119:
226:
1118:
179:
131:
107:
167:
143:
155:
566:, would be unethical. In the United States, drug manufacturers must make test data public for generic manufacturers. Under CAFTA's test data exclusivity, drug manufacturers could keep test data secret, which would make it more difficult for local companies to produce generic drugs, and enable multinational pharmaceutical companies to keep a monopoly on branded drugs, including those used to treat AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis.
52:
535:
746:
to resolve the dispute based on the panel's report. If no amicable resolution is possible, the complaining party may suspend trade benefits equivalent in effect to those it considers were impaired, or may be impaired, as a result of the disputed measure. If a dispute arises under both CAFTA-DR and the WTO Agreement, the complaining party may choose either forum.
745:
If a dispute over an actual or proposed national rule cannot be resolved after a 30-day consultation, the matter may be referred to a panel comprising independent experts that the parties select. Once the procedure before the panel is concluded, the panel will issue a report. The parties will attempt
561:
are relatively cheap, the costs of human tests are relatively expensive, and tests take months or years. If generic manufacturers had to redo the tests, the generic drug would be more expensive, and generic manufacturers might not be able to do the tests at all. Furthermore, if generic manufacturers
377:
approved the pact on July 28, 2005, by a vote of 217–215, with two representatives not voting. Controversy arose over this vote because it was held open 1 hour and 45 minutes longer than the normal 15 minutes in order to get some members to change their votes. For procedural reasons, the Senate took
729:
technology. Member countries agree to make patents available for any invention, subject to limited exclusions, and confirm the availability of patents for new uses or methods of using a known product. To guard against arbitrary revocation of patents, the grounds for revoking a patent must meet the
451:
With the addition of the
Dominican Republic, the trade group's largest economy, the region covered by CAFTA-DR is the second-largest Latin American export market for U.S. producers, behind only Mexico, buying $ 29 billion (~$ 36.4 billion in 2023) of goods in 2015. Two-way trade amounted
553:
in the United States, expressed opposition to CAFTA, which they claimed was not ideologically motivated: "As immigrants, we have a deep understanding of the potential benefits of improved transnational cooperation. We would welcome an agreement that would increase economic opportunity, protect our
687:
CAFTA-DR requires that tariffs and quotas be administered in a manner that is transparent, nondiscriminatory, responsive to market conditions and minimally burdensome on trade and allows importers to fully utilize import quotas. Each member country will eliminate export subsidies on agricultural
443:
on about 80% of U.S. exports to the participating countries were eliminated immediately and the rest were phased out over the subsequent decade. As a result, CAFTA-DR does not require substantial reductions in U.S. import duties with respect to the other countries, as the vast majority of goods
637:
CAFTA-DR imposes rules requiring member countries to treat service suppliers of another member country no less favorably than its own suppliers or those of any other country, prohibits certain quantitative restrictions on market access of financial institutions, and bars restrictions on the
486:
declared CAFTA as a priority and received "fast track" authority from
Congress to negotiate it. Negotiations began in January 2003, and agreement was reached with El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua on December 17, 2003, and with Costa Rica on January 25, 2004. That same month,
569:
In
Guatemala mass protests were violently repressed by the government and strikes occurred in Costa Rica in opposition to the trade agreement. Furthermore, many Catholic bishops in Central America and the United States opposed the treaty, just as many social movements in the region.
628:
Each member country must treat service suppliers of another member country no less favorably than its own suppliers or those of any other member country. It requires firms to establish a local presence as a condition for supplying a service on a cross-border basis.
346:, reducing barriers to services, and more. In 2015, it was estimated that the total two-way trade resulted in $ 53 billion (~$ 66.6 billion in 2023). Nearly all Central American exports to the United States had already been tariff-free thanks to the 1984
646:
CAFTA-DR establishes rules to protect investors from one member country against unfair or discriminatory government actions when they make or attempt to make investments in another member country's territory. Investors enjoy six basic protections:
341:
The CAFTA-DR constitutes the first free trade agreement between the United States and a small group of developing countries. It was created with the purpose of creating new and better economic opportunities by opening markets, eliminating
1307:
759:. CAFTA-DR Environmental Cooperation Agreement, signed in concert with the FTA, provides for environmental cooperation on issues of mutual environmental concern. Furthermore, CAFTA-DR contains provisions for the enforcement of the
754:
CAFTA-DR contains certain provisions that do not have the quality of mere technical liberalization, but are rather a commitment to political standards. The treaty obligates governments to the enforcement of environmental laws and
405:
2276:
424:, which currently encompasses the United States, Canada, and Mexico. CAFTA-DR is also seen as a stepping stone towards the FTAA, another (more ambitious) free trade agreement that would encompass all the South American and
3132:
2269:
2665:
1292:
1287:
1267:
554:
shared environment, guarantee workers' rights and acknowledge the role of human mobility in deepening the already profound ties between our countries. However, the CAFTA agreement falls far short of that vision."
1317:
1257:
1302:
1277:
1252:
1704:
1365:
1272:
1262:
919:
852:
679:
procedures and rules and prohibiting each government and its procuring entities from discriminating in purchasing practices against goods, services, and suppliers from the other member countries.
1867:
2531:
1002:
1648:
546:
2798:
1106:
2167:
3249:
2159:
1371:
737:
for pharmaceutical corporations. It protects test data that a company submits in seeking marketing approval for such products by precluding other firms from relying on the data.
2943:
2262:
3196:
2860:
3226:
1755:
3424:
1084:
1527:
362:
because in the United States laws require majority approval in both houses, while treaties require two-thirds approval in the Senate only. Under U.S. law, CAFTA-DR is a
3182:
2977:
2899:
2844:
2002:
393:
The
Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Honduras have also approved the agreement. They are all the current members of CAFTA-DR.
1099:
2118:
3409:
1588:
3203:
3146:
2830:
2480:
1894:
1413:
1297:
598:(e.g., parties are obligated to criminalize bribery in matters affecting international trade or investment). Moreover, the agreement includes i.a. chapters on
3374:
2984:
1312:
433:
17:
522:. Negotiations with the Dominican Republic concluded on March 15, 2004, and a second signing ceremony including Dominican minister of industry and commerce
2954:
2658:
2607:
2596:
911:
889:
844:
3314:
2246:
1092:
1050:
2355:
2039:
1183:
335:
994:
511:
3319:
2413:
2074:
934:
523:
3394:
3334:
2749:
2369:
2362:
2306:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1573:
1193:
1188:
1143:
499:
3389:
2517:
2327:
2011:
1377:
1282:
1158:
507:
503:
3384:
3379:
3339:
3324:
3081:
3051:
2700:
2341:
2313:
1383:
1173:
1148:
2111:
1079:
966:
819:
594:
clause. It also includes the protection of international property rights and requires from their signatories certain measures in the realm of
3399:
2742:
2473:
2406:
2285:
1823:
1407:
1219:
1168:
1163:
3109:
3088:
3021:
2728:
2487:
2376:
2320:
1198:
1153:
1114:
400:(OAS) received signed copies of the treaty. On April 1, 2006, Honduras and Nicaragua fully implemented the agreement. On May 18, 2006, the
3404:
3344:
3309:
3035:
2936:
2644:
2348:
2104:
1178:
721:
Copyright protection for the life of the author plus 70 years (for works measured by a person's life), or 70 years (for corporate works).
3329:
3074:
2616:
1887:
1689:
1122:
3419:
3414:
3164:
3028:
2651:
2083:
1946:
1925:
1912:
1457:
2552:
2429:
2125:
1618:
404:
ratified CAFTA-DR, which went into effect on July 1, 2006. The
Dominican Republic implemented the agreement on March 1, 2007. In a
363:
3256:
3233:
2993:
2141:
2046:
2018:
3153:
2906:
2763:
2132:
2060:
2053:
1598:
1543:
776:
374:
327:
408:, Costa Rica narrowly backed the free trade agreement, with 51.6% voting "Yes"; the agreement took effect on January 1, 2009.
34:
Note: Within this article, "CAFTA" refers to the agreement as it stood before
January 2004, and "CAFTA-DR" is used after that.
3125:
2693:
2452:
2067:
1939:
1880:
1862:
1623:
1480:
334:(FTAA) agreement. Panama has completed negotiations with the United States for a bilateral free trade agreement known as the
2501:
1932:
1333:
2090:
874:
2915:
2714:
2392:
1568:
1418:
323:
295:
under international law). Originally, the agreement encompassed the United States and the
Central American countries of
3067:
2963:
2524:
2025:
1522:
562:
had to redo the tests, they would have to compare the new, effective drugs to less-effective drugs, which according to
2851:
2637:
2097:
1679:
760:
718:
Efficient and transparent procedures governing the application for protection of marks and geographical indications.
396:
El
Salvador became the first country to formally implement CAFTA, which went into effect on March 1, 2006, when the
3354:
2686:
1793:
1699:
3369:
3240:
3058:
3000:
2922:
2385:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2032:
1813:
1808:
1760:
1643:
1613:
1553:
1359:
725:
It also includes provisions on anticircumvention, under which member countries commit to prohibit tampering with
519:
460:
444:
produced in the participating countries already entered the United States duty-free due to the U.S. government's
397:
331:
196:
3364:
3359:
3212:
3095:
2929:
2892:
2814:
2721:
2630:
2545:
1593:
1485:
897:
3349:
3116:
3007:
2735:
1450:
1343:
952:
782:
550:
1844:
2823:
2777:
2575:
2420:
1903:
697:
279:
2791:
2582:
2182:
1750:
1338:
3281:
3272:
3219:
2770:
1745:
1740:
1694:
1653:
1495:
1490:
445:
359:
347:
3175:
3014:
2883:
1775:
1765:
1424:
726:
715:, including protecting preexisting trademarks against infringement by later geographical indications.
230:
2876:
2589:
1443:
977:
787:
756:
595:
3189:
1818:
1583:
1512:
712:
563:
995:"Data exclusivity in international trade agreements: What consequences for access to medicines?"
651:
Non-discriminatory treatment relative to domestic investors as well as investors of non-parties;
539:
271:
3139:
2679:
603:
382:—who had been absent on June 30—in favor of the agreement. The implementing legislation became
214:
2807:
2568:
2561:
734:
701:
401:
225:
3304:
2466:
2443:
2436:
1872:
1709:
591:
370:
62:
8:
1770:
1563:
617:
660:
Protection from expropriation other than in conformity with customary international law;
582:
to foreign firms by reducing and eventually eliminating tariffs and other measures that
378:
a second vote on CAFTA on July 28 and the pact garnered an additional vote from
Senator
3102:
2399:
2299:
1839:
1507:
607:
587:
456:
316:
123:
1705:
Initiative for the
Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
275:
246:
2837:
2459:
2292:
1735:
1730:
1649:
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)
946:
912:"Roll Call Votes 109th Congress - 1st Session: On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 3045 )"
1674:
1628:
1548:
265:
250:
209:
82:
2867:
2672:
1785:
1669:
1578:
1466:
845:"Roll Call Votes 109th Congress - 1st Session: On Passage of the Bill (S. 1307 )"
799:
663:
A "minimum standard of treatment" in conformity with customary international law;
491:
417:
383:
1517:
3042:
483:
459:, CAFTA is a necessary precursor to the execution of Plan Puebla Panama by the
387:
238:
234:
866:
474:
CAFTA-DR reduces tariffs, but every CAFTA country sets its overall tax level.
3298:
2970:
2510:
2255:
1857:
1501:
1117:
1053:
The Dominican Republic - Central America - United States Free Trade Agreement
583:
579:
558:
379:
183:
2494:
2175:
666:
The ability to hire key managerial personnel without regard to nationality.
242:
2784:
2756:
2707:
2623:
1633:
676:
613:
515:
464:
300:
135:
45:
The Dominican Republic–Central America–United States Free Trade Agreement
1603:
793:
764:
599:
495:
296:
288:
111:
1798:
1638:
1015:
Comparative Politics of Latin America (page 469), Daniel C. Hellinger
425:
358:
The agreement is a treaty under international law, but not under the
312:
304:
258:
Dominican Republic–Central America–United States Free Trade Agreement
171:
147:
373:
approved the CAFTA-DR on June 30, 2005, by a vote of 54–45, and the
2538:
1684:
1608:
730:
high standard of not having merited the patent in the first place.
308:
159:
3250:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
1804:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
1435:
1215:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
51:
440:
319:
joined the negotiations, and the agreement was renamed CAFTA-DR.
1589:
Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)
514:, and Nicaraguan minister of development, industry and commerce
326:(NAFTA), and active bilateral free trade agreements such as the
2944:
White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
343:
292:
3197:
Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
487:
negotiations began with the Dominican Republic to join CAFTA.
1714:
796:- unsuccessful attempt to invoke CAFTA-DR against El Salvador
696:
Member countries must ratify or accede to treaties governing
468:
428:
nations as well as those of North and Central America except
421:
1902:
586:
domestic products. To do so, the CAFTA-DR treaty stipulates
534:
1558:
1528:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
429:
2978:
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
1756:
Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)
92:
72:
1574:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
967:"Central American Immigrant Organizations Oppose CAFTA"
549:, the largest national association of Central American
40:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement
3147:
Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
2900:
President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
2831:
Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
518:
signed the 2,400-page document at headquarters of the
2985:
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
1384:
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
463:. The plan includes construction of highways linking
2597:
Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
675:
Each member country must apply fair and transparent
432:. Canada is negotiating a similar treaty called the
3425:
Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration
1855:
820:"CAFTA-DR (Dominican Republic-Central America FTA)"
1414:Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement
871:Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives
623:
434:Canada–Central American Four Free Trade Agreement
3296:
2750:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
2168:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
657:Free transfer of funds related to an investment;
1619:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
691:
416:The goal of the agreement is the creation of a
3082:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
3052:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
1599:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
932:
578:To create an FTA, governments pledge to grant
452:to about $ 50 billion in the same year.
1888:
1824:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
1544:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
1451:
1220:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
1100:
941:. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008.
688:goods destined for another CAFTA-DR country.
510:, Honduran minister of industry and commerce
338:, and has been in effect since October 2012.
3110:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
3089:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
3022:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
1045:
1043:
1041:
3036:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
2659:Government response to September 11 attacks
2645:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
1624:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
1559:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
1419:North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
490:On May 28, 2004, U.S. trade representative
3410:Dominican Republic–United States relations
3315:Free trade agreements of the United States
3075:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
2617:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
1895:
1881:
1794:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
1690:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
1569:Central American Integration System (SICA)
1458:
1444:
1123:Free trade agreements of the United States
1107:
1093:
933:Flórez-Estrada, María (October 18, 2007).
50:
3029:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
2652:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
2286:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement
1080:Official U.S. Government CAFTA-DR website
670:
330:are seen as bloc agreements instead of a
3375:United States–Central American relations
3320:Acts of the 109th United States Congress
1866:) is being considered for deletion. See
1644:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
1018:
999:Médecins Sans Frontières Access Campaign
890:"With push from Bush, CAFTA is approved"
533:
386:109-053 when it was signed by President
224:
3335:United States federal trade legislation
3257:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
2994:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
2019:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
922:from the original on December 14, 2021.
855:from the original on December 14, 2021.
812:
439:Once passed by the countries involved,
14:
3297:
3154:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
2764:Secondary Security Screening Selection
1360:Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
1057:. U.S. Trade Representative. 2004–2011
867:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 443"
777:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
749:
328:Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement
3325:Economic history of the United States
2694:National Construction Safety Team Act
2453:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
1876:
1614:Organization of American States (OAS)
1594:Latin American Economic System (SELA)
1554:Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
1481:Spanish American wars of independence
1439:
1344:Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA)
1088:
887:
824:Office of the US Trade Representative
740:
654:Limits on "performance requirements";
632:
471:, and the rest of the United States.
336:Panama–U.S. Trade Promotion Agreement
315:, and was called CAFTA. In 2004, the
18:Central American Free Trade Agreement
3227:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act
3126:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
2743:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
547:Salvadoran American National Network
3395:El Salvador–United States relations
2916:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
2393:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
1465:
1334:Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA)
1005:from the original on March 9, 2016.
877:from the original on March 2, 2024.
324:North American Free Trade Agreement
24:
3390:Costa Rica–United States relations
3345:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
3310:Legal history of the United States
3068:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
2964:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
2335:Dominican Republic–Central America
1523:Inter-American Commission of Women
1339:Trade in Services Agreement (TISA)
707:Each member country must provide:
638:nationality of senior management.
25:
3436:
3385:Guatemala–United States relations
3380:Nicaragua–United States relations
3340:United States–Caribbean relations
3330:Economy of the Dominican Republic
2638:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
1870:to help reach a consensus. ›
1680:CARICOM Single Market and Economy
1654:United States Pirate Party (USPP)
1073:
761:International Labour Organization
364:congressional-executive agreement
3400:Honduras–United States relations
2845:Criticism of government response
2824:Higher Education Opportunity Act
2715:President's Surveillance Program
1700:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
1116:
620:measures may not be challenged.
455:While not necessarily a part of
270:Tratado de Libre Comercio entre
177:
165:
153:
141:
129:
117:
105:
3241:Renewable Identification Number
3059:Forest Land Enhancement Program
3001:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
2923:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
2701:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
1814:Free Trade Area of the Americas
1809:Economic Partnership Agreements
1761:Inter-American Development Bank
1425:Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
520:Organization of American States
482:In January 2002 U.S. president
461:Inter-American Development Bank
398:Organization of American States
353:
332:Free Trade Area of the Americas
197:Organization of American States
3405:El Salvador–Honduras relations
3213:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
3133:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
3096:Pension Protection Act of 2006
2930:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
2893:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
2815:Election Assistance Commission
2722:Terrorist Surveillance Program
2631:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
2126:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
1486:Decolonization of the Americas
1372:Southern African Customs Union
1009:
987:
976:. May 27, 2004. Archived from
959:
926:
904:
888:Kumar, Anita (July 28, 2005).
881:
859:
837:
757:improvement of the environment
682:
624:Cross-border trade in services
506:, Guatemalan economy minister
502:, Salvadoran economy minister
13:
1:
3117:Troubled Asset Relief Program
3008:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
2736:Homeland Security Act of 2002
1564:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
805:
783:List of free trade agreements
641:
604:public procurement procedures
573:
557:While manufacturing costs of
551:community-based organizations
529:
406:referendum on October 7, 2007
375:U.S. House of Representatives
3420:Honduras–Nicaragua relations
3415:Guatemala–Honduras relations
2778:Terrorist Screening Database
2729:NSA warrantless surveillance
2576:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
2421:Vision for Space Exploration
2133:State funeral of Gerald Ford
1904:Presidency of George W. Bush
1863:Presidency of George W. Bush
698:intellectual property rights
692:Intellectual property rights
526:was held on August 5, 2004.
7:
2799:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
2792:Protect America Act of 2007
2583:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
1751:Central American Parliament
770:
195:General Secretariat of the
10:
3441:
3220:Healthy Forests Initiative
2861:Medicare Modernization Act
2771:Terrorist Screening Center
2666:Rescue and recovery effort
2502:August 2001 daily briefing
2119:Presidential proclamations
1746:Caribbean Development Bank
1741:Caribbean Court of Justice
1695:Central America-4 passport
1496:North American integration
1491:Latin American integration
477:
446:Caribbean Basin Initiative
348:Caribbean Basin Initiative
3266:
3176:Clean Boating Act of 2008
3163:
3015:Energy Policy Act of 2005
2953:
2884:Highly qualified teachers
2606:
2300:Trade promotion authority
2245:
2160:Joint session of Congress
2151:
1920:
1911:
1832:
1784:
1776:South American Parliament
1766:Latin American Parliament
1723:
1662:
1536:
1473:
1396:
1352:
1326:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1207:
1136:
1129:
951:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
727:digital rights management
711:Protection for marks and
280:Estados Unidos de América
202:
191:
98:
88:
78:
68:
58:
49:
44:
3273:← Clinton administration
2877:No Child Left Behind Act
2590:Secure Fence Act of 2006
2047:Supreme Court candidates
2012:Legislation and programs
1868:templates for discussion
1362:(no interest since 2005)
788:World Trade Organization
713:geographical indications
3355:Treaties of El Salvador
3234:Renewable Fuel Standard
2488:Pre-attack intelligence
1819:G3 Free Trade Agreement
1584:Contadora support group
974:Citizens Trade Campaign
564:Doctors Without Borders
538:Anti-CAFTA graffiti in
411:
3370:Treaties of Costa Rica
3282:Obama administration →
3190:Clear Skies Initiative
1549:Andean Community (CAN)
733:CAFTA-DR also ensures
671:Government procurement
542:
253:
231:Francisco Flores Pérez
3365:Treaties of Guatemala
3360:Treaties of Nicaragua
3204:Executive Order 13432
3183:Climate change policy
2808:Help America Vote Act
2569:Executive Order 13470
2562:Executive Order 13355
2040:Judicial appointments
1845:Pan-American Congress
1421:(superseded by USMCA)
1410:(superseded by NAFTA)
735:test data exclusivity
702:WIPO Copyright Treaty
537:
402:Congress of Guatemala
291:agreement (legally a
228:
3350:Treaties of Honduras
2474:Communication issues
2467:September 11 attacks
2183:Mission Accomplished
1710:Interoceanic Highway
1380:(on hold since 2006)
1374:(on hold since 2006)
1368:(on hold since 2006)
1308:United Arab Emirates
935:"CAFTA greenlighted"
894:St. Petersburg Times
540:San José, Costa Rica
272:República Dominicana
63:Free trade agreement
27:Free trade agreement
2937:2006 VRA Amendments
2277:by Condoleezza Rice
2263:International trips
2098:Impeachment efforts
1771:Mercosur Parliament
750:Political standards
618:countervailing duty
592:most-favored nation
390:on August 2, 2005.
41:
3140:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
3103:Public Law 110-343
2400:Mexico City policy
1840:Pan American Games
1513:José de San Martín
983:on April 10, 2005.
939:Latinamerica Press
741:Dispute resolution
633:Financial services
608:financial services
588:national treatment
543:
498:minister of trade
457:Plan Puebla Panama
317:Dominican Republic
254:
124:Dominican Republic
39:
3292:
3291:
2838:Hurricane Katrina
2481:Military response
2460:USA Freedom Corps
2386:2002 steel tariff
2293:Trade Act of 2002
2241:
2240:
2232:2008 SOTU Address
2225:2007 SOTU Address
2218:2006 SOTU Address
2211:2005 SOTU Address
2204:2004 SOTU Address
2197:2003 SOTU Address
2190:2002 SOTU Address
2105:Executive actions
2026:Email controversy
1853:
1852:
1736:Bank of the South
1731:Andean Parliament
1433:
1432:
1392:
1391:
1234:
1228:
1227:
918:. July 28, 2005.
900:on March 4, 2016.
873:. July 28, 2005.
851:. June 30, 2005.
360:U.S. Constitution
223:
222:
16:(Redirected from
3432:
3285:
3276:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3061:
3054:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2879:
2870:
2863:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2144:
2142:Obama transition
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2112:Executive orders
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2033:Shoeing incident
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1940:2nd inauguration
1935:
1933:1st inauguration
1928:
1918:
1917:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1786:Free trade areas
1675:CARICOM passport
1629:Pacific Alliance
1460:
1453:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1055:with amendments"
1047:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1006:
991:
985:
984:
982:
971:
963:
957:
956:
950:
942:
930:
924:
923:
908:
902:
901:
896:. Archived from
885:
879:
878:
863:
857:
856:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
816:
545:In May 2004 the
467:to Mexico City,
251:Alfonso Portillo
182:
181:
180:
170:
169:
168:
158:
157:
156:
146:
145:
144:
134:
133:
132:
122:
121:
120:
110:
109:
108:
94:
83:Washington, D.C.
74:
54:
42:
38:
21:
3440:
3439:
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3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
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3295:
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3279:
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3262:
3255:
3248:
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3218:
3211:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3057:
3050:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:Economic policy
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2875:
2868:Medicare Part D
2866:
2859:
2852:Disaster relief
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2813:
2806:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2673:9/11 Commission
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:Domestic policy
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2525:Afghanistan War
2523:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:Slovakia summit
2442:
2437:Slovenia summit
2435:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2270:by Colin Powell
2268:
2261:
2254:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1907:
1901:
1871:
1854:
1849:
1828:
1780:
1719:
1670:Andean passport
1658:
1604:Lima Group (LG)
1579:Contadora group
1532:
1469:
1467:Pan-Americanism
1464:
1434:
1429:
1401:
1399:
1388:
1348:
1322:
1224:
1203:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1019:
1014:
1010:
993:
992:
988:
980:
969:
965:
964:
960:
944:
943:
931:
927:
910:
909:
905:
886:
882:
865:
864:
860:
843:
842:
838:
828:
826:
818:
817:
813:
808:
800:Rules of origin
773:
765:labor standards
752:
743:
694:
685:
673:
644:
635:
626:
590:and includes a
576:
532:
492:Robert Zoellick
480:
418:free trade area
414:
356:
247:Enrique Bolaños
219:
178:
176:
166:
164:
154:
152:
142:
140:
130:
128:
118:
116:
106:
104:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3438:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3277:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3179:
3171:
3169:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:Red Flags Rule
3039:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2967:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2896:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2553:2008 Iraq SOFA
2549:
2546:financial cost
2542:
2535:
2532:2002 Iraq AUMF
2528:
2521:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2430:Russia summits
2426:
2425:
2424:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2259:
2251:
2249:
2247:Foreign policy
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1851:
1850:
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1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
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1611:
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1601:
1596:
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1576:
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1531:
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1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1493:
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1477:
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1471:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1431:
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1428:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:United Kingdom
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
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1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
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1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1074:External links
1072:
1069:
1068:
1017:
1008:
986:
958:
925:
903:
880:
858:
836:
810:
809:
807:
804:
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802:
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772:
769:
751:
748:
742:
739:
723:
722:
719:
716:
700:, such as the
693:
690:
684:
681:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
643:
640:
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631:
625:
622:
575:
572:
531:
528:
500:Alberto Trejos
484:George W. Bush
479:
476:
413:
410:
388:George W. Bush
355:
352:
322:CAFTA-DR, the
239:George W. Bush
235:Ricardo Maduro
221:
220:
218:
217:
212:
206:
204:
200:
199:
193:
189:
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162:
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96:
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86:
85:
80:
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75:
73:August 5, 2004
70:
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56:
55:
47:
46:
37:
36:
26:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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3198:
3194:
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3187:
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3180:
3177:
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3172:
3170:
3168:
3165:Environmental
3162:
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3151:
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3141:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
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2971:Bush tax cuts
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2779:
2775:
2772:
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2765:
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2758:
2754:
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2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2705:
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2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
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2656:
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2639:
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2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2598:
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2591:
2587:
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2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
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2563:
2559:
2554:
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2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:War on terror
2508:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
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2495:Phoenix Memo
2414:Space policy
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2176:Axis of evil
2068:Samuel Alito
2054:John Roberts
1861:
1803:
1724:Institutions
1518:Lucas Alamán
1500:
1327:Multilateral
1214:
1208:Multilateral
1059:. Retrieved
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1001:. May 2004.
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989:
978:the original
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827:. Retrieved
823:
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596:transparency
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524:Sonia Guzmán
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243:Abel Pacheco
93:1 March 2006
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3305:Trade blocs
2785:Real ID Act
2757:No Fly List
2708:Patriot Act
2624:Amber alert
2377:South Korea
1906:(2001–2009)
1856:‹ The
1634:Petrocaribe
1298:New Zealand
1199:South Korea
1061:October 27,
916:U.S. Senate
849:U.S. Senate
829:February 6,
683:Agriculture
677:procurement
614:Antidumping
516:Mario Arana
496:Costa Rican
465:Panama City
420:similar to
371:U.S. Senate
301:El Salvador
229:Presidents
136:El Salvador
3299:Categories
1926:Transition
1398:Defunct or
1293:Mozambique
806:References
794:OceanaGold
642:Investment
600:investment
574:Provisions
530:Opposition
384:Public Law
297:Costa Rica
289:free trade
192:Depositary
112:Costa Rica
2687:criticism
2518:2001 AUMF
2370:Singapore
2307:Australia
1799:CARIFORUM
1639:Rio Group
1353:Suspended
1288:Mauritius
1268:Indonesia
1246:Bilateral
1194:Singapore
1144:Australia
1137:Bilateral
426:Caribbean
313:Nicaragua
305:Guatemala
203:Languages
172:Nicaragua
148:Guatemala
99:Ratifiers
89:Effective
2539:Iraq War
2328:Colombia
2152:Speeches
1947:Timeline
1913:Timeline
1858:template
1685:CARIPASS
1663:Projects
1609:Mercosur
1378:Thailand
1283:Malaysia
1239:Proposed
1159:Colombia
1130:Existing
1003:Archived
947:cite web
920:Archived
875:Archived
853:Archived
771:See also
763:'s core
309:Honduras
262:CAFTA-DR
160:Honduras
79:Location
2342:Morocco
2314:Bahrain
2091:Cabinet
2084:Pardons
2003:2008–09
1860:below (
1474:History
1400:expired
1318:Uruguay
1258:Ecuador
1174:Morocco
1149:Bahrain
584:protect
478:Support
441:tariffs
344:tariffs
287:) is a
266:Spanish
215:Spanish
210:English
3167:policy
2680:report
2407:PEPFAR
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2170:(2001)
2162:(2001)
1833:Events
1408:Canada
1303:Taiwan
1278:Kuwait
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1169:Jordan
1164:Israel
779:(GATT)
606:, and
311:, and
293:treaty
69:Signed
2907:award
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1366:Qatar
1273:Kenya
1263:Ghana
1154:Chile
981:(PDF)
970:(PDF)
790:(WTO)
469:Texas
422:NAFTA
2363:Peru
2349:Oman
1996:2007
1989:2006
1982:2005
1975:2004
1968:2003
1961:2002
1954:2001
1189:Peru
1179:Oman
1063:2011
953:link
831:2017
616:and
430:Cuba
412:Aims
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256:The
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59:Type
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