286:
781:
s Bruce Pulver criticized the visuals only for often being too dark, such that important elements were not visible. Williamson regarded the lighting as poor overall, oscillating between too dark and "over-saturated disco colors". Liu cited blurry textures, some lackluster animations, and poorly
795:
Sluganski described the music as "easy on the ears", being slightly better than that in other shooters. In contrast, Pulver felt that the audio was the game's weakest element, with some music tracks seeming out of place, demons sounding "more annoying than frightening", and angel dialog being
818:
sold 20,000 copies within weeks of its wider retail release and 86,000 units by August 2006. Major markets were
Australia, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Bagley said he received encouraging emails from parents 25–30 times per day.
34:
308:, a novice Christian undergoing training with a mentor for one year before being granted access to secret meetings. Before their training could be completed, their mentor and brethren were captured by the Romans, so the catechumen seeks to free them. The player traverses eighteen
877:, plus a marketing budget 150% of that. In January 2005, he founded the Christian Game Developers Foundation to bring Christian games into the mainstream and raise funds for a prospective Christian console game. N'Lightning ultimately closed without releasing any further games.
316:
Roman soldiers and various demons as enemies. As the game progresses, angels grant the catechumen eight Swords of the Spirit to use as weapons. Each sword has a different strength and effectiveness against certain enemies. They shoot energy beams that defeat demons and
336:, while the Armor of God pickup provides additional protection. The game ends when the player loses all faith. Some levels require the player to solve puzzles to proceed, such as finding keys, pushing buttons or levers, turning valves, and rearranging boxes.
804:. Liu deplored the limited interactivity, while Sluganski regarded unoriginal puzzles as the game's "major downside". He felt that the game was too easy as the abundance of scrolls meant he rarely faced death. Williamson mourned the lack of a
493:. Initially aimed solely at other Christians, the game was later designed for a wider audience by not being "preachy" about its biblical themes and texts. Around thirty people worked on the game, with Andy Anderson as lead
415:, he believed there was a potential market for Christian games "that match the excitement of secular games while promoting Christian values – without the violent or sexually explicit content".
531:
was announced on July 18, 2000. The name had been chosen from a number of possible titles because it made people question its meaning. It was marketed through advertisements in game magazines like
466:, had recently closed and laid off its staff. Bagley consequently established N'Lightning in April 1999 and hired several of them to form the core design team. The development of
344:. There are five difficulty settings—"Fledgling", "Easy", "Normal", "Hard", and "Impossible"—and beating the game on the highest setting unlocks the secret "Hall of Fame" area.
1617:
1069:
450:, including an attendee of his church. He noted that a large budget was necessary because underfunded Christian games tended to turn out "cheesy". At the same time,
1688:
1547:
1332:
1218:
1989:
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featured no multiplayer, N'Lightning had begun developing a multiplayer game by August 2000. The company later created another single-player first-person shooter,
2159:
1762:
1725:
2063:
2026:
1299:
1033:
1587:
849:
were among the bestselling
Christian games of all time, and N'Lightning's sales increased yearly. Despite this, the company remained an obscure name in the
259:
received mixed reviews, with praise for its fast-paced action and differing opinions about its story and audiovisual presentation. Its levels, puzzles, and
1102:
2274:
442:, which caused those games to be partially blamed for the shooting. In the wake of these events, two investors returned Bagley's calls. He raised nearly
1185:
2249:
1492:
954:
998:
1954:
301:
179:
1386:
910:
2279:
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190:, they seek to free their mentor and fellow Christians from captivity. The player uses the eight Swords of the Spirit to defeat demons and
1830:
748:, reported the game as a satisfying adrenaline rush, and he praised the environments as being "exquisitely rendered". Randy Sluganski of
2136:
1866:
1900:
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833:
265:
2194:
269:, in 2001. Both games were among the most expensive and bestselling Christian video games. N'Lightning planned to branch out into
801:
260:
1613:
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713:
called the storyline "refreshing" for drawing from existing legends instead of inventing something entirely new. Conversely,
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2016:
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837:. It was in development by March 2001 and released in September with CenturionSoft as the distributor. The game cost
796:
difficult to hear due to ambient sounds. Liu faulted simplistic level designs, which
Williamson labeled "cramped and
1023:
567:. FindEx, a software distributor with a focus on Christian media, was tasked with shipping it to store chains like
1577:
1514:
1092:
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475:
423:
230:
1414:
2189:
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1984:
1582:
1428:
1327:
1175:
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427:
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509:. On several occasions, the core team of eleven developers worked sixteen hours per day. The team used the
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318:
191:
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to six investors, both
Christian and secular, but was turned down by all of them. However, after the
329:
199:
1424:
800:". He regarded the gameplay as irritating and the environments "snore-worthy", also lambasting the
760:
431:
1964:
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to produce, making it the most expensive
Christian game. By July 2005, it had sold 50,000 copies.
1757:
1376:
920:
372:
364:
206:
1451:
186:, a novice Christian being trained before taking part in secret gatherings. Traversing eighteen
2284:
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518:
473:
Bagley sought a game that he would want to play, having previously enjoyed the
Christian games
401:
215:
178:
themes developed and published by N'Lightning
Software Development. Set during the time of the
564:
539:
502:
486:
384:
90:
2126:
1876:
1910:
1543:
735:
s Colin
Williamson lauded the game's pacing, saying it was "ridiculously fast, making even
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297:
175:
171:
147:
51:
41:
8:
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were widely criticized. The game sold 86,000 copies and was followed by a successor,
226:
100:
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but had mixed feelings about coming home from church to play "nastier" games like
2223:
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1419:
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728:
635:
412:
360:
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2001:
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was the debut game of N'Lightning
Software Development, a studio focused on
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to form the core design team. Thirty people worked on the game, which cost
2100:
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2008:
1971:
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805:
110:
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that the game exhibited some visible shortcomings, such as enemy limbs
580:
544:
321:
Roman soldiers to
Christianity, who then kneel down and start to pray.
305:
274:
183:
1959:
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548:
510:
451:
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The player's Swords of the Spirit fire energy beams to defeat demons.
242:
115:
579:. CenturionSoft brought the game to 450 Babbage's locations and the
2131:
2095:
1980:"Catechumen has some good points, but it's not an ideal video game"
1491:(Press release). N'Lightning Software Development. March 19, 2001.
1259:
572:
533:
33:
1616:(Press release). N'Lightning Software Development. July 18, 2000.
782:
executed illusions for outdoor areas. Ryan Reynolds wrote for the
1804:
1802:
1792:
1323:"Gore-free Christian video game pits your soul against the devil"
568:
552:
395:
127:
709:
rating of 53% based on ten critic reviews. Michael Lafferty of
1799:
1614:"Spirituality And Gaming Together In The Battle Of A Lifetime"
1370:
1368:
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1362:
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was initially sold only via N'Lightning's website and through
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1016:
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195:
1408:
1406:
1404:
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available on the game's website. The game was released for
389:
2045:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1707:
1013:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1671:
1525:
1117:
1812:. N'Lightning Software Development. 2001. Archived from
1791:. N'Lightning Software Development. 2001. Archived from
1517:. N'Lightning Software Development. 2000. Archived from
1401:
1279:
1200:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
1847:
1647:"Interview With Ralph Bagley, Maker of Religious Games"
1084:
418:
In 1996, Bagley pitched his idea for what would become
1883:
1606:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
869:. Bagley estimated the development would cost between
2082:
1744:
1237:
887:
754:
said the graphics were less advanced than peers like
722:
s Johnny Liu found the story to be "more boring than
237:. That month, Bagley established N'Lightning, raised
1948:
1946:
1781:
1716:"Oregon company offers religion-oriented video game"
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
328:
decreases when enemies inflict damage, analogous to
213:
in 1996 because he had mixed feelings about playing
2151:
1922:
1920:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1126:"'Good triumphs over evil' in Christian video game"
927:
277:and eventually shut down without further releases.
2176:
2120:
2118:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1943:
1810:"N'Lightning Software's Archived News and Events"
1637:
1635:
2231:
1917:
1507:
1476:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
2115:
1825:
1823:
1534:"Developers pray Christian video games succeed"
1154:
808:mode, and Pulver bemoaned the inability to use
332:. It can be increased by collecting scrolls of
249:to make. After eighteen months in development,
2185:"Video games where prayer triumphs over sword"
1679:"New video game has story based on scriptures"
1632:
1521:on August 18, 2000 – via catechumen.com.
1443:
1209:"Holy video games give Christians alternative"
411:. Seeing the recently increased popularity of
971:
387:. Bagley had been a fan of video games since
302:persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
233:in April 1999, which was partially blamed on
180:persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
1820:
1412:
470:began immediately and took eighteen months.
300:set in the year 171, during the time of the
241:, and hired staff from the recently defunct
229:. He was unable to obtain funding until the
1024:"Christian Game Developers Shine the Light"
2275:Video games developed in the United States
2051:
1864:
1123:
347:
194:possessed Roman soldiers to Christianity.
32:
908:
697:received mixed reviews, according to the
454:, a local game studio that had developed
2088:
2014:
1977:
1927:Lafferty, Michael (September 26, 2000).
1926:
1489:"Catechumen Heads to the Retail Channel"
1413:Ojeda-Zapata, Julio (October 15, 2000).
1374:
1060:"Believers Battle with Satan, Virtually"
1058:Chesnut, Patrick R. (December 8, 2005).
857:. N'Lightning later sought to develop a
284:
205:Ralph Bagley, N'Lightning's founder and
2250:Fiction set in 2nd-century Roman Empire
2182:
2124:
2054:"Games: 'It's been very well received'"
1750:
1375:Thompson, John J. (February 19, 2001).
1207:Alter, Alexandra (September 26, 2004).
1057:
764:but praised the use of vibrant colors,
2232:
2197:from the original on November 27, 2022
1952:
1865:Williamson, Colin (October 25, 2000).
1713:
1641:
1575:
1320:
1105:from the original on September 5, 2023
1090:
986:
952:
430:were found to have been obsessed with
1620:from the original on November 2, 2022
1495:from the original on November 2, 2022
1252:
1206:
1188:from the original on November 2, 2022
834:Ominous Horizons: A Paladin's Calling
266:Ominous Horizons: A Paladin's Calling
2157:
2139:from the original on August 13, 2023
2125:Cobbett, Richard (August 23, 2017).
2066:from the original on August 30, 2023
2029:from the original on August 30, 2023
1992:from the original on August 30, 2023
1765:from the original on August 30, 2023
1728:from the original on August 30, 2023
1691:from the original on August 30, 2023
1590:from the original on August 30, 2023
1550:from the original on August 30, 2023
1531:
1449:
1431:from the original on August 30, 2023
1335:from the original on August 30, 2023
1255:"Christians purge video game demons"
1221:from the original on August 30, 2023
1138:from the original on August 30, 2023
1072:from the original on August 30, 2023
1036:from the original on August 30, 2023
1001:from the original on October 1, 2020
2280:Video games set in the Roman Empire
2160:"Action and adventure, by the Book"
2127:"The weirdest shooters of the '90s"
2091:"Fire and brimstone, guns and ammo"
2052:Stonehouse, David (April 1, 2001).
1898:
1659:from the original on March 14, 2023
1464:from the original on March 16, 2023
1173:
1124:Stonehouse, David (April 1, 2001).
590:
304:. The player assumes the role of a
13:
2183:Dotinga, Randy (August 26, 2005).
2158:Bray, Hiawatha (October 2, 2003).
2089:Musgrove, Mike (August 17, 2006).
1789:"Catechumen Problem and Questions"
1576:Hayden, Maureen (March 10, 2001).
1321:Hayden, Maureen (March 10, 2001).
1290:"Growth of Christian Video Gaming"
1267:from the original on March 6, 2023
1093:"Gamemakers call on holy warriors"
987:Gibson, Nick (February 20, 2012).
14:
2301:
2213:
2015:Reynolds, Ryan (March 10, 2001).
1978:Reynolds, Ryan (March 10, 2001).
1953:Berman, A.S. (October 11, 2000).
1753:"Tips, notes and news for gamers"
1751:Cravens, Glenn (August 4, 2000).
1389:from the original on May 26, 2022
1302:from the original on June 9, 2007
1091:Gussow, Dave (October 10, 2005).
953:Pulver, Bruce (October 5, 2000).
909:Sluganski, Randy (October 2000).
501:, and Kristopher Horton as lead
56:N'Lightning Software Development
46:N'Lightning Software Development
2270:Video games about the Colosseum
2226: (archived August 15, 2000)
1253:Davis, Matthew (May 24, 2005).
742:A.S. Berman, in his review for
739:seem lethargic in comparison".
2022:Evansville Courier & Press
1985:Evansville Courier & Press
1714:Arends, Hank (July 29, 2000).
1687:. August 4, 2000. p. C1.
1583:Evansville Courier & Press
1450:Chen, Adrian (July 19, 2005).
1328:Evansville Courier & Press
785:Evansville Courier & Press
424:Columbine High School massacre
253:was released in October 2000.
231:Columbine High School massacre
1:
2190:The Christian Science Monitor
1174:Dee, Jonathan (May 1, 2005).
880:
198:stands in as the character's
1899:Liu, Johnny (October 2000).
1532:Linn, Sarah (July 3, 2004).
586:
583:online store in March 2001.
375:in Medford. He also was the
363:. The company's founder and
7:
1176:"PlayStations of the Cross"
383:, a small newspaper in the
280:
10:
2306:
1415:"Onward, Christian Gamers"
955:"Catechumen – Main Review"
2260:Single-player video games
822:
628:
625:
603:
600:
367:, Ralph D. Bagley, was a
153:
141:
133:
121:
109:
99:
89:
70:
60:
50:
40:
31:
26:
2265:Video games about angels
1901:"Catechumen – PC Review"
1425:Knight Ridder Newspapers
497:, Chris Perkins as lead
426:occurred in April 1999,
182:, the player controls a
802:artificial intelligence
559:version was discussed.
521:. The development cost
381:The Christian Quarterly
373:Church of God in Christ
365:chief executive officer
348:Development and release
261:artificial intelligence
207:chief executive officer
2172:on September 30, 2004.
555:on October 1, 2000. A
519:closed-source software
489:, focusing instead on
290:
2255:First-person shooters
2245:Christian video games
1939:on November 19, 2000.
1628:– via GameZone.
1503:– via GameZone.
989:"Christian FPS Games"
705:, which calculated a
540:Computer Gaming World
487:nonviolent video game
385:Western United States
357:Christian video games
288:
1913:on December 8, 2000.
1879:on November 9, 2000.
1843:on December 9, 2019.
1816:on October 21, 2002.
1544:The Associated Press
1377:"Trained to Thrill?"
967:on October 17, 2000.
923:on October 17, 2000.
911:"Review: Catechumen"
861:, having licensed a
565:Christian bookstores
547:, and a three-level
298:first-person shooter
172:first-person shooter
148:First-person shooter
2103:on January 27, 2023
1831:"Catechumen for PC"
1684:The Sheboygan Press
1645:(August 10, 2000).
1065:The Harvard Crimson
1032:. August 18, 2004.
994:Hardcore Gaming 101
851:video game industry
622:
597:
513:engine, which cost
235:violent video games
2290:Windows-only games
1382:Christianity Today
1181:The New York Times
1029:The Christian Post
871:$ 2.5 million
839:$ 1.6 million
812:to avoid enemies.
620:
595:
444:US$ 1 million
291:
239:US$ 1 million
1967:on June 26, 2001.
1795:on April 8, 2001.
1721:Statesman Journal
1515:"Catechumen Team"
1298:. July 25, 2005.
699:review aggregator
691:
690:
618:
617:
491:spiritual warfare
485:. He ruled out a
476:The War in Heaven
448:private investors
369:licensed minister
324:The catechumen's
227:licensed minister
163:
162:
95:Kristopher Horton
79:Kristopher Horton
2297:
2240:2000 video games
2220:Official website
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2168:. Archived from
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2099:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1963:. Archived from
1950:
1941:
1940:
1935:. Archived from
1924:
1915:
1914:
1909:. Archived from
1896:
1881:
1880:
1875:. Archived from
1862:
1845:
1844:
1839:. Archived from
1827:
1818:
1817:
1806:
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1796:
1785:
1779:
1778:
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1539:The News Tribune
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1214:The Miami Herald
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1046:
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1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
984:
969:
968:
963:. Archived from
950:
925:
924:
919:. Archived from
906:
876:
875:$ 4 million
872:
868:
847:Ominous Horizons
840:
780:
766:dynamic lighting
734:
721:
707:weighted average
623:
619:
598:
594:
543:, inclusions on
524:
516:
482:Saints of Virtue
445:
428:its perpetrators
248:
240:
36:
24:
23:
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2224:Wayback Machine
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2211:
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2013:
2009:
1995:
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1951:
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1872:CNET Gamecenter
1863:
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1829:
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1808:
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1800:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1768:
1766:
1758:The Californian
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1457:Willamette Week
1448:
1444:
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1420:Chicago Tribune
1411:
1402:
1392:
1390:
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1338:
1336:
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1305:
1303:
1295:Christian Today
1288:
1287:
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1098:Tampa Bay Times
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792:through walls.
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729:CNET Gamecenter
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596:Aggregate score
593:
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413:Christian music
361:Medford, Oregon
350:
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137:October 1, 2000
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2076:Newspapers.com
2062:. p. A2.
2059:Ottawa Citizen
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2025:. p. C2.
2007:
2002:Newspapers.com
1988:. p. C1.
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1761:. p. 6D.
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1724:. p. 4C.
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1701:Newspapers.com
1670:
1652:Old Man Murray
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1600:Newspapers.com
1586:. p. C2.
1565:
1560:Newspapers.com
1546:. p. B3.
1524:
1506:
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1452:"Ralph Bagley"
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1331:. p. C1.
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1231:Newspapers.com
1217:. p. 8C.
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1134:. p. A1.
1131:Ottawa Citizen
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916:Just Adventure
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751:Just Adventure
716:GameRevolution
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463:The 11th Hour
459:
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457:The 7th Guest
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158:Single-player
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105:Andy Anderson
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91:Programmer(s)
88:
82:Chris Perkins
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2199:. Retrieved
2188:
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2170:the original
2163:
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2141:. Retrieved
2130:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2094:
2084:
2074:– via
2068:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2037:– via
2031:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
2000:– via
1994:. Retrieved
1983:
1973:
1965:the original
1958:
1955:"Catechumen"
1937:the original
1932:
1929:"Catechumen"
1911:the original
1904:
1877:the original
1870:
1867:"Catechumen"
1841:the original
1836:GameRankings
1834:
1814:the original
1793:the original
1783:
1773:– via
1767:. Retrieved
1756:
1746:
1736:– via
1730:. Retrieved
1719:
1709:
1699:– via
1693:. Retrieved
1682:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1650:
1643:Wolpaw, Erik
1622:. Retrieved
1608:
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1592:. Retrieved
1581:
1558:– via
1552:. Retrieved
1537:
1527:
1519:the original
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1466:. Retrieved
1455:
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1433:. Retrieved
1418:
1391:. Retrieved
1380:
1343:– via
1337:. Retrieved
1326:
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1304:. Retrieved
1293:
1269:. Retrieved
1258:
1229:– via
1223:. Retrieved
1212:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1179:
1146:– via
1140:. Retrieved
1129:
1119:
1109:September 5,
1107:. Retrieved
1096:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1063:
1038:. Retrieved
1027:
1003:. Retrieved
992:
965:the original
960:Games Domain
958:
921:the original
914:
859:console game
853:and did not
846:
842:
832:
828:
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783:
775:Games Domain
773:
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703:GameRankings
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351:
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293:
292:
273:but did not
264:
256:
255:
250:
220:
214:
210:
209:, conceived
204:
166:
165:
164:
66:Ralph Bagley
52:Publisher(s)
42:Developer(s)
18:
863:game engine
806:multiplayer
626:Publication
545:cover disks
123:Platform(s)
72:Designer(s)
62:Producer(s)
2234:Categories
2201:August 30,
2165:Boston.com
2143:August 30,
2107:August 30,
2070:August 30,
2033:August 30,
2017:"Reynolds"
1996:August 30,
1769:August 30,
1732:August 30,
1695:August 30,
1663:August 30,
1624:August 30,
1594:August 30,
1554:August 30,
1499:August 30,
1468:August 30,
1435:August 30,
1393:August 30,
1339:August 30,
1306:August 30,
1271:August 30,
1225:August 30,
1192:August 30,
1142:August 30,
1076:August 30,
1040:August 30,
1005:August 30,
881:References
855:break even
843:Catechumen
829:Catechumen
816:Catechumen
770:volumetric
695:Catechumen
601:Aggregator
581:Amazon.com
561:Catechumen
529:Catechumen
525:in total.
503:programmer
468:Catechumen
420:Catechumen
353:Catechumen
306:catechumen
294:Catechumen
275:break even
257:Catechumen
251:Catechumen
211:Catechumen
184:catechumen
174:game with
170:is a 2000
167:Catechumen
27:Catechumen
1960:USA Today
867:$ 500,000
745:USA Today
682:USA Today
592:Reception
587:Reception
577:Babbage's
523:$ 850,000
511:Genesis3D
505:and lead
452:Trilobyte
377:publisher
334:scripture
314:possessed
312:, facing
247:$ 850,000
243:Trilobyte
176:Christian
116:Genesis3D
101:Artist(s)
2195:Archived
2137:Archived
2132:PC Gamer
2096:NBC News
2064:Archived
2027:Archived
1990:Archived
1933:GameZone
1763:Archived
1726:Archived
1689:Archived
1657:Archived
1618:Archived
1588:Archived
1548:Archived
1493:Archived
1462:Archived
1429:Archived
1387:Archived
1333:Archived
1300:Archived
1265:Archived
1260:BBC News
1219:Archived
1186:Archived
1136:Archived
1103:Archived
1070:Archived
1034:Archived
999:Archived
790:clipping
711:GameZone
701:website
659:GameZone
573:Wal-Mart
534:PC Gamer
515:$ 10,000
281:Gameplay
143:Genre(s)
2222:at the
810:stealth
569:CompUSA
553:Windows
396:Pac-Man
371:at the
319:convert
192:convert
154:Mode(s)
134:Release
128:Windows
1578:"Game"
823:Legacy
768:, and
761:Unreal
663:8.5/10
575:, and
557:Mac OS
495:artist
330:health
310:levels
200:health
188:levels
111:Engine
779:'
772:fog.
756:Quake
733:'
720:'
629:Score
604:Score
446:from
440:Quake
434:like
408:Quake
338:Satan
326:faith
296:is a
225:as a
222:Quake
196:Faith
2203:2023
2145:2023
2109:2023
2072:2023
2035:2023
1998:2023
1771:2023
1734:2023
1697:2023
1665:2023
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1596:2023
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1501:2023
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1227:2023
1194:2023
1144:2023
1111:2023
1078:2023
1042:2023
1007:2023
873:and
865:for
845:and
758:and
737:Doom
641:4/10
549:demo
537:and
479:and
460:and
438:and
436:Doom
405:and
402:Doom
393:and
390:Pong
342:boss
219:and
216:Doom
827:As
726:".
687:3/4
614:53%
379:of
2236::
2193:.
2187:.
2162:.
2135:.
2129:.
2117:^
2093:.
2056:.
2019:.
1982:.
1957:.
1945:^
1931:.
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1903:.
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653:D−
571:,
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675:B
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