693:
921:
565:
865:
880:
451:
786:
609:
954:
64:
92:
2551:
856:
714:
76:
2974:
991:
494:. This account further mentions that Malta remained almost uninhabited until it was resettled in around 1048 or 1049 by a Muslim community and their slaves, who built a settlement called Medina on the site of Melite. Archaeological evidence suggests that the city was already a thriving Muslim settlement by the beginning of the 11th century, so 1048–49 might be the date when the city was officially founded and its walls were constructed. The Byzantines
662:
2631:
99:
710:
Bastion was built at the centre of the land front. Despite these modifications, by 1658 there were also proposals to abandon or demolish the entire fortress due to its state of disrepair, although these plans were opposed by the locals. In the late 17th century, some of Mdina's medieval double walls began to be encased in sloping ramparts.
600:. Most of the northern and eastern walls date back to the medieval period, although some sections were rebuilt by the Hospitallers. The northern ramparts contain a medieval wall tower, while the remains of Byzantine antemurals and the foundations of a late 15th-century artillery platform have been found in the eastern walls.
1027:
The northern walls of Mdina still retain their medieval form with a few
Hospitaller modifications, and they contain the only surviving tower in the city walls. St. Mary's Bastion or Ta' Bachar Bastion, which was built in the 16th century, is grafted on the northwest corner of the city. This is linked
961:
The present configuration of Mdina's fortifications consists of an irregular perimeter of curtain walls stiffened by a number of bastions. The northern, western and eastern walls are built on the perimeter of the natural plateau, so they were difficult to attack. The southern perimeter of the city is
916:
In 2011, steel rods were inserted into D'Homedes
Bastion in order to prevent the walls from slipping down the clay slopes. The ditch was inaugurated as a public garden in March 2013. All ERDF-financed work was completed in late 2013, but the Restoration Directorate later restored other parts of the
709:
drew up plans to reduce Mdina's size by half and turning it into a fortress, but these were never implemented due to protests by the city's nobles. The city's main gate was reconstructed in the early 17th century, but the next major alterations were not made until the 1650s, when the large De Redin
575:
By 1474, cannons had been introduced in Mdina. Other extensive preparations for an attack were made in the 1480s, when the fortifications were once again improved under the direction of
Sicilian military engineers. At this point, some buildings in Rabat were demolished to clear the fortifications'
470:
was built within the city, reducing it to its present size. This was done to make the city's perimeter more easily defensible, and similar reductions in city sizes were common around the
Mediterranean region in the early Middle Ages. Although it was traditionally assumed that the retrenchment was
685:. The fort was taken over after a month of heavy fighting, but the Ottomans had lost crucial time in doing so. On 7 August, the Order's cavalry in Mdina attacked the unprotected Ottoman field hospital, which led in the invaders abandoning a major assault on the main fortifications in Birgu and
819:
Mdina's fortifications remained in use during the
British period, and some minor alterations such as the installation of gun emplacements were made in the 19th century. By the end of the century, the city was regarded as forming part of the defensive system of the
933:(artillery platform). In 2010, remains of foundations of the Punic-Roman walls were found when excavations were made along the Magazine Curtain. A late 14th-century stone block bearing the coat of arms of Guglielmo Murina, possibly originating from the
587:
Most of the medieval walls of Mdina were gradually dismantled between the 1530s and 1720s, when the city's fortifications were being upgraded by the
Hospitallers. One of the most significant visible remnants of the medieval fortifications is the
962:
built on level ground, along what is now the border with Rabat. It was the only realistic direction to assault the city, and was hence known as the Mdina Land Front. The southern perimeter contains an arrowhead-shaped bastion with rectangular
765:
curtain wall known as
Magazine Curtain. D'Homedes Bastion was modified with the addition of a bastionette, while traverse-like batteries were built at the extremities of the land front. The city was further protected with the construction of
692:
654:, the only instance this style is found in Malta. The 15th-century barbican in front of the main gate was demolished in 1551 since it obstructed the line of fire of the newly built bastions. That year, the city withstood a
696:
The plan on the left shows the proposal to reduce Mdina's size by half, with the proposal being overlaid on a plan of the city's existing fortifications. The plan on the right shows a similar proposal to modernize Gozo's
438:, were found near the Magazine Curtain in the western part of Mdina. The only other remains of the ancient walls are Punic-Roman masonry blocks which were reused in the medieval period. These include a wall around
928:
Throughout the course of the restoration, a number of archaeological discoveries were made. Excavations along the eastern part of the city walls unearthed
Byzantine antemurals and the base of a late 15th-century
909:. In the case of Mdina, the main focus was to consolidate the terrain, since the city is built on a blue clay plateau which is prone to subsidence. The multimillion-euro restoration was partially financed by the
1557:
596:, which still retains its medieval form apart from the outer portal which was built in the 18th century. Parts of the double walls, including the remains of two gun loops, still stand between the gate and the
1463:
1530:
556:
was built near Mdina's main entrance sometime after 1448. In the 1450s there were fears of a
Barbary or Ottoman attack, so efforts were made to improve Mdina's walls. The main ditch was completed, and the
3021:
689:. The Ottomans tried to take over the city in September so as to winter there, but abandoned their plans when Mdina fired its cannon, leading them to believe that the city had ammunition to spare.
2326:
2751:
1697:
1255:
1976:
1952:
2024:
1869:
2765:
827:
In the 1890s, the battery near St. Peter
Bastion was demolished and a gateway was opened within the Magazine Curtain. This was done in order to facilitate access to the newly built
1927:
2737:
1144:
1020:
enciente built in the mid-16th century, although parts of the walls date back to the medieval period. The pentagonal Despuig Bastion, built in the 1740s during the magistracy
517:, being dominated by a succession of feudal lords. The fortifications of Mdina were rebuilt and modified a number of times over the following centuries. A castle known as the
2832:
2000:
2048:
2479:
677:
of 1565, but it nonetheless played a crucial role in the siege. Ottoman general Mustafa Pasha wanted to take over the poorly defended city first, but was overruled by
2512:
2252:
2224:
2196:
2168:
2140:
2112:
2084:
1840:
1724:
1669:
1641:
1613:
1582:
1490:
1415:
1382:
1349:
1540:
1473:
897:
The first plans to undertake a major restoration of Mdina's walls were made in 2006, as part of a project that also included restoration of the fortifications of
1324:
2851:
1791:
1218:
2790:
808:. A French garrison remained in the city, but a Maltese uprising broke out on 2 September of that year. The following day, rebels entered the city through a
1032:
curtain wall built in the 1720s in the western part of the city. A small gate built by the British in the 19th century is located within this curtain wall.
2908:
1893:
2337:
422:
in modern Rabat, about 5 m (16 ft) below the current street level. Parts of the ditch have survived under present-day St. Rita Street and the
1814:"Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939"
1010:
are located just within the city walls. The land front is surrounded by a deep ditch, and a traverse-like battery is located in its eastern extremity.
2818:
2869:
1265:
3046:
1707:
1986:
917:
fortifications, including the northern walls, St. Peter Bastion and the area around Greeks Gate. The project was fully completed in early 2016.
122:
797:. The only major addition to the Mdina fortifications after Mondion's reconstruction was Despuig Bastion, which was built during the reign of
525:
was built on the southeast corner of the city near the main entrance, probably on the site of an earlier Byzantine fort. The city withstood a
1962:
2034:
1879:
1152:
793:
Mondion also made further plans to strengthen Mdina's fortifications, but they were not implemented since the Order focused on building its
3011:
2797:
1937:
1217:
Dalli, Charles (2005). "The Siculo-African Peace and Roger I's Annexation of Malta in 1091". In Cortis, Toni; Gambin, Timothy (eds.).
2843:
2744:
2456:
1565:
1818:
2010:
2612:
536:
By the 15th century, most of Mdina's enciente had a system of double walls. The land front was flanked by four towers, one near
17:
2058:
3016:
986:– built between the 1540s and 1551 during the magistracy of Juan de Homedes y Coscon It is further defended by a bastionette.
418:
Very little remains of the Punic-Roman walls of Melite still survive. The remains of a city gate or tower were discovered in
2494:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
1077:
1006:, are located within the curtain walls of the land front. Remains of the medieval double walls as well as the 18th-century
938:
2263:
2235:
2207:
2179:
2151:
2123:
2095:
1851:
1735:
1680:
1652:
1624:
1593:
1501:
1426:
1393:
1360:
411:. Melite's walls had a thickness of around 5 m (16 ft) and were surrounded by a 700 m (2,300 ft)-long
625:
423:
2517:
910:
2605:
1813:
2445:
2424:
2403:
2315:
2294:
1332:
1231:
1799:
1237:
561:
was partially demolished by royal licence in 1453, due to its ruinous state and the excessive cost for its upkeep.
463:
407:. The Punic-Roman city was about three times the size of present-day Mdina, extending into a large part of modern
2584:
2539:
643:. Two new bastions were built at the extremities of the land front, possibly to designs of the military engineer
1905:
2382:
913:. Works began in early 2008 by the Restoration Unit. The process of restoration was documented by Dr. Spiteri.
813:
279:
257:
794:
726:
2783:
2716:
495:
362:, and they are among the best preserved fortifications in Malta. Mdina has been on Malta's tentative list of
230:
3006:
2730:
593:
730:
725:
A major restoration of Mdina's fortifications was undertaken in the 1720s by the French military engineer
395:
colonized Malta in around the 8th century BC, and they founded the city of Maleth on this plateau. It was
2758:
937:, was discovered in 2012 during the restoration of D'Homedes Bastion. This block is now displayed at the
924:
A 14th-century limestone block bearing a coat of arms, which was discovered at D'Homedes Bastion in 2012
2922:
2723:
655:
632:
and Mdina lost its status as capital city, but L'Isle-Adam built a palace on the remaining part of the
243:
91:
624:
took over in Malta in 1530, the nobles ceremoniously handed over the keys of the city to Grand Master
2664:
396:
2361:
2591:
971:
970:
St. Peter Bastion, also known as Greeks Gate Bastion – built in the 1550s during the magistracy of
805:
640:
506:
383:
The city of Mdina occupies the tip of a plateau located on high ground in the northern part of the
347:
in the medieval period until the 15th century. Most of the extant fortifications were built by the
252:
234:
639:
The first major upgrade of Mdina's fortifications occurred in the 1540s, during the magistracy of
358:
in 870 and then by Maltese rebels in 1798. Today, the city walls are still intact except for some
2887:
920:
476:
467:
2915:
442:, and some stones which were discovered in excavations at Inguanez Street and the Xara Palace.
2435:
2305:
812:
in Despuig Bastion and massacred the garrison of 65 men. These events marked the beginning of
636:, which became the meeting place of the civil administrative council known as the Università.
2698:
2598:
2577:
2570:
2414:
2348:
1702:
1468:
1049:
1007:
754:
597:
526:
483:
431:
412:
404:
378:
333:
239:
226:
2393:
2951:
864:
746:
674:
666:
613:
247:
2630:
2467:
879:
490:, who massacred its inhabitants and "demolished its fortress" according to the chronicler
8:
2825:
2547:
2532:
644:
621:
576:
line of fire. By 1522, the fortifications were being modernized with the construction of
564:
366:
348:
336:. The ancient city was surrounded by walls, but very few remains of these have survived.
206:
172:
804:
On 10 June 1798, Mdina was captured by French forces without much resistance during the
2944:
891:
761:, while the entire western walls of the city were demolished to make way for a single
2441:
2420:
2399:
2378:
2311:
2290:
1227:
906:
835:
698:
514:
502:
344:
354:
The city has withstood a number of sieges, and it was defeated twice – first by the
2901:
2804:
1016:
650:
510:
472:
340:
305:
873:
De Redin Bastion before and after restoration (photos taken from different angles)
831:
located nearby. The fortifications were included on the Antiquities List of 1925.
387:, far away from the sea. The site has been inhabited since prehistory, and by the
2894:
2839:
977:
738:
706:
682:
450:
1085:
785:
608:
3001:
2978:
2811:
2525:
2029:
2005:
1981:
1957:
1932:
1874:
1535:
1260:
821:
530:
426:. The lower foundations of some Punic-Roman ramparts, consisting of rusticated
400:
384:
313:
157:
2457:"The 'Castellu di la Chitati' the medieval castle of the walled town of Mdina"
2995:
2619:
1021:
828:
798:
775:
324:
from antiquity to the medieval period. The city was founded as Maleth by the
137:
124:
491:
471:
built by the Arabs, it has been suggested that it was actually built by the
343:
in around the 8th century AD, the Arabs in around the 11th century, and the
2656:
1823:
1053:
953:
839:
713:
408:
329:
75:
63:
855:
753:. The remaining medieval towers in the land front were demolished and the
2691:
2053:
1003:
883:
750:
678:
589:
537:
455:
439:
580:. However, the walls were still regarded as obsolete, since they lacked
2684:
1416:"Stretch of ramparts from D'Homedes Bastion to Despuig Bastion – Mdina"
999:
990:
809:
742:
718:
388:
1898:
Arx – International Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification
2327:"Malta 870–1054 Al-Himyari's Account and its Linguistic Implications"
1383:"Stretch of ramparts from St Mary Bastion to Despuig Bastion – Mdina"
1024:, is grafted below the walls on the northeastern corner of the city.
771:
577:
392:
355:
325:
216:
1464:"The Mdina siege of 1429 was 'greater than the Great Siege' of 1565"
2333:
1029:
942:
898:
894:
and Mario Farrugia while they were surveying the bastions in 2002.
762:
661:
553:
487:
419:
3022:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2513:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2260:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2232:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2204:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2176:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2148:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2120:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
2092:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1848:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1732:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1677:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1649:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1621:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1590:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1498:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1423:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1390:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
1357:
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands
966:
on each extremity, with a large pentagonal bastion in the centre:
816:, which ended in 1800 with Malta becoming a British protectorate.
1531:"Survey of Mdina land defences uncovers surviving mediaeval wall"
963:
890:
Sections of the medieval walls of Mdina were rediscovered by Dr.
838:
galleries in Mdina's ditch were used as air raid shelters during
767:
686:
581:
359:
391:
it was a place of refuge since it was naturally defensible. The
339:
The city walls were rebuilt a number of times, including by the
2464:
Arx – Online Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification
976:
De Redin Bastion – built in the 1650s during the magistracy of
779:
569:
427:
363:
328:
in around the 8th century BC, and it later became part of the
205:
Several builders, most of the present walls were built by the
2555:
2550:
2374:
902:
733:. L'Isle-Adam's palace, including the remaining parts of the
629:
321:
317:
54:
50:
2484:
at Mdina? – Gunpowder fortifications in Late Medieval Malta"
789:
Map of Mdina's fortifications with Mondion's modifications
509:
in 1091, and Malta was subsequently incorporated into the
982:
D'Homedes Bastion, also known as St. Paul Bastion or the
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
584:
and could not resist bombardment from modern artillery.
1226:. Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG) Ltd. p. 273.
612:
Map of Mdina's fortifications as they were during the
458:, one of the few visible remains of the medieval walls
1448:
1220:
De Triremibus: Festschrift in honour of Joseph Muscat
1028:
to St. Peter Bastion by the Magazine Curtain, a long
1013:
Most of the eastern walls of the city consist of an
1145:"Remains of Punic Rampart Wall Discovered at Mdina"
1524:
1522:
2993:
498:in 1053–54, but were repelled by its defenders.
2395:The Maltese Cross: A Strategic History of Malta
1977:"Steel rods come to St Paul's bastions' rescue"
1519:
647:. Parts of the eastern walls were also rebuilt
540:, another at the centre of the land front, the
80:Map of Mdina's fortifications as they are today
1608:
1606:
1256:"575th anniversary of the 1429 Siege of Malta"
749:style. A Baroque portal was also added to the
741:, while the main gate was walled up and a new
2533:
2025:"Mdina's Greeks' Gate, two bastions restored"
1698:"Fortification building spree left Mdina out"
1279:
1277:
1275:
994:19th-century gate within the Magazine Curtain
2454:
2049:"Mdina bastions restoration works completed"
1953:"More money for Mdina bastions' restoration"
1894:"Malta restores her historic fortifications"
1786:
1784:
1775:
1298:
1283:
1168:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1603:
1577:
1575:
1558:"Medieval Coat of Arms discovered at Mdina"
1344:
1342:
1294:
1292:
1164:
1162:
1124:
1122:
705:After the siege, Maltese military engineer
673:Mdina was not attacked directly during the
68:Aerial view of Mdina and its fortifications
2540:
2526:
1719:
1717:
1614:"Bastionette of D'Homedes Bastion – Mdina"
1485:
1483:
1272:
1870:"Restoration of forts and fortifications"
1781:
1552:
1550:
1092:
2391:
1928:"Restoration of Mdina bastions underway"
1835:
1833:
1819:Malta Environment and Planning Authority
1751:
1572:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1339:
1289:
1159:
1119:
989:
952:
919:
878:
784:
712:
691:
660:
607:
563:
449:
2477:
2412:
2324:
2071:
1763:
1714:
1480:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1322:
1310:
1204:
1180:
1139:
1137:
552:at the southeast corner of the city. A
14:
3047:18th Century military history of Malta
2994:
2433:
2368:
2284:
1867:
1547:
1253:
1192:
1128:
1113:
2521:
1950:
1830:
1461:
1370:
1216:
351:between the 16th and 18th centuries.
2336:: Said International. Archived from
2303:
1528:
1442:
1403:
1134:
939:Fortifications Interpretation Centre
603:
475:in around the 8th century, when the
372:
3012:Hospitaller fortifications in Malta
2307:The Rough Guide to Malta & Gozo
1323:Spiteri, Stephen C. (25 May 2010).
721:and the walled-up medieval entrance
24:
2844:National Museum of Natural History
2629:
1936:. 18 February 2008. Archived from
1350:"Medieval land front wall – Mdina"
1254:Cauchi, Mark (12 September 2004).
911:European Regional Development Fund
795:fortifications in the harbour area
737:, were demolished to make way for
25:
3058:
2506:
2455:Spiteri, Stephen C. (2004–2007).
2225:"Traverse of Faussebraye – Mdina"
1985:. 6 February 2011. Archived from
1904:: 4–13. July 2011. Archived from
1868:Zammit, Ninu (12 December 2006).
1670:"Revetment of the Glacis – Mdina"
1564:. 27 January 2012. Archived from
845:
548:) near the main entrance and the
501:Medina surrendered peacefully to
445:
2973:
2972:
2549:
2392:Castillo, Dennis Angelo (2006).
863:
854:
814:a two-year uprising and blockade
626:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
464:fall of the Western Roman Empire
97:
90:
74:
62:
2745:St Peter's Church and Monastery
2277:
2245:
2217:
2197:"Torre dello Standardo – Mdina"
2189:
2161:
2133:
2105:
2077:
2065:
2041:
2017:
2001:"Mdina ditch project completed"
1993:
1969:
1944:
1920:
1886:
1861:
1806:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1706:. 30 March 2014. Archived from
1690:
1662:
1634:
1436:
1316:
1304:
1247:
1210:
1198:
27:Defensive walls in Mdina, Malta
2440:. Cambridge University Press.
2419:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2398:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2262:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2234:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2206:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2178:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2150:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2122:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2094:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
2057:. 5 April 2016. Archived from
2033:. 5 April 2016. Archived from
2009:. 6 March 2013. Archived from
1850:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1798:. 9 April 2013. Archived from
1792:"Mdina and Rabat (City Guide)"
1734:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1679:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1651:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1623:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1592:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1500:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1425:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1392:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1359:. 28 June 2013. Archived from
1186:
1174:
1107:
1070:
1042:
886:undergoing restoration in 2015
280:Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon
13:
1:
1529:Cini, George (25 June 2002).
1063:
998:The two gates into the city,
757:was built on the site of the
403:in 218 BC, becoming known as
320:, the former capital city of
98:
3017:Limestone buildings in Malta
2478:Spiteri, Stephen C. (2009).
1951:Ameen, Juan (10 June 2009).
1462:Grima, Noel (15 June 2015).
1151:. 5 May 2010. Archived from
462:At some point following the
7:
3042:18th-century fortifications
3037:17th-century fortifications
3032:16th-century fortifications
3027:15th-century fortifications
2606:Great Siege of Malta (1565)
2585:Siege of Medina (1053–1054)
2491:Proceedings of History Week
2416:Malta, Mediterranean Bridge
2325:Brincat, Joseph M. (1995).
2113:"D'Homedes Bastion – Mdina"
729:, during the magistracy of
727:Charles François de Mondion
10:
3063:
2371:A Concise History of Malta
2304:Borg, Victor Paul (2002).
2085:"St Peter Bastion – Mdina"
1583:"Magazine Curtain – Mdina"
1491:"De Redin Bastion – Mdina"
376:
2966:† Destroyed or demolished
2961:
2936:
2879:
2861:
2775:
2752:St Peter in Chains Church
2708:
2674:
2648:
2641:
2627:
2562:
2285:Blouet, Brian W. (2007).
2253:"St Mary Bastion – Mdina"
1725:"Despuig Bastion – Mdina"
948:
731:António Manoel de Vilhena
268:
263:
231:Siege of Medina (1053–54)
222:
212:
201:
193:
188:
180:
168:
163:
153:
116:
85:
73:
61:
48:
39:
34:
2437:The Archaeology of Malta
2434:Sagona, Claudia (2015).
2413:Goodwin, Stefan (2002).
1562:MilitaryArchitecture.com
1329:MilitaryArchitecture.com
1149:MilitaryArchitecture.com
1035:
972:Juan de Homedes y Coscon
806:French invasion of Malta
669:with Mdina at the bottom
641:Juan de Homedes y Coscon
253:French invasion of Malta
235:Norman invasion of Malta
2613:Maltese uprising (1798)
2377:: Mireva Publications.
2369:Cassar, Carmel (2000).
2289:. Allied Publications.
1078:"Mdina (Città Vecchia)"
801:between 1739 and 1746.
628:. The Order settled in
302:fortifications of Mdina
258:Maltese uprising (1798)
138:35.884556°N 14.402389°E
35:Fortifications of Mdina
2916:Mdina Cathedral Museum
2635:
2592:Norman invasion (1091)
2356:Cite journal requires
995:
958:
935:Castellu di la Chitati
925:
887:
790:
735:Castellu di la Chitati
722:
702:
670:
634:Castellu di la Chitati
617:
572:
559:Castellu di la Chitati
519:Castellu di la Chitati
459:
309:
176:Various private owners
18:Castellu di la Chitati
2699:Torre dello Standardo
2634:Coat of arms of Mdina
2633:
2599:Siege of Malta (1429)
2578:Siege of Melite (870)
2466:(1–4). Archived from
2169:"Greeks Gate – Mdina"
1703:The Malta Independent
1469:The Malta Independent
1052:extended into modern
1048:The walls of ancient
1008:Torre dello Standardo
993:
984:belguardo del Palacio
956:
923:
882:
788:
755:Torre dello Standardo
716:
695:
681:who wanted to attack
664:
611:
598:Torre dello Standardo
567:
477:threat from the Arabs
453:
379:Melite (ancient city)
240:Siege of Malta (1429)
227:Siege of Melite (870)
2952:Mdina Knights Futsal
2833:Palazzo Testaferrata
2473:on 15 November 2015.
1155:on 30 December 2014.
675:Great Siege of Malta
667:Great Siege of Malta
656:brief Ottoman attack
614:Great Siege of Malta
592:and the surrounding
546:Turri di la bandiera
454:The inner portal of
367:World Heritage Sites
264:Garrison information
248:Great Siege of Malta
143:35.884556; 14.402389
3007:City walls in Malta
2826:Palazzo Santa Sofia
2791:Casa del Magistrato
2784:Archbishop's Palace
2738:St Nicholas' Church
2724:Annunciation Church
2717:St Paul's Cathedral
2241:on 24 January 2016.
2141:"Main Gate – Mdina"
1857:on 24 January 2016.
1686:on 24 January 2016.
1658:on 24 January 2016.
1642:"Covertway – Mdina"
1630:on 24 January 2016.
1432:on 24 January 2016.
1399:on 24 January 2016.
1366:on 24 January 2016.
645:Antonio Ferramolino
622:Order of Saint John
568:Mdina as seen from
482:In 870, Melite was
349:Order of Saint John
207:Order of Saint John
173:Government of Malta
134: /
2945:Mdina Knights F.C.
2776:Houses and palaces
2731:St Agatha's Chapel
2636:
2287:The Story of Malta
1476:on 15 August 2015.
996:
959:
926:
892:Stephen C. Spiteri
888:
791:
723:
703:
671:
618:
573:
550:Turri di la Camera
533:invaders in 1429.
460:
424:Church of St. Paul
312:) are a series of
310:Is-Swar tal-Imdina
274:Amros (Ambrosios)
42:Is-Swar tal-Imdina
2989:
2988:
2932:
2931:
2923:List of monuments
2766:Visitation Chapel
2759:St Roque's Church
2500:on 14 April 2016.
2061:on 24 April 2016.
2013:on 21 April 2014.
1965:on 19 March 2016.
1940:on 14 April 2016.
1826:on 19 April 2016.
1776:Spiteri 2004–2007
1599:on 14 April 2016.
1543:on 17 April 2016.
1335:on 17 March 2011.
1299:Spiteri 2004–2007
1284:Spiteri 2004–2007
1169:Spiteri 2004–2007
1102:Spiteri 2004–2007
1088:on 26 March 2016.
957:D'Homedes Bastion
745:was built in the
717:The 18th-century
604:Hospitaller walls
515:Kingdom of Sicily
503:Roger I of Sicily
373:Punic-Roman walls
345:Kingdom of Sicily
298:
297:
294:
289:
284:
277:
16:(Redirected from
3054:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2954:
2947:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2902:Corte Capitanale
2897:
2890:
2872:
2854:
2847:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2805:Palazzo Costanzo
2800:
2793:
2786:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2667:
2665:Temple of Apollo
2659:
2646:
2645:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2554:
2553:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2501:
2499:
2493:. Archived from
2488:
2482:Cubete Artillero
2474:
2472:
2461:
2451:
2430:
2409:
2388:
2365:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2344:
2343:on 4 March 2016.
2342:
2331:
2321:
2310:. Rough Guides.
2300:
2271:
2270:
2269:on 13 July 2015.
2268:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2185:on 3 March 2016.
2184:
2173:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2157:on 4 March 2016.
2156:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2129:on 13 July 2015.
2128:
2117:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2101:on 13 July 2015.
2100:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2037:on 5 April 2016.
2021:
2015:
2014:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1989:on 4 March 2016.
1973:
1967:
1966:
1961:. Archived from
1948:
1942:
1941:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1908:on 30 April 2017
1890:
1884:
1883:
1882:on 3 March 2016.
1878:. Archived from
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1822:. Archived from
1810:
1804:
1803:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1741:on 13 July 2015.
1740:
1729:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1710:on 4 March 2016.
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1618:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1539:. Archived from
1526:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1495:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1472:. Archived from
1459:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1420:
1412:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1387:
1379:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1354:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1331:. Archived from
1325:"Porta Grecorum"
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1270:
1269:
1268:on 3 March 2016.
1264:. Archived from
1251:
1245:
1244:
1243:on 17 July 2014.
1242:
1236:. Archived from
1225:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1116:, pp. 53–54
1111:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1084:. Archived from
1074:
1057:
1046:
931:cubete artillero
867:
858:
665:Painting of the
473:Byzantine Empire
341:Byzantine Empire
292:
287:
286:Pietro Mesquita
282:
275:
164:Site information
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
139:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
101:
100:
94:
78:
66:
57:
32:
31:
21:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3051:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2909:Herald's Loggia
2907:
2900:
2895:Casino Notabile
2893:
2888:Banca Giuratale
2886:
2875:
2868:
2857:
2850:
2840:Palazzo Vilhena
2838:
2831:
2824:
2819:Palazzo Ferriol
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2670:
2662:
2655:
2637:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2486:
2470:
2459:
2448:
2427:
2406:
2385:
2357:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2329:
2318:
2297:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2213:on 5 July 2015.
2210:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2023:
2022:
2018:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1949:
1945:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1843:
1841:"Ditch – Mdina"
1839:
1838:
1831:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1802:on 27 May 2014.
1796:idotravelto.com
1790:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1568:on 27 May 2024.
1556:
1555:
1548:
1527:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1507:on 14 July 2015
1504:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1460:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1396:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1363:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1234:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1047:
1043:
1038:
978:Martin de Redin
951:
877:
876:
875:
874:
870:
869:
868:
860:
859:
848:
829:railway station
739:Palazzo Vilhena
707:Girolamo Cassar
683:Fort Saint Elmo
606:
544:(also known as
523:castrum civitas
496:besieged Medina
448:
385:island of Malta
381:
375:
332:under the name
316:which surround
314:defensive walls
290:
285:
278:
270:
256:
251:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
175:
142:
140:
136:
133:
128:
125:
123:
121:
120:
112:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
102:
81:
69:
49:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3060:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2870:Howard Gardens
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2812:Palazzo Falson
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2678:
2676:Fortifications
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2571:Ancient Melite
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2507:External links
2505:
2503:
2502:
2475:
2452:
2446:
2431:
2425:
2410:
2404:
2389:
2383:
2366:
2358:|journal=
2322:
2316:
2301:
2295:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2244:
2216:
2188:
2160:
2132:
2104:
2076:
2064:
2040:
2030:Times of Malta
2016:
2006:Times of Malta
1992:
1982:Times of Malta
1968:
1958:Times of Malta
1943:
1933:Times of Malta
1919:
1885:
1875:Times of Malta
1860:
1829:
1805:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1713:
1689:
1661:
1633:
1602:
1571:
1546:
1536:Times of Malta
1518:
1479:
1447:
1435:
1402:
1369:
1338:
1315:
1303:
1288:
1286:, pp. 6–7
1271:
1261:Times of Malta
1246:
1232:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1158:
1133:
1118:
1106:
1104:, pp. 3–4
1091:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1034:
988:
987:
980:
974:
950:
947:
872:
871:
862:
861:
853:
852:
851:
850:
849:
847:
846:Recent history
844:
822:Victoria Lines
776:places-of-arms
770:, including a
605:
602:
513:and later the
447:
446:Medieval walls
444:
401:Roman Republic
377:Main article:
374:
371:
296:
295:
272:
266:
265:
261:
260:
244:Attack of 1551
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
203:
199:
198:
197:Antiquity–1746
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
118:
114:
113:
104:
103:
96:
95:
89:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3059:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2981:
2980:
2979:Main category
2969:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2853:
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2841:
2837:
2834:
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2827:
2823:
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2673:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2621:
2620:Malta Railway
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
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2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
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2552:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2447:9781107006690
2443:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2426:9780897898201
2422:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2405:9780313323294
2401:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2350:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2317:9781858286808
2313:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2296:9789990930818
2292:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2192:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2074:, p. 156
2073:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1864:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1754:, p. 103
1753:
1752:Castillo 2006
1748:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1551:
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369:since 1998.
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330:Roman Empire
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223:Battles/wars
189:Site history
41:
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2692:Greeks Gate
2054:Malta Today
1301:, p. 9
1193:Blouet 2007
1129:Sagona 2015
1114:Cassar 2000
1017:crémaillère
1004:Greeks Gate
884:Greeks Gate
836:countermine
751:Greeks Gate
679:Piali Pasha
651:crémaillère
590:Greeks Gate
538:Greeks Gate
507:short siege
479:increased.
456:Greeks Gate
440:Greeks Gate
434:high still
393:Phoenicians
326:Phoenicians
141: /
129:14°24′8.6″E
126:35°53′4.4″N
117:Coordinates
2996:Categories
2798:Casa Mdina
2685:Mdina Gate
2384:1870579526
1064:References
1000:Mdina Gate
907:Cittadella
810:sally port
719:Mdina Gate
699:Cittadella
578:embrasures
492:Al-Himyarī
397:taken over
389:Bronze Age
271:commanders
1912:16 August
1443:Borg 2002
1030:casemated
772:covertway
763:casemated
743:city gate
620:When the
488:Aghlabids
356:Aghlabids
217:Limestone
213:Materials
181:Condition
158:City wall
2709:Churches
2334:Valletta
964:orillons
943:Valletta
905:and the
899:Valletta
768:outworks
582:bastions
554:barbican
505:after a
484:captured
420:Saqqajja
360:outworks
2862:Gardens
2649:Ancient
2563:History
1511:13 July
747:Baroque
687:Senglea
616:in 1565
521:or the
486:by the
436:in situ
432:courses
399:by the
306:Maltese
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1082:UNESCO
1050:Melite
949:Layout
780:glacis
778:and a
774:, two
570:Mtarfa
531:Hafsid
511:County
428:ashlar
405:Melite
364:UNESCO
334:Melite
293:(1798)
288:(1565)
283:(1551)
255:(1798)
250:(1565)
237:(1091)
184:Intact
3002:Mdina
2937:Sport
2880:Other
2556:Mdina
2498:(PDF)
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1054:Rabat
1036:Notes
903:Birgu
630:Birgu
527:siege
413:ditch
409:Rabat
322:Malta
318:Mdina
276:(870)
194:Built
169:Owner
105:Mdina
55:Malta
51:Mdina
2442:ISBN
2421:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2362:help
2312:ISBN
2291:ISBN
1914:2015
1513:2015
1228:ISBN
1002:and
466:, a
300:The
269:Past
154:Type
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