412:
settlement's military role as a garrison town, and suggest that the stone wall surrounding the ridge enclosure would have formed part of the town defences. The more frequent explanation is that the settlement was concentrated around St
Michael's Church, on low land next to the river, where there would have been easy access to the mill and a nearby spring. A series of earthworks surrounding the church represent raised causeways above boggy land, sunken roads in the direction of the toll bridge and probable medieval house platforms, as well as
54:
308:
359:. The authority of the Mortimer lords within Maelienydd was limited to the district surrounding the town and castle. In the place of rent, small amounts of tribute were taken from the Welsh community, as evidenced by accounts from 1356-7 which show that out of the cantref's gross income of £215, only £15 was extracted from the Welshry outside the shire of
411:
The lack of visible remains has meant the town's location has not been conclusively proven. The population may have been small enough to fit within the enclosure of Castle Bank, a large ridge on which the
Mortimer family built two 13th century castles. Supporters of this interpretation emphasise the
315:
The date of the town's founding is unrecorded. It may have been established concurrently with the first stone castle at
Cefnllys in the 1240s, but a later date is more likely, particularly after the creation of royally-sponsored English towns at Flint, Aberystwyth, and Rhuddlan in the aftermath of
172:
420:
agriculture. Archaeological finds surrounding the church have been mostly from the Tudor period or later, however. The church's structure is of 13th century origin, although the date of its founding is unknown and it was heavily restored in 1895.
366:
The town was ultimately short-lived: by 1332 the population had decreased to 20 citizens and it had further shrunk by 1383, when it is recorded as having only 10 burgesses. Its failure was probably due to a combination of factors, including
375:
weakened its economic appeal, and Robert Rees Davies comments that the militarily advantageous location of the borough undermined its feasibility as a settlement: "the artificiality of commercial setting was too obvious once the military
320:. The settlement was extant in 1297, when it was documented as being granted a market charter. It had gained borough status by 1304, when it was recorded as having a population of 25 residents, as well as a church and a town mill on the
499:
343:
The rule of
English barons was resented by the region's Welsh population, and in 1297 a group of aggrieved locals travelled to London to present their complaints to
71:
387:
Cefnllys remained a borough after the decline of the medieval settlement, although the borough eventually encompassed one-fifth of the parish. From the
196:
392:
189:
1009:
317:
299:
outbreaks, economic isolation and military insecurity. Despite this, Cefnllys retained its borough status until the 19th century.
1019:
403:
was born at
Cefnllys. In 1831, the population of the borough was 16 residents, in "three Farm Houses and one small Cottage".
396:
352:
184:
399:
constituency in the
English and British parliament with four other Radnorshire boroughs. In 1742, the landscape painter
982:
917:
887:
283:, with which the town was closely associated. The town was probably intended to become the primary settlement of the
971:
336:
at
Cefnllys was highly unusual given the upland terrain, and reflect the efforts of the Mortimer lords to establish
935:
711:
388:
220:
371:
across
Britain in 1349, 1361–62 and 1369. The town's isolated position in the hilly, sparsely populated region of
355:
forced Edmund to restore the traditional Welsh court at
Cymaron, undermining attempts to strengthen the castle's
156:
132:
80:
959:
770:
64:
114:
16:
This article is about the historic borough and medieval town. For the castles located at
Cefnllys, see
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96:
715:
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146:
909:
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in Maelienydd in order to consolidate their rule in Maelienydd and increase the region's revenue.
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indicate the existence of a toll bridge, probably at the site of the current-day footbridge. A
177:
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348:
8:
851:
806:
781:
329:
952:
The towns of medieval Wales: a study of their history, archaeology, and early topography
826:
978:
955:
913:
883:
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332:, probably located north of the castle, was also recorded in 1360. The presence of a
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New towns of the Middle Ages: town plantation in England, Wales, and Gascony
395:, it was a classed as a contributory borough, jointly electing an MP to the
812:(Report). Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
295:, but was unsuccessful and declined during the 14th century as a result of
284:
897:
875:
491:
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742:
Barley, M. W. (1976). "Town Defences in England and Wales after 1066".
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in order to strengthen their hold on land in the vicinity of the
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The plans and topography of medieval towns in England and Wales
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380:... had been removed". The constant threat of war within the
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275:. The settlement was founded during the 13th century by the
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Lordship and society in the March of Wales, 1282-1400
756:. CBA Report 14 – via Archaeology Data Service.
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472:
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927:Martin, C. H. R.; Silvester, R. J. (March 2011).
904:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1001:
926:
522:
347:, who granted them an audience in front of the
929:Historic settlements in Radnorshire: Cefnllys
804:
558:
454:
311:View of the church and surrounding earthworks
805:Browne, David M.; Pearson, Alastair (2006).
954:. Chichester, Sussex, England: Phillimore.
765:(1st ed.). London: Lutterworth Press.
746:(Report). Council for British Archaeology.
782:"The castle, borough and park of Cefnllys"
910:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208785.001.0001
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351:. Subsequent letters from the king to
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902:The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063-1415
856:The Radnorshire Society Transactions
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831:The Radnorshire Society Transactions
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786:The Radnorshire Society Transactions
594:
546:
977:(1st ed.). London: Routledge.
353:Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer
13:
14:
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492:"Shaky Bridge, Cefnllys (170538)"
1010:Former populated places in Wales
936:Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
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393:Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
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23:Historic borough in Powys, Wales
973:The high Middle Ages, 1200-1550
922:– via Oxford Scholarship.
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1:
1020:Archaeological sites in Powys
994:– via Internet Archive.
852:"Maelienydd 30–31 Edward III"
424:
369:recurrent outbreaks of plague
429:
318:Edward I's conquest of Wales
7:
882:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
827:"The Castles of Maelienydd"
761:Beresford, Maurice (1967).
716:Historic Environment Record
523:Martin & Silvester 2011
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65:OS grid reference
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559:Browne & Pearson 2006
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28:Human settlement in Wales
969:Trevor, Rowley (1986).
850:Cole, E. J. L. (1964).
825:Cole, E. J. L. (1946).
389:Laws in Wales Act 1542
312:
157:Postcode district
42:
950:Soulsby, Ian (1983).
780:Brown, A. E. (1972).
310:
115:Preserved county
636:, pp. 321, 334.
147:Sovereign state
689:, pp. 127–127.
612:, pp. 212–213.
585:, pp. 102–103.
97:Principal area
58:St Michael's Church
597:, pp. 34, 37.
349:English Parliament
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190:Mid and West Wales
418:open-field system
261:Llandrindod Wells
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88:Llandrindod Wells
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277:Mortimer family
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934:(Report). The
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687:Beresford 1967
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675:Beresford 1967
667:
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650:
648:, p. 167.
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624:, p. 427.
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443:Beresford 1967
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357:manorial court
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898:Davies, R. R.
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345:King Edward I
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324:. Records of
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267:(now part of
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990:21 September
988:. Retrieved
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941:20 September
939:. Retrieved
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866:25 September
864:. Retrieved
859:
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841:30 September
839:. Retrieved
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816:14 September
814:. Retrieved
796:14 September
794:. Retrieved
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735:Bibliography
722:28 September
720:. Retrieved
706:
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663:Soulsby 1983
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561:, p. 5.
554:
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525:, p. 3.
505:29 September
503:. Retrieved
495:
486:
479:Soulsby 1983
474:
462:
457:, p. 4.
450:
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410:
401:Thomas Jones
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241:
240:
25:
699:Barley 1976
646:Davies 2000
634:Davies 1978
622:Davies 2000
610:Trevor 1996
583:Davies 1978
571:Davies 1978
338:manorialism
322:River Ithon
265:Radnorshire
253:castle town
178:Dyfed-Powys
1004:Categories
961:0850334373
772:0862994306
535:Brown 1972
467:Brown 1972
425:References
391:until the
361:Dinieithon
293:Maelienydd
72:SO08936146
595:Cole 1964
547:Cole 1946
430:Citations
373:Mid Wales
330:deer park
197:Ambulance
81:Community
43:Cefn-llys
900:(2000).
878:(1978).
407:Location
285:lordship
250:medieval
242:Cefnllys
34:Cefnllys
862:: 31–39
792:: 11–22
496:Coflein
326:pontage
303:History
289:cantref
259:, near
257:borough
133:Country
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958:
916:
886:
837:: 3–19
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500:RCAHMW
378:
173:Police
932:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
334:manor
273:Wales
269:Powys
231:Powys
226:Wales
202:Welsh
139:Wales
123:Powys
105:Powys
39:Welsh
992:2020
979:ISBN
956:ISBN
943:2020
914:ISBN
884:ISBN
868:2020
843:2020
818:2020
798:2020
767:ISBN
724:2020
712:CPAT
507:2021
287:and
255:and
185:Fire
162:15PD
906:doi
748:doi
291:of
271:),
263:in
1006::
912:.
860:34
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854:.
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221:UK
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
