Deer - Knowledge

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while the pudú has the lightest antlers with respect to body mass (0.6 g per kilogram of body mass). The structure of antlers show considerable variation; while fallow deer and elk antlers are palmate (with a broad central portion), white-tailed deer antlers include a series of tines sprouting upward from a forward-curving main beam, and those of the pudú are mere spikes. Antler development begins from the pedicel, a bony structure that appears on the top of the skull by the time the animal is a year old. The pedicel gives rise to a spiky antler the following year, that is replaced by a branched antler in the third year. This process of losing a set of antlers to develop a larger and more branched set continues for the rest of the life. The antlers emerge as soft tissues (known as

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their range within the foothills and river valley bottoms of the Canadian Rockies owing to conversion of land to cropland and the clearing of coniferous forests allowing more deciduous vegetation to grow up the mountain slopes. They also live in the aspen parklands north of Calgary and Edmonton, where they share habitat with the moose. The adjacent

1189:. Grazing species such as the endangered barasingha and very common chital are gregarious and live in large herds. Indian sambar can be gregarious but are usually solitary or live in smaller herds. Hog deer are solitary and have lower densities than Indian muntjac. Deer can be seen in several national parks in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka of which 1368:, which is nearly 2.6 metres (8 ft 6 in) tall and weighs up to 800 kilograms (1,800 lb). The elk stands 1.4–2 metres (4 ft 7 in – 6 ft 7 in) at the shoulder and weighs 240–450 kilograms (530–990 lb). The northern pudu is the smallest deer in the world; it reaches merely 32–35 centimetres ( 2578:

study of the internal relationships in Cervidae by Clément Gilbert and colleagues divided the family into two major clades: Capreolinae (telemetacarpal or New World deer) and Cervinae (plesiometacarpal or Old World deer). Studies in the late 20th century suggested a similar bifurcation in the family.

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Coat colour generally varies between red and brown, though it can be as dark as chocolate brown in the tufted deer or have a grayish tinge as in elk. Different species of brocket deer vary from gray to reddish brown in coat colour. Several species such as the chital, the fallow deer and the sika deer

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on the Alberta and Montana sides. Mountain slope habitats vary from moist coniferous/mixed forested habitats to dry subalpine/pine forests with alpine meadows higher up. The foothills and river valleys between the mountain ranges provide a mosaic of cropland and deciduous parklands. The rare woodland

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estimates that license sales generate approximately $ 700 million annually. This revenue generally goes to support conservation efforts in the states where the licenses are purchased. Overall, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that big game hunting for deer and elk generates approximately

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which drills holes through the brain in its search for a suitable place to lay its eggs. A government biologist states that "They move around looking for the right spot and never really find it." Deer appear to be immune to this parasite; it passes through the digestive system and is excreted in the

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will not find it. Its mother leaves often to graze, and the fawn does not like to be left behind. Sometimes its mother must gently push it down with her foot. The fawn stays hidden in the grass for one week until it is strong enough to walk with its mother. The fawn and its mother stay together for

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is anywhere up to ten months for the European roe deer. Most fawns are born with their fur covered with white spots, though in many species they lose these spots by the end of their first winter. In the first twenty minutes of a fawn's life, the fawn begins to take its first steps. Its mother licks

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species: the young, known in most species as fawns, are only cared for by the mother, most often called a doe. A doe generally has one or two fawns at a time (triplets, while not unknown, are uncommon). Mating season typically begins in later August and lasts until December. Some species mate until

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The highest concentration of large deer species in temperate Asia occurs in the mixed deciduous forests, mountain coniferous forests, and taiga bordering North Korea, Manchuria (Northeastern China), and the Ussuri Region (Russia). These are among some of the richest deciduous and coniferous forests

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and for combat. The tines (forks) on the antlers create grooves that allow another male's antlers to lock into place. This allows the males to wrestle without risking injury to the face. Antlers are correlated to an individual's position in the social hierarchy and its behaviour. For instance, the

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The fallow deer and the various subspecies of the reindeer have the largest as well as the heaviest antlers, both in absolute terms as well as in proportion to body mass (an average of eight grams per kilogram of body mass); the tufted deer, on the other hand, has the smallest antlers of all deer,

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species that live in transitional areas between forests and thickets (for cover) and prairie and savanna (open space). The majority of large deer species inhabit temperate mixed deciduous forest, mountain mixed coniferous forest, tropical seasonal/dry forest, and savanna habitats around the world.

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of Russia and other nomadic peoples of northern Asia use reindeer for food, clothing, and transport. Others are bred for hunting are selected based on the size of the antlers. The major deer-producing countries are New Zealand, the market leader, with Ireland, Great Britain and Germany. The trade

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Since the early 20th century, deer have become commonly thought of as pests in New Zealand due to a lack of predators on the island causing population numbers to increase and begin encroaching on more populated areas. They compete with livestock for resources, as well as cause excess erosion and

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disappeared to give way to vast stretches of grassland; these provided the deer with abundant protein-rich vegetation that led to the development of ornamental antlers and allowed populations to flourish and colonise areas. As antlers had become pronounced, the canines were either lost or became

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areas of some of the mountain ranges. Elk and mule deer both migrate between the alpine meadows and lower coniferous forests and tend to be most common in this region. Elk also inhabit river valley bottomlands, which they share with White-tailed deer. The White-tailed deer have recently expanded

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Delahay, R. J.; Smith, G. C.; Barlow, A. M.; Walker, N.; Harris, A.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S.; Cheeseman, C. L. (2007). "Bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the South-West region of England: A survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle".

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properties. Spotted deer are believed in China to accompany the god of longevity. Deer was the principal sacrificial animal for the Huichal Indians of Mexico. In medieval Europe, deer appeared in hunting scenes and coats-of-arms. Deer are depicted in many materials by various pre-Hispanic

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Present-day fallow deer populations in Europe are a result of historic man-made introductions of this species, first to the Mediterranean regions of Europe, then eventually to the rest of Europe. They were initially park animals that later escaped and reestablished themselves in the wild.

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forming sharp tusks, while other species often lack upper canines altogether. The cheek teeth of deer have crescent ridges of enamel, which enable them to grind a wide variety of vegetation. The teeth of deer are adapted to feeding on vegetation, and like other ruminants, they lack upper

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Continent (including the Indian Subcontinent) boasts the most species of deer in the world, with most species being found in Asia. Europe, in comparison, has lower diversity in plant and animal species. Many national parks and protected reserves in Europe have populations of red deer,

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wreak havoc on wild plant species and agriculture alike. They can also have an effect on the conservation efforts of other plant and animal species, as they can critically offset the balance within an environment by drastically depleting diversity within forests.

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is made from stag antler, and the antlers of certain species are eaten when "in the velvet". Antlers can also be boiled down to release the protein gelatin, which is used as a topical treatment for skin irritation and is also used in cooking.

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as a cervid, placing it under Telemetacarpalia. While the telemetacarpal deer showed only those elements located far from the joint, the plesiometacarpal deer retained the elements closer to the joint as well. Differentiation on the basis of

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in a year; for instance, in red deer the red, thin-haired summer coat is gradually replaced by the dense, greyish brown winter coat in autumn, which in turn gives way to the summer coat in the following spring. Moulting is affected by the

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around 7–8 Mya; The early muntjacs varied in size–as small as hares or as large as fallow deer. They had tusks for fighting and antlers for defence. Capreolinae followed soon after; Alceini appeared 6.4–8.4 Mya. Around this period, the

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among examples (swine OE swin, deer OE deor, sheep OE sceap, horse OE hors, year OE gear, pound OE pana) -Jespersen, A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, Part II SYNTAX (First Volume), Ch.III The Unchanged Plural (p. 49)

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Homology of tines, that is, the branching structure of antlers among species, have been discussed before the 1900s. Recently, a new method to describe the branching structure of antlers and determining homology of tines was developed.

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identified three subfamilies: Cervinae, Hydropotinae and Odocoileinae; they noted that the hydropotines lack antlers, and the other two subfamilies differ in their skeletal morphology. They reverted from this classification in 2000.

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heavier the antlers, the higher the individual's status in the social hierarchy, and the greater the delay in shedding the antlers; males with larger antlers tend to be more aggressive and dominant over others. Antlers can be an

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Garrod, A. Notes on the visceral anatomy and osteology of the ruminants, with a suggestion regarding a method of expressing the relations of species by means of formulae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 2–18

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suggests evolution to have occurred in stages. There are not many prominent fossils to trace this evolution, but only fragments of skeletons and antlers that might be easily confused with false antlers of non-cervid species.

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and allowing the types of grasses, weeds, and herbs to grow that deer like to eat. Access to adjacent croplands may also benefit deer. Adequate forest or brush cover must still be provided for populations to grow and thrive.

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deer song accompanies the deer dance which is performed by a pascola dancer (also known as a deer dancer). Pascolas would perform at religious and social functions many times of the year, especially during Lent and Easter.

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has been confirmed as the sole maintenance host in the Michigan outbreak of bovine tuberculosis which remains a significant barrier to the US nationwide eradication of the disease in livestock. Moose and deer can carry

2093:, the global climate became cooler. A fall in the sea-level led to massive glaciation; consequently, grasslands abounded in nutritious forage. Thus a new spurt in deer populations ensued. The oldest member of Cervini, 6542: 5623:

Ellis-Felege, S. N.; Burnam, J. S.; Palmer, W. E.; Sisson, D. C.; Wellendorf, S. D.; Thornton, R. P.; Stribling, H. L.; Carroll, J. P. (2008). "Cameras identify White-tailed deer depredating Northern bobwhite nests".

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Deer have been an integral part of fables and other literary works since the inception of writing. Stags were used as symbols in the latter Sumerian writings. For instance, the boat of Sumerian god Enki is named the

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Deer have often been bred in captivity as ornaments for parks, but only in the case of reindeer has thorough domestication succeeded. By 2012, some 25,000 tons of red deer were raised on farms in North America. The

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of Finland and Scandinavia, the Tungusic peoples, Mongolians, and Turkic peoples of Southern Siberia, Northern Mongolia, and the Ussuri Region have also taken to raising semi-domesticated herds of Asian caribou.

2203: ft) at the shoulder and had heavy antlers that spanned 3.6 metres (11 ft 10 in) from tip to tip. These large animals were traditionally thought to have faced extinction due to conflict between 554:. This general sense gave way to the modern English sense by the end of the Middle English period, around 1500. All modern Germanic languages save English and Scots retain the more general sense: for example, 6744: 2211:

for a smaller form, but a combination of anthropogenic and climatic pressures is now thought to be the most likely culprit. Meanwhile, the moose and reindeer radiated into North America from Siberia.

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Biology and Management of the Cervidae : A Conference held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, Virginia, August 1–5, 1982

4094:, is highly nutritious. Due to the inherently wild nature and diet of deer, venison is most often obtained through deer hunting. In the United States, it is produced in small amounts compared to 8294: 6368:

Ginsburg, L. (1988). "La faune des mammifères des sables Miocènes du synclinal d'Esvres (Val de Loire)" [The mammalian fauna of the Miocene sands of the syncline Esvres (Loire Valley)].

4184:. There is nothing special about skins with the fur still on since the hair is brittle and soon falls off. The hooves and antlers are used for ornamental purposes, especially the antlers of the 3798:, the baron encounters a stag while eating cherries and, without ammunition, fires the cherry-pits at the stag with his musket, but it escapes. The next year, the baron encounters a stag with a 1978:; these sabre-toothed animals are believed to have been the direct ancestors of all modern antlered deer, though they themselves lacked antlers. Another contemporaneous form was the four-horned 6427: 1825:(SRM) such as the brain, spinal column or lymph nodes. Deboning the meat when butchering and sanitizing the knives and other tools used to butcher are amongst other government recommendations. 8103:"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation" 3602:, deer continued to be a main source of food for millennia even after people began farming, and it is possible that sika and other deer benefited from the frequently abandoned field sites. 3925:. In the British armory, the term "stag" is typically used to refer to antlered male red deer, while "buck" indicates an antlered male fallow deer. Stags and bucks appear in a number of 1708:

and phosphate in order to support antler growth, and this further necessitates a nutrient-rich diet. There are some reports of deer engaging in carnivorous activity, such as eating dead

4103:$ 11.8 billion annually in hunting-related travel, equipment and related expenditures. Conservation laws prevent the sale of unlicensed wild game meat, although it may be donated. 4059:

Other types of deer used in heraldry include the hind, portrayed much like the stag or buck but without antlers, as well as the reindeer and winged stags. Winged stags are used as

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in the Miocene; these animals were unique in having a horn on the nose. Late Eocene fossils dated approximately 35 million years ago, which were found in North America, show that

987:. "European" fallow deer historically lived over much of Europe during the Ice Ages, but afterwards became restricted primarily to the Anatolian Peninsula, in present-day Turkey. 5432:

Metz, Matthew C.; Emlen, Douglas J.; Stahler, Daniel R.; MacNulty, Daniel R.; Smith, Douglas W. (3 September 2018). "Predation shapes the evolutionary traits of cervid weapons".

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Delahay, R. J.; De Leeuw, A. N. S.; Barlow, A. M.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S.; Cheeseman, C. L. (2002). "The status of Mycobacterium bovis infection in UK wild mammals: A review".

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have large herds of Indian sambar and chital. The Indian sambar are more gregarious in Sri Lanka than other parts of their range and tend to form larger herds than elsewhere.

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Automobile collisions with deer can impose a significant cost on the economy. In the U.S., about 1.5 million deer-vehicle collisions occur each year, according to the

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Hassanin, A., Delsuc, F., Ropiquet, A., Hammer, C., van Vuuren, B. J., Matthee, C., Ruiz-Garcia, M., Catzeflis, F., Areskoug, V., Nguyen, T. T., & Couloux, A. (2012).

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The Chao Praya River Valley of Thailand was once primarily tropical seasonal moist deciduous forest and wet savanna that hosted populations of hog deer, the now-extinct

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Debrett's Complete Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: With Additions to the Present Time and a New Set of Coats of Arms from Drawings by Harvey

3884:, chase the White Stag on a hunt, as the Stag is said to grant its captor a wish. The hunt is key in returning the Pevensies to their home in England. In the 1979 book 1896:. This ancestor and its relatives occurred throughout North America and Eurasia, but were on the decline by at least 46 Mya. Analysis of a nearly complete skeleton of 1810:

feces. The parasite is not screened by the moose intestine, and passes into the brain where damage is done that is externally apparent, both in behaviour and in gait.

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Uresk, Daniel W., and Donald R. Dietz. "Fecal vs. Rumen Contents to Determine White-tailed Deer Diets." Intermountain Journal of Sciences 24, no. 3-4 (2018): 118–122.

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brought about significant geographic changes. This was the chief reason behind the extensive diversification of deer-like forms and the emergence of cervids from the

1284:). One way that different herbivores can survive together in a given area is for each species to have different food preferences, although there may be some overlap. 2159:

Large deer with impressive antlers evolved during the early Pleistocene, probably as a result of abundant resources to drive evolution. The early Pleistocene cervid

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were the first cervids to reach North America. This implies the Bering Strait could be crossed during the late Miocene–Pliocene; this appears highly probable as the

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of bovids. Characteristics typical of deer include long, powerful legs, a diminutive tail and long ears. Deer exhibit a broad variation in physical proportions. The

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van der Made, J.; Morales, J.; Sen, S.; Aslan, F. (2002). "The first camel from the Upper Miocene of Turkey and the dispersal of the camels into the Old World".

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since the late 1960s and are common farm animals there now. Seven other species of deer were introduced into New Zealand but none are as widespread as red deer.

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Pocock, R. The Homologies between the Branches of the Antlers of the Cervidae based on the Theory of Dichotomous Growth. Journal of Zoology 103, 377–406 (1933).

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The Cervinae emerged as the first group of extant cervids around 7–9 Mya, during the late Miocene in central Asia. The tribe Muntiacini made its appearance as

5020: 7075: 8412: 5887: 1777:, a disease which in the UK in 2005 cost £90 million in attempts to eradicate. In New Zealand, deer are thought to be important as vectors picking up 459: 1169:'s Terai Region. These fertile plains consist of tropical seasonal moist deciduous, dry deciduous forests, and both dry and wet savannas that are home to 815:. There are also several species of deer that are highly specialized and live almost exclusively in mountains, grasslands, swamps, and "wet" savannas, or 8298: 6384: 7187:

Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes.

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Brunson, Katherine; Lander, Brian (2023). "Deer and Humans in the Early Farming Communities of the Yellow River Valley: A Symbiotic Relationship".

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about one year. A male usually leaves and never sees his mother again, but females sometimes come back with their own fawns and form small herds.

14681: 6987: 6337:(Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China, and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny" 2029: 4146: 1974: 5510:

Samejima, Y., Matsuoka, H. A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia). Sci Rep 10, 8910 (2020).

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Deer of the Southwest : A Complete Guide to the Natural History, Biology, and Management of Southwestern Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer

4188:, which are utilized for making umbrella handles, and for similar purposes; elk antlers is often employed in making knife handles. Among the 2804: 1348:

Deer constitute the second most diverse family of artiodactyla after bovids. Though of a similar build, deer are strongly distinguished from

4149:. Those accidents cause about 150 human deaths and $ 1.1 billion in property damage annually. In Scotland, several roads including the 14835: 6177: 1902: 5944:; Stevens, M. S.; Stucky, R. K.; Webb, S. D.; Wright, D. B. (1998). "Artiodactyla". In Janis, C. M.; Scott, K. M.; Jacobs, L. L. (eds.). 5002: 2340: 2135: 8429: 2102:, appeared around the transition from Miocene to Pliocene (4.2–6 Mya) in Eurasia; cervine fossils from early Pliocene to as late as the 1821:

laboratory in the 1960s and is believed to be a prion disease. Out of an abundance of caution hunters are advised to avoid contact with

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standards, and high nutrition requirements. Rather than eating and digesting vast quantities of low-grade fibrous food as, for example,

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have forest areas that are not only home to sizable deer populations but also other animals that were once abundant such as the wisent,

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migrated into Asia from North America around the same time. Deer invaded South America in the late Pliocene (2.5–3 Mya) as part of the

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are infected, and transferring it to previously uninfected possums when their carcasses are scavenged elsewhere. The white-tailed deer

1948: 14655: 6730:"Early Pleistocene Cervidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Oosterschelde (the Netherlands), with a revision of the cervid genus 1414:

is quite pronounced – in most species males tend to be larger than females, and, except for the reindeer, only males have antlers.

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The highest concentration of large deer species in the tropics occurs in Southern Asia in India's Indo-Gangetic Plain Region and

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Brooke, V. On the classification of the Cervidæ, with a synopsis of the existing Species. Journal of Zoology 46, 883–928 (1878).

1299:, and chital. Red deer were introduced into New Zealand in 1851 from English and Scottish stock. Many have been domesticated in 13508: 8495: 8077: 4771: 2784: 6625:"Evidences of Early Pliocene fossil remains of tribe Cervini (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from the Siwaliks of Pakistan" 14712: 8391: 7411: 7030: 6957: 6712: 6243: 6081: 5991: 5961: 5563: 5532: 5203: 5178: 5112: 5076: 4909: 4884: 4853: 4828: 4803: 4754: 4729: 4701: 4673: 4648: 4605: 4571: 4510: 4485: 4457: 1603:. The elk and the reindeer may be exceptions, as they may retain their upper canines and thus have 34 teeth (dental formula: 14699: 3610: 13472: 3876: 3723: 2275:

suggested in 1878 that deer could be bifurcated into two classes on the according to the features of the second and fifth

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of their forelimbs: Plesiometacarpalia (most Old World deer) and Telemetacarpalia (most New World deer). He treated the

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discovered in 1982 gave rise to speculation that this ancestor could be closer to the non-ruminants than the ruminants.

12938: 7998: 7548: 7493: 7316: 6639: 2731: 3210: 8193: 8024: 7925: 7912: 7285: 7141:"Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography" 6496:"Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography" 5921: 4543: 4311: 991:

Historically, Europe's deer species shared their deciduous forest habitat with other herbivores, such as the extinct

8237: 6943: 5709:"Estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in England and Wales" 2005:

Fossil evidence suggests that the earliest members of the superfamily Cervoidea appeared in Eurasia in the Miocene.

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its home range. Bucks of a wide range of species open these glands wide when angry or excited. All deer have a

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of deer that have established sustainable wild populations. They are fallow deer, red deer, sambar, hog deer,

14720: 14485: 8847: 8440: 7586: 6584:"Remarks on some Eurasian pliocervines: Characteristics, evolution, and relationships with the tribe Cervini" 4266: 2118:

emerged during the late Pliocene–Pleistocene. The tribes Capreolini and Rangiferini appeared around 4–7 Mya.

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feature white spots on a brown coat. Coat of reindeer shows notable geographical variation. Deer undergo two

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Alan Cochrane (January 2019). "Don't fraternize with wild animals: biologist". Moncton Times&Transcript.

14825: 13746: 13741: 9636: 7652: 5658: 4199: 3090: 1311: 931: 3291: 1126:, elk, and moose. Asian caribou occupy the northern fringes of this region along the Sino-Russian border. 975:, and fallow deer. These species have long been associated with the continent of Europe, but also inhabit 811:

generally occupy dense forests and are less often seen in open spaces, with the possible exception of the

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of genetic quality; males with larger antlers relative to body size tend to have increased resistance to

13611: 6892:"Systematical and biochronological review of Plio-Pleistocene Alceini (Cervidae; Mammalia) from Eurasia" 5332:"Major-histocompatibility-complex-associated variation in secondary sexual traits of white-tailed deer ( 2261: 736:

Clearing open areas within forests to some extent may actually benefit deer populations by exposing the

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Bowyer, R. T. (1986). "Antler characteristics as related to social status of male southern mule deer".

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each year. These antlers are bony extensions of the skull and are often used for combat between males.

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Anonymous (2008). "Bovine TB: EFRACom calls for a multifaceted approach using all available methods".

14787: 14748: 11893: 8838: 8829: 7230:"Molecular and morphological phylogenies of Ruminantia and the alternative position of the Moschidae" 6761:

Lister, A. M.; Gonzalez, S.; Kitchener, A. C. (2000). "Survival of the Irish elk into the Holocene".

4285: 4165:(DVCs) that sets of vehicle activated automatic warning signs have been installed along these roads. 3989: 3807: 1963: 1561: 188: 8280: 5940:

Janis, C. M.; Effinger, J. A.; Harrison, J. A.; Honey, J. G.; Kron, D. G.; Lander, B.; Manning, E.;

3499: 2444: 14830: 14305: 13801: 13328: 11680: 6543:"Systematics and evolution of the Eurasian Plio-Pleistocene tribe Cervini (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)" 6238:. Interior Department, National Park Service, Division of Publications. February 1989. p. 31. 5953: 5330:

Ditchkoff, S. S.; Lochmiller, R. L.; Masters, R. E.; Hoofer, S. R.; Den Bussche, R. A. Van (2001).

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Deer had a central role in the ancient art, culture and mythology of various peoples including the

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has been a popular activity since the Middle Ages and remains a resource for many families today.

436: 416:) of tropical African and Asian forests are separate families that are also in the ruminant clade 14468: 14430: 13822: 13761: 13701: 13088: 13033: 12998: 12329: 11722: 9618: 8759: 7046: 7018: 6259:

Gentry, A. W.; Rössner, G. (1994). "The Miocene differentiation of Old World Pecora (Mammalia)".

3704: 2300: 2260:

in 1828), Cervinae (described by Goldfuss) and Hydropotinae (first described by French zoologist

1822: 1814: 1288: 1244:. Many of these South Asian and Southeast Asian deer species also share their habitat with other 712: 468: 14323: 14272: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 11842: 9278: 6705:

Antelopes, Deer, and Relatives: Fossil Record, Behavioral Ecology, Systematics, and Conservation

6154: 5836:"Management of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan wildlife: Current status and near term prospects" 5555: 5549: 4597: 4591: 3032: 1958:. The latter resembled modern-day bovids and cervids in dental morphology (for instance, it had 1441:

Nearly all deer have a facial gland in front of each eye. The gland contains a strongly scented

1031: 14774: 14504: 13204: 13181: 13137: 13076: 12931: 9380: 9086: 9005: 8145: 7973:"Andris Teikmanis: jaunizveidotais ģerbonis atveido Sēlijas unikalitāti, identitāti un vēsturi" 6845:"The extinction of the giant deer Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach): New radiocarbon evidence" 5168: 5068: 5062: 4975: 4967: 4925:

Ryder, M. L.; Kay, R. N. B. (1973). "Structure of and seasonal change in the coat of Red deer (

4535: 4416: 2241: 2098: 2082: 1846: 1789: 1434:, or cud-chewers, and have a four-chambered stomach. Some deer, such as those on the island of 1241: 1202: 1134: 1055: 935:

caribou have the most restricted range living at higher altitudes in the subalpine meadows and

919: 17: 14100: 5102: 4441: 4067:. The sea-stag, having the antlers, head, forelegs and upper body of a stag and the tail of a 14769: 14686: 13209: 13159: 13154: 13132: 13016: 12530: 11560: 9785: 9014: 8898: 8481: 8267: 7753: 7308: 7302: 6692: 5281: 5194:

Fletcher, T. J. (1986). "Reproduction: seasonality". In Alexander, T. L.; Buxton, D. (eds.).

4084: 4053: 3949: 2245: 1783: 1500: 1198: 559: 265: 42: 38: 31: 14761: 8215: 5945: 4527: 14603: 14551: 14328: 13115: 13081: 12973: 12837: 12603: 12594: 12539: 12164: 12128: 12101: 11509: 11500: 10945: 10936: 9302: 9161: 9104: 9050: 8407: 8295:"Inuit Bering Sea Eskimo Walrus Ivory and Iron Semi-Lunar Knife 'Ulu' (1800 to 1900 Inuit)" 7509: 7152: 7105: 6906: 6856: 6772: 6665: 6595: 6507: 6461: 6268: 6207: 6119: 6022: 5441: 3843: 3650: 3244: 3240: 2066: 1770: 1257: 1233: 1194: 927: 7570: 4876: 4870: 3953: 3802:

growing from its head; presumably this is the animal he had shot at the previous year. In

2151:, and emerged successful due to the small number of competing ruminants in the continent. 1696:

do, deer select easily digestible shoots, young leaves, fresh grasses, soft twigs, fruit,

1212: 8: 14186: 13984: 13966: 13756: 13339: 13291: 13266: 12968: 12783: 12485: 12476: 12224: 12092: 12065: 12001: 11662: 11542: 11491: 9170: 9077: 8668: 5946: 4110: 3926: 3654: 2800: 2712: 1774: 1446: 1190: 923: 886:

regions between Alberta and British Columbia where all five North American deer species (

728: 8102: 7156: 7109: 6910: 6860: 6776: 6669: 6599: 6511: 6465: 6272: 6211: 6123: 6026: 5445: 4452:(Illustrated ed.). Baltimore, US: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 249–56. 3842:

is about a young fawn who goes on a quest to save the Herla, the deer kind. In the 1942

2518: 14820: 14542: 14380: 14353: 13681: 13626: 13576: 13487: 13477: 13414: 13389: 13324: 13299: 13271: 13171: 12958: 12870: 12861: 12233: 12173: 12155: 12137: 12083: 12056: 12047: 11671: 11653: 11587: 11280: 11006: 10483: 10474: 10193: 9627: 9095: 8907: 8889: 8768: 8244: 7384: 7349: 7000: 6891: 6796: 6419: 6411: 6169: 6054: 6038: 5781: 5738: 5641: 5605: 5465: 5409: 5384: 5365: 5352: 5331: 5312: 5245: 5220: 5149: 4944: 4931: 4181: 4064: 3788: 3683: 3583: 3547: 3036: 2780: 2360: 1893: 1292: 1206: 1071: 1004: 980: 915: 883: 878:

The highest concentration of large deer species in temperate North America lies in the

577: 504: 444: 183: 8161: 7091: 6677: 5588:

Case, D.J.; McCullough, D.R. (February 1987). "White-tailed deer forage on alewives".

3366: 1635: 744:

Deer are widely distributed, with indigenous representatives in all continents except

604:, but the terms vary with dialect, and according to the size of the species. The male 14756: 14590: 14297: 14228: 14219: 14113: 13842: 13447: 13319: 13258: 13236: 13214: 13098: 13050: 12924: 12503: 12494: 12182: 12110: 12038: 11869: 11851: 11704: 10654: 10049: 10040: 9892: 9794: 9573: 9540: 9483: 9353: 8880: 8741: 8456: 8387: 8362: 7908: 7566: 7544: 7489: 7467: 7463: 7407: 7388: 7312: 7281: 7251: 7168: 7121: 7026: 6963: 6953: 6872: 6815: 6788: 6708: 6523: 6445: 6423: 6353: 6332: 6239: 6135: 6077: 6046: 6013: 5987: 5957: 5917: 5855: 5816: 5773: 5730: 5689: 5559: 5528: 5457: 5414: 5357: 5250: 5199: 5174: 5108: 5072: 4994: 4948: 4905: 4880: 4849: 4824: 4799: 4750: 4725: 4697: 4669: 4644: 4601: 4567: 4539: 4528: 4506: 4481: 4453: 4307: 3853: 3776: 3708: 3538: 3267: 2926: 2587:. The 2006 study identified two lineages in Cervinae, Cervini (comprising the genera 2348: 2208: 2148: 1713: 1483: 1411: 1329: 1319: 1130: 1119: 887: 852: 428: 378: 171: 8423: 8139: 7627: 7353: 7229: 6918: 6058: 5645: 5469: 5369: 4390: 14109: 14065: 14053: 13974: 13776: 13581: 13528: 13523: 13457: 13442: 13384: 13349: 13199: 13194: 13127: 13093: 13021: 12897: 12651: 12642: 12521: 12362: 12353: 12146: 11818: 11809: 11757: 11748: 11596: 11569: 11482: 11262: 10870: 10296: 10287: 10277: 10250: 9971: 9840: 9041: 9032: 9023: 8805: 8796: 8732: 8659: 8650: 8418: 8357: 8352: 8340: 8320:

Kawtikwar, Pravin (2010). "Deer antlers- Traditional use and future perspectives".

8166: 7376: 7341: 7241: 7160: 7140: 7113: 7065: 6996: 6914: 6864: 6800: 6780: 6763: 6673: 6603: 6515: 6495: 6469: 6403: 6348: 6311: 6276: 6215: 6127: 6103: 6030: 5847: 5808: 5785: 5765: 5742: 5720: 5681: 5633: 5597: 5449: 5404: 5396: 5347: 5304: 5277: 5240: 5232: 5141: 4984: 4940: 4798:(Revised ed.). Austin, Texas (US): University of Texas Press. pp. 263–4. 4689: 4473: 4168: 3793: 3712: 3666: 3642: 2237: 2204: 1748: 1545: 1513:) and progressively harden into bony structures (known as hard antlers), following 1146: 1106: 1093: 339: 8051: 6608: 6583: 6407: 2267:

Other attempts at the classification of deer have been based on morphological and

1946:. The latter half of the Oligocene (28–34 Mya) saw the appearance of the European 1743: 14595: 14556: 14480: 14392: 14077: 13922: 13907: 13902: 13837: 13518: 13482: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13309: 13281: 13055: 12978: 12627: 12618: 12566: 12557: 12338: 11195: 11186: 10663: 10259: 9311: 9221: 9059: 8871: 8750: 8723: 8714: 8444: 7332:

Lander, Brian; Brunson, Katherine (2018). "Wild Mammals of Ancient North China".

6982: 6868: 6700: 6034: 5981: 5941: 5851: 5128:

Wislocki, G. B. (1954). "Antlers in female deer, with a report of three cases in

4638: 4559: 4445: 4261: 4256: 3993: 3700: 3113: 2307:

Molecular phylogenetic analyses since the latter half of the 2000s all show that

2276: 2220: 2186: 2040: 1524: 1458: 1361: 796: 765: 568: 534: 512: 14725: 14569: 14141: 13596: 8462: 7164: 7117: 6519: 6131: 5725: 5708: 4968:"Effect of altered photoperiod on delayed implantation and moulting in roe deer" 4346: 4079: 4029: 1880:, the earliest known artiodactyl (even-toed ungulate), 50–55 Mya in the Eocene. 1684:

in northern latitudes during winter. They have small, unspecialized stomachs by

658: 14642: 14629: 14404: 14370: 14363: 13917: 13882: 13674: 13601: 13586: 13566: 13304: 13149: 13144: 13038: 13026: 12827: 12765: 12395: 12386: 11911: 11860: 11781: 11772: 11713: 11551: 11253: 11075: 11066: 10621: 10588: 10570: 10058: 9868: 9743: 9582: 8570: 8542: 7380: 6983:"On the classification of the Cervidœ, with a synopsis of the existing species" 6696: 6473: 6155:"Oligocene–early Miocene ruminants from the Valley of Lakes (central Mongolia)" 5685: 4634: 4505:(Revised ed.). Berkeley, US: University of California Press. p. 241. 4238: 4224: 4138: 3981: 3827: 3688: 3638: 3614: 3591: 2649: 2424: 2420: 2257: 2044: 1979: 1858: 1806: 1709: 1689: 1589: 1357: 1249: 1186: 1142: 1067: 1027: 945: 812: 667: 555: 489: 130: 8473: 7246: 6450:(Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Yuanmou, southwestern China" 6280: 5637: 5453: 4331: 1853:. Eventually, with the development of antlers, the tusks as well as the upper 138:

Images of a few members of the family Cervidae (clockwise from top left): the

14810: 14804: 14452: 14387: 14358: 14018: 13942: 13874: 12963: 12452: 12434: 12320: 12257: 12248: 11307: 11042: 11015: 10786: 10696: 10687: 10672: 10537: 10501: 10456: 10393: 10384: 9901: 9859: 9752: 9718: 9708: 9609: 9591: 9254: 9203: 9113: 8677: 8366: 6939: 6876: 6624: 5511: 5383:

Malo, A. F.; Roldan, E. R. S.; Garde, J.; Soler, A. J.; Gomendio, M. (2005).

5219:

Malo, A. F.; Roldan, E. R. S.; Garde, J.; Soler, A. J.; Gomendio, M. (2005).

4952: 4793: 3957: 3937: 3933: 3910: 3903: 3634: 3630: 3550: 3362: 3012: 2272: 1857:

disappeared. Thus, evolution of deer took nearly 30 million years. Biologist

1550: 1510: 1237: 1225: 1075: 936: 906:) can be found. This region has several clusters of national parks including 856: 824: 816: 800: 636: 288: 88: 13827: 7198:

Heckeberg, N. S., Erpenbeck, D., Wörheide, G., & Rössner, G. E. (2016).

6967: 6316: 6295: 5986:(1st ed.). Texas, US: Texas A & M University Press. pp. 1–57. 2225: 14527: 14465:

Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)

14442: 14420: 14375: 14253: 13912: 13817: 13452: 13379: 13344: 13189: 13122: 13045: 12983: 12846: 12815: 12705: 12377: 12191: 12119: 11992: 11935: 11926: 11644: 11578: 11340: 11298: 11213: 11024: 10744: 10735: 10597: 10528: 10417: 10408: 10150: 9919: 9600: 9555: 9522: 9293: 9185: 9152: 9068: 8384:

Deerland: America's Hunt for Ecological Balance and the Essence of Wildness

7457: 7255: 7172: 7125: 7014: 6792: 6527: 6220: 6195: 6139: 6050: 5859: 5820: 5812: 5777: 5734: 5693: 5461: 5418: 5400: 5361: 5254: 5236: 4692:; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (2013). 4437: 4218: 4106: 3945: 3857: 3838: 3832: 3780: 3574: 3347: 2643: 2589: 2584: 2575: 2363:

from the Bovidae-Moschidae clade 27 to 28 million years ago. The following

2344: 2336: 2332: 2296: 2164: 2061: 1906:

is another prominent prehistoric ruminant, but appears to be closer to the

1619: 1518: 1462: 1079: 941: 788: 784: 776: 770: 757: 448: 13854: 13571: 13550: 7070: 4998: 4989: 1609: 1606: 1598: 1595: 1252:, the various Asian rhinoceros species, various antelope species (such as 14668: 14536: 14447: 14289: 13786: 13766: 13634: 13513: 13276: 12467: 12215: 11377: 11331: 11322: 11271: 11223: 11084: 10926: 10519: 10510: 10338: 10132: 10123: 10113: 10007: 9850: 9660: 9651: 9564: 9407: 9329: 9212: 9137: 9128: 8505: 8248: 5769: 4668:(2nd ed.). Colorado, US: University Press of Colorado. p. 445. 4251: 4134: 4114: 3961: 3871: 3819: 3799: 3674: 3658: 3555: 3192: 3181: 2870: 2727: 2637: 2601: 2234: 2173: 2103: 2077: 2035: 1989: 1968: 1959: 1766: 1730: 1529: 1454: 1424: 1217: 1182: 1158: 1138: 1043: 780: 630:, especially if three or more years old. The young of small species is a 622: 548: 480: 424: 370: 366: 304: 240: 63: 14262: 13859: 13334: 7345: 6415: 6173: 5834:

O'Brien, D. J.; Schmitt, S. M.; Fitzgerald, S. D.; Berry, D. E. (2011).

4090:

Deer have long had economic significance to humans. Deer meat, known as

955: 13947: 13937: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13832: 13706: 13664: 13644: 13616: 13606: 12993: 12074: 11974: 11799: 11391: 10813: 10795: 10546: 10241: 10226: 10217: 10184: 9961: 9767: 9684: 9675: 9450: 9441: 9320: 9245: 8786: 8607: 6042: 5609: 5316: 5153: 4049: 4037: 3965: 3898: 3670: 3587: 3543: 3459: 3426: 3332: 3086: 2850: 2699: 2655: 2440: 2390: 2374: 2309: 2289: 2256:

were recognised: Capreolinae (first described by the English zoologist

2169: 2160: 2131: 2122: 2094: 2051: 2019: 2007: 1983: 1954: 1923: 1907: 1889: 1876: 1802: 1494: 1296: 1178: 1087: 745: 737: 417: 413: 409: 390: 274: 155: 108: 73: 14281: 6581: 5707:

Ward, A. I.; Smith, G. C.; Etherington, T. R.; Delahay, R. J. (2009).

5196:

Management and Diseases of Deer: A Handbook for the Veterinary Surgeon

2043:) also had antlers that were not shed. Contemporary forms such as the 704: 14673: 14616: 14348: 13952: 13932: 13927: 13736: 13721: 13538: 13243: 12774: 12695: 12548: 12419: 12410: 11884: 11458: 11449: 11434: 11425: 11289: 10861: 10645: 10579: 10465: 9980: 9776: 9465: 9389: 9269: 8820: 8705: 8695: 8589: 8580: 7304:

The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World's First Artists

7092:

Christian Pitra; Joerns Fickel; Eric Meijaard; Colin grooves (2004).

6784: 6582:

Petronio, C.; Krakhmalnaya, T.; Bellucci, L.; Di Stefano, G. (2007).

6196:"Comments on the relationships of the cervoid family Palaeomerycidae" 4596:(1st ed.). Michigan, US: University of Michigan Press. pp. 4158: 4125: 4121: 4060: 3997: 3803: 3662: 3579: 3287: 2946: 2631: 2619: 2613: 2580: 2514: 2384: 2364: 2328: 2315: 2292:

in the late 20th century has been flawed by several inconsistencies.

2280: 2253: 2178: 1939: 1931: 1657: 1442: 1324: 1300: 1261: 1245: 1123: 1098: 1083: 949: 891: 868: 749: 653: 541: 519: 405: 401: 200: 147: 113: 14660: 14498: 13591: 12741: 7632:АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "ГУСЕВСКИЙ ГОРОДСКОЙ ОКРУГ" 7051:"Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae" 5952:(1st ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 5888:"Wildlife and Heritage Service : Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)" 5835: 5601: 5308: 5198:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Veterinary Deer Society. pp. 17–8. 5145: 5107:. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 103–15. 5104:

Bones and Cartilage: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology

3572:

Deer were an important source of food for early hominids. In China,

2065:

poorly represented (as in elk), probably because diet was no longer

1479: 768:

in the northwest of the continent. Another extinct species of deer,

14621: 14521: 14437: 13979: 13864: 13791: 13771: 13716: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13219: 12947: 12683: 12311: 11983: 11695: 11533: 11473: 11138: 10837: 10369: 10314: 10202: 10031: 9507: 9498: 9474: 9362: 9236: 8986: 8862: 8558: 8536: 8524: 8455: 7854: 7829: 7433: 7212: 7199: 7138: 5798: 4643:(1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, US: Stackpole Books. pp. 1–54. 4198:

women's knife was made with an antler or ivory handle. In China, a

4185: 4173: 4154: 4150: 4025: 4021: 3985: 3973: 3941: 3922: 3867: 3811: 3768: 3756: 3728: 3626: 3439: 3205: 2906: 2688: 2667: 2607: 2285: 2268: 2090: 1943: 1871: 1818: 1773:) have been implicated as a possible reservoir for transmission of 1753: 1685: 1640: 1554: 1533: 1431: 1419: 1349: 1339: 1265: 1174: 1150: 1047: 1015: 976: 972: 959: 832: 761: 605: 479:

was originally broad in meaning, becoming more specific with time.

432: 382: 374: 362: 350: 335: 332: 309: 220: 139: 103: 98: 83: 78: 68: 14198: 14150: 8437: 7779: 4009: 3915: 3836:

was about a boy's relationship with a baby deer. The fiction book

1410: lb). The southern pudu is only slightly taller and heavier. 14089: 13847: 13781: 13751: 13731: 13726: 13711: 13691: 13545: 13533: 13503: 13462: 13426: 13359: 13314: 13110: 13071: 12888: 12723: 12584: 12443: 11833: 11620: 11611: 11524: 11410: 11401: 11373: 11129: 11033: 10997: 10912: 10908: 10879: 10804: 10492: 10365: 10326: 9910: 9827: 9733: 8996: 8946: 8641: 7025:. Washington, US: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 21–59. 6945:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

5833: 5527:(4th ed.). Boston, US: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 153–4. 4724:. Baltimore, US: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1–142. 4566:. Baltimore, US: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 61–84. 4091: 4068: 4045: 4041: 4013: 3748: 3736: 3595: 3560: 3485: 2753: 2494: 2352: 2140: 2126: 1854: 1850: 1705: 1661: 1644: 1624: 1615: 1356:, which are temporary and regularly regrown unlike the permanent 1281: 1277: 1154: 1051: 1023: 1019: 1008: 996: 967: 895: 828: 804: 732: 440: 354: 163: 118: 93: 8138: 7804: 7200:

Systematic relationships of five newly sequenced cervid species.

6236:

Agate Fossil Beds: Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Nebraska

5329: 4696:. Vol. VI. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 116. 4480:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 499. 4033: 1997:

had bony skull outgrowths that resembled non-deciduous antlers.

1845:, and gradually developed into the first antlered cervoids (the 1003:(European bison). Good places to see deer in Europe include the 792: 498: 492: 483: 14425: 14399: 14174: 14006: 13796: 13686: 13669: 13639: 13419: 13374: 13364: 13105: 12988: 12732: 12301: 12206: 12029: 12019: 11635: 11147: 10987: 10969: 10960: 10846: 10768: 10720: 10711: 10169: 10160: 10095: 10086: 10076: 9998: 9531: 9344: 9194: 8530: 8518: 8078:"Why venison is good for you | Joanna Blythman and Rosie Sykes" 7602: 4001: 3977: 3881: 3815: 3772: 3618: 3382: 3128: 2595: 2407: 2013: 1918: 1885: 1874:, ancestors of the Cervidae, are believed to have evolved from 1842: 1838: 1795: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1681: 1490: 1474: 1353: 1253: 1221: 1170: 1059: 1039: 1000: 992: 848: 836: 820: 753: 724: 708: 394: 282: 250: 230: 210: 30:

This article is about the ruminant animal. For other uses, see

8461: 7728: 7703: 7678: 7280:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 123–32. 5622: 4772:"A record of a dwarf brocket from Lowland Madre De Dios, Peru" 4688: 4330:(4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. Archived from 3796:'s Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia 2671:

species). The following cladogram is based on the 2006 study.

1627:, instead having a tough pad at the front of their upper jaw. 1544:, and are intended primarily for reproductive success through 1435: 596:

For many types of deer in modern English usage, the male is a

439:. Their economic importance includes the use of their meat as 14608: 14041: 13696: 13369: 13248: 13231: 12756: 12714: 12289: 11959: 11950: 11244: 11171: 11162: 11093: 10822: 10777: 10636: 10561: 10441: 10432: 9943: 9934: 9426: 9417: 8626: 8617: 7021:(1987). "Relationships of living deer". In Wemmer, C. (ed.). 4189: 4017: 3969: 3848: 3752: 3646: 3599: 3495: 3491: 2625: 2356: 1673: 1665: 1450: 1365: 1166: 1137:, and elk have historically been farmed for their antlers by 1063: 1035: 903: 860: 844: 840: 720: 620:, as in cattle. In older usage, the male of any species is a 431:, religion, and literature throughout history, as well as in 386: 8341:"Pests or valued resources? Conflicts in management of deer" 6300:: morphology, growth cycle, ontogeny, and sexual dimorphism" 6102:

Ludt, C. J.; Schroeder, W.; Rottmann, O.; Kuehn, R. (2004).

14145: 13354: 12916: 11902: 11232: 11120: 11102: 10759: 10612: 10016: 9883: 9699: 8422: 7947: 7213:

The systematics of the Cervidae: A total evidence approach.

6655: 5706: 5067:(3rd ed.). New York, US: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 4664:

Armstrong, D. M.; Fitzgerald, J. P.; Meaney, C. A. (2011).

4564:

Horns, Tusks, and Flippers: The Evolution of Hoofed Mammals

4180:

The skins make a peculiarly strong, soft leather, known as

4095: 3764: 3760: 3732: 3665:, the sika deer is believed to be a messenger to the gods. 3598:

in southwestern France include some 90 images of stags. In

2661: 1935: 1834: 1677: 1669: 1580: 1565: 1273: 1011: 984: 872: 864: 808: 11370: 7502: 6101: 5939: 5890:. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Archived from 5525:

A Field Guide to Mammals of North America, North of Mexico

497:

meant a wild animal of any kind. Cognates of Old English

12512: 11111: 11057: 9989: 9371: 5385:"Antlers honestly advertise sperm production and quality" 5221:"Antlers honestly advertise sperm production and quality" 4663: 4640:

Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour and Ecology

4370: 4232: 4194: 3890:, The Great White Stag is the leader of all the animals. 3669:, deer are associated with great medicinal significance; 2966: 2027:

featured single-forked antlers that were shed regularly.

1735: 1382:–14 in) at the shoulder and weighs 3.3–6 kilograms ( 1334: 899: 626:, especially if over five years old, and the female is a 358: 8192:. Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Archived from 6843:

Lister, Adrian M.; Stuart, Anthony J. (1 January 2019).

6707:. New Haven, US: Yale University Press. pp. 38–64. 5827: 5670: 5431: 5268:

Emlen, D. J. (2008). "The evolution of animal weapons".

4328:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

3699:, means "friend". The name is borne by a famous hero of 10362: 8238:"North West Area: Vehicle Activated Deer Warning Signs" 6760: 6493: 5389:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

5225:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

4142:

earns over $ 100 million annually for these countries.

1564:, antlers also provide protection against predation by 1430:

Deer are also excellent jumpers and swimmers. Deer are

420:; they are not especially closely related to Cervidae. 10905: 6152: 2106:

have been excavated in China and the Himalayas. While

4846:

Field Guide to Invasive Plants and Animals in Britain

3641:, and certain East Asian cultures. For instance, the 2359:

sister to Cervidae. According to the study, Cervidae

1813:

Deer, elk and moose in North America may suffer from

731:. While often associated with forests, many deer are 37:"Fawn" and "Stag" redirect here. For other uses, see 7307:(1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 6293: 5749: 5664: 5382: 5270:

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

5218: 4868: 4214: 3921:

Deer of various types appear frequently in European

3691:, where it is derived from two elements: the first, 2033:

had more developed and diffuse ("crowned") antlers.

1966:. Other deer-like forms included the North American 847:

that inhabit taiga and adjacent areas. Huemul deer (

823:. Some deer have a circumpolar distribution in both 8450:

Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Deer

6622: 5792: 5170:

The Real Rudolph: A Natural History of the Reindeer

3582:, while the red deer was hunted in Germany. In the 1833:Deer are believed to have evolved from antlerless, 6540: 6296:"The antler-like appendages of the primitive deer 4848:. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 170. 3747:. There are several mentions of the animal in the 3711:. The name was popularised in the 18th century by 1540:Antlers might be one of the most exaggerated male 8076:Blythman, Joanna; Sykes, Rosie (September 2013). 5914:Deer Antlers Regeneration, Function and Evolution 5700: 2635:and the subfamily Hydropotinae) and Rangiferini ( 2623:). Capreolinae featured three lineages, Alceini ( 393:), as well as female reindeer, grow and shed new 14802: 8433:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). pp. 922–924. 7139:Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A. (2006). 6494:Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin, A. (2006). 3952:. Coats of arms featuring deer include those of 3767:tries to catch. In the absence of both Rama and 2319:, and “Hydropotinae” became outdated subfamily. 1849:of cervids and related extinct families) in the 1291:releases in the 19th century, Australia has six 8503: 7653:"Положение о символах города Нижнего Новгорода" 7275: 7227: 7223: 7221: 6988:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 6813: 6727: 6623:Ghaffar, A.; Akhtar, M.; Nayyer, A. Q. (2011). 6104:"Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer ( 6071: 5975: 5973: 4965: 4747:A Field Guide to the Mammals of South-East Asia 4719: 4408: 528: 522: 389:). Male deer of almost all species (except the 7538: 7456:The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the 6889: 6728:De Vos, J.; Mol, D.; Reumer, J. W. F. (1995). 6489: 6487: 6485: 6483: 5948:Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 5587: 4818: 4558: 4500: 4147:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2327:Until 2003, it was understood that the family 2214: 2047:eventually gave rise to the modern pronghorn. 1752:it clean until it is almost free of scent, so 612:, while for other large species the male is a 12932: 8489: 8075: 7543:(1st American ed.). New York: Firebird. 7366: 7331: 6444:Dong, W.; Pan, Y.; Liu, J. (September 2004). 6294:Azanza, B.; DeMiguel, D.; Andrés, M. (2011). 6258: 6162:Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 5875: 5054: 5021:"Scottish Deer Are Culprits in Bird Killings" 4869:Bowers, N.; Bowers, R.; Kaufmann, K. (2004). 4823:. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press. p. 113. 3880:the adult Pevensies, now kings and queens of 1712:along lakeshores or depredating the nests of 944:grassland habitats are left to herds of elk, 8339:Nugent, G.; Fraser, K. W. (1 October 1993). 8338: 8247:. April 2010. 07/NW/0805/046. Archived from 7575:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 208–210, 7532: 7454:Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum (1997) 7218: 6938: 6842: 6693:"Evolutionary history of New World Cervidae" 5979: 5970: 5935: 5933: 5060: 4769: 4552: 4432: 4430: 1726:Rut (mammalian reproduction) § Cervidae 1614:). The Chinese water deer, tufted deer, and 571: 454: 7880:"Jelenia Gora - Deer Mountain Coat of Arms" 7094:"Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer" 7013: 6816:"Antler growth and extinction of Irish elk" 6814:Moen, R. A.; Pastor, J.; Yosef, C. (1999). 6480: 6330: 6072:Eldredge, N.; Stanley, S. M., eds. (1984). 5907: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5548:Cockerill, R. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5088: 4875:. New York, US: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 4843: 4682: 4501:Jameson, E. W.; Peeters, H. J. Jr. (2004). 1588:Most deer bear 32 teeth; the corresponding 562: 447:, and their antlers as handles for knives. 12939: 12925: 8578: 8496: 8482: 7999:"Latviešu vēsturisko zemju ģerboņu likums" 7897: 7562: 7560: 7007: 6974: 6443: 6252: 5512:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64555-7 5046:Dale, Michael (1988). "Carnivorous Deer". 5023:. National Geographic News. Archived from 4478:The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals 4466: 4161:have had significant enough problems with 2341:National Museum of Natural History, France 2168:was comparable in size to the modern elk. 2023:were probably the first antlered cervids. 1765:In some areas of the UK, deer (especially 129: 12813: 10285: 8356: 8319: 7729:"ГЕРБ ЯМАЛО-НЕНЕЦКОГО АВТОНОМНОГО ОКРУГА" 7584: 7514:"An Account of A Visit from St. Nicholas" 7245: 7069: 7039: 6607: 6370:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 6352: 6341:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 6315: 6219: 6153:Vislobokova, I.; Daxner-Höck, G. (2001). 5930: 5755: 5724: 5547: 5408: 5351: 5244: 5039: 4988: 4715: 4713: 4657: 4427: 4414: 2579:This as well as previous studies support 2569: 2322: 1584:An example of a deer's mandible and teeth 1521:in the tissue, from the tip to the base. 12694: 10084: 8417: 8050:Kralj, Richard Andrew (September 2014). 7276:Feldhamer, G. A.; McShea, W. J. (2011). 7271: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7228:Hassanin, A.; Douzery, E. J. P. (2003). 7189:Comptes Rendus Biologies, 335(1), 32–50. 6367: 5916:. Oxford, UK: Elsevier. pp. 43–51. 5898: 5581: 5554:. New York, US: Facts on File. pp. 5336:) evidence for good-genes advertisement" 5282:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173502 5193: 5127: 5085: 5012: 4966:Lincoln, G. A.; Guinness, F. E. (1972). 4924: 4819:Hames, D. S.; Koshowski, Denise (1999). 4791: 4749:. London, UK: New Holland. p. 130. 4720:Feldhamer, G. A.; McShea, W. J. (2012). 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4585: 4583: 4167: 4105: 4078: 3909: 3897: 3722: 3609: 3542: 2271:differences. The Anglo-Irish naturalist 2224: 2076: 1917: 1729: 1634: 1579: 1523: 1499: 1478: 1438:, do consume meat when it is available. 1310: 1211: 1092: 954: 703: 458: 349:). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies 8985: 8556: 8322:Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 7903:Clara Nevéus och Bror Jacques de Wærn: 7557: 7477: 7458:Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera 7426: 7406:. Raleigh, N.C.: Lulu. pp. 78–79. 7132: 6193: 6187: 6097: 6095: 6093: 4744: 4494: 4472: 4421:Te Ara: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 3586:, the reindeer was the staple food for 2583:in Cervinae, while Capreolinae appears 14: 14803: 8703: 8208: 8187: 8159: 8132: 8130: 8095: 7704:"ГЕРБ СЛАВСКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА" 7483: 7300: 7294: 6980: 6382: 6333:"A new species of crown-antlered deer 6287: 5871: 5869: 5425: 5294: 4710: 4436: 3775:kidnaps Sita. Many of the allegorical 2351:analyses, revealed that Moschidae and 435:, such as red deer that appear in the 427:cave paintings onwards, and they have 14503: 14502: 12920: 12812: 12681: 12680: 12286: 11369: 10904: 10361: 9823: 8969: 8555: 8477: 8386:by Al Cambronne, Lyons Press (2013), 8136: 8049: 7679:"ГЕРБ ОДИНЦОВСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОКРУГА" 7508: 7448: 7427:Harding, Andrew (23 September 2006). 7401: 7262: 7145:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7098:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7085: 7045: 6832:from the original on 29 October 2013. 6541:Di Stefano, G.; Petronio, C. (2002). 6500:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6385:"Pleistocene and Holocene records of 6228: 6112:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5652: 5267: 5166: 4899: 4785: 4633: 4614: 4589: 4580: 4071:, is often found in German heraldry. 3806:lore (such as in the narrative poem " 1461:, which gives them sufficiently good 1030:, and some National Parks, including 962:herds standing on snow to avoid flies 14749:e453e55e-9524-44ed-8988-416d0ff88311 14648:11775a0c-f5d4-4992-ad19-8f6342a3b8ca 10121: 8216:"Worst states for auto-deer crashes" 7928:. Queensland Government. 5 July 2017 7081:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6932: 6928:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6851:. SI: Quaternary International 500. 6750:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6690: 6645:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6632:Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 6433:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6331:Wang, X.; Xie, G.; Dong, W. (2009). 6090: 6006: 5911: 5522: 5516: 5212: 5100: 5045: 5018: 5008:from the original on 9 October 2022. 4844:Booy, O.; Wade, M.; Roy, H. (2015). 4534:. Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft. p. 4525: 4519: 4128:in a stag−drawn carriage. Late 1780s 3948:. A deer appears on the arms of the 3877:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 3695:, means "deer"; the second element, 3673:is thought by some in China to have 3532: 2177:(Pliocene–Pleistocene) featured the 871:, with the fawns behaving more like 14836:Taxa named by Georg August Goldfuss 8970: 8413:Chronic Wasting Disease Information 8127: 8115:from the original on 9 October 2022 8029:Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 6183:from the original on 23 April 2016. 5866: 5541: 5173:. New York, US: The History Press. 5064:International Wildlife Encyclopedia 4904:. Krause Publications. p. 39. 4316: 3653:(4th century BC), possibly depicts 1962:molars), while the former was more 1660:, and feed primarily on foliage of 324: 24: 12287: 9824: 8377: 7488:. London: Continuum. p. 109. 7001:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1878.tb08033.x 5353:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00794.x 4945:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb05044.x 4821:Hoofed Mammals of British Columbia 4770:Trolle, M.; Emmons, L. H. (2004). 4344: 3940:, England, and its county town of 2189:. The Irish elk reached 2 metres ( 1557:and higher reproductive capacity. 1268:in India), and wild oxen (such as 922:on the British Columbia side, and 863:fill the ecological niches of the 25: 14847: 14816:Extant Rupelian first appearances 8397: 8137:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). 7205: 7192: 7179: 6890:Breda, M.; Marchetti, M. (2005). 6007:Rose, K. D. (1982). "Skeleton of 4593:Mammals of the Great Lakes Region 3184: (New World deer) 2691: (Old World deer) 1841:and diminutive deer in the early 1781:in areas where brushtail possums 1742:Nearly all cervids are so-called 14474: 14140: 14108: 8464:The New Student's Reference Work 8332: 8313: 8287: 8230: 8181: 8160:Laskow, Sarah (27 August 2014). 8153: 8069: 8043: 8017: 7991: 7965: 7940: 7918: 7872: 7847: 7822: 7797: 7772: 7746: 7721: 7696: 7671: 7657:Городская Дума Нижнего Новгорода 7645: 7620: 7595: 7578: 7486:Readings in Indigenous Religions 6354:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00491.x 4231: 4217: 3763:is lured by a golden deer which 3715:, creator of 'Ossianic poetry'. 3498: 3462: 3442: 3385: 3365: 3290: 3270: 3243: 3209: 3131: 3089: 3035: 3015: 2970: 2949: 2929: 2909: 2873: 2853: 2803: 2783: 2730: 2517: 2497: 2470: 2443: 2423: 2393: 2339:study by Alexandre Hassanin (of 2240:Cervidae. This family was first 2147:, thanks to the recently formed 1837:ancestors that resembled modern 1542:secondary sexual characteristics 1118:in the world where one can find 999:(forest ox), and the endangered 465:Frederick III, Elector of Saxony 187: 61: 8848:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 8190:"Deer Venison Ranching Profile" 7780:"Velkommen til Gjemnes kommune" 7420: 7395: 7360: 7325: 6919:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.05.005 6883: 6836: 6807: 6754: 6721: 6684: 6649: 6616: 6575: 6534: 6437: 6389:: a review of the FAUNMAP data" 6376: 6361: 6324: 6146: 6065: 6000: 5880: 5616: 5572: 5504: 5495: 5486: 5476: 5376: 5323: 5288: 5261: 5187: 5160: 5121: 5061:Burton, M.; Burton, R. (2002). 4959: 4918: 4893: 4862: 4837: 4812: 4763: 4738: 3814:are often depicted pulling the 2207:for large antlers and body and 1719: 697: 353:(which includes, among others, 9637:Central American red brocket ( 8358:10.1080/03014223.1993.10420359 8345:New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7907:, Streiffert, Stockholm 1992, 7760:. National Archives of Finland 7334:The Journal of Chinese History 6950:Johns Hopkins University Press 6942:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). 5434:Nature Ecology & Evolution 5019:Owen, James (25 August 2003). 4415:McLintock, A. H., ed. (1966). 4383: 4364: 4338: 4296: 4279: 4100:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3567: 2154: 2121:Around 5 Mya, the rangiferina 1306: 912:Glacier National Park (Canada) 908:Mount Revelstoke National Park 756:has only one native deer, the 648:. A group of any species is a 640:; a very small young may be a 443:, their skins as soft, strong 373:(which includes, among others 13: 1: 13467: 7278:Deer: The Animal Answer Guide 6823:Evolutionary Ecology Research 6678:10.1016/S1631-0683(02)00012-X 6609:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.01.002 6408:10.1080/2052546.2000.11932020 6011:, oldest known artiodactyl". 4722:Deer: The Animal Answer Guide 4530:The Wild Mammals of Wisconsin 4450:The Evolution of Artiodactyls 4272: 4267:Reindeer hunting in Greenland 1892:characteristic of all modern 1801:Docile moose may suffer from 1201:are most famous. Sri Lanka's 14231:(metal in the United States) 12946: 10344:Large subfamily listed below 10332:Large subfamily listed below 10320:Large subfamily listed below 7572:A Complete Guide to Heraldry 6869:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.03.025 6035:10.1126/science.216.4546.621 5852:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.042 5713:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 4200:traditional chinese medicine 3936:can be found in the arms of 3887:The Animals of Farthing Wood 3678:civilizations in the Andes. 2367:is based on the 2003 study. 1913: 1828: 1817:, which was identified at a 1493:, with the exception of the 1129:Deer such as the sika deer, 932:Glacier National Park (U.S.) 7: 8839:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 8830:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 8218:. CNN.com. 14 November 2006 7591:. J. G. & F. Rivington. 7585:Courthope, William (1839). 7539:Clement-Davies, D. (2007). 7165:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.017 7118:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013 6520:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.017 6200:American Journal of Science 6132:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.003 5726:10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1104 5551:The Encyclopedia of Mammals 5297:The Southwestern Naturalist 4902:Strategic Whitetail Hunting 4351:Online Etymology Dictionary 4247:Australian Deer Association 4210: 4074: 3893: 3718: 3681:The common male given name 3605: 2343:) and colleagues, based on 2215:Taxonomy and classification 2072: 10: 14852: 7977:Latvijas Valsts Prezidents 7429:"Beijing's penis emporium" 7381:10.1007/s10745-023-00432-x 6899:Quaternary Science Reviews 6474:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.06.002 6076:. New York, US: Springer. 5686:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.11.011 4779:Deer Specialist Group News 4286:'deer' singular and plural 3863:Bambi, a Life in the Woods 3536: 2218: 2145:Great American Interchange 2000: 1760: 1723: 1630: 1472: 1468: 719:Deer live in a variety of 507:have the general sense of 429:played a role in mythology 36: 29: 14511: 14461: 14413: 14341: 14314: 14238: 14207: 14161: 14099: 14028: 13993: 13965: 13873: 13810: 13625: 13559: 13496: 13435: 13290: 13257: 13180: 13064: 13009: 12954: 12887: 12859: 12835: 12826: 12822: 12808: 12775:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 12766:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 12754: 12703: 12690: 12676: 12640: 12616: 12592: 12583: 12465: 12432: 12408: 12375: 12351: 12330:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 12309: 12300: 12296: 12282: 12246: 12204: 12027: 12018: 11972: 11948: 11924: 11882: 11831: 11807: 11798: 11770: 11746: 11739: 11693: 11633: 11609: 11522: 11471: 11447: 11423: 11399: 11390: 11386: 11365: 11320: 11221: 11212: 11184: 11160: 11055: 10995: 10986: 10958: 10934: 10925: 10921: 10900: 10859: 10835: 10757: 10733: 10709: 10685: 10634: 10610: 10559: 10454: 10430: 10406: 10382: 10378: 10357: 10337: 10325: 10313: 10276: 10239: 10215: 10182: 10158: 10149: 10112: 10075: 10029: 9969: 9960: 9932: 9881: 9848: 9839: 9835: 9819: 9765: 9731: 9697: 9673: 9649: 9619:Amazonian brown brocket ( 9553: 9520: 9496: 9463: 9439: 9415: 9406: 9342: 9291: 9267: 9234: 9183: 9150: 9126: 8994: 8981: 8965: 8952:Large family listed below 8945: 8940:Large family listed below 8933: 8917:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 8860: 8818: 8794: 8785: 8694: 8639: 8615: 8606: 8569: 8565: 8551: 8513: 8188:Burden, Dan (June 2012). 8052:"Venison, Is It For You?" 7247:10.1080/10635150390192726 7211:Heckeberg, N. S. (2020). 6372:. II (in French): 319–22. 6281:10.1080/10292389409380449 5980:Heffelfinger, J. (2006). 5638:10.1656/1528-7092-7.3.562 5454:10.1038/s41559-018-0657-5 4293:accessed 14 November 2020 3808:A Visit from St. Nicholas 3489: 3457: 3437: 3430: 3380: 3360: 3345: 3330: 3323: 3285: 3265: 3258: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3203: 3196: 3186: 3126: 3111: 3104: 3084: 3077: 3030: 3010: 3003: 2964: 2944: 2924: 2904: 2897: 2868: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2827: 2798: 2778: 2771: 2764: 2757: 2725: 2710: 2703: 2693: 2682: 2512: 2492: 2485: 2465: 2458: 2438: 2418: 2411: 2388: 2378: 1865: 1562:Yellowstone National Park 455:Etymology and terminology 301: 296: 280: 273: 184:Scientific classification 182: 137: 128: 52: 11016:Domestic water buffalo ( 9381:Central Asian red deer ( 9006:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 7301:Curtis, Gregory (2006). 6849:Quaternary International 6556:: 311–34. Archived from 4872:Mammals of North America 4792:Schmidly, D. J. (2004). 4562:; Schoch, R. M. (2002). 3950:Israeli Postal Authority 3824:Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings 2295:In 1987, the zoologists 2262:Édouard Louis Trouessart 1643:browsing tree leaves in 1575: 1270:wild Asian water buffalo 1056:Białowieża National Park 995:(forest horse), extinct 783:have been introduced to 764:that is confined to the 644:. A castrated male is a 423:Deer appear in art from 14469:List of oldest heraldry 11894:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 11681:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 9786:Yucatan brown brocket ( 9015:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 8899:Philippine mouse-deer ( 8443:22 October 2020 at the 8430:Encyclopædia Britannica 6317:10.3989/egeol.40559.207 6194:Stirton, R. A. (1944). 5840:Veterinary Microbiology 5626:Southeastern Naturalist 4745:Francis, C. M. (2008). 4163:deer vehicle collisions 4137:of Scandinavia and the 3944:; both are examples of 2114:appeared nearly 3 Mya, 1987:, that was replaced by 1952:and the North American 1884:, nearly the size of a 1823:specified risk material 1815:chronic wasting disease 1651: 1289:acclimatisation society 880:Canadian Rocky Mountain 831:. Examples include the 662:; like the family name 634:and of large species a 529: 523: 499: 493: 484: 469:Lucas Cranach the Elder 12604:White-lipped peccary ( 12540:Philippine warty pig ( 12165:Yellow-backed duiker ( 12129:Black-fronted duiker ( 12102:White-bellied duiker ( 11723:Przewalski's gazelle ( 10946:Four-horned antelope ( 9744:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 9303:Visayan spotted deer ( 9162:European fallow deer ( 9105:Northern red muntjac ( 9051:Southern red muntjac ( 8275:Cite journal requires 8146:Encyclopedia Americana 7402:Chugg, Andrew (2006). 6658:Comptes Rendus Palevol 6454:Comptes Rendus Palevol 6383:Walker, D. N. (2000). 6221:10.2475/ajs.242.12.633 5813:10.1053/tvjl.2001.0667 5801:The Veterinary Journal 5674:The Veterinary Journal 5401:10.1098/rspb.2004.2933 5334:Odocoileus virginianus 5237:10.1098/rspb.2004.2933 4448:; Foss, S. E. (eds.). 4306:(2013), Karttakeskus, 4177: 4129: 4087: 3918: 3907: 3874:'s 1950 fantasy novel 3860:'s original 1923 book 3739: 3622: 3564: 2629:species), Capreolini ( 2570:Internal relationships 2323:External relationships 2230: 2099:Cervocerus novorossiae 2089:With the onset of the 2086: 2083:Cervocerus novorossiae 1927: 1790:Odocoileus virginianus 1739: 1648: 1585: 1537: 1505: 1486: 1345: 1229: 1203:Wilpattu National Park 1135:Central Asian red deer 1114: 963: 920:Kootenay National Park 779:until 6000 years ago. 771:Megaceroides algericus 716: 671: 572: 563: 472: 176:Odocoileus virginianus 14770:Paleobiology Database 12784:Wild Bactrian camel ( 12486:Bornean bearded pig ( 12477:Palawan bearded pig ( 12066:White-legged duiker ( 11492:Red-fronted gazelle ( 9171:Persian fallow deer ( 9087:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 8760:Himalayan musk deer ( 8669:Reticulated giraffe ( 8025:"Emblemas nacionales" 7603:"ГЕРБ ГОРОДА БАЛАХНА" 7071:10.4098/at.arch.00-30 6396:Plains Anthropologist 6387:Antilocapra americana 5758:The Veterinary Record 5659:Deer – info and games 4990:10.1530/jrf.0.0310455 4503:Mammals of California 4171: 4109: 4085:Warring States period 4082: 3913: 3901: 3755:. In the Indian epic 3735:kills the illusional 3726: 3613: 3546: 3537:Further information: 2313:is a sister taxon of 2250:Handbuch der Zoologie 2246:Georg August Goldfuss 2228: 2219:Further information: 2187:largest known cervids 2080: 2056:Muntiacus leilaoensis 1930:The formation of the 1921: 1784:Trichosurus vulpecula 1733: 1638: 1583: 1527: 1503: 1482: 1314: 1215: 1199:Chitwan National Park 1096: 958: 843:(boreal forests) and 707: 462: 437:coat of arms of Åland 43:Stag (disambiguation) 39:Fawn (disambiguation) 32:Deer (disambiguation) 14643:Fauna Europaea (new) 12871:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 12531:Oliver's warty pig ( 12156:Red-flanked duiker ( 11561:Erlanger's gazelle ( 11281:Harnessed bushbuck ( 11007:Wild water buffalo ( 10484:East Caucasian tur ( 10475:West Caucasian tur ( 9628:Little red brocket ( 9096:Truong Son muntjac ( 8908:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 8890:Greater mouse-deer ( 8769:Siberian musk deer ( 8438:World of Deer Museum 8408:Animal Diversity Web 8056:Penn State Extension 6691:Webb, S. D. (2000). 5912:Goss, R. J. (1983). 5770:10.1136/vr.162.9.258 5590:Journal of Mammalogy 5523:Reid, F. A. (2006). 5134:Journal of Mammalogy 5101:Hall, B. K. (2005). 4795:The Mammals of Texas 4526:Long, C. A. (2008). 4304:Suomen kuntavaakunat 4291:arrow.latrobe.edu.au 3932:Examples of deer in 3844:Walt Disney Pictures 3830:-winning 1938 novel 3657:hunting a deer with 3651:Kingdom of Macedonia 3241:American red brocket 2335:to Cervidae. Then a 2244:by German zoologist 2233:Deer constitute the 1771:gregarious behaviour 1618:have enlarged upper 1504:Antler phylogenetics 1258:four-horned antelope 1195:Dudhwa National Park 1032:Doñana National Park 928:Jasper National Park 835:that live in Arctic 59:Early Miocene–Recent 14826:Mammal common names 14481:Heraldry portal 13908:Hastings/Hungerford 13195:Crowns and coronets 13167:National traditions 12504:Celebes warty pig ( 12495:Visayan warty pig ( 12111:Red forest duiker ( 11843:Günther's dik-dik ( 11705:Mongolian gazelle ( 11510:Heuglin's gazelle ( 11501:Thomson's gazelle ( 10655:Long-tailed goral ( 10050:Mountain reedbuck ( 10041:Southern reedbuck ( 9893:East African oryx ( 9795:White-tailed deer ( 9574:Small red brocket ( 9541:South Andean deer ( 9484:Siberian roe deer ( 9475:European roe deer ( 9312:Philippine sambar ( 9279:Père David's deer ( 8881:Lesser mouse-deer ( 8742:Kashmir musk deer ( 8031:. Gobierno de Chile 7948:"Paeria de Cervera" 7758:EUROPEANA HERALDICA 7512:(2 December 1823). 7484:Harvey, G. (2002). 7346:10.1017/jch.2017.45 7157:2006MolPE..40..101G 7110:2004MolPE..33..880P 6981:Brooke, V. (1878). 6911:2005QSRv...24..775B 6861:2019QuInt.500..185L 6777:2000Natur.405..753G 6670:2002CRPal...1..117V 6600:2007Geobi..40..113P 6512:2006MolPE..40..101G 6466:2004CRPal...3..379D 6304:Estudios Geológicos 6273:1994HBio....7..115G 6212:1944AmJS..242..633S 6124:2004MolPE..31.1064L 6027:1982Sci...216..621R 5446:2018NatEE...2.1619M 4666:Mammals of Colorado 4111:Nicholas Mavrogenes 4063:in the arms of the 3980:in Germany; of the 3791:'s 1785 stories of 3727:In the Indian epic 3655:Alexander the Great 2801:Persian fallow deer 1894:even-toed ungulates 1775:bovine tuberculosis 1489:All male deer have 1457:. Deer also have a 1364:extant deer is the 1191:Kanha National Park 1113:) along a waterside 983:, and Northwestern 924:Banff National Park 787:. Small species of 729:tropical rainforest 160:Rucervus duvaucelii 13865:Waterlily/Seeblatt 13089:Ancient and modern 12652:Collared peccary ( 12522:Flores warty pig ( 12363:Giant forest hog ( 12225:Maxwell's duiker ( 12147:Ruwenzori duiker ( 12093:Jentink's duiker ( 12002:Sharpe's grysbok ( 11758:Tibetan antelope ( 11663:Bright's gazelle ( 11597:Goitered gazelle ( 11570:Mountain gazelle ( 11543:Cuvier's gazelle ( 11483:Mongalla gazelle ( 10871:Pyrenean chamois ( 10297:Tibetan antelope ( 10251:Black wildebeest ( 9078:Reeves's muntjac ( 9042:Sumatran muntjac ( 9033:Gongshan muntjac ( 8806:Water chevrotain ( 8733:Alpine musk deer ( 8660:Southern giraffe ( 8651:Northern giraffe ( 8245:Transport Scotland 7905:Ny svensk vapenbok 7855:"Rendalen kommune" 7830:"Hjartdal kommune" 7659:. 20 December 2006 7404:Alexander's Lovers 7234:Systematic Biology 6952:. p. 652–70. 6298:Dicrocerus elegans 6261:Historical Biology 5661:Sheppard Software. 5167:Smith, T. (2013). 4932:Journal of Zoology 4900:Hooey, T. (2004). 4590:Kurta, A. (1995). 4192:, the traditional 4178: 4172:Leather side of a 4130: 4088: 4065:de Carteret family 4052:in Latvia; and of 3919: 3908: 3789:Rudolf Erich Raspe 3740: 3687:is taken from the 3623: 3590:people, while the 3584:Upper Palaeolithic 3565: 3563:, 17,300 years old 3548:Upper Palaeolithic 2781:Common fallow deer 2611:) and Muntiacini ( 2231: 2087: 1928: 1740: 1714:northern bobwhites 1649: 1586: 1538: 1506: 1487: 1346: 1293:introduced species 1230: 1207:Yala National Park 1115: 1072:Caucasus Mountains 1005:Scottish Highlands 981:Caucasus Mountains 964: 916:Yoho National Park 817:riparian corridors 760:, a subspecies of 717: 505:Germanic languages 473: 463:"The Stag Hunt of 14798: 14797: 14757:Open Tree of Life 14505:Taxon identifiers 14496: 14495: 14337: 14336: 14275:(color in Canada) 13961: 13960: 12914: 12913: 12910: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12883: 12882: 12804: 12803: 12800: 12799: 12796: 12795: 12672: 12671: 12668: 12667: 12664: 12663: 12628:Chacoan peccary ( 12579: 12578: 12567:Javan warty pig ( 12558:Timor warty pig ( 12365:H. meinertzhageni 12339:Togian babirusa ( 12278: 12277: 12274: 12273: 12270: 12269: 12234:Walter's duiker ( 12174:Abbott's duiker ( 12138:Ogilby's duiker ( 12084:Harvey's duiker ( 12048:Brooke's duiker ( 12014: 12013: 11794: 11793: 11735: 11734: 11672:Peter's gazelle ( 11654:Grant's gazelle ( 11588:Speke's gazelle ( 11361: 11360: 11357: 11356: 11353: 11352: 11238: 11208: 11207: 11196:African buffalo ( 11027:B. depressicornis 10982: 10981: 10896: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10664:Himalayan goral ( 10486:C. cylindricornis 10353: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10309: 10308: 10272: 10271: 10260:Blue wildebeest ( 10194:Common tsessebe ( 10145: 10144: 10108: 10107: 10071: 10070: 9983:K. ellipsiprymnus 9956: 9955: 9815: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9755:P. mephistophiles 9711:P. mephistophiles 9402: 9401: 9098:M. truongsonensis 9060:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 8961: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8929: 8928: 8872:Java mouse-deer ( 8781: 8780: 8751:Black musk deer ( 8724:Dwarf musk deer ( 8715:Anhui musk deer ( 8690: 8689: 8653:G. camelopardalis 8602: 8601: 8419:Lydekker, Richard 8392:978-0-7627-8027-3 8301:on 2 October 2018 8005:. 18 October 2023 7952:Paeria de Cervera 7567:Arthur Fox-Davies 7510:Moore, Clement C. 7464:Thames and Hudson 7413:978-1-4116-9960-1 7058:Acta Theriologica 7032:978-0-87474-981-6 6959:978-0-8018-8221-0 6714:978-0-300-08142-8 6245:978-0-912627-04-5 6083:978-1-4613-8271-3 5993:978-1-58544-515-8 5963:978-0-521-35519-3 5565:978-0-87196-871-5 5534:978-0-395-93596-5 5440:(10): 1619–1625. 5395:(1559): 149–157. 5205:978-0-9510826-0-7 5180:978-0-7524-9592-7 5114:978-0-08-045415-3 5078:978-0-7614-7270-4 5027:on 29 August 2003 4911:978-1-4402-2702-8 4886:978-0-618-15313-8 4855:978-1-4729-1153-7 4830:978-0-7748-0728-9 4805:978-1-4773-0886-8 4756:978-1-84537-735-9 4731:978-1-4214-0387-8 4703:978-1-4081-8996-2 4694:Mammals of Africa 4675:978-1-60732-048-7 4650:978-0-8117-0496-0 4607:978-0-472-06497-7 4573:978-0-8018-7135-1 4512:978-0-520-23582-3 4487:978-1-4729-2531-2 4459:978-0-801-88735-2 4442:"Family Cervidae" 4345:Harper, Douglas. 4334:on 25 March 2004. 4124:, riding through 3954:Baden-Württemberg 3854:white-tailed deer 3709:Fionn Mac Cumhail 3631:ancient Egyptians 3539:Deer in mythology 3533:Human interaction 3529: 3528: 3520: 3519: 3511: 3510: 3475: 3474: 3416: 3415: 3407: 3406: 3398: 3397: 3312: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3268:White-tailed deer 3171: 3170: 3162: 3161: 3153: 3152: 3144: 3143: 3066: 3065: 3057: 3056: 3048: 3047: 3033:Père David's deer 2992: 2991: 2983: 2982: 2886: 2885: 2816: 2815: 2743: 2742: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2556: 2548: 2547: 2539: 2538: 2530: 2529: 2209:natural selection 2149:Isthmus of Panama 1972:and the European 1747:early March. The 1680:, secondarily on 1484:White-tailed deer 1412:Sexual dimorphism 1330:Black-tailed deer 1320:White-tailed deer 1234:Schomburgk's deer 1228:in southern India 1224:buck roaming the 1120:Siberian roe deer 1107:Japanese macaques 888:white-tailed deer 884:Columbia Mountain 600:and the female a 379:white-tailed deer 317: 316: 269: 172:white-tailed deer 168:Rangifer tarandus 27:Family of mammals 16:(Redirected from 14843: 14791: 14790: 14778: 14777: 14765: 14764: 14752: 14751: 14742: 14741: 14729: 14728: 14726:NHMSYS0000376180 14716: 14715: 14703: 14702: 14690: 14689: 14677: 14676: 14664: 14663: 14651: 14650: 14638: 14637: 14625: 14624: 14612: 14611: 14599: 14598: 14586: 14585: 14573: 14572: 14560: 14559: 14547: 14546: 14545: 14532: 14531: 14530: 14500: 14499: 14479: 14478: 14477: 14317: 14304: 14296: 14288: 14280: 14270: 14260: 14252: 14249: 14241: 14226: 14218: 14210: 14197: 14194: 14185: 14182: 14173: 14170: 14144: 14112: 14088: 14085: 14076: 14073: 14064: 14061: 14052: 14049: 14040: 14037: 14017: 14014: 14005: 14002: 13991: 13990: 13975:Rule of tincture 13692:Griffin/Keythong 13288: 13287: 12979:Officers of arms 12941: 12934: 12927: 12918: 12917: 12833: 12832: 12824: 12823: 12810: 12809: 12701: 12700: 12692: 12691: 12678: 12677: 12590: 12589: 12396:Common warthog ( 12387:Desert warthog ( 12307: 12306: 12298: 12297: 12284: 12283: 12183:Weyns's duiker ( 12057:Peters' duiker ( 12039:Aders's duiker ( 12025: 12024: 11912:Royal antelope ( 11870:Salt's dik-dik ( 11861:Silver dik-dik ( 11852:Kirk's dik-dik ( 11805: 11804: 11782:Saiga antelope ( 11744: 11743: 11683:N. soemmerringii 11552:Dorcas gazelle ( 11397: 11396: 11388: 11387: 11381: 11367: 11366: 11254:Mountain nyala ( 11237: 11236: 11228: 11219: 11218: 11174:P. nghetinhensis 11076:European bison ( 11067:American bison ( 10993: 10992: 10932: 10931: 10923: 10922: 10916: 10902: 10901: 10778:Domestic sheep ( 10622:Himalayan tahr ( 10589:Mainland serow ( 10571:Japanese serow ( 10380: 10379: 10373: 10359: 10358: 10283: 10282: 10156: 10155: 10119: 10118: 10082: 10081: 10059:Bohor reedbuck ( 9967: 9966: 9946:A. nasomaculatus 9869:Sable antelope ( 9846: 9845: 9837: 9836: 9830: 9821: 9820: 9583:Merida brocket ( 9413: 9412: 9354:Thorold's deer ( 9206:A. calamianensis 9089:M. rooseveltorum 9035:M. gongshanensis 8992: 8991: 8983: 8982: 8976: 8967: 8966: 8792: 8791: 8701: 8700: 8680:G. tippelskirchi 8613: 8612: 8576: 8575: 8567: 8566: 8553: 8552: 8498: 8491: 8484: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8468: 8459: 8434: 8426: 8371: 8370: 8360: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8297:. Archived from 8291: 8285: 8284: 8278: 8273: 8271: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8254:on 16 March 2014 8253: 8242: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8196:on 20 April 2016 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8167:Medium (service) 8157: 8151: 8150: 8142: 8134: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8114: 8107: 8099: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7922: 7916: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7859:Rendalen kommune 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7834:Hjartdal kommune 7826: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7750: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7582: 7576: 7564: 7555: 7554: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7481: 7475: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7424: 7418: 7417: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7273: 7260: 7259: 7249: 7225: 7216: 7215:PeerJ, 8, e8114. 7209: 7203: 7202:PeerJ, 4, e2307. 7196: 7190: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7073: 7055: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7011: 7005: 7004: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6948:(3rd ed.). 6936: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6905:(5–6): 775–805. 6896: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6820: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6785:10.1038/35015668 6758: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6738: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6629: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6563:on 10 March 2016 6562: 6550:Geologica Romana 6547: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6491: 6478: 6477: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6393: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6159: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6099: 6088: 6087: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5977: 5968: 5967: 5951: 5937: 5928: 5927: 5909: 5896: 5895: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5864: 5863: 5846:(1–2): 179–187. 5831: 5825: 5824: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5728: 5719:(4): 1104–1120. 5704: 5698: 5697: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5585: 5579: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5493: 5490: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5412: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5355: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5248: 5231:(1559): 149–57. 5216: 5210: 5209: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5098: 5083: 5082: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 4992: 4972: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4776: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4717: 4708: 4707: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4631: 4612: 4611: 4587: 4578: 4577: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4533: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4434: 4425: 4424: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4387: 4381: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4320: 4314: 4302:Iltanen, Jussi: 4300: 4294: 4283: 4241: 4236: 4235: 4227: 4222: 4221: 4044:, Catalonia; of 4040:, Australia; of 3794:Baron Munchausen 3713:James Macpherson 3643:Stag Hunt Mosaic 3621:, 4th century BC 3502: 3466: 3446: 3433: 3432: 3389: 3369: 3326: 3325: 3294: 3274: 3261: 3260: 3247: 3234: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3213: 3199: 3198: 3189: 3188: 3135: 3107: 3106: 3093: 3080: 3079: 3039: 3019: 3006: 3005: 2974: 2953: 2933: 2913: 2900: 2899: 2877: 2857: 2844: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2807: 2787: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2734: 2713:Reeves's muntjac 2706: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2685: 2684: 2675: 2674: 2521: 2501: 2488: 2487: 2474: 2461: 2460: 2447: 2427: 2414: 2413: 2397: 2381: 2380: 2371: 2370: 2331:(musk deer) was 2277:metacarpal bones 2205:sexual selection 2202: 2201: 2197: 2194: 1749:gestation period 1613: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1546:sexual selection 1517:and blockage of 1409: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1147:Tungusic peoples 693: 690: 687: 683: 680: 677: 592: 589: 586: 575: 566: 532: 526: 502: 496: 487: 345:(informally the 326: 264: 192: 191: 133: 123: 60: 56:Temporal range: 50: 49: 21: 14851: 14850: 14846: 14845: 14844: 14842: 14841: 14840: 14831:Mammal families 14801: 14800: 14799: 14794: 14786: 14781: 14773: 14768: 14760: 14755: 14747: 14745: 14737: 14732: 14724: 14719: 14711: 14706: 14698: 14693: 14685: 14680: 14672: 14667: 14659: 14654: 14646: 14641: 14633: 14628: 14620: 14615: 14607: 14602: 14594: 14589: 14581: 14576: 14568: 14563: 14555: 14550: 14541: 14540: 14535: 14526: 14525: 14520: 14507: 14497: 14492: 14475: 14473: 14457: 14409: 14333: 14315: 14310: 14302: 14294: 14286: 14278: 14268: 14258: 14250: 14247: 14239: 14234: 14224: 14216: 14208: 14203: 14195: 14192: 14183: 14180: 14171: 14168: 14157: 14095: 14086: 14083: 14074: 14071: 14062: 14059: 14050: 14047: 14038: 14035: 14024: 14015: 14012: 14003: 14000: 13989: 13957: 13923:Hungerford knot 13893:Cavendish/Savoy 13869: 13806: 13621: 13555: 13492: 13431: 13286: 13253: 13176: 13060: 13005: 12950: 12945: 12915: 12902: 12879: 12855: 12818: 12792: 12750: 12686: 12660: 12636: 12612: 12575: 12542:S. philippensis 12479:S. ahoenobarbus 12461: 12453:Red river hog ( 12428: 12404: 12371: 12347: 12321:Buru babirusa ( 12292: 12266: 12258:Common duiker ( 12242: 12200: 12010: 11968: 11944: 11920: 11878: 11827: 11790: 11766: 11731: 11716:P. picticaudata 11689: 11629: 11605: 11599:G. subgutturosa 11518: 11467: 11443: 11419: 11382: 11371: 11349: 11316: 11308:Cape bushbuck ( 11301:T. strepsiceros 11230: 11229: 11227: 11204: 11180: 11156: 11051: 11043:Mountain anoa ( 10978: 10972:B. tragocamelus 10954: 10948:T. quadricornis 10917: 10906: 10888: 10855: 10831: 10787:Bighorn sheep ( 10753: 10729: 10705: 10697:Mountain goat ( 10681: 10673:Chinese goral ( 10630: 10606: 10591:C. sumatraensis 10555: 10538:Siberian ibex ( 10502:Domestic goat ( 10450: 10426: 10402: 10394:Barbary sheep ( 10374: 10363: 10345: 10333: 10321: 10305: 10268: 10235: 10211: 10178: 10141: 10104: 10067: 10025: 9952: 9928: 9902:Scimitar oryx ( 9877: 9860:Roan antelope ( 9831: 9825: 9803: 9761: 9753:Northern pudu ( 9727: 9719:Southern pudu ( 9709:Northern pudu ( 9693: 9669: 9645: 9610:Pygmy brocket ( 9592:Dwarf brocket ( 9549: 9516: 9492: 9459: 9435: 9398: 9338: 9287: 9263: 9230: 9204:Calamian deer ( 9179: 9173:D. mesopotamica 9146: 9122: 9116:M. vuquangensis 9114:Giant muntjac ( 9024:Fea's muntjac ( 8977: 8971: 8953: 8941: 8925: 8856: 8814: 8777: 8735:M. chrysogaster 8686: 8678:Masai giraffe ( 8635: 8598: 8561: 8547: 8509: 8502: 8454: 8445:Wayback Machine 8404:Family Cervidae 8400: 8380: 8378:Further reading 8375: 8374: 8337: 8333: 8318: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8276: 8274: 8265: 8264: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8240: 8236: 8235: 8231: 8221: 8219: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8158: 8154: 8135: 8128: 8118: 8116: 8112: 8105: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8086: 8084: 8074: 8070: 8060: 8058: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8023: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7924: 7923: 7919: 7902: 7898: 7888: 7886: 7878: 7877: 7873: 7863: 7861: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7838: 7836: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7813: 7811: 7805:"Hitra kommune" 7803: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7786: 7784:Gjemnes kommune 7778: 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7752: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7677: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7651: 7650: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7611: 7609: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7583: 7579: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7537: 7533: 7523: 7521: 7507: 7503: 7496: 7482: 7478: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7437: 7425: 7421: 7414: 7400: 7396: 7365: 7361: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7299: 7295: 7288: 7274: 7263: 7226: 7219: 7210: 7206: 7197: 7193: 7184: 7180: 7137: 7133: 7090: 7086: 7078: 7053: 7044: 7040: 7033: 7012: 7008: 6979: 6975: 6960: 6937: 6933: 6925: 6894: 6888: 6884: 6841: 6837: 6829: 6818: 6812: 6808: 6771:(6788): 753–4. 6759: 6755: 6747: 6736: 6734:Falconer, 1868" 6726: 6722: 6715: 6701:Schaller, G. B. 6689: 6685: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6627: 6621: 6617: 6580: 6576: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6545: 6539: 6535: 6492: 6481: 6442: 6438: 6430: 6391: 6381: 6377: 6366: 6362: 6329: 6325: 6292: 6288: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6192: 6188: 6180: 6157: 6151: 6147: 6100: 6091: 6084: 6070: 6066: 6021:(4546): 621–3. 6005: 6001: 5994: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5910: 5899: 5894:on 14 May 2013. 5886: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5832: 5828: 5797: 5793: 5754: 5750: 5705: 5701: 5669: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5621: 5617: 5602:10.2307/1381075 5586: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5566: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5521: 5517: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5477: 5430: 5426: 5381: 5377: 5328: 5324: 5309:10.2307/3671833 5293: 5289: 5266: 5262: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5165: 5161: 5146:10.2307/1375571 5126: 5122: 5115: 5099: 5086: 5079: 5059: 5055: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5017: 5013: 5005: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4790: 4786: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4687: 4683: 4676: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4632: 4615: 4608: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4560:Prothero, D. R. 4557: 4553: 4546: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4446:Prothero, D. R. 4435: 4428: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4343: 4339: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4301: 4297: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4262:Largest cervids 4257:Deer management 4237: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4213: 4077: 3994:Nizhny Novgorod 3984:in England; of 3896: 3751:as well as the 3721: 3701:Irish mythology 3608: 3570: 3541: 3535: 3530: 3521: 3512: 3476: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3313: 3304: 3172: 3163: 3154: 3145: 3114:Indian hog deer 3067: 3058: 3049: 2993: 2984: 2887: 2817: 2744: 2572: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2325: 2223: 2221:List of cervids 2217: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2157: 2075: 2041:Palaeomerycidae 2003: 1916: 1888:, featured the 1868: 1831: 1763: 1728: 1722: 1654: 1633: 1605: 1604: 1594: 1593: 1578: 1477: 1471: 1459:tapetum lucidum 1406: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1344: 1309: 1287:As a result of 1250:Asian elephants 775:was present in 766:Atlas Mountains 723:, ranging from 700: 691: 688: 685: 681: 678: 675: 666:, this is from 656:of relation is 616:, the female a 590: 587: 584: 513:Old High German 457: 292: 286: 263: 186: 124: 122: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 58: 57: 54: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14849: 14839: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14796: 14795: 14793: 14792: 14779: 14766: 14753: 14743: 14730: 14717: 14704: 14691: 14678: 14665: 14652: 14639: 14630:Fauna Europaea 14626: 14613: 14600: 14587: 14574: 14561: 14548: 14533: 14517: 14515: 14509: 14508: 14494: 14493: 14491: 14490: 14489: 14488: 14471: 14466: 14462: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14434: 14433: 14423: 14417: 14415: 14411: 14410: 14408: 14407: 14405:Trophy of arms 14402: 14397: 14396: 14395: 14385: 14384: 14383: 14373: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14364:banner of arms 14356: 14351: 14345: 14343: 14339: 14338: 14335: 14334: 14332: 14331: 14326: 14320: 14318: 14312: 14311: 14309: 14308: 14300: 14292: 14284: 14276: 14266: 14256: 14244: 14242: 14236: 14235: 14233: 14232: 14222: 14213: 14211: 14205: 14204: 14202: 14201: 14190: 14178: 14165: 14163: 14159: 14158: 14156: 14155: 14154: 14153: 14138: 14137: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14105: 14103: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14081: 14069: 14057: 14045: 14032: 14030: 14026: 14025: 14023: 14022: 14010: 13997: 13995: 13988: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13971: 13969: 13963: 13962: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13955: 13950: 13948:Tristram/Bowen 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13879: 13877: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13851: 13850: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13814: 13812: 13808: 13807: 13805: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13678: 13677: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13631: 13629: 13623: 13622: 13620: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13563: 13561: 13557: 13556: 13554: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13542: 13541: 13536: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13500: 13498: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13439: 13437: 13433: 13432: 13430: 13429: 13424: 13423: 13422: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13296: 13294: 13285: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13263: 13261: 13255: 13254: 13252: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13240: 13239: 13229: 13228: 13227: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13186: 13184: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13163: 13162: 13157: 13147: 13142: 13141: 13140: 13135: 13125: 13120: 13119: 13118: 13108: 13103: 13102: 13101: 13091: 13086: 13085: 13084: 13074: 13068: 13066: 13062: 13061: 13059: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13042: 13041: 13034:Ecclesiastical 13031: 13030: 13029: 13024: 13013: 13011: 13007: 13006: 13004: 13003: 13002: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12944: 12943: 12936: 12929: 12921: 12912: 12911: 12908: 12907: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12900: 12893: 12891: 12885: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12878: 12877: 12873:C. liberiensis 12867: 12865: 12857: 12856: 12854: 12853: 12847:Hippopotamus ( 12843: 12841: 12830: 12828:Hippopotamidae 12820: 12819: 12806: 12805: 12802: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12790: 12781: 12777:C. dromedarius 12772: 12762: 12760: 12752: 12751: 12749: 12748: 12739: 12730: 12721: 12711: 12709: 12698: 12688: 12687: 12674: 12673: 12670: 12669: 12666: 12665: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12658: 12648: 12646: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12634: 12624: 12622: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12610: 12600: 12598: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12573: 12564: 12560:S. timoriensis 12555: 12546: 12537: 12528: 12519: 12513:Domestic pig ( 12510: 12501: 12492: 12483: 12473: 12471: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12459: 12450: 12440: 12438: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12426: 12416: 12414: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12402: 12393: 12389:P. aethiopicus 12383: 12381: 12373: 12372: 12370: 12369: 12359: 12357: 12349: 12348: 12346: 12345: 12341:B. togeanensis 12336: 12327: 12317: 12315: 12304: 12294: 12293: 12280: 12279: 12276: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12268: 12267: 12265: 12264: 12254: 12252: 12244: 12243: 12241: 12240: 12231: 12222: 12212: 12210: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12198: 12192:Zebra duiker ( 12189: 12180: 12171: 12167:C. silvicultor 12162: 12153: 12144: 12135: 12126: 12120:Black duiker ( 12117: 12108: 12104:C. leucogaster 12099: 12090: 12081: 12072: 12063: 12054: 12045: 12035: 12033: 12022: 12016: 12015: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12008: 11999: 11993:Cape grysbok ( 11990: 11980: 11978: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11966: 11956: 11954: 11946: 11945: 11943: 11942: 11936:Klipspringer ( 11932: 11930: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11918: 11909: 11900: 11890: 11888: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11876: 11867: 11863:M. piacentinii 11858: 11849: 11839: 11837: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11825: 11815: 11813: 11802: 11796: 11795: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11788: 11778: 11776: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11764: 11754: 11752: 11741: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11729: 11725:P. przewalskii 11720: 11711: 11701: 11699: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11687: 11678: 11669: 11660: 11651: 11645:Dama gazelle ( 11641: 11639: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11627: 11617: 11615: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11603: 11594: 11585: 11579:Rhim gazelle ( 11576: 11567: 11558: 11549: 11540: 11530: 11528: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11507: 11498: 11489: 11479: 11477: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11465: 11455: 11453: 11445: 11444: 11442: 11441: 11437:A. marsupialis 11431: 11429: 11421: 11420: 11418: 11417: 11407: 11405: 11394: 11384: 11383: 11363: 11362: 11359: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11351: 11350: 11348: 11347: 11341:Common eland ( 11338: 11328: 11326: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11314: 11305: 11299:Greater kudu ( 11296: 11287: 11278: 11269: 11260: 11251: 11241: 11239: 11216: 11210: 11209: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11192: 11190: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11178: 11168: 11166: 11158: 11157: 11155: 11154: 11145: 11136: 11127: 11118: 11112:Domestic yak ( 11109: 11100: 11091: 11082: 11073: 11063: 11061: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11049: 11040: 11036:B. mindorensis 11031: 11025:Lowland anoa ( 11022: 11013: 11003: 11001: 10990: 10984: 10983: 10980: 10979: 10977: 10976: 10966: 10964: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10952: 10942: 10940: 10929: 10919: 10918: 10898: 10897: 10894: 10893: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10877: 10867: 10865: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10853: 10843: 10841: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10829: 10820: 10811: 10802: 10793: 10784: 10775: 10765: 10763: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10751: 10745:Nilgiri tahr ( 10741: 10739: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10717: 10715: 10707: 10706: 10704: 10703: 10693: 10691: 10683: 10682: 10680: 10679: 10670: 10661: 10652: 10642: 10640: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10628: 10618: 10616: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10604: 10598:Taiwan serow ( 10595: 10586: 10577: 10567: 10565: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10553: 10544: 10535: 10529:Iberian ibex ( 10526: 10517: 10508: 10499: 10490: 10481: 10472: 10462: 10460: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10438: 10436: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10424: 10418:Arabian tahr ( 10414: 10412: 10404: 10403: 10401: 10400: 10390: 10388: 10376: 10375: 10355: 10354: 10351: 10350: 10347: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10293: 10291: 10280: 10274: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10266: 10257: 10247: 10245: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10233: 10223: 10221: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10209: 10200: 10190: 10188: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10176: 10166: 10164: 10153: 10147: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10129: 10127: 10116: 10110: 10109: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10102: 10092: 10090: 10079: 10073: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10065: 10056: 10052:R. fulvorufula 10047: 10037: 10035: 10027: 10026: 10024: 10023: 10014: 10005: 9996: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9950: 9940: 9938: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9926: 9920:Arabian oryx ( 9917: 9908: 9899: 9889: 9887: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9875: 9866: 9856: 9854: 9843: 9833: 9832: 9817: 9816: 9813: 9812: 9809: 9808: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9801: 9797:O. virginianus 9792: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9763: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9750: 9740: 9738: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9725: 9716: 9705: 9703: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9691: 9681: 9679: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9667: 9663:O. bezoarticus 9657: 9655: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9643: 9634: 9625: 9616: 9607: 9603:M. gouazoubira 9601:Gray brocket ( 9598: 9589: 9580: 9571: 9561: 9559: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9538: 9528: 9526: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9504: 9502: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9481: 9471: 9469: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9447: 9445: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9387: 9378: 9369: 9360: 9356:C. albirostris 9350: 9348: 9340: 9339: 9337: 9336: 9327: 9318: 9309: 9299: 9297: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9275: 9273: 9265: 9264: 9262: 9261: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9219: 9210: 9201: 9191: 9189: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9168: 9158: 9156: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9144: 9140:E. cephalophus 9134: 9132: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9120: 9111: 9102: 9093: 9084: 9075: 9069:Leaf muntjac ( 9066: 9062:M. puhoatensis 9057: 9048: 9039: 9030: 9021: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8989: 8979: 8978: 8963: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8919:T. williamsoni 8914: 8905: 8896: 8887: 8878: 8868: 8866: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8854: 8845: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8802: 8800: 8789: 8783: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8771:M. moschiferus 8766: 8762:M. leucogaster 8757: 8748: 8739: 8730: 8726:M. berezovskii 8721: 8711: 8709: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8684: 8675: 8666: 8657: 8647: 8645: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8623: 8621: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8573: 8571:Antilocapridae 8563: 8562: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8543:Laurasiatheria 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8514: 8511: 8510: 8501: 8500: 8493: 8486: 8478: 8472: 8471: 8452: 8447: 8435: 8415: 8410: 8399: 8398:External links 8396: 8395: 8394: 8379: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8351:(4): 361–366. 8331: 8312: 8286: 8277:|journal= 8229: 8207: 8180: 8152: 8126: 8094: 8068: 8042: 8016: 7990: 7964: 7939: 7926:"Coat of Arms" 7917: 7896: 7871: 7846: 7821: 7796: 7771: 7754:"CoA of Åland" 7745: 7720: 7695: 7670: 7644: 7619: 7594: 7577: 7556: 7550:978-0142408735 7549: 7531: 7501: 7495:978-0826451019 7494: 7476: 7447: 7419: 7412: 7394: 7375:(4): 609–625. 7359: 7340:(2): 291–312. 7324: 7318:978-1400043484 7317: 7293: 7286: 7261: 7217: 7204: 7191: 7178: 7151:(1): 101–117. 7131: 7104:(3): 880–895. 7084: 7064:(3): 289–307. 7038: 7031: 7006: 6995:(1): 883–928. 6973: 6958: 6931: 6882: 6835: 6806: 6753: 6720: 6713: 6683: 6648: 6615: 6574: 6533: 6479: 6446:"The earliest 6436: 6402:(174): 13–28. 6375: 6360: 6323: 6310:(2): 579–602. 6286: 6251: 6244: 6227: 6206:(12): 633–55. 6186: 6145: 6118:(3): 1064–83. 6106:Cervus elaphus 6089: 6082: 6074:Living Fossils 6064: 5999: 5992: 5969: 5962: 5929: 5922: 5897: 5879: 5865: 5826: 5791: 5764:(9): 258–259. 5748: 5699: 5680:(2): 287–301. 5663: 5651: 5632:(3): 562–564. 5615: 5596:(1): 195–198. 5580: 5571: 5564: 5540: 5533: 5515: 5503: 5494: 5485: 5475: 5424: 5375: 5346:(3): 616–625. 5322: 5287: 5260: 5211: 5204: 5186: 5179: 5159: 5120: 5113: 5084: 5077: 5053: 5038: 5011: 4958: 4927:Cervus elaphus 4917: 4910: 4892: 4885: 4861: 4854: 4836: 4829: 4811: 4804: 4784: 4762: 4755: 4737: 4730: 4709: 4702: 4681: 4674: 4656: 4649: 4613: 4606: 4579: 4572: 4551: 4544: 4518: 4511: 4493: 4486: 4465: 4458: 4426: 4407: 4395:Dictionary.com 4382: 4363: 4337: 4315: 4295: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4239:Mammals portal 4228: 4225:Animals portal 4212: 4209: 4139:Kola Peninsula 4076: 4073: 4028:in Norway; of 4012:, Finland; of 4008:in Russia; of 3982:Earls Bathurst 3895: 3892: 3828:Pulitzer Prize 3777:Aesop's fables 3720: 3717: 3707:, grandson of 3689:Irish Language 3661:. In Japanese 3639:ancient Greeks 3607: 3604: 3592:cave paintings 3569: 3566: 3559:giant deer at 3534: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3436: 3431: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3237: 3232: 3230: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3202: 3197: 3195: 3187: 3185: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3009: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2927:Thorold's deer 2923: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2758: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2694: 2692: 2683: 2681: 2673: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2421:Antilocapridae 2417: 2412: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2387: 2379: 2377: 2369: 2324: 2321: 2258:Joshua Brookes 2252:(1820). Three 2216: 2213: 2185:), one of the 2156: 2153: 2074: 2071: 2045:merycodontines 2002: 1999: 1915: 1912: 1867: 1864: 1859:Valerius Geist 1830: 1827: 1762: 1759: 1724:Main article: 1721: 1718: 1653: 1650: 1632: 1629: 1590:dental formula 1577: 1574: 1515:mineralisation 1511:velvet antlers 1473:Main article: 1470: 1467: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1308: 1305: 1266:Indian gazelle 1187:Indian muntjac 1143:Turkic peoples 1131:Thorold's deer 1111:Macaca fuscata 1068:Eastern Europe 1028:Czech Republic 946:American bison 853:Chilean huemul 819:surrounded by 813:Indian muntjac 699: 696: 503:in other dead 490:Middle English 456: 453: 408:) of Asia and 315: 314: 313: 312: 307: 299: 298: 294: 293: 287: 278: 277: 271: 270: 258: 254: 253: 248: 244: 243: 238: 234: 233: 228: 224: 223: 218: 214: 213: 208: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 180: 179: 144:Cervus elaphus 135: 134: 126: 125: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14848: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14808: 14806: 14789: 14784: 14780: 14776: 14771: 14767: 14763: 14758: 14754: 14750: 14744: 14740: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14722: 14718: 14714: 14709: 14705: 14701: 14696: 14692: 14688: 14683: 14679: 14675: 14670: 14666: 14662: 14657: 14653: 14649: 14644: 14640: 14636: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14618: 14614: 14610: 14605: 14601: 14597: 14592: 14588: 14584: 14579: 14575: 14571: 14566: 14562: 14558: 14553: 14549: 14544: 14538: 14534: 14529: 14523: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14514: 14510: 14506: 14501: 14487: 14484: 14483: 14482: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14464: 14463: 14460: 14454: 14453:Sigillography 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14432: 14429: 14428: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14418: 14416: 14412: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14394: 14391: 14390: 14389: 14386: 14382: 14379: 14378: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14365: 14362: 14361: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14340: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14313: 14307: 14301: 14299: 14293: 14291: 14285: 14283: 14277: 14274: 14267: 14264: 14257: 14255: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14237: 14230: 14223: 14221: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14206: 14200: 14191: 14188: 14179: 14176: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14160: 14152: 14149: 14148: 14147: 14143: 14139: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14116: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14098: 14091: 14082: 14079: 14070: 14067: 14058: 14055: 14046: 14043: 14034: 14033: 14031: 14027: 14020: 14011: 14008: 13999: 13998: 13996: 13992: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13972: 13970: 13968: 13964: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13876: 13872: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13849: 13846: 13845: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13823:Laurel wreath 13821: 13819: 13816: 13815: 13813: 13809: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13676: 13673: 13672: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13632: 13630: 13628: 13624: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13558: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13531: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13501: 13499: 13495: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13434: 13428: 13425: 13421: 13418: 13417: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13330: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13297: 13295: 13293: 13289: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13264: 13262: 13260: 13256: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13230: 13226: 13223: 13222: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13185: 13183: 13179: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13152: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13130: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13117: 13114: 13113: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13083: 13080: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13063: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13040: 13037: 13036: 13035: 13032: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13019: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13008: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12981: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12964:Grant of arms 12962: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12953: 12949: 12942: 12937: 12935: 12930: 12928: 12923: 12922: 12919: 12899: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12890: 12886: 12876: 12874: 12869: 12868: 12866: 12864: 12863: 12858: 12852: 12850: 12845: 12844: 12842: 12840: 12839: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12825: 12821: 12817: 12811: 12807: 12789: 12787: 12782: 12780: 12778: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12768:C. bactrianus 12764: 12763: 12761: 12759: 12758: 12753: 12747: 12745: 12740: 12738: 12736: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12708: 12707: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12675: 12657: 12655: 12650: 12649: 12647: 12645: 12644: 12639: 12633: 12631: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12621: 12620: 12615: 12609: 12607: 12602: 12601: 12599: 12597: 12596: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12582: 12572: 12570: 12569:S. verrucosus 12565: 12563: 12561: 12556: 12554: 12552: 12547: 12545: 12543: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12520: 12518: 12516: 12515:S. domesticus 12511: 12509: 12507: 12506:S. celebensis 12502: 12500: 12498: 12493: 12491: 12489: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12458: 12456: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12442: 12441: 12439: 12437: 12436: 12435:Potamochoerus 12431: 12425: 12423: 12418: 12417: 12415: 12413: 12412: 12407: 12401: 12399: 12394: 12392: 12390: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12379: 12374: 12368: 12366: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12355: 12350: 12344: 12342: 12337: 12335: 12333: 12332:B. celebensis 12328: 12326: 12324: 12319: 12318: 12316: 12314: 12313: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12295: 12291: 12285: 12281: 12263: 12261: 12256: 12255: 12253: 12251: 12250: 12245: 12239: 12237: 12232: 12230: 12228: 12223: 12221: 12219: 12216:Blue duiker ( 12214: 12213: 12211: 12209: 12208: 12203: 12197: 12195: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12181: 12179: 12177: 12172: 12170: 12168: 12163: 12161: 12159: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12145: 12143: 12141: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12131:C. nigrifrons 12127: 12125: 12123: 12118: 12116: 12114: 12113:C. natalensis 12109: 12107: 12105: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12082: 12080: 12078: 12073: 12071: 12069: 12064: 12062: 12060: 12059:C. callipygus 12055: 12053: 12051: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12017: 12007: 12005: 12000: 11998: 11996: 11991: 11989: 11987: 11986:R. campestris 11982: 11981: 11979: 11977: 11976: 11971: 11965: 11963: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11953: 11952: 11947: 11941: 11939: 11938:O. oreotragus 11934: 11933: 11931: 11929: 11928: 11923: 11917: 11915: 11910: 11908: 11906: 11901: 11899: 11897: 11892: 11891: 11889: 11887: 11886: 11881: 11875: 11873: 11868: 11866: 11864: 11859: 11857: 11855: 11850: 11848: 11846: 11841: 11840: 11838: 11836: 11835: 11830: 11824: 11822: 11817: 11816: 11814: 11812: 11811: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11797: 11787: 11785: 11780: 11779: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11769: 11763: 11761: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11745: 11742: 11738: 11728: 11726: 11721: 11719: 11717: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11698: 11697: 11692: 11686: 11684: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11670: 11668: 11666: 11661: 11659: 11657: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11638: 11637: 11632: 11626: 11624: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11613: 11608: 11602: 11600: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11586: 11584: 11582: 11581:G. leptoceros 11577: 11575: 11573: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11550: 11548: 11546: 11541: 11539: 11537: 11532: 11531: 11529: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11515: 11513: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11499: 11497: 11495: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11485:E. albonotata 11481: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11475: 11470: 11464: 11462: 11461:A. cervicapra 11457: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11451: 11446: 11440: 11438: 11433: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11427: 11422: 11416: 11414: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11403: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11379: 11375: 11368: 11364: 11346: 11344: 11339: 11337: 11335: 11332:Giant eland ( 11330: 11329: 11327: 11325: 11324: 11319: 11313: 11311: 11310:T. sylvaticus 11306: 11304: 11302: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11272:Lesser kudu ( 11270: 11268: 11266: 11261: 11259: 11257: 11252: 11250: 11248: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11234: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11211: 11201: 11199: 11194: 11193: 11191: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11177: 11175: 11170: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11164: 11159: 11153: 11151: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11119: 11117: 11115: 11110: 11108: 11106: 11101: 11099: 11097: 11092: 11090: 11088: 11087:B. domesticus 11085:Bali cattle ( 11083: 11081: 11079: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11054: 11048: 11046: 11041: 11039: 11037: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10999: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10985: 10975: 10973: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10951: 10949: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10924: 10920: 10914: 10910: 10903: 10899: 10885: 10883: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10869: 10868: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10858: 10852: 10850: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10839: 10834: 10828: 10826: 10821: 10819: 10817: 10812: 10810: 10808: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10789:O. canadensis 10785: 10783: 10781: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10761: 10756: 10750: 10748: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10737: 10736:Nilgiritragus 10732: 10726: 10724: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10708: 10702: 10700: 10699:O. americanus 10695: 10694: 10692: 10690: 10689: 10684: 10678: 10676: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10653: 10651: 10649: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10638: 10633: 10627: 10625: 10624:H. jemlahicus 10620: 10619: 10617: 10615: 10614: 10609: 10603: 10601: 10596: 10594: 10592: 10587: 10585: 10583: 10578: 10576: 10574: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10552: 10550: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10536: 10534: 10532: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10520:Nubian ibex ( 10518: 10516: 10514: 10511:Alpine ibex ( 10509: 10507: 10505: 10500: 10498: 10496: 10491: 10489: 10487: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10464: 10463: 10461: 10459: 10458: 10453: 10447: 10445: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10435: 10434: 10429: 10423: 10421: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10411: 10410: 10405: 10399: 10397: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10386: 10381: 10377: 10371: 10367: 10360: 10356: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10328: 10324: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10302: 10300: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10278:Pantholopinae 10275: 10265: 10263: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10243: 10238: 10232: 10230: 10229:A. buselaphus 10225: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10219: 10214: 10208: 10206: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10186: 10181: 10175: 10173: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10162: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10138: 10136: 10133:Grey rhebok ( 10131: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10125: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10101: 10099: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10088: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10077:Aepycerotinae 10074: 10064: 10062: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10033: 10028: 10022: 10020: 10015: 10013: 10011: 10008:Nile lechwe ( 10006: 10004: 10002: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9973: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9925: 9923: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9885: 9880: 9874: 9872: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9841:Hippotraginae 9838: 9834: 9829: 9822: 9818: 9800: 9798: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9775: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9764: 9758: 9756: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9735: 9730: 9724: 9722: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9701: 9696: 9690: 9688: 9687:B. dichotomus 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9666: 9664: 9661:Pampas deer ( 9659: 9658: 9656: 9654: 9653: 9648: 9642: 9640: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9621:M. nemorivaga 9617: 9615: 9613: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9565:Red brocket ( 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9557: 9552: 9546: 9544: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9534:H. antisensis 9530: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9513: 9511: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9500: 9495: 9489: 9487: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9462: 9456: 9454: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9438: 9432: 9430: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9405: 9395: 9393: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9374:C. canadensis 9370: 9368: 9366: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9346: 9341: 9335: 9333: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9323:R. timorensis 9319: 9317: 9315: 9310: 9308: 9306: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9284: 9282: 9281:E. davidianus 9277: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9260: 9258: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9248:R. duvaucelii 9244: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9227: 9225: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9213:Bawean deer ( 9211: 9209: 9207: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9138:Tufted deer ( 9136: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9125: 9119: 9117: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9071:M. putaoensis 9067: 9065: 9063: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9017:M. crinifrons 9013: 9011: 9009: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8975: 8968: 8964: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8910:T. versicolor 8906: 8904: 8902: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8853: 8851: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8822: 8817: 8811: 8809: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8784: 8774: 8772: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8717:M. anhuiensis 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8693: 8683: 8681: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8671:G. reticulata 8667: 8665: 8663: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8638: 8632: 8630: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8532: 8528: 8526: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8515: 8512: 8507: 8499: 8494: 8492: 8487: 8485: 8480: 8479: 8476: 8467: 8465: 8458: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8439: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8425: 8420: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8382: 8381: 8368: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8335: 8327: 8323: 8316: 8300: 8296: 8290: 8282: 8269: 8250: 8246: 8239: 8233: 8217: 8211: 8195: 8191: 8184: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8162:"Antler Farm" 8156: 8148: 8147: 8141: 8133: 8131: 8111: 8104: 8098: 8083: 8079: 8072: 8057: 8053: 8046: 8030: 8026: 8020: 8004: 8000: 7994: 7979:. 31 May 2022 7978: 7974: 7968: 7953: 7949: 7943: 7927: 7921: 7914: 7913:91-7886-092-X 7910: 7906: 7900: 7885: 7881: 7875: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7835: 7831: 7825: 7810: 7809:Hitra kommune 7806: 7800: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7759: 7755: 7749: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7709: 7705: 7699: 7684: 7680: 7674: 7658: 7654: 7648: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7590: 7589: 7581: 7574: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7561: 7552: 7546: 7542: 7535: 7519: 7518:Troy Sentinel 7515: 7511: 7505: 7497: 7491: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7459: 7451: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7423: 7415: 7409: 7405: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7369:Human Ecology 7363: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7328: 7320: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7305: 7297: 7289: 7287:9781421403885 7283: 7279: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7257: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7240:(2): 206–28. 7239: 7235: 7231: 7224: 7222: 7214: 7208: 7201: 7195: 7188: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7135: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7088: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6940:Wilson, D. E. 6935: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6839: 6828: 6825:(1): 235–49. 6824: 6817: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6757: 6746: 6743:(2): 95–121. 6742: 6735: 6733: 6724: 6716: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6664:(2): 117–22. 6663: 6659: 6652: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6610: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6594:(1): 113–30. 6593: 6589: 6585: 6578: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6506:(1): 101–17. 6505: 6501: 6497: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6460:(5): 379–86. 6459: 6455: 6451: 6449: 6440: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6390: 6388: 6379: 6371: 6364: 6355: 6350: 6347:(3): 680–95. 6346: 6342: 6338: 6336: 6335:Stephanocemas 6327: 6318: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6299: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6267:(2): 115–58. 6266: 6262: 6255: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6231: 6222: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6107: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6085: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6003: 5995: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5976: 5974: 5965: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5949: 5943: 5936: 5934: 5925: 5923:9780323140430 5919: 5915: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5872: 5870: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5807:(2): 90–105. 5806: 5802: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5752: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5584: 5575: 5567: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5544: 5536: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5498: 5489: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5335: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5303:(3): 289–98. 5302: 5298: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5190: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5140:(4): 486–95. 5139: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5116: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5080: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5057: 5049: 5048:Omni Magazine 5042: 5026: 5022: 5015: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4969: 4962: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4921: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4888: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4840: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4796: 4788: 4780: 4773: 4766: 4758: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4733: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4714: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4652: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4586: 4584: 4575: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4547: 4545:9789546423139 4541: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4522: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4489: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4312:951-593-915-1 4309: 4305: 4299: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4215: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4083:Bronze deer, 4081: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4036:, Sweden; of 4035: 4032:, Poland; of 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4006:Yamalo-Nenets 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3958:Dotternhausen 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938:Hertfordshire 3935: 3934:coats of arms 3930: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3904:Raon-aux-Bois 3900: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3615:Ancient Greek 3612: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3578:fed upon the 3577: 3576: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3551:cave painting 3549: 3545: 3540: 3525: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3412: 3411: 3403: 3402: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3363:Southern pudu 3358: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3308: 3307: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3167: 3166: 3158: 3157: 3149: 3148: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3062: 3061: 3053: 3052: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2988: 2987: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2562: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2544: 2543: 2535: 2534: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2345:mitochondrial 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2273:Victor Brooke 2270: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2227: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2031: 2030:Stephanocemas 2026: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2009: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1942:to the early 1941: 1937: 1933: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769:due to their 1768: 1758: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1738:nursing young 1737: 1732: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1591: 1582: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1551:honest signal 1547: 1543: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1519:blood vessels 1516: 1512: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1227: 1226:Sigur Plateau 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103:Cervus nippon 1100: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1076:Eurasian lynx 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 988: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 961: 957: 953: 951: 947: 943: 938: 937:alpine tundra 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 857:South America 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 825:North America 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 801:South America 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 772: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 742: 739: 734: 730: 726: 722: 714: 710: 706: 702: 695: 673: 669: 665: 661: 660: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 638: 633: 629: 625: 624: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 594: 582: 579: 574: 570: 565: 561: 557: 553: 550: 546: 543: 539: 536: 531: 525: 521: 517: 514: 510: 506: 501: 495: 491: 486: 482: 478: 470: 466: 461: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 334: 330: 322: 311: 308: 306: 303: 302: 300: 295: 290: 285: 284: 279: 276: 272: 267: 262: 259: 256: 255: 252: 249: 246: 245: 242: 239: 236: 235: 232: 229: 226: 225: 222: 219: 216: 215: 212: 209: 206: 205: 202: 199: 196: 195: 190: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 152:Cervus nippon 149: 145: 141: 136: 132: 127: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 51: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 14512: 14443:Phaleristics 14376:Roll of arms 14342:Applications 14254:Bleu celeste 14240:Rare colours 13933:Ormonde/Wake 13818:Fleur-de-lis 13380:Inescutcheon 13345:Crozier head 13190:Coat of arms 13077:Augmentation 12984:King of Arms 12872: 12860: 12849:H. amphibius 12848: 12838:Hippopotamus 12836: 12816:Whippomorpha 12785: 12776: 12767: 12755: 12743: 12734: 12725: 12716: 12704: 12653: 12641: 12629: 12617: 12605: 12593: 12568: 12559: 12550: 12541: 12532: 12523: 12514: 12505: 12497:S. cebifrons 12496: 12487: 12478: 12466: 12454: 12445: 12433: 12421: 12409: 12398:P. africanus 12397: 12388: 12378:Phacochoerus 12376: 12364: 12352: 12340: 12331: 12323:B. babyrussa 12322: 12310: 12259: 12247: 12235: 12227:P. maxwellii 12226: 12218:P. monticola 12217: 12205: 12193: 12184: 12175: 12166: 12158:C. rufilatus 12157: 12148: 12139: 12130: 12121: 12112: 12103: 12094: 12085: 12076: 12075:Bay duiker ( 12068:C. crusalbum 12067: 12058: 12049: 12040: 12028: 12020:Cephalophini 12003: 11995:R. melanotis 11994: 11985: 11973: 11961: 11949: 11937: 11925: 11913: 11905:N. moschatus 11904: 11895: 11883: 11871: 11862: 11853: 11845:M. guentheri 11844: 11832: 11821:D. megalotis 11820: 11808: 11783: 11771: 11760:P. hodgsonii 11759: 11747: 11724: 11715: 11707:P. gutturosa 11706: 11694: 11682: 11673: 11664: 11655: 11646: 11634: 11622: 11610: 11598: 11589: 11580: 11571: 11563:G. erlangeri 11562: 11553: 11544: 11536:G. bennettii 11535: 11523: 11511: 11503:E. thomsonii 11502: 11494:E. rufifrons 11493: 11484: 11472: 11460: 11448: 11436: 11424: 11412: 11400: 11342: 11334:T. derbianus 11333: 11321: 11309: 11300: 11291: 11282: 11273: 11265:T. eurycerus 11264: 11255: 11246: 11222: 11214:Tragelaphini 11197: 11185: 11173: 11161: 11149: 11140: 11132:B. javanicus 11131: 11122: 11114:B. grunniens 11113: 11104: 11096:B. frontalis 11095: 11086: 11077: 11068: 11056: 11044: 11035: 11026: 11017: 11008: 10996: 10971: 10959: 10947: 10935: 10882:R. rupicapra 10881: 10873:R. pyrenaica 10872: 10860: 10848: 10836: 10824: 10815: 10814:Snow sheep ( 10806: 10797: 10796:Dall sheep ( 10788: 10779: 10770: 10758: 10747:N. hylocrius 10746: 10734: 10723:O. moschatus 10722: 10710: 10698: 10686: 10674: 10665: 10656: 10647: 10635: 10623: 10611: 10599: 10590: 10581: 10572: 10560: 10548: 10547:Walia ibex ( 10539: 10531:C. pyrenaica 10530: 10521: 10512: 10503: 10495:C. falconeri 10494: 10485: 10476: 10467: 10455: 10444:B. taxicolor 10443: 10431: 10419: 10407: 10395: 10383: 10299:P. hodgsonii 10298: 10286: 10261: 10252: 10242:Connochaetes 10240: 10228: 10227:Hartebeest ( 10216: 10204: 10195: 10183: 10171: 10159: 10151:Alcelaphinae 10135:P. capreolus 10134: 10122: 10097: 10085: 10060: 10051: 10043:R. arundinum 10042: 10030: 10018: 10010:K. megaceros 10009: 10000: 9991: 9982: 9970: 9945: 9933: 9921: 9912: 9903: 9894: 9882: 9870: 9861: 9849: 9796: 9787: 9778: 9766: 9754: 9745: 9732: 9720: 9710: 9698: 9686: 9685:Marsh deer ( 9674: 9662: 9650: 9638: 9629: 9620: 9611: 9602: 9593: 9584: 9575: 9567:M. americana 9566: 9554: 9542: 9533: 9523:Hippocamelus 9521: 9509: 9497: 9485: 9477:C. capreolus 9476: 9464: 9452: 9451:Water deer ( 9440: 9428: 9416: 9391: 9382: 9373: 9364: 9355: 9343: 9331: 9322: 9314:R. mariannus 9313: 9304: 9292: 9280: 9268: 9256: 9255:Eld's deer ( 9247: 9246:Barasingha ( 9235: 9223: 9214: 9205: 9196: 9184: 9172: 9163: 9151: 9139: 9127: 9115: 9107:M. vaginalis 9106: 9097: 9088: 9079: 9070: 9061: 9052: 9043: 9034: 9025: 9016: 9008:M. atherodes 9007: 8995: 8973: 8934: 8918: 8909: 8901:T. nigricans 8900: 8891: 8882: 8874:T. javanicus 8873: 8861: 8849: 8840: 8831: 8819: 8808:H. aquaticus 8807: 8795: 8770: 8761: 8752: 8743: 8734: 8725: 8716: 8704: 8679: 8670: 8661: 8652: 8640: 8629:O. johnstoni 8628: 8616: 8592:A. americana 8591: 8579: 8541:Superorder: 8535:Infraclass: 8506:Artiodactyla 8463: 8457:"Deer" 8428: 8424:"Deer" 8383: 8348: 8344: 8334: 8325: 8321: 8315: 8303:. Retrieved 8299:the original 8289: 8268:cite journal 8256:. Retrieved 8249:the original 8232: 8220:. Retrieved 8210: 8198:. Retrieved 8194:the original 8183: 8171:. Retrieved 8165: 8155: 8144: 8140:"Deer" 8117:. Retrieved 8097: 8085:. Retrieved 8082:The Guardian 8081: 8071: 8059:. Retrieved 8055: 8045: 8033:. Retrieved 8028: 8019: 8007:. Retrieved 8002: 7993: 7981:. Retrieved 7976: 7967: 7955:. Retrieved 7951: 7942: 7930:. Retrieved 7920: 7904: 7899: 7887:. Retrieved 7883: 7874: 7862:. Retrieved 7858: 7849: 7837:. Retrieved 7833: 7824: 7812:. Retrieved 7808: 7799: 7787:. Retrieved 7783: 7774: 7762:. Retrieved 7757: 7748: 7736:. Retrieved 7733:ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ 7732: 7723: 7711:. Retrieved 7708:ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ 7707: 7698: 7686:. Retrieved 7683:ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ 7682: 7673: 7661:. Retrieved 7656: 7647: 7635:. Retrieved 7631: 7622: 7610:. Retrieved 7607:ГЕРБОВНИК.РУ 7606: 7597: 7587: 7580: 7571: 7541:Fire Bringer 7540: 7534: 7522:. Retrieved 7517: 7504: 7485: 7479: 7455: 7450: 7438:. Retrieved 7432: 7422: 7403: 7397: 7372: 7368: 7362: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7303: 7296: 7277: 7237: 7233: 7207: 7194: 7181: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7101: 7097: 7087: 7061: 7057: 7041: 7022: 7009: 6992: 6986: 6976: 6944: 6934: 6902: 6898: 6885: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6822: 6809: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6740: 6732:Eucladoceros 6731: 6723: 6704: 6686: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6638:(4): 830–5. 6635: 6631: 6618: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6565:. Retrieved 6558:the original 6553: 6549: 6536: 6503: 6499: 6457: 6453: 6447: 6439: 6399: 6395: 6386: 6378: 6369: 6363: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6326: 6307: 6303: 6297: 6289: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6235: 6230: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6165: 6161: 6148: 6115: 6111: 6105: 6073: 6067: 6018: 6012: 6008: 6002: 5982: 5947: 5942:Prothero, D. 5913: 5892:the original 5882: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5654: 5629: 5625: 5618: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5574: 5550: 5543: 5524: 5518: 5506: 5497: 5488: 5478: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5392: 5388: 5378: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5325: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5195: 5189: 5169: 5162: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5103: 5063: 5056: 5047: 5041: 5029:. Retrieved 5025:the original 5014: 4983:(3): 455–7. 4980: 4976:Reproduction 4974: 4961: 4939:(1): 69–77. 4936: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4901: 4895: 4871: 4864: 4845: 4839: 4820: 4814: 4794: 4787: 4778: 4765: 4746: 4740: 4721: 4693: 4684: 4665: 4659: 4639: 4592: 4563: 4554: 4529: 4521: 4502: 4496: 4477: 4468: 4449: 4420: 4410: 4398:. Retrieved 4394: 4385: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4354:. Retrieved 4350: 4340: 4332:the original 4327: 4318: 4303: 4298: 4290: 4281: 4205: 4193: 4179: 4162: 4144: 4131: 4089: 4058: 4030:Jelenia Góra 3946:canting arms 3931: 3920: 3885: 3875: 3861: 3858:Felix Salten 3847: 3839:Fire Bringer 3837: 3833:The Yearling 3831: 3792: 3786: 3745:Stag of Azbu 3744: 3741: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3649:, under the 3624: 3617:gilt-silver 3575:Homo erectus 3573: 3571: 3554: 3496:Eurasian elk 3490: 3458: 3438: 3381: 3361: 3348:Gray brocket 3346: 3331: 3286: 3266: 3239: 3204: 3127: 3112: 3085: 3031: 3011: 2965: 2945: 2925: 2905: 2869: 2849: 2799: 2779: 2726: 2711: 2678: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2644:Hippocamelus 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2585:paraphyletic 2576:phylogenetic 2573: 2513: 2493: 2467: 2466: 2439: 2419: 2389: 2337:phylogenetic 2326: 2314: 2308: 2306: 2297:Colin Groves 2294: 2266: 2249: 2232: 2229:Cervid skull 2183:M. giganteus 2182: 2172: 2165:Eucladoceros 2163: 2158: 2134: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2088: 2081: 2062:Tethys Ocean 2054: 2049: 2034: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2004: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1980:protoceratid 1975:Dremotherium 1973: 1967: 1953: 1947: 1929: 1922: 1901: 1897: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1832: 1812: 1800: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1764: 1741: 1720:Reproduction 1655: 1620:canine teeth 1587: 1570: 1559: 1539: 1507: 1488: 1463:night vision 1440: 1429: 1416: 1347: 1315:Deer tails: 1286: 1231: 1164: 1128: 1116: 1110: 1102: 1080:Iberian lynx 989: 965: 942:Great Plains 877: 789:brocket deer 785:South Africa 777:North Africa 769: 758:Barbary stag 743: 718: 701: 698:Distribution 663: 657: 649: 645: 641: 635: 631: 627: 621: 617: 613: 609: 601: 597: 595: 580: 551: 544: 537: 515: 508: 476: 474: 449:Deer hunting 422: 399: 346: 342: 331:is a hoofed 328: 320: 318: 297:Subfamilies 281: 260: 247:Infraorder: 241:Artiodactyla 175: 167: 159: 151: 143: 47: 14669:iNaturalist 14537:Wikispecies 14448:Vexillology 14209:Rare metals 14189:(blood red) 13787:Winged lion 13767:Sea-griffin 13702:Hippocampus 13635:Allocamelus 13277:Fimbriation 13205:Compartment 13182:Achievement 13150:Marshalling 13116:distinction 12974:Law of arms 12959:Authorities 12726:L. guanicoe 12585:Tayassuidae 12549:Wild boar ( 12488:S. barbatus 12446:P. larvatus 12422:P. salvania 12420:Pygmy hog ( 12354:Hylochoerus 12207:Philantomba 12095:C. jentinki 12077:C. dorsalis 12030:Cephalophus 11914:N. pygmaeus 11872:M. saltiana 11810:Dorcatragus 11784:S. tatarica 11674:N. petersii 11612:Litocranius 11512:E. tilonura 11459:Blackbuck ( 11435:Springbok ( 11378:Antilopinae 11376:(subfamily 11323:Taurotragus 11290:Sitatunga ( 11283:T. scriptus 11274:T. imberbis 11231:(including 11224:Tragelaphus 11045:B. quarlesi 10927:Boselaphini 10911:(subfamily 10816:O. nivicola 10657:N. caudatus 10646:Red goral ( 10637:Naemorhedus 10600:C. swinhoei 10580:Red serow ( 10562:Capricornis 10540:C. sibirica 10477:C. caucasia 10468:C. aegagrus 10466:Wild goat ( 10420:A. jayakari 10409:Arabitragus 10368:(subfamily 10339:Antilopinae 10262:C. taurinus 10205:D. pygargus 10098:A. melampus 10019:K. vardonii 9981:Waterbuck ( 9922:O. leucoryx 9851:Hippotragus 9779:O. hemionus 9777:Mule deer ( 9676:Blastocerus 9585:M. bricenii 9543:H. bisulcus 9510:R. tarandus 9486:C. pygargus 9408:Capreolinae 9390:Sika deer ( 9332:R. unicolor 9321:Rusa deer ( 9224:A. porcinus 9044:M. montanus 8841:M. kathygre 8590:Pronghorn ( 8581:Antilocapra 8119:16 November 7628:"Символика" 7520:. p. 2 6855:: 185–203. 6697:Vrba, E. S. 5276:: 387–413. 4690:Kingdon, J. 4474:Kingdon, J. 4252:Deer forest 3962:Thierachern 3872:C. S. Lewis 3856:, while in 3820:Santa Claus 3800:cherry tree 3737:golden deer 3675:aphrodisiac 3659:Hephaestion 3645:of ancient 3568:Prehistoric 3556:Megaloceros 3193:Rangiferini 3182:Capreolinae 2728:Tufted deer 2638:Blastocerus 2301:Peter Grubb 2290:chromosomes 2254:subfamilies 2235:artiodactyl 2174:Megaloceros 2155:Pleistocene 2104:Pleistocene 2036:Procervulus 1995:Syndyoceras 1990:Syndyoceras 1969:Blastomeryx 1960:brachyodont 1847:superfamily 1767:fallow deer 1744:uniparental 1530:Sambar deer 1455:gallbladder 1425:photoperiod 1307:Description 1220:does and a 1159:Sami people 1157:. Like the 1139:Han Chinese 1088:brown bears 1044:Netherlands 781:Fallow deer 549:Old Frisian 481:Old English 425:Paleolithic 410:chevrotains 377:(caribou), 371:Capreolinae 367:fallow deer 347:deer family 327:: deer) or 305:Capreolinae 14805:Categories 14393:equestrian 14177:(mulberry) 13903:Harrington 13833:Quatrefoil 13762:Salamander 13707:Hippogriff 13665:Cockatrice 13645:Amphiptere 13617:Wolfsangel 13597:Portcullis 13509:Black swan 13463:Camelopard 13292:Ordinaries 13210:Escutcheon 13160:impalement 13155:quartering 13138:variations 13056:Attributed 12994:pursuivant 12862:Choeropsis 12744:L. vicugna 12630:C. wagneri 12533:S. oliveri 12524:S. heureni 12260:S. grimmia 12249:Sylvicapra 12236:P. walteri 12149:C. rubidis 12140:C. ogilbyi 12086:C. harveyi 12050:C. brookei 12004:R. sharpei 11984:Steenbok ( 11975:Raphicerus 11927:Oreotragus 11800:Neotragini 11749:Pantholops 11665:N. notatus 11623:L. walleri 11572:G. gazella 11545:G. cuvieri 11534:Chinkara ( 11426:Antidorcas 11413:A. clarkei 11402:Ammodorcas 11392:Antilopini 11292:T. spekeii 11256:T. buxtoni 11247:T. angasii 11139:Wild yak ( 11123:B. indicus 11078:B. bonasus 11018:B. bubalis 10961:Boselaphus 10937:Tetracerus 10807:O. gmelini 10675:N. griseus 10648:N. baileyi 10613:Hemitragus 10582:C. rubidus 10573:C. crispus 10522:C. nubiana 10385:Ammotragus 10288:Pantholops 10218:Alcelaphus 10203:Bontebok ( 10196:D. lunatus 10185:Damaliscus 10172:B. hunteri 10061:R. redunca 9962:Reduncinae 9913:O. gazella 9862:H. equinus 9788:O. pandora 9768:Odocoileus 9652:Ozotoceros 9508:Reindeer ( 9453:H. inermis 9442:Hydropotes 9365:C. elaphus 9363:Red deer ( 9305:R. alfredi 9222:Hog deer ( 9080:M. reevesi 9053:M. muntjak 8883:T. kanchil 8850:M. meminna 8797:Hyemoschus 8787:Tragulidae 8744:M. cupreus 8662:G. giraffa 8608:Giraffidae 8559:Ruminantia 8328:: 245–251. 8087:20 January 8061:20 January 8035:6 November 8009:6 November 7983:6 November 7957:6 November 7932:6 November 7889:6 November 7864:6 November 7839:6 November 7814:6 November 7789:5 November 7764:5 November 7738:5 November 7713:5 November 7688:5 November 7663:5 November 7637:5 November 7612:5 November 7472:0500018022 7462:New York: 7309:96–97, 102 7015:Groves, C. 6168:: 213–35. 6009:Diacodexis 5130:Odocoileus 4781:(19): 2–5. 4438:Groves, C. 4273:References 4115:Phanariote 4061:supporters 4050:Semigallia 4038:Queensland 3966:Friolzheim 3866:, he is a 3787:In one of 3671:deer penis 3588:Cro-Magnon 3460:Water deer 3427:Capreolini 3333:Marsh deer 3208:(Caribou) 3087:Barasingha 3013:Eld's deer 2700:Muntiacini 2656:Odocoileus 2441:Giraffidae 2391:Tragulidae 2375:Ruminantia 2310:hydropotes 2288:number of 2264:in 1898). 2025:Dicrocerus 2020:Heteroprox 2008:Dicrocerus 1984:Protoceras 1955:Leptomeryx 1924:Leptomeryx 1903:Andromeryx 1898:Diacodexis 1890:talus bone 1882:Diacodexis 1877:Diacodexis 1803:brain worm 1560:In elk in 1532:fighting, 1495:water deer 1453:without a 1445:, used to 1301:deer farms 1248:, such as 1246:herbivores 1238:Eld's deer 1179:barasingha 1151:Mongolians 1070:, and the 1026:, and the 977:Asia Minor 746:Antarctica 738:understory 713:Nagarahole 674:, meaning 511:, such as 418:Ruminantia 414:Tragulidae 391:water deer 361:(wapiti), 275:Type genus 156:barasingha 14821:Livestock 14486:resources 14431:socialist 14354:Hatchment 14349:Bookplate 14329:Carnation 14316:Realistic 14129:Erminites 13967:Tinctures 13918:Hinckaert 13883:Bourchier 13737:Ouroboros 13722:Manticore 13627:Legendary 13602:Reremouse 13539:Przepaska 13468:Hind/stag 13458:Dog/hound 13267:Attitudes 13244:Supporter 13172:Societies 13133:divisions 13082:abatement 12814:Suborder 12724:Guanaco ( 12696:Camelidae 12682:Suborder 12654:D. tajacu 12643:Dicotyles 12619:Catagonus 12606:T. pecari 12551:S. scrofa 12455:P. porcus 12444:Bushpig ( 12312:Babyrousa 12288:Suborder 12185:C. weynsi 12176:C. spadix 12041:C. adersi 11962:O. ourebi 11896:N. batesi 11885:Neotragus 11854:M. kirkii 11656:N. granti 11621:Gerenuk ( 11590:G. spekei 11554:G. dorcas 11411:Dibatag ( 11198:S. caffer 11163:Pseudoryx 11150:B. taurus 11130:Banteng ( 11105:B. gaurus 11034:Tamaraw ( 10880:Chamois ( 10862:Rupicapra 10849:P. nayaur 10825:O. vignei 10805:Mouflon ( 10504:C. hircus 10493:Markhor ( 10396:A. lervia 10161:Beatragus 10087:Aepyceros 9911:Gemsbok ( 9904:O. dammah 9746:P. carlae 9639:M. temama 9630:M. rufina 9594:M. chunyi 9576:M. bororo 9466:Capreolus 9392:C. nippon 9383:C. hanglu 9270:Elaphurus 9215:A. kuhlii 9129:Elaphodus 8997:Muntiacus 8832:M. indica 8821:Moschiola 8753:M. fuscus 8696:Moschidae 8557:Suborder 8517:Kingdom: 8367:0301-4223 8305:2 October 8173:28 August 7389:261164022 7047:Grubb, P. 7019:Grubb, P. 6877:1040-6182 6448:Muntiacus 6424:163903264 5340:Evolution 4953:0952-8369 4635:Geist, V. 4126:Bucharest 4122:Wallachia 3998:Odintsovo 3927:attitudes 3804:Christmas 3663:Shintoism 3580:sika deer 3288:Mule deer 2969:(Wapiti) 2947:Sika deer 2632:Capreolus 2620:Elaphodus 2614:Muntiacus 2581:monophyly 2515:Moschidae 2385:Tragulina 2365:cladogram 2329:Moschidae 2316:Capreolus 2281:musk deer 2242:described 2179:Irish elk 2136:Eocoileus 1940:Oligocene 1932:Himalayas 1914:Oligocene 1908:tragulids 1872:ruminants 1829:Evolution 1754:predators 1656:Deer are 1555:pathogens 1443:pheromone 1432:ruminants 1352:by their 1350:antelopes 1325:Mule deer 1262:blackbuck 1216:A couple 1181:, Indian 1124:sika deer 1099:sika deer 950:pronghorn 892:mule deer 869:wild goat 752:, though 750:Australia 654:adjective 578:Norwegian 542:Old Saxon 520:Old Norse 475:The word 406:Moschidae 402:musk deer 329:true deer 207:Kingdom: 201:Eukaryota 148:sika deer 14713:14200205 14570:Cervidae 14557:Cervidae 14543:Cervidae 14522:Wikidata 14513:Cervidae 14438:Logotype 14381:Illyrian 14263:Brunâtre 14187:Sanguine 14124:Erminois 14092:(purple) 13985:Hatching 13980:Tricking 13943:Stafford 13843:Shamrock 13792:Woodwose 13772:Sea-lion 13742:Pantheon 13717:Lindworm 13660:Chollima 13655:Biscione 13650:Basilisk 13572:Crapaudy 13473:Kangaroo 13335:Componée 13329:Łękawica 13225:pavilion 13220:Mantling 13099:courtesy 13094:Alliance 13022:dominion 13017:National 12948:Heraldry 12786:C. ferus 12742:Vicuña ( 12735:L. pacos 12733:Alpaca ( 12717:L. glama 12684:Tylopoda 12194:C. zebra 12122:C. niger 11696:Procapra 11474:Eudorcas 11450:Antilope 11187:Syncerus 11148:Cattle ( 11141:B. mutus 11069:B. bison 11009:B. arnee 10970:Nilgai ( 10847:Bharal ( 10838:Pseudois 10798:O. dalli 10780:O. aries 10771:O. ammon 10769:Argali ( 10721:Muskox ( 10688:Oreamnos 10666:N. goral 10549:C. walie 10433:Budorcas 10370:Caprinae 10315:Caprinae 10170:Hirola ( 10114:Peleinae 10096:Impala ( 10001:K. leche 9999:Lechwe ( 9895:O. beisa 9871:H. niger 9532:Taruca ( 9499:Rangifer 9429:A. alces 9330:Sambar ( 9257:R. eldii 9237:Rucervus 9195:Chital ( 8987:Cervinae 8974:Cervidae 8935:Cervidae 8863:Tragulus 8537:Eutheria 8531:Mammalia 8525:Chordata 8523:Phylum: 8519:Animalia 8441:Archived 8421:(1911). 8200:11 April 8110:Archived 7884:Patchion 7524:27 March 7434:BBC News 7354:90662935 7256:12746147 7173:16584894 7126:15522810 7076:Archived 7049:(2000). 6968:62265494 6923:Archived 6827:Archived 6793:10866185 6745:Archived 6703:(eds.). 6640:Archived 6567:11 April 6528:16584894 6428:Archived 6416:25669684 6178:Archived 6174:41702231 6140:15120401 6059:13157519 6051:17783306 5860:21414734 5821:12359464 5778:18350673 5735:19901384 5694:16434219 5646:84790827 5470:52147419 5462:30177803 5419:15695205 5370:10418779 5362:11327168 5255:15695205 5003:Archived 4637:(1998). 4476:(2015). 4440:(2007). 4400:4 August 4391:"Havier" 4211:See also 4186:roe deer 4182:buckskin 4174:roe deer 4157:and the 4075:Economic 4026:Rendalen 4022:Hjartdal 3986:Balakhna 3974:Albstadt 3942:Hertford 3923:heraldry 3914:Arms of 3906:, France 3902:Arms of 3894:Heraldic 3868:roe deer 3812:reindeer 3769:Lakshman 3757:Ramayana 3729:Ramayana 3719:Literary 3667:In China 3627:Hittites 3606:Historic 3440:Roe deer 3206:Reindeer 2907:Red deer 2689:Cervinae 2679:Cervidae 2668:Rangifer 2608:Rucervus 2468:Cervidae 2361:diverged 2141:camelids 2091:Pliocene 2073:Pliocene 1964:advanced 1944:Pliocene 1934:and the 1855:incisors 1819:Colorado 1807:helminth 1779:M. bovis 1710:alewives 1686:ruminant 1658:browsers 1647:, Sweden 1641:Roe deer 1625:incisors 1534:Silvassa 1340:Red deer 1242:Khao Yai 1175:hog deer 1048:Ardennes 1018:between 1016:wetlands 1009:Austrian 973:roe deer 968:Eurasian 960:Reindeer 805:muntjacs 762:red deer 711:deer in 664:Cervidae 606:red deer 445:buckskin 433:heraldry 383:roe deer 375:reindeer 363:red deer 351:Cervinae 343:Cervidae 336:ungulate 333:ruminant 310:Cervinae 289:Linnaeus 266:Goldfuss 261:Cervidae 257:Family: 231:Mammalia 221:Chordata 217:Phylum: 211:Animalia 197:Domain: 140:red deer 14414:Related 14282:Cendrée 14265:(brown) 14119:Ermines 14090:Purpure 14080:(green) 14056:(black) 14029:Colours 14009:(white) 13913:Heneage 13855:Thistle 13848:Trefoil 13782:Unicorn 13757:Phoenix 13752:Pegasus 13747:Panther 13732:Musimon 13727:Mermaid 13712:Lampago 13682:Enfield 13675:Chinese 13612:Serpent 13607:Scallop 13577:Dolphin 13551:Pelican 13546:Martlet 13534:Szaszor 13504:Alerion 13478:Leopard 13453:Bull/ox 13427:Saltire 13415:Roundel 13390:Lozenge 13360:Flaunch 13325:Chevron 13315:Bordure 13300:Annulet 13272:Erasure 13259:Charges 13123:Canting 13111:Cadency 13072:Armiger 13046:Burgher 12999:private 12969:History 12898:Cetacea 12889:Cetacea 12757:Camelus 12715:Llama ( 12595:Tayassu 12411:Porcula 11960:Oribi ( 11951:Ourebia 11834:Madoqua 11819:Beira ( 11740:Saigini 11647:N. dama 11525:Gazella 11374:Bovidae 11372:Family 11343:T. oryx 11263:Bongo ( 11245:Nyala ( 11172:Saola ( 11094:Gayal ( 10998:Bubalus 10913:Bovinae 10909:Bovidae 10907:Family 10823:Urial ( 10513:C. ibex 10442:Takin ( 10366:Bovidae 10364:Family 10327:Bovinae 10253:C. gnou 10032:Redunca 9944:Addax ( 9828:Bovidae 9826:Family 9734:Pudella 9721:P. pudu 9612:M. nana 9427:Moose ( 9197:A. axis 9164:D. dama 9026:M. feae 8972:Family 8947:Bovidae 8892:T. napu 8706:Moschus 8642:Giraffa 8627:Okapi ( 8529:Class: 8508:species 8504:Extant 8469:. 1914. 8406:at the 8258:11 July 8222:5 April 7915:, p.150 7440:23 June 7153:Bibcode 7106:Bibcode 6907:Bibcode 6857:Bibcode 6801:4417046 6773:Bibcode 6741:Deinsea 6666:Bibcode 6596:Bibcode 6588:Geobios 6508:Bibcode 6462:Bibcode 6269:Bibcode 6208:Bibcode 6120:Bibcode 6043:1687682 6023:Bibcode 6014:Science 5786:2429198 5743:7102058 5610:1381075 5483:(1877). 5442:Bibcode 5410:1634960 5317:3671833 5246:1634960 5154:1375571 5031:16 June 4999:4648129 4373:, s.v. 4092:venison 4069:mermaid 4046:Selonia 4042:Cervera 4014:Gjemnes 3749:Rigveda 3596:Lascaux 3561:Lascaux 3486:Alceini 2754:Cervini 2574:A 2006 2495:Bovidae 2355:form a 2353:Bovidae 2349:nuclear 2286:diploid 2269:genetic 2198:⁄ 2127:Bretzia 2001:Miocene 1949:Eumeryx 1851:Miocene 1839:duikers 1761:Disease 1734:Female 1706:calcium 1702:lichens 1682:lichens 1662:grasses 1645:Brastad 1631:Biology 1616:muntjac 1610:3.1.3.3 1607:0.1.3.3 1599:3.1.3.3 1596:0.0.3.3 1536:, India 1491:antlers 1469:Antlers 1405:⁄ 1391:⁄ 1377:⁄ 1362:largest 1354:antlers 1282:kouprey 1278:banteng 1155:Koreans 1052:Belgium 1042:in the 1024:Hungary 1020:Austria 997:aurochs 896:caribou 833:caribou 829:Eurasia 821:deserts 797:Central 733:ecotone 727:to the 715:, India 659:cervine 560:Frisian 441:venison 395:antlers 355:muntjac 338:of the 237:Order: 227:Class: 164:caribou 14788:993628 14762:460505 14746:NZOR: 14700:180693 14687:115925 14622:1CERVF 14528:Q23390 14426:Emblem 14400:Tabard 14324:Proper 14303: 14298:Orange 14295: 14287: 14279: 14271: 14269: 14261: 14259: 14251: 14248: 14227: 14225: 14220:Copper 14217: 14196: 14193: 14184: 14181: 14175:Murrey 14172: 14169: 14162:Stains 14151:Potent 14114:Ermine 14087: 14084: 14075: 14072: 14068:(blue) 14063: 14060: 14051: 14048: 14039: 14036: 14021:(gold) 14016: 14013: 14007:Argent 14004: 14001: 13994:Metals 13860:Turnip 13811:Plants 13797:Wyvern 13687:Garuda 13670:Dragon 13640:Alphyn 13436:Beasts 13420:Bezant 13375:Hamade 13365:Goutte 13320:Canton 13237:slogan 13215:Helmet 13106:Blazon 13065:Topics 12989:herald 12302:Suidae 11903:Suni ( 11636:Nanger 11121:Zebu ( 11103:Gaur ( 10988:Bovini 10712:Ovibos 10017:Puku ( 9992:K. kob 9556:Mazama 9345:Cervus 8618:Okapia 8466: 8390: 8365: 8003:Likumi 7911: 7547: 7492: 7470: 7410: 7387: 7352: 7315: 7284: 7254: 7171: 7124: 7029: 6966: 6956: 6875: 6799: 6791: 6764:Nature 6711: 6526: 6422: 6414: 6242: 6172: 6138: 6080: 6057: 6049: 6041: 5990: 5960: 5920: 5858: 5819: 5784: 5776: 5741: 5733: 5692: 5644: 5608: 5562: 5531: 5468: 5460: 5417: 5407: 5368: 5360: 5315: 5253: 5243: 5202: 5177: 5152: 5111: 5075: 4997: 4951: 4908: 4883: 4852: 4827: 4802: 4753: 4728: 4700: 4672: 4647: 4604: 4570: 4542: 4509: 4484: 4456: 4417:"Deer" 4356:7 June 4347:"Deer" 4324:"deer" 4310: 4153:, the 4118:Prince 4002:Slavsk 3978:Dassel 3976:, and 3882:Narnia 3846:film, 3816:sleigh 3773:Ravana 3637:, the 3633:, the 3629:, the 3619:rhyton 3383:Taruca 3129:Chital 2871:Sambar 2650:Mazama 2596:Cervus 2408:Pecora 2333:sister 2238:family 2108:Cervus 2067:browse 2014:Euprox 1886:rabbit 1866:Eocene 1843:Eocene 1835:tusked 1796:rabies 1700:, and 1694:cattle 1674:shrubs 1666:sedges 1566:wolves 1475:Antler 1420:moults 1280:, and 1264:, and 1254:nilgai 1222:Chital 1218:Sambar 1197:, and 1185:, and 1183:sambar 1171:chital 1153:, and 1105:) and 1086:, and 1084:wolves 1060:Poland 1054:, and 1046:, the 1040:Veluwe 1038:, the 1014:, the 1007:, the 1001:wisent 993:tarpan 979:, the 948:, and 930:, and 918:, and 902:, and 875:kids. 849:taruca 837:tundra 803:, and 754:Africa 725:tundra 721:biomes 709:Chital 672:cervus 652:. 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