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506:, with the wood being used for charcoal, tanning, and bobbin-making; these practices ended in the mid-1800s. Today, the remaining fragments of Celtic rainforest are protected for conservation and research. Since the 20th century, conservation efforts have resulted in the protection and management of many of these woodlands, to address problems such as invasive
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make chestnut coloured fruits in the shape of shields. The weight of the lichens using mosses as a substrate gradually causes the moss carpeting to peel off the trees, where heaps of rare lichens can be found on the ground. Lungworts are lichens in the genus
34:. These woodlands are also variously referred to as Atlantic rainforest, Upland Oakwoods, Atlantic Oakwoods or Western Oakwoods. Today, the Celtic Rainforest exists as small fragments of the temperate rainforest that once covered much of
455:). In the grazed birch woodland on higher ground, the bark has a high acidity due to leaching by the high rainfall. This area is dominated by silvery-grey leafy species of lichens that grow directly on the tree bark, not on mosses.
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Small annual temperature variation, high humidity, and high levels of annual precipitation makes Celtic
Rainforest an important habitat for numerous common and rare species of
42:. The majority of these fragments occur on steep-sided slopes above rivers and lakes which have avoided clearance and intensive grazing pressure. There are notable examples in
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158:). The ground is covered with a deep blanketing of mosses and liverworts, which rise up the trunks of the trees onto the horizontal branches and up into the
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Atlantic
Hazelwoods: the case for conservation of a newly-recognised woodland type, Scottish Natural heritage Scientific Advisory Committee, 3-20-2014,
150:. The Scottish Natural History Scientific Advisory Committee writes, "the whole area is a lichenologists’ Mecca". There is an exceptional number of
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Atlantic hazel: Scotland’s special woodlands, A. M. Coppins, B. J. Coppins, Atlantic Hazel Action Group: Kilmartin, UK, 2012
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Important habitats for lichens, The Celtic rain forest, Scottish
Natural Heritage online,
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574:"Ireland's Temperate Rainforests: What Makes a Woodland a Rainforest? by Dr Rory Hodd"
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The more alkaline bark of ash and hazel favour the growth of specklebelly lichens (
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especially along its western coast, including the Beara
Rainforest in
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plants (plants growing on or hanging from trees without being
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The
Rainforests of Britain and Ireland - A Traveller's Guide
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Woods), and steep-sided riverine and estuarine valleys in
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are bright yellow; and those of dog lichen in the genus
130:, and has rainfall in excess of 2 metres per year.
591:
86:, and one of the best preserved sites on the remote
498:Historic human use, conservation, and preservation
74:, rainforest exists on the islands and shores of
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98:, they occur on steep-sided riverine gorges in
16:The temperate rainforest of the British Isles
414:add a lead-grey color; lichens of the genus
392:communities are found using the mosses as a
122:valley in Cornwall, and the valley of the
22:is a colloquial term which refers to the
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243:
106:. In England, there are examples in the
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258:The Celtic Rainforest is dominated by
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720:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
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502:Historically, these woodlands were
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730:Forests and woodlands of Scotland
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657:Lichen Glossary, Allen Silverside
750:Forests and woodlands of Ireland
725:Ecoregions of the United Kingdom
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50:, the Great Forest of Aughty in
755:Forests and woodlands of Wales
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1:
604:. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
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522:List of ecoregions in Europe
420:are very dark; the fruit of
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706:Coppins & Coppins, 2012
698:. Sandstone Press, Dingwall
602:South-west England Rainfall
527:Celtic rainforests in Wales
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598:UK Government Met Office
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282:). Other trees include
62:and Ardnamona Wood and
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38:and the west coast of
428:) are pink; those of
345:Liverworts and mosses
244:Biodiversity and taxa
166:Evolutionary history
24:temperate rainforest
426:Biatora sphaeroides
134:Physical conditions
673:2014-08-26 at the
644:2014-12-08 at the
548:"Beara Rainforest"
280:Fraxinus excelsior
116:South West England
58:, Oldhead Wood in
735:Biota of Scotland
546:Daltun, Eeoghan.
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451:Pseudocyphellaria
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88:Taynish Peninsula
20:Celtic Rainforest
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740:Biota of Ireland
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363:You can help by
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324:You can help by
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306:Understory flora
284:pedunculate oaks
272:Betula pubescens
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223:You can help by
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184:You can help by
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126:which flows off
118:, including the
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581:. Retrieved
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572:Hodd, Rory.
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555:. Retrieved
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509:Rhododendron
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479:adding to it
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365:adding to it
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276:European ash
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225:adding to it
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186:adding to it
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19:
18:
486:August 2014
405:Parmeliella
372:August 2014
333:August 2014
268:downy birch
260:sessile oak
232:August 2014
193:August 2014
84:Loch Lomond
80:Loch Sunart
714:Categories
533:References
144:liverworts
124:river Dart
112:Borrowdale
76:Loch Maree
583:4 January
557:4 January
435:Peltigera
394:substrate
156:parasitic
152:epiphytic
104:Mid Wales
100:Snowdonia
64:Glenveagh
48:West Cork
671:Archived
642:Archived
578:Hometree
516:See also
504:coppiced
399:Pannaria
128:Dartmoor
72:Scotland
442:Lobaria
411:Degelia
384:Lichens
300:willows
205:Ecology
148:lichens
68:Donegal
44:Ireland
36:Ireland
28:Ireland
417:Sticta
408:, and
390:lichen
296:cherry
274:) and
160:canopy
146:, and
140:mosses
92:Argyll
56:Galway
459:Fauna
388:Rare
288:hazel
254:Trees
249:Flora
120:Fowey
96:Wales
94:. In
70:. In
52:Clare
585:2024
559:2024
453:spp.
102:and
60:Mayo
54:and
30:and
481:.
367:.
328:.
292:elm
266:),
227:.
188:.
90:in
66:in
26:of
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