1145:
1133:
1181:
1169:
818:, "They stole away from the islands on 26 March 1872, rowing out into the Bay of Bengal on home-made rafts across a 750-mile stretch of turbulent water, dodging schools of bounty hunters who fought over 250-rupee rewards (then £25). Picked up by a British vessel, they persuaded the crew that they were shipwrecked fishermen and eventually pitched up, free, at the Strangers Home for Asiatics in London. The two were fed, clothed and given a bed. But while they slept, Colonel Hughes, the home's proprietor, took photographs that were circulated around the Empire. One morning, Mehtab and Choitun awoke to find themselves shackled and frog-marched aboard a ship bound for India."
1121:
571:
solitary cells which prevented any prisoner from communicating with any other. Also, the spokes were so designed such that the face of a cell in a spoke saw the back of cells in another spoke. This way, communication between prisoners was impossible. They were all in solitary confinement. The locks of the prison cells were designed in such a way that the inmate would never be able to reach the latch of the lock. The prison guards would lock up the inmates and throw the key of the lock inside the jail. The inmate would try to put his hand out and try to unlock the door but would never be able to do so as his hand would never reach the key.
1097:
1109:
1157:
38:
825:: "It took a while for the whisper to reach the Yard Five Wing. By then it was 8 pm." The bell rang again. Every prisoner shuffled to his locked gate. "The feeding tube had gone into Mahavir Singh's lungs. They were filled with milk. Doctors were now fighting to revive him. So we shouted 'Inquilab Zindabad' – long live the revolution. 'Inquilab Zindabad'. Twenty-one warders ran out of the Central Tower. 'Inquilab Zindabad'. Truncheons were drawn, a gun was cocked." "Midnight", Dr. Edge noted in the penal colony's hospital log. "Mahavir Singh – dead."
563:
219:
403:
455:
1226:
711:
1193:
533:
189:
1212:
105:
580:
1085:, centers around a group of characters who were inmates or guards at the colonial jail in the Andaman islands. One of the characters is an escapee who has returned to England with a native Andamanese man as a companion. The novel characterizes the Andamanese people in a racist manner, by contemporary standards.
1004:, who hoisted the Indian National Flag for the first time on the islands, at the Gymkhana Ground in Port Blair, appointed INA General AD Loganathan as the governor of the Islands, and announced the Azad Hind Government was not merely a Government in Exile, and had freed the territory from British colonial rule.
503:
was failing to achieve the purpose intended and that indeed criminals preferred to go there rather than be incarcerated in Indian jails. Lyall and
Lethbridge recommended that a "penal stage" should exist in the transportation sentence, whereby transported prisoners were subjected to a period of harsh
784:
Haripada
Chowdhury (caught in the attempted murder case of the editor of The Englishman (later Statesman) Watson and was sentenced for 10 years and deported to Andaman. Was eventually released in the year 1939. During his capture he was found in possession of a pistol along with numerous bullets of
849:
launched a campaign to shut down the jail, and the colonial government decided to repatriate the political prisoners from the
Cellular Jail from 1937 to 1938. "The Cellular Jail was forced to empty in 1939. Two years later, the Japanese seized the islands, transforming the penal settlement into a
722:
Among the records of the
Government of India's Home Department, we found the Empire's response in its Orders to Provincial Governors and Chief Commissioners. "Very Secret: Regarding security prisoners who hunger strike, every effort should be made to prevent the incidents from being reported, no
620:
Solitary confinement was implemented as the
British government of India wanted to ensure that political prisoners and revolutionaries be isolated from one another. The Andaman island served as the ideal setting for the colonial government to achieve this. Most prisoners of the Cellular Jail were
570:
Each of the seven wings had three stories upon completion. There were no dormitories and a total of 696 cells. Each cell was 4.5 by 2.7 metres (14.8 ft × 8.9 ft) in size with a ventilator located at a height of 3 metres (9.8 ft). The name, "cellular jail", derived from the
434:
arrived in April 1868. In 1863, the Rev. Henry Fisher Corbyn, of the Bengal
Ecclesiastical Establishment, was also sent out there and he set up the 'Andamanese Home' there, which was also a repressive institution albeit disguised as a charitable one. Rev. Corbyn was posted in 1866 as
691:, a former officer in the Punjab Mounted Police, was a life convict in the jail who had been imprisoned for murder. He was sentenced to death on 2 April 1867 and during appeal this was reduced to life imprisonment and he was deported to Andamans to serve his sentence.
1027:
Another two wings of the jail were demolished after India achieved independence. However, this led to protests from several former prisoners and political leaders who saw it as a way of erasing the tangible evidence of their history.
1144:
995:
in March 1942, capturing the
Cellular Jail and all prison personnel. The Cellular Jail then became home to British prisoners-of-war, suspected Indian supporters of the British, and later of members of the
394:
Although the prison complex itself was constructed between 1896 and 1906, the
British authorities in India had been using the Andaman Islands as a prison since the days in the immediate aftermath of the
2099:
1916:
504:
treatment upon arrival. The outcome was the construction of the
Cellular Jail, which has been described as "a place of exclusion and isolation within a more broadly constituted remote
992:
727:
Hunger strikes by the inmates in May 1933 caught the attention of the jail authorities. Thirty-three prisoners protested their treatment and sat in hunger strike. Among them were
703:
wanted to kill the
Superintendent and the Viceroy as a revenge for his sentence, which he thought was more severe than he deserved. He said that he killed on the instructions of
2094:
718:
In March 1868, 238 prisoners tried to escape. By April they were all caught. One committed suicide and of the remainder Superintendent Walker ordered 87 to be hanged.
763:
and her daughter, Grace). He was tortured, declared insane due to malarial infection, transferred to the island's lunatic ward at Haddo, and held there for 14 years.
462:
The remote islands were considered to be a suitable place to punish the independence activists. Not only were they isolated from the mainland, the overseas journey (
483:
had picked up momentum. As a result, the number of prisoners being sent to the Andamans grew and the need for a high-security prison was felt. From August 1889
1276:
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different caliber and which are now on display, along with his photograph, in the Kolkata Police Museum, situated in the premises of North Kolkata DC Office.)
1468:
251:
2139:
2084:
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492:
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1007:
On 7 October 1945 the British resumed control of the Islands, and prison, following the surrender of the islands to Brigadier J. A. Salomons, of the
447:. More prisoners arrived from India and Burma as the settlement grew. Anyone who belonged to the Mughal royal family, or who had sent a petition to
1096:
124:
2134:
1035:
Hospital was set up in the premises of the Cellular Jail in 1963. It is now a 500-bed hospital with about 40 doctors serving the local population.
2064:
850:
prisoner of war camp, incarcerating the British warders. In 1945 the Andamans would become the first piece of India to be declared independent."
723:
concessions to be given to the prisoners who must be kept alive. Manual methods of restraint are best, then mechanical when the patient resists."
1560:
1168:
1120:
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to prevent them from re-offending. Two hundred rebels were transported to the islands under the custody of the jailer David Barry and Major
1108:
1708:
1639:
2129:
1052:
is also run in the evenings narrating and showcasing the trials and tribulations of the inmates. It is available in English and Hindi.
2104:
2069:
1180:
1041:
The centenary of the jail's completion was marked on 10 March 2006. Many former prisoners were celebrated on this occasion by the
1000:, many of whom were tortured and killed there by the Japanese. Notionally during this period control of the Islands was passed to
781:
Prisoner 41054, Ram Raksha, who had starved himself in protest at the removal of sacred Brahminical threads from around his chest
1794:
1364:
2124:
2089:
1537:
1443:
674:
343:
1656:
1942:
609:." In response to poor conditions in the Cellular Jail, including the quality of prison food, numerous prisoners went on
468:) to the islands also threatened them with loss of caste, resulting in social exclusion. The convicts were also used in
1820:
1038:
Cellular Jail was declared a National Memorial by the then Prime Minister of India, Morarji Desai on 11 February 1979.
444:
1994:
1767:
1682:
772:
Prisoner 31555, Indu Bhushan Roy (hanged himself with a strand of torn kurta, "exhausted by the unrelenting oil mill")
2109:
2079:
1740:
793:
Naringun Singh (guilty of desertion at Nuddea) (hanged himself in his cell, due to torture by the prison authorities)
487:
served as home secretary in the Raj government, and was also tasked with an investigation of the penal settlement at
2114:
1578:
801:
692:
440:
1943:"Dedication of INSAT- 3C/ Inauguration of Andaman & Nicobar Islands Tele-medicine Project (G B Pant Hospital)"
790:
Prisoner 147 Dhirendra Chowdhury (robbery to raise funds for bombs and guns), one of the few survivors of Kalapani
2020:
1399:
728:
523:
838:) was the first to try to escape. He was fished from the black water, hauled up before Dr Walker and executed.
1917:"This Day In 1943 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Hoisted First Independent Indian Flag In Andaman & Nicobar"
1304:
1008:
822:
255:
480:
383:
117:
1612:
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from 1869, was visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in February 1872 when he was murdered by Afridi.
527:
327:
551:
The building had seven wings, at the center of which a tower served as the intersection and was used by
997:
20:
1069:
film was based on the prison and its inmates during 1915. Some scenes were shot in the actual prison.
808:, who arrived at the Andaman Islands on an inspection tour on 8 February 1872; hanged on 11 March 1872
540:
The construction of the prison started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The original building was a
662:
1564:
1192:
396:
247:
1049:
1245:
559:. The wings radiated from the tower in straight lines, much like the spokes of a bicycle wheel.
1718:
1636:
423:
1433:
1251:
736:
642:
622:
606:
519:
419:
375:
267:
259:
1505:
1081:
767:
678:
335:
759:, killing the bridge partners of Douglas Kingsford, the chief presidency magistrate, Mrs.
587:
Conditions faced by prisoners in the Cellular Jail were frequently abysmal. As noted in a
37:
8:
2119:
1851:
1042:
1032:
1001:
846:
552:
484:
379:
339:
283:
203:
69:
1791:
1372:
414:
were put on trial, with many of them being executed. Others were exiled for life to the
1072:
1012:
646:
448:
402:
367:
359:
275:
1343:
1816:
1533:
1439:
1298:
685:, was transferred to Berhampore Jail in Bengal, before his mysterious death in 1924.
670:
562:
464:
218:
555:
to keep watch on the inmates; this format was based on Jeremy Bentham's idea of the
1473:
1066:
805:
696:
638:
634:
630:
363:
355:
235:
1946:
1499:
1485:
778:
Prisoner 38511, Baba Bhan Singh, who had been beaten to death by David Barry's men
1968:
1798:
1643:
1527:
1344:"Cellular jail District South Andaman, Government of Andaman and Nicobar | India"
1318:
1076:
988:
797:
760:
700:
688:
666:
626:
544:-colored brick building. The bricks used to build the building were brought from
500:
351:
291:
92:
1792:
History of Andaman Cellular Jail: Atrocities committed on early freedom fighters
775:
Prisoner 38360, Chattar Singh, who was suspended in an iron suit for three years
1477:
1239:
842:
650:
496:
454:
312:
239:
1744:
2058:
752:
744:
673:
were also lodged in Cellular Jail. Several revolutionaries were tried in the
614:
610:
602:
279:
139:
126:
1998:
1217:
1016:
740:
732:
598:
589:
263:
175:
756:
682:
654:
415:
347:
331:
243:
1582:
710:
1231:
658:
556:
488:
469:
371:
271:
88:
1403:
1285:. India. 15 August 2004. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007
814:
Prisoner 10817, Choitun, came the closest to succeeding. According to
1713:
1418:
1281:
1061:
1225:
1945:(Press release). Indian Space Research Organization. Archived from
411:
834:
Prisoner 61, Narain (having excited sedition in the cantonment at
532:
1319:"Cellular Jail: Timing, Updated Photos, History and reviews 2020"
835:
828:
Prisoner 89, Mohan Kishore, had also been killed. Drowned in milk
594:
473:
431:
1162:
The hanging cell, where three prisoners could be hanged at once
853:
State-wise list of freedom fighters sent to the Cellular Jail:
451:
during the Rebellion was liable to be deported to the islands.
1997:. Andaman & Nicobar Administration website. Archived from
1431:
704:
545:
505:
436:
386:. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.
193:
188:
110:
1581:. Andaman and Nicobar Administration website. Archived from
1402:. Andaman and Nicobar Administration website. Archived from
2100:
Buildings and structures in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2049:
1657:"MOPLAH REBELLION (PRISONERS). (Hansard, 18 February 1924)"
1150:
Special condemned cell for keeping prisoners before hanging
743:(also convicted in Arms Act Case). These three died due to
541:
427:
1768:"The Assassination of Lord Mayo : The "First" Jihad?"
1683:"The Assassination of Lord Mayo : The "First" Jihad?"
755:(made home-made bombs that exploded inside a carriage in
579:
495:, a surgeon in the IMS, concluded that the punishment of
1838:
Bejoy Kumar Sinha: A Revolutionary's Quest for Sacrifice
1876:
1813:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Saga of Freedom Struggle
2095:
Tourist attractions in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1432:
Alison Bashford; Carolyn Strange (12 November 2012).
410:
Shortly after the rebellion was suppressed, captured
1207:
963:Himachal/ NW Frontier/ Tamil Nadu/ State not known
426:(IMS) doctor who had been warden of the prison at
1611:Scott-Clark, Cathy; Levy, Adrian (22 June 2001).
1387:Pioneer Biographies of the British Period to 1947
2056:
1425:
831:Prisoner 93 Mohit Mitra, killed. Drowned in milk
574:
1610:
1525:
1102:Exhibit at Cellular Jail: model of the facility
458:Port Blair - Viper New Jails under construction
1709:"Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail"
1400:"Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail"
1529:Isolation: places and practices of exclusion
1492:
1472:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1435:Isolation: Places and Practices of Exclusion
1271:
1269:
443:, and later died there and is buried at the
1877:"Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India"
1553:
1526:Strange, Carolyn; Bashford, Alison (2003).
621:independence activists. Some inmates were,
2140:Prisons in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2085:History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1571:
1392:
217:
1266:
406:The Ross Island Prison Headquarters, 1872
2075:Prisoners and detainees of British India
1114:Exhibit at Cellular Jail: flogging frame
709:
578:
561:
531:
453:
401:
326:), was a British colonial prison in the
2135:World Heritage Tentative List for India
1914:
1733:
1589:
1469:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2065:Government buildings completed in 1906
2057:
1987:
1810:
1759:
72:(Indian independence freedom fighters)
1835:
1706:
1700:
1674:
1637:Freedom Fighters Deported to Andamans
1532:. London: Routledge. pp. 41–42.
1055:
472:to construct prisons, buildings, and
1935:
1915:Abraham, Bobins (30 December 2017).
1277:"A memorial to the freedom fighters"
1255:, a 1996 Indian film set in the jail
1022:
346:, including Sardar Singh Artillery,
1995:"Cellular Jail completes 100 years"
1908:
1459:
1369:This is about Andaman Cellular Jail
320:
13:
2130:20th-century architecture in India
1561:"Cellular Jail - Darkness At Noon"
1365:"History of Andaman Cellular Jail"
1126:Exhibit at Cellular Jail: oil mill
445:Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad
14:
2151:
2043:
1765:
1680:
1563:. MapsofIndia.com. Archived from
739:(convicted in Arms Act Case) and
384:struggle for India's independence
2105:Monuments and memorials in India
2070:British colonial prisons in Asia
1969:"Cellular Jail, Andaman Islands"
1905:(Delhi: Vikas Publ.) 1978 p. 249
1773:. IJAPS, Vol 5, No.2 (July 2009)
1688:. IJAPS, Vol 5, No.2 (July 2009)
1438:. Psychology Press. p. 37.
1224:
1210:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1095:
382:were imprisoned here during the
187:
103:
36:
2013:
1961:
1895:
1869:
1844:
1829:
1804:
1785:
1707:Kapse, Ram (21 December 2005).
1649:
1630:
1519:
993:invasion of the Andaman islands
511:
1741:"The Murder of Lord Mayo 1872"
1504:. India Office. 1905. p.
1501:The India List and Office List
1379:
1357:
1336:
1311:
982:
707:. He was subsequently hanged.
593:article, prisoner could face "
524:Indian vernacular architecture
479:By the late 19th century, the
1:
1743:. andaman.org. Archived from
1259:
1242:, British police commissioner
1009:116th Indian Infantry Brigade
681:, the surviving companion of
575:Prison conditions and inmates
441:St. Luke's Church, Abbottabad
358:, Shadan Chandra Chatterjee,
330:. The prison was used by the
42:Entrance of the Cellular Jail
16:Indian island colonial prison
2125:1906 establishments in India
2090:Indian independence movement
1973:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1579:"India Image: Cellular Jail"
1486:UK public library membership
1466:"Lyall, Sir Charles James".
1198:Cellular Jail in the evening
332:colonial government of India
7:
1203:
1048:Apart from guided tours, a
867:Number of Freedom Fighters
811:Prisoner 12819, Mehtab, and
617:by the prison authorities.
613:. Those who did were often
528:Ancient Indian architecture
328:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
10:
2156:
1801:. AndamanCellularJail.org.
1646:. AndamanCellularJail.org.
1088:
998:Indian Independence League
735:(Lahore conspiracy case),
517:
389:
21:Kala Pani (disambiguation)
18:
1840:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
1836:Sinha, Srirajyam (1993).
1811:Murthy, R. V. R. (2011).
1303:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1174:Exterior view of one wing
663:Trailokyanath Chakravarty
316:
234:
229:
225:
216:
199:
182:
171:
163:
155:
116:
98:
84:
76:
64:
59:
51:
47:
35:
30:
2110:History museums in India
2080:Defunct prisons in India
1323:www.tropicalandamans.com
397:Indian Rebellion of 1857
248:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2115:Prison museums in India
1815:. Kalpaz Publications.
1797:18 January 2007 at the
1613:"Survivors of our hell"
1246:Communist Consolidation
1478:10.1093/ref:odnb/34642
725:
715:
584:
567:
566:One of the seven wings
537:
459:
424:Indian Medical Service
407:
344:independence activists
737:Mohan Kishore Namadas
720:
714:Cellular Jail balcony
713:
669:arrested in the 1921
643:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
623:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
583:From inside of a cell
582:
565:
535:
520:Architecture of India
481:independence movement
457:
420:James Pattison Walker
405:
376:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
268:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
260:Mohan Kishore Namadas
2021:"Prisons of freedom"
1406:on 30 September 2007
1389:, np, nd, Appendix A
1138:Inner view of a cell
1082:The Sign of the Four
1050:sound-and-light show
1011:, a month after the
693:The 6th Earl of Mayo
679:Barindra Kumar Ghose
348:Diwan Singh Kalepani
324: 'Black Water'
156:Construction started
19:For other uses, see
1949:on 29 February 2004
1721:on 13 December 2006
1567:on 1 November 2006.
1422:, 21 December 2005.
1375:on 18 January 2007.
1043:Government of India
1033:Govind Ballabh Pant
1002:Subhas Chandra Bose
857:
847:Rabindranath Tagore
747:. Other prisoners:
485:Charles James Lyall
430:. Another 733 from
340:political prisoners
334:for the purpose of
284:Sudhangshu Dasgupta
213:
204:Government of India
136: /
77:Architectural style
70:political prisoners
60:General information
1921:The Times of India
1642:2010-09-06 at the
1073:Arthur Conan Doyle
1056:In popular culture
1013:Surrender of Japan
856:
731:, an associate of
716:
647:Hare Krishna Konar
585:
568:
538:
460:
449:Bahadur Shah Zafar
408:
380:Sudhanshu Dasgupta
368:Hare Krishna Konar
276:Sohan Singh Bhakna
252:Hare krishna Konar
211:
1903:The Andaman Story
1883:. 21 January 2022
1747:on 5 October 2012
1661:api.parliament.uk
1539:978-0-415-30980-6
1484:(Subscription or
1445:978-0-415-30980-6
1023:Post Independence
980:
979:
671:Malabar rebellion
305:, also known as '
299:
298:
230:Notable prisoners
209:
208:
140:11.675°N 92.748°E
80:Cellular, pronged
52:Alternative names
2147:
2050:cellularjail.com
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2027:. 20 August 2019
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1984:
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1933:
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1930:
1928:
1923:. Times of India
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1772:
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1757:
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1717:. Archived from
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1452:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1390:
1383:
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1376:
1371:. Archived from
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1309:
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1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1067:Historical drama
1015:, at the end of
858:
855:
806:Viceroy of India
697:Viceroy of India
677:(1908), such as
639:Babarao Savarkar
635:Vinayak Savarkar
631:Batukeshwar Dutt
493:A. S. Lethbridge
364:Vinayak Savarkar
356:Batukeshwar Dutt
325:
322:
318:
287:Bahadur Gaonbura
236:Batukeshwar Dutt
221:
214:
210:
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191:
151:
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148:
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146:
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137:
134:
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109:
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40:
28:
27:
2155:
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2055:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1975:. 15 April 2014
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1913:
1909:
1901:N. Iqbal Singh
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
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983:INA control
768:Barin Ghose
757:Muzaffarpur
683:Bagha Jatin
655:Sohan Singh
470:chain gangs
360:Sohan Singh
244:Diwan Singh
143: /
118:Coordinates
68:Prison for
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2059:Categories
1622:7 February
1488:required.)
1451:2 February
1260:References
1232:Law portal
1075:'s second
659:Subodh Roy
557:Panopticon
518:See also:
489:Port Blair
372:Shiv Verma
317:ۘकाला पानी
308:Kālā Pānī'
289:Formud Ali
272:Shiv Verma
131:92°44′53″E
128:11°40′30″N
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1979:22 August
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1419:The Hindu
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1852:"CSTDoc"
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508:space."
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875:Bengal
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390:History
336:exiling
321:transl.
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