venetian
11373:Tiwanaku
11286:Hellenic
11249:Moroccan
11180:Kamakura
11170:Japanese
11153:Saffarid
11106:Georgian
11020:Chalukya
10998:Rashidun
10988:Calakmul
10956:Bruneian
10835:Haryanka
10813:Sasanian
10808:Parthian
10759:Bactrian
10749:Seleucid
10729:Goguryeo
10707:Egyptian
10641:Assyrian
10631:Akkadian
10622:Colonies
10458:Conquest
10333:Kurultai
10313:Tengrism
10185:Tonyukuk
9775:Göktürks
9603:Hurufism
9548:Tengrism
9497:Xinjiang
9452:Gagauzia
9301:Mongolia
9275:Turanism
9250:Kemalism
9238:Politics
9200:Kipchaks
9180:Göktürks
9175:Dughlats
9029:Bulgaria
9017:Abkhazia
8992:Turkmens
8975:Nağaybäk
8805:Bashkirs
8769:Tubalars
8753:Chelkans
8747:Altaians
8701:Cyrillic
8603:Pecheneg
8568:Krymchak
8473:Chagatai
8446:Southern
8441:Northern
8256:657–742)
8148:Toramana
8138:Khingila
8120:Goboziko
8077:Varahran
8074:Peroz II
8010:Kavad II
7968:Bahram V
7929:Bahram I
7923:Shapur I
7884:Huvishka
7848:Arseiles
7798:Osroes I
7729:Orodes I
7723:Gotarzes
7711:Phraates
7681:Laoshang
7533:Darius I
7530:Cambyses
7449:Astyages
7446:Cyaxares
7368:region)
7311:Margiana
7306:Khorasan
7036:Mundigak
7016:Firozkoh
6906:Shotorak
6725:Bunjikat
6617:Hazorasp
6441:Shilikty
6431:Boralday
6355:Mongolia
6290:Dunhuang
6061:Samanids
5991:Farghana
5844:Polities
5599:41913392
5507:41913397
5208:41913392
5128:43619979
4898:July 16,
4871:July 16,
4759:(2004).
4737:, p. 209
4555:cite web
4465:See also
4127:Gaochang
4045:Xinjiang
4034:a series
4032:Part of
3853:840–1212
3843:750–1055
3833:743–1220
3809:Göktürks
3803:440s–710
3789:Sogdians
3724:Dingling
3663:a series
3661:Part of
3442:963–1186
3430:860–1091
3418:856–1335
3406:848–1036
3374:840–1212
3350:750–1055
3326:743–1035
3266:618–1048
3193:Göktürks
3168:Dingling
3070:Tengrism
3043:Krymchak
2783:Kipchaks
2720:Saragurs
2592:unknown
2584:651–658
2556:642–650
2528:639–642
2510:unknown
2502:634–639
2484:unknown
2476:633–634
2450:631–632
2440:Mòhèduō
2422:628–630
2397:618–628
2372:611–618
2347:604–611
2275:Dianjue
2257:576–603
2231:553–576
2152:Shantung
2144:Tonyukuk
2041:Nushibis
2012:Afrasiab
1892:—
1852:—
1672:visited
1597:Karashar
1580:Tashkent
1533:Xinjiang
1425:in 657.
1407:in 648.
1401:Karasahr
1399:in 640,
1397:Gaochang
1395:against
1263:Sy Yabgu
1232:Xuanzang
1139:Tashkent
1061:977–1186
1045:840–1207
1037:840–1212
1029:766–1055
928:Xionites
920:Jaxartes
912:Aral Sea
892:Mongolia
876:Gokturks
852:Xinjiang
772:Tashkent
678:Xī Tūjué
391:Buddhism
387:Tengrism
146:SASANIAN
12008:largest
12003:Empires
11983:Swedish
11978:Spanish
11973:Russian
11936:Italian
11911:Chinese
11899:English
11894:British
11889:Belgian
11864:Vietnam
11854:Tay son
11800:Tsarist
11795:Russian
11790:Ottoman
11756:Dzungar
11751:Khoshut
11724:Mexican
11719:Maratha
11702:Pahlavi
11682:Safavid
11677:Iranian
11604:Haitian
11567:Chinese
11527:Ashanti
11499:Wagadou
11425:Eastern
11420:Western
11403:Timurid
11363:Tibetan
11353:Songhai
11343:Serbian
11264:Almohad
11254:Idrisid
11158:Samanid
11148:Tahirid
11143:Iranian
11121:Kannauj
11101:Genoese
11037:Chinese
11030:Eastern
11025:Western
11013:Fatimid
11008:Abbasid
11003:Umayyad
10976:Burmese
10936:Ayyubid
10931:Angevin
10901:Xianbei
10889:Eastern
10884:Western
10830:Magadha
10793:Iranian
10786:Xiongnu
10771:Hittite
10680:Chinese
10668:Kassite
10617:Ancient
10609:Empires
10541:Elteber
10531:Tarkhan
9680:Chovgan
9660:Kyz kuu
9573:Alevism
9510:Studies
9306:History
9289:Origins
9220:Türgesh
9190:Khazars
9185:Karluks
9165:Bulgars
9140:(Sakha)
9118:Uyghurs
9097:Tunisia
9085:Romania
9065:Lebanon
9033:Croatia
9021:Algeria
9010:Turkish
9002:Iranian
8987:Tofalar
8959:Chinese
8920:Qashqai
8905:Naimans
8850:Kazakhs
8830:Dolgans
8815:Chuvash
8810:Chulyms
8800:Balkars
8792:Georgia
8788:Armenia
8765:Teleuts
8742:Afshars
8734:Peoples
8711:Persian
8648:Turkmen
8643:Turkish
8608:Qashqai
8563:Kipchak
8483:Chuvash
8463:Bashkir
8141:Javukha
8105:Yosada
8065:Peroz I
8049:Narsieh
8004:Vistahm
7989:Kavad I
7983:Kavad I
7977:Peroz I
7965:Khosrow
7854:Heraios
7672:Xiongnu
7477:Skunkha
7466:Tomyris
7437:Deioces
7316:Bactria
6981:Asqalan
6916:Bimaran
6911:Paitava
6853:Togolok
6788:Abiward
6672:Poykent
6657:Koktepe
6524:Navekat
6401:Kerderi
6391:Jankent
6340:Kashgar
6315:Tumshuq
6260:Bulayïq
6170:Culture
5986:Khuttal
5946:Xiongnu
5761:Sources
5585:: 112.
5493:: 197.
5393:čyaura-
5348:Tuqishi
5244:Geluolu
5001:: 133.
4682:1170959
4638:, p 37
4625:, p. 24
4527:Sources
4496:Khazars
4231:Yarkent
4178:Beiting
4079:Xiongnu
3823:665–744
3819:Karluks
3813:552–745
3715:Scythia
3693:Ancient
3362:756–940
3338:744–840
3314:699–766
3302:665-850
3290:659–750
3278:628–646
3243:682–744
3235:581–650
3214:581–657
3206:552–581
2971:Qasgqai
2962:Chuvash
2953:Bashkir
2926:Turkmen
2881:Turkish
2837:Dolgans
2801:Uyghurs
2765:Karluks
2738:Bulgars
2729:Utigurs
2702:Onogurs
2629:-chief)
2627:Nushibi
2619:-chief)
2617:Nushibi
2387:Shèguì
2295:father,
2289:Kaghan
2239:Ashina
2207:father,
1957:shíjiàn
1920:Nushibi
1871:Nushibi
1860:Soon ,
1786:Derbent
1721:Tumshuq
1694:Khazars
1690:Khorezm
1678:Maniakh
1652:569–571
1642:567–571
1626:557–565
1518:Pei Yan
1447:Narsieh
1381:Western
1259:Nushibi
1176:in the
1166:Tardush
1127:Bactria
1119:Fergana
1021:756–840
1013:744–840
1005:699–766
997:682–744
989:650–969
981:581–742
973:581–645
965:552–603
800:History
796:–969).
764:Bishkek
748:Navekat
728:by the
718:Eurasia
707:
665:Chinese
567:Turgesh
368:Sogdian
352:Navekat
348:Capital
294:TIBETAN
285:TUYUHUN
233:Khitans
201:DYNASTY
181:YABGHUS
179:TOKHARA
169:Kyrgyzs
135:EASTERN
124:WESTERN
60:of the
11946:Mongol
11931:German
11926:French
11916:Danish
11859:Dainam
11834:Tongan
11822:Somali
11817:Sokoto
11783:'Alawi
11761:Kalmyk
11741:Mongol
11734:Second
11714:Korean
11665:Mughal
11655:Indian
11638:German
11631:Second
11621:French
11614:Second
11550:Second
11522:Afghan
11514:Modern
11440:Kyrgyz
11435:Uighur
11430:Second
11410:Turkic
11378:Toltec
11314:Epirus
11299:Nicaea
11222:Mongol
11175:Yamato
11111:Huetar
10969:Second
10906:Rouran
10855:Shunga
10850:Maurya
10825:Kushan
10798:Median
10776:Hunnic
10734:Harsha
10567:Ashide
10550:Family
10526:Khatun
10501:Yabghu
10486:Khagan
10479:Titles
10421:Second
10323:Otuken
10213:under
10061:Hallig
10003:Sheguy
9871:Tamgan
9841:Istämi
9670:Kokpar
9665:Jereed
9628:Rifaʽi
9618:Qadiri
9447:Crimea
9404:Turkey
9354:Otuken
9215:Shatuo
9205:K'o-sa
9170:Cumans
9160:Bulaqs
9144:Yugurs
9138:Yakuts
9123:Uzbeks
9113:Tuvans
9089:Serbia
9061:Kosovo
9057:Israel
9041:Cyprus
8998:Afghan
8971:Mishar
8949:Tatars
8910:Nogais
8900:Kumyks
8885:Kyrgyz
8870:Khalaj
8865:Khakas
8835:Gagauz
8663:Uyghur
8583:Kyrgyz
8553:Khazar
8548:Khalaj
8543:Khakas
8538:Kazakh
8523:Karaim
8508:Gagauz
8498:Dolgan
8478:Chulym
8468:Bulgar
8431:Afshar
8416:topics
8414:Turkic
8265:Sheguy
8234:Tamgan
8218:Istämi
8144:Mehama
8113:Kidara
8107:Kirada
8084:Kangju
7986:Jamasp
7980:Balash
7938:Narseh
7842:Yuezhi
7664:Yuezhi
7624:Yuezhi
7587:Philip
7536:Xerxes
7443:Madyes
7321:Sogdia
7046:Nagara
6818:Jeitun
6750:Sarazm
6436:Sawran
6381:Begash
6335:Khotan
6330:Loulan
5941:Yuezhi
5794:
5597:
5589:
5553:
5505:
5497:
5240:Shatuo
5206:
5198:
5158:
5126:
5118:
5059:
5013:
4950:
4923:
4796:
4769:
4680:
4396:, and
4227:Turpan
4132:Rouran
4074:Yuezhi
4036:on the
3983:Sports
3967:Topics
3901:Modern
3746:Kangju
3665:on the
3034:Karaim
3025:Gagauz
2944:Kyrgyz
2917:Uyghur
2908:Kazakh
2828:Yakuts
2819:Kumyks
2810:Tatars
2572:阿史那莫賀咄
2431:Istämi
2368:Sheguy
2362:Daman
2292:reign
2261:Istämi
2227:Istämi
2204:reign
2201:Yabgu
2123:Buddha
2059:Turfan
2055:Khotan
2051:plaits
2028:plaits
1948:irkins
1932:Istämi
1876:irkins
1867:Duoliu
1794:Tiflis
1751:Utigur
1662:Crimea
1593:Istämi
1420:Qaghan
1364:years.
1220:caftan
1186:Sheguy
1143:Qarshi
1123:Sogdia
936:Oghurs
904:Istami
888:Persia
880:steppe
711:Turkic
675::
673:pinyin
667::
453:Istämi
438:
407:
402:Khagan
333:Status
296:EMPIRE
264:Tungus
243:CHENLA
212:EMPIRE
148:EMPIRE
11996:Lists
11951:Omani
11921:Dutch
11827:Isaaq
11778:Saadi
11746:Oirat
11729:First
11697:Qajar
11626:First
11609:First
11582:China
11555:Third
11415:First
11368:Tikal
11319:Morea
11289:Roman
11207:Latin
11202:Khmer
11197:Kanem
11163:Buyid
11089:Zagwe
11084:Aksum
11074:Chola
10981:First
10964:First
10951:Bornu
10946:Benin
10941:Aztec
10879:Roman
10860:Gupta
10845:Nanda
10781:White
10536:Ishad
10516:Tudun
10511:Boyla
10506:Bagha
10496:Tegin
10426:Third
10416:First
10328:Suyab
10318:Asena
9988:Tardu
9675:Jigit
9568:Islam
9482:Sakha
9260:Jadid
9195:Kimek
9105:Yemen
9093:Syria
9069:Libya
9049:Egypt
9037:Crete
8979:Volga
8963:Lipka
8930:Shors
8925:Salar
8892:China
8857:China
8668:Uzbek
8653:Tuvan
8633:Tatar
8618:Salar
8588:Nogai
8573:Kumyk
8493:Cuman
8436:Altai
8110:Peroz
8040:Boran
8022:Boran
7527:Cyrus
7366:Altai
7302:dates
6891:Hadda
6647:Khiva
6539:Suyab
6529:Özgön
6466:Urpek
6451:Sumbe
6416:Otrar
6305:Rawak
6295:Miran
6265:Kucha
5595:JSTOR
5575:(PDF)
5503:JSTOR
5420:irkim
5414:irkin
5296:弩失畢五姓
5204:JSTOR
5184:(PDF)
5124:JSTOR
5104:(PDF)
4972:(PDF)
4678:JSTOR
3728:Tiele
3414:Qocho
3112:Sheka
3102:Asena
3088:Ülgen
3084:Kayra
3016:Tuvan
2998:Kumyk
2989:Sakha
2935:Tatar
2899:Uzbek
2774:Kimek
2747:Sabir
2598:阿史那賀魯
2544:阿史那欲谷
2516:阿史那咥力
2490:阿史那泥孰
2464:阿史那咥力
2426:Tardu
2403:Tardu
2378:Tardu
2253:Tardu
2175:khan)
2057:near
1953:On Oq
1943:Tiele
1939:churs
1905:Bumen
1882:sijin
1800:then
1747:Tardu
1620:Avars
1584:Chach
1405:Kucha
1298:Suyab
1255:Duolu
1174:Herat
940:Avars
900:Bumin
816:Bumin
776:Suyab
752:Suyab
681:) or
465:Tardu
433:Yabgu
357:Suyab
274:GOGU-
157:CHAM-
11766:Bogd
11692:Zand
11670:Sikh
11577:Qing
11572:Ming
11504:Wari
11472:Tran
11457:Dinh
11227:Yuan
11217:Mali
11126:Pala
11116:Inca
11067:Yuan
11057:Song
11052:Liao
11047:Tang
10820:Kush
10702:Dʿmt
10491:Shad
9492:Tuva
9359:Oğuz
9225:Uzes
9053:Iraq
8784:Iran
8658:Urum
8638:Tofa
8623:Shor
8453:Äynu
7893:Saka
7750:Musa
7617:Saka
7483:Saka
7472:Saka
7455:Saka
7071:Iran
6848:Nisa
6833:Merv
6803:Anau
6300:Niya
5881:Saka
5792:ISBN
5587:ISSN
5551:ISBN
5495:ISSN
5406:irk-
5280:卑失五姓
5196:ISSN
5156:ISBN
5116:ISSN
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