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297:, the island of Lesbos has been an organized city since 1054 BC. The early harbor of Mytilene was united during ancient times with a channel 700 meters long and 30 meters wide. The Greek word Εύριπος or Euripus is a commonly used term when referring to a strait. The strait allowed ancient 3 rower or more sail boats called
304:
The areas of the city that were densely populated connected the two bodies of land with marble bridges, one of which can still be seen under a modern building. They usually followed a curved line. The straight begin at the old market called Epano Skala. It was also close to
Metropolis Street and
502:
The interior of the fortress is being excavated by the
Canadian Archaeological Institute, which has unearthed buildings from the Archaic and Classical periods as well as remains dating from medieval times. In 2000, reconstruction began on the Orta Kapi (west-central gate) and the Cistern, and
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424:, on November 8, 1912. After 1912 the castle was used as a source of building material to construct refugee housing which gradually brought about its ruin. The intramural segment continued to be inhabited until shortly after the
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or because of destruction by earthquake. They carried out repairs to the walls, erecting a new wall in front of the existing medieval wall. In front of these new structures a deep wide moat was created.
229:. It is maintained in good condition and is one of the largest castles in the Mediterranean covering an area of 60 acres. The first castle on the site may have been erected during the time of
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for
Theophanes sake. According to excavations both in the Castle of Mytilene and elsewhere in the town archeologists have uncovered a variety bronze coins Commemorating Theophanes portrait.
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ended at the
Southern Harbor. One could argue that the channel transversed what is now called Ermoo Street. By the 16th century, if not earlier, the channel was filled in.
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317:. According to an old text found in the language Aeolic of Lesbos. Mytilene was spelled in many different styles two such examples were Mytileanaean and as referenced by
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During the 19th century the function and character of the castle changed. The castle exhibited a more military character, as indicated by the barracks built near the
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Other changes and additions followed, the most important of which was made in 1677 by the
Ottomans. The lower north sections of the fortifications were added. The
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333:. A Temple of Apollo may have existed within the Castle infrastructure. Another Case was made by Susan-Marie Cronkite in her Doctoral thesis that a Sanctuary of
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and the neighboring gunpowder vault. Its walls, however, were not thick or strong enough to withstand attack by cannons, especially from the seaward side.
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301:. The boats that passed were 34 meters and had depth of 4 meters. The castle at this point was east of the island. Castle island was inhabited by people.
632:
Cronkite, Susan-Marie "THE SANCTUARY OF DEMETER AT MYTILENE: A DIACHRONIC AND CONTEXTUAL STUDY" Institute of
Archaeology, University College London. 1997
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restoration is currently underway on the monument’s interior. In recent years, a space was created inside the fortress to host summer cultural events.
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and in 88 BC the Romans destroyed
Mytilene and the Temple of Mytilene assumed Apollo's Temple. They extended domination over the whole island.
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In the Upper Castle, Francesco
Gattilusio's additions included square stone tower, decorated with the family coats of arms of the
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The
Acropolis or Upper Castle lies in the north and is the highest point of the hill, there is a Thesmophorion and the Castle of
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and his successors, especially the tower known today as the Queen's Tower. There is also strong evidence that the original
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The original nucleus of the fortress, designed in
Byzantine times, is believed to have been built on top of the ancient
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was used for construction materials. In 1756 Admiral Kuramadji added a polygonal tower near the harbor of Epano Skala.
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The castle is currently used for local festivals in the summer and tourist tours it is declared a historical site.
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The city flourished and was in League with the King of Macedon, Lesbos joined a revolt against Rome in the
233:(ruled 527–565). The 6th-century castle may have been built on top of an already existent fortress. In the
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New construction to modernize the castle was undertaken in 1643-1644 by Bekir Pasha, in the days of
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castle fortress sits on a hill between the city’s northern and southern ports. From the writing of
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lived in the 1st century, he was a historian and intellectual who was friends with
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643:, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Richard Stillwell, Lesbos Greece.
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Maloeis, which was a harbor in Lesbos. According to the same text a Temple of
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From a morphological perspective, the castle is divided into three sections:
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479:. It was also known as the Queen’s Tower. The middle Castle was changed by
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2015:
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Map of Mytilene created in 1597 by the Venetian Giacomo (Jacomo) Franco
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Relief at the Castle of Mytilene, showing the family cypher of the
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may have rested at the Acropolis throughout Mytilene's history.
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The first significant alterations to the fortress were made by
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672:"Castles - Tourist Guide of Mytilene: Holiday Lesvos Greece"
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The Lower Castle on the northwest side was added by the
1931:
Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki
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repaired the damage suffered by the Castle during the
664:
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Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes
2374:
1982:
1008:
722:
420:The island was captured by Greece during the
245:on the site may have included a sanctuary to
348:later gave Mytilene autonomy, which Emperor
30:
1989:
1975:
1015:
1001:
729:
715:
79:
693:
499:also added the Orta Kapu (Ottoman gate).
383:by the Ottomans in 1462. In 1501, Sultan
308:
272:
264:
1597:Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras
736:
329:. Temples usually were erected at the
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2231:Monastery of Saint John the Theologian
1896:Monastery of Saint John the Theologian
1970:
1352:Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy
996:
710:
491:, a bath-house, the gunpowder store,
2398:Buildings and structures in Mytilene
1022:
982:Molyvos International Music Festival
325:existed in Maloeis as we learn from
16:Castle on the Greek island of Lesbos
701:Ministry of Culture Mytilene Castle
487:Islamic Monastery, the Madrasa, an
449:The Middle Castle, mostly built by
13:
2388:Byzantine fortifications in Greece
2383:Buildings and structures in Lesbos
237:, the castle was the residence of
14:
2424:
1686:Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)
1664:Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)
1357:Byzantine scholars in Renaissance
760:Archaeological Museum of Mytilene
573:
464:in 1644, the lower portion has a
2413:Ottoman fortifications in Greece
2349:
1998:
1674:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
1649:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
561:
549:
537:
525:
513:
389:Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503)
78:
71:
55:
1538:Siege of Thessalonica (676–678)
1322:Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos
434:
1691:Battle of the Echinades (1427)
1570:Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
646:
635:
626:
613:
1:
1781:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
1701:Ottoman conquest of the Morea
1614:Under the Palaiologos dynasty
1558:Byzantine reconquest of Crete
607:
352:revoked in 70 AD but Emperor
2026:St. George's Castle, Preveza
1619:Reconquest of Constantinople
1543:Siege of Patras (805 or 807)
1237:Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas
765:Catholic Church of Theotokos
260:
7:
2403:Byzantine castles in Greece
2136:Fortifications of Heraklion
1851:Church of the Parigoritissa
1824:Church of the Holy Apostles
1744:Miracles of Saint Demetrius
1585:Sack of Thessalonica (1185)
1528:Under the Heraclian dynasty
755:Ancient Theatre of Mytilene
585:
408:Ancient Theatre of Mytilene
285:coat of arms (center right)
10:
2429:
1639:Battle of Pharsalus (1277)
1386:Eustathius of Thessalonica
1337:Constantine XI Palaiologos
1277:Andronikos III Palaiologos
1222:Michael II Komnenos Doukas
951:Petrified forest of Lesbos
687:ΤΟΥΡΙΣΤΙΚΟΣ ΟΔΗΓΟΣ ΛΕΣΒΟΥ
506:
2358:
2347:
2011:
1803:
1711:
1696:Morea revolt of 1453–1454
1506:
1470:
1419:
1232:John I Doukas of Thessaly
1202:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
1129:
1032:
974:
938:
847:
816:
745:
398:, perhaps in view of the
195:
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157:Greek Ministry of Culture
152:
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134:
97:
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61:Castle of Mytilene (2010)
54:
41:
31:
26:
21:
2306:Fortifications of Rhodes
2196:Koules (Castello a Mare)
2131:Fortifications of Chania
1951:Saints Theodoroi, Serres
1553:Muslim conquest of Crete
1242:Thomas I Komnenos Doukas
1227:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1207:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
1085:Theme of the Peloponnese
834:Saint Ignatios Monastery
780:Roman Aqueduct of Lesbos
453:but was modified by the
379:in 1373. The castle was
2364:List of gates in Greece
1936:Panagia Ekatontapiliani
1916:Old Metropolis of Veria
1669:Zealots of Thessalonica
1518:Persecution of paganism
1471:Greek states after 1204
1327:Theodore II Palaiologos
839:Agios Raphael Monastery
368:he granted freedoms to
221:on the Greek island of
2036:Castle of Saint Andrew
1766:Byzantine architecture
1681:Byzantine–Ottoman Wars
1565:Macedonian Renaissance
1493:Despotate of the Morea
1488:Empire of Thessalonica
1292:Stephen Gabrielopoulos
961:Kalamiaris palm forest
955:Natural History Museum
855:Agia Paraskevi, Lesbos
602:The Bridge at Kremasti
481:Francesco I Gattilusio
451:Francesco I Gattilusio
445:Francesco I Gattilusio
381:bombarded and captured
377:Francesco I Gattilusio
358:Theophanes of Mytilene
286:
281:(center left) and the
270:
239:Francesco I Gattilusio
2341:Walls of Thessaloniki
2256:New Navarino fortress
2201:Larissa Castle, Argos
2106:Didymoteicho Fortress
1926:Panagia Kontariotissa
1856:Didymoteicho Fortress
1654:Hesychast controversy
1604:Battle of Klokotnitsa
1580:Byzantine–Norman wars
1342:Demetrios Palaiologos
1317:Esau de' Buondelmonti
1182:Nikephoros Melissenos
1080:Theme of Thessalonica
1033:Provinces and regions
309:History of the castle
276:
268:
2171:Kastellos (Kritinia)
2121:Fortezza of Rethymno
2041:Angelokastro (Corfu)
1816:Angelokastro (Corfu)
1734:Byzantine literature
1629:Battle of Makryplagi
1533:Byzantine Iconoclasm
1302:Manuel Kantakouzenos
1297:Nikephoros II Orsini
1212:Demetrios Chomatenos
1172:Nikephoros II Phokas
1090:Theme of Cephallenia
824:Taxiarchis Monastery
621:Naukratis, Volume 6
520:View from the castle
400:Cretan War (1645–69)
215:Fortress of Mytilene
32:Κάστρο της Μυτιλήνης
2276:Old Navarino castle
2271:Old Fortress, Corfu
2251:New Fortress, Corfu
1644:Battle of Demetrias
1634:Battle of Neopatras
1609:Battle of Pelagonia
1548:Arab–Byzantine wars
1523:Barbarian invasions
1478:Despotate of Epirus
1376:Nicephorus Gregoras
1045:Theme of the Aegean
623:(Ulan Press ) p. 65
396:Sultan Ibrahim Khan
115: /
2246:Castle of Mytilene
1624:Battle of Prinitza
1371:George Akropolites
1347:Thomas Palaiologos
1312:Thomas Preljubović
1282:Michael Monomachos
1095:Theme of Nicopolis
1070:Theme of Macedonia
1065:Macedonia Province
770:Castle of Mytilene
657:2014-07-29 at the
556:Castle of Mytilene
532:Castle of Mytilene
287:
271:
211:Castle of Mytilene
86:Castle of Mytilene
22:Castle of Mytilene
2393:Castles in Greece
2370:
2369:
2071:Astypalaia Castle
2046:Antimachia Castle
2005:Castles in Greece
1964:
1963:
1911:Nea Moni of Chios
1839:Soteira Lykodemou
1834:Little Metropolis
1776:Byzantine cuisine
1739:Alexander romance
1411:George Sphrantzes
1366:Niketas Choniates
1252:Demetrios Kydones
1187:Michael Choniates
990:
989:
899:Castle of Molyvos
829:Ipsilou Monastery
796:Statue of Liberty
592:Castle of Molyvos
207:
206:
119:39.112°N 26.562°E
2420:
2408:Crusader castles
2353:
2266:Nerantzia Castle
2261:Nafpaktos Castle
2191:Kazarma fortress
2051:Arkessini Castle
2003:
2002:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1921:Panagia Episkopi
1829:Daphni Monastery
1575:East-West Schism
1510:
1483:Empire of Nicaea
1332:Gemistos Plethon
1075:Theme of Strymon
1026:
1025:Byzantine Greece
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1010:
1003:
994:
993:
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686:
684:
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674:. Archived from
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617:
565:
553:
541:
529:
517:
426:Second World War
422:First Balkan War
356:Later restored.
342:Mithridatic Wars
235:Late Middle Ages
217:, is located in
190:Byzantine Empire
148:Site information
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2326:Skiathos Castle
2301:Platamon Castle
2241:Mithymna Castle
2236:Miryna Fortress
2211:Livadeia Castle
2181:Kassiopi Castle
2176:Kalamata Castle
2161:Ioannina Castle
2126:Firkas Fortress
2091:Castle of Chios
2081:Castle of Bouka
2061:Aptera Fortress
2007:
1997:
1995:
1965:
1960:
1881:Kassiopi Castle
1871:Hexamilion wall
1861:Feraklos Castle
1846:Castle of Chios
1799:
1771:Byzantine dress
1754:Greek Anthology
1729:Byzantine music
1707:
1508:
1502:
1466:
1415:
1401:Joannes Zonaras
1267:Andronikos Asen
1262:Nicholas Orsini
1257:Catalan Company
1247:Gregory Palamas
1152:Irene of Athens
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1055:Theme of Hellas
1040:Achaea Province
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659:Wayback Machine
651:
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619:Griffith F.L.,
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597:Castle of Sigri
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165:the public
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2336:Vonitsa Castle
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2331:Trikala Castle
2328:
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2311:Riniasa Castle
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2226:Methoni Castle
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2146:Gardiki Castle
2143:
2141:Frangokastello
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2128:
2123:
2118:
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2108:
2103:
2101:Cythera Castle
2098:
2093:
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2086:Bourtzi Castle
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2066:Arcadia Castle
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2058:
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2031:Amfissa Castle
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2023:
2018:
2012:
2009:
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1994:
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1979:
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1962:
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1959:
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1956:Trikala Castle
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1866:Gardiki Castle
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1723:Macedonian art
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1592:Fourth Crusade
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1423:
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1413:
1408:
1406:George Kodinos
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:Michael Glykas
1388:
1383:
1381:John Scylitzes
1378:
1373:
1368:
1359:
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1349:
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1329:
1324:
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1272:John II Orsini
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:John Apokaukos
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1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
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1060:Theme of Samos
1057:
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867:
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860:Agios Isidoros
857:
851:
849:
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842:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
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813:
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792:
790:Saint Therapon
787:
782:
777:
772:
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762:
757:
751:
749:
743:
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734:
733:
726:
719:
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704:
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692:
663:
661:, Roman Period
645:
634:
625:
611:
609:
606:
605:
604:
599:
594:
587:
584:
583:
582:
580:Castle Diagram
575:
574:External links
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560:
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548:
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469:
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2296:Patras Castle
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2186:Kavala Castle
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2024:
2022:
2019:
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2014:
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2010:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
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1946:Porta Panagia
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1941:Patras Castle
1939:
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1876:Hosios Loukas
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1786:Byzantine law
1784:
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1764:
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1759:Acritic songs
1757:
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1719:Byzantine art
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1424:
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1420:Major centres
1418:
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1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1121:Great Vlachia
1119:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
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1088:
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979:
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962:
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956:
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949:
947:
944:
943:
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931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
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893:
891:
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886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
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861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
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840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
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822:
821:
819:
815:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
797:
793:
791:
788:
786:
785:Sappho Square
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
737:Landmarks of
732:
727:
725:
720:
718:
713:
712:
709:
700:
696:
678:on 2014-10-16
677:
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418:
416:
411:
409:
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401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
364:according to
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306:
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248:
244:
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198:
194:
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188:
186:Built by
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161:
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146:
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133:
128:
100:
96:
74:
65:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
25:
20:
2360:
2281:Parga Castle
2245:
2206:Leros Castle
2076:Assos Castle
1790:
1427:Thessaloniki
1396:Anna Komnene
1361:
1287:John Angelos
1162:Nikephoros I
1147:Justinian II
795:
769:
695:
680:. Retrieved
676:the original
666:
648:
637:
628:
620:
615:
501:
470:
466:Turkish bath
438:
435:Architecture
430:
419:
412:
405:
393:
374:
339:
312:
303:
288:
227:North Aegean
214:
210:
208:
199:hewn stone (
181:Site history
163:Open to
48:North Aegean
28:
2156:Heptapyrgio
2056:Arta Castle
2021:Acronauplia
2016:Acrocorinth
1891:Mount Athos
1811:Acrocorinth
1307:Simeon Uroš
1197:Leo Gabalas
1192:Leo Sgouros
1137:Justinian I
946:Bay of Gera
905:Palaiochori
808:Yeni Mosque
803:Çarşı Hamam
477:Palaiologoi
279:Palaiologoi
231:Justinian I
122: /
98:Coordinates
2377:Categories
2316:Rio Castle
2221:Monemvasia
2116:Exomvourgo
2111:Eleutherae
2096:Chlemoutsi
1901:Monemvasia
1792:Hexabiblos
1362:Historians
1100:Sclaviniae
885:Mantamados
798:(Mytilene)
775:Fikiotripa
689:(in Greek)
682:2014-07-14
608:References
385:Bayezid II
327:Thucydides
110:26°33′43″E
107:39°06′43″N
2361:See also:
2151:Glarentza
1804:Monuments
1142:Heraclius
473:Gattilusi
350:Vespasian
331:Acropolis
319:Aristotle
315:acropolis
283:Gattilusi
261:Geography
243:acropolis
196:Materials
173:Condition
2291:Palamidi
2166:Izzeddin
1658:Palamism
1498:Thessaly
1462:Ioannina
1177:Basil II
1157:Danielis
1116:Tsakonia
1109:Ezeritai
1105:Melingoi
895:Mithymna
848:Villages
817:Religion
747:Mytilene
655:Archived
586:See also
544:Interior
497:Ottomans
475:and the
462:Ottomans
455:Ottomans
370:Mytilene
366:Plutarch
291:Mytilene
219:Mytilene
2216:Mystras
1906:Mystras
1886:Meteora
1820:Athens
1712:Culture
1509:History
1442:Mystras
1437:Corinth
1167:Basil I
915:Plomari
880:Kalloni
870:Chidira
865:Agiasos
507:Gallery
493:Cistern
415:madrasa
354:Hadrian
335:Demeter
299:Trireme
247:Demeter
213:, also
142:citadel
139:hilltop
1452:Thebes
1447:Patras
1432:Athens
1130:People
975:Events
966:Vatera
939:Nature
925:Thermi
875:Eresos
739:Lesbos
489:imaret
362:Pompey
346:Pompey
323:Apollo
255:Cybele
223:Lesbos
201:ashlar
44:Lesbos
2321:Rogoi
1050:Crete
930:Vrisa
920:Sigri
910:Petra
890:Messa
568:Walls
485:Tekke
295:Homer
153:Owner
1749:Suda
1457:Arta
1107:and
289:The
253:and
251:Kore
209:The
176:ruin
135:Type
168:Yes
2379::
1364::
257:.
249:,
225:,
46:,
1990:e
1983:t
1976:v
1725:)
1721:(
1660:)
1656:(
1016:e
1009:t
1002:v
957:)
953:(
901:)
897:(
730:e
723:t
716:v
685:.
457:.
203:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
