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421:) and varying types of beetles, due to the scents produced by the plant. Fly pollinators are typically attracted to pale, dull plants or those with translucent patches. Additionally, these plants produce pollen, do not have present nectar guides and flowers resemble a funnel or complex trap. The host plant can sometimes trap the pollinator during the pollination/feeding process.
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Both visual interactions and odor are important attractants for pollinators. In order for pollination to occur, a relationship of attraction and reward must be present between the flower and the pollinator. The pollinator's body mechanically promotes pollen adherence, which is necessary for effective
269:
are also called "carrion flowers". They are small, spineless, cactus-like succulent plants. Most species are native to South Africa, and are grown as potted plants elsewhere. The flowers of all species are hairy to varying degrees and generate the odor of rotten flesh. The color of the flowers also
409:
pollen dispersal. The recognizable scent of the carrion flowers is produced in the petals of both male and female flowers and the pollen reward attracts beetles and flies. Popular pollinators of carrion flowers are blowflies (
69:
flesh. Apart from the scent, carrion flowers often display additional characteristics that contribute to the mimesis of a decaying corpse. These include their specific coloration (red, purple, brown), the presence of
329:
produce strongly scented flowers. The flowers produce various odors resembling sap, urine, blood, dung, carrion, and, in some species, fragrant fruity aromas. Most are fly-pollinated, and attract hordes of flies.
348:
in bloom have been likened to smelling like a herd of dead elephants. Their overpowering floral odors are sometimes described as making it difficult to walk into a greenhouse in which they in bloom.
137:
that resembles a single giant petal. This plant has a mechanism to heat up the spadix enhancing the emission of the strong odor of decaying meat to attract its pollinators,
943:"Pollination of the "carrion flowers" of an African stapeliad (Ceropegia mixta: Apocynaceae): the importance of visual and scent traits for the attraction of flies"
356:
The sources of the flowers' unique scent are not fully identified, partly due to the extremely low concentration of the compounds (5 to 10
303:
are known as carrion flowers. These plants have a cluster of small greenish flowers. The most familiar member of this groups is
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du
Plessis, Marc; Johnson, Steven D.; Nicolson, Susan W.; Bruyns, Peter V.; Shuttleworth, Adam (2018-03-01).
274:. This attracts scavenging flies, for pollination. The flowers in some species can be very large, notably
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129:. Rather than a single flower, the titan arum presents an inflorescence or compound flower composed of a
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vine, which grows only in primary rainforests. It has no visible leaves, roots, or stem. It does not
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or stalk of small and anatomically reduced male and female flowers, surrounded by a
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is the cause of the "rotten fish smell" towards the end of the flower's life.
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990:"Reproductive Biology of the Carrion-Flower, Smilax Herbacea (Smilacaceae)"
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78:-like flower architecture. Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging
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19:"Carrion Flowers" redirects here. For the song by Chelsea Wolfe, see
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119:) are known as carrion flowers. One such plant is the Titan arum (
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396:(smells of sweat) also contribute to the smell of the flower.
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temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen.
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917:"The Smelly Chemistry of the Titan Arum 'Corpse Flower'"
149:). It was first described scientifically in 1878 in
1112:Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications
309:. These plants are sometimes placed in the genus
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280:can reach 30 cm (12 in) in diameter.
197:the plant. The world's largest single bloom is
988:Sawyer, Neil W.; Anderson, Gregory J. (1998).
987:
294:In North America, the herbaceous vines of the
1110:Jürgens, Andreas; Shuttleworth, Adam (2015).
125:), which has the world's largest unbranched
392:(which has a cheesy, garlic-like odor) and
425:Other plants with carrion-scented flowers
376:, and in other species, trace amounts of
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16:Flowers that smell like rotting flesh
854:Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids
283:
871:Wilson, Elizabeth K. (2003-06-30).
203:. This rare flower is found in the
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1134:Carrion and Dung Mimicry in Plants
442:, commonly referred to as "pawpaw"
39:Botanical and Zoological Gardens,
14:
1164:
1098:
1027:Johnson, Steven (July 11, 2016).
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98:Plants known as "carrion flower"
1114:. CRC Press. pp. 361–386.
947:Plant Systematics and Evolution
877:Chemical & Engineering News
364:species revealed foul-smelling
185:Flowers of plants in the genus
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1029:"Quick Guide: Carrion Flowers"
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90:. Some species may trap the
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21:Abyss (Chelsea Wolfe album)
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1105:All about stinking flowers
649:sanguinea subsp. sanguinea
339:Bulbophyllum fletcherianum
145:and "flesh flies" (family
18:
1048:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.047
959:10.1007/s00606-017-1481-0
889:10.1021/cen-v081n005.p027
793:Masdevallia elephanticeps
345:Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis
109:Many plants in the genus
588:Aristolochia californica
558:Helicodiceros muscivorus
360:). Biochemical tests on
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246:landing on a flower of
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175:
168:Khao Sok National Park
122:Amorphophallus titanum
43:
32:Amorphophallus titanum
758:T. foetidissimum
572:Symplocarpus foetidus
565:Lysichiton americanum
333:Bulbophyllum beccarii
325:Orchids of the genus
320:Bulbophyllum (Orchid)
242:
159:
61:flowers that emit an
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551:Dracunculus vulgaris
263:Plants in the genus
873:"A Fantastic Stink"
374:dimethyl trisulfide
1148:Plant common names
492:Edithcolea grandis
447:Sapranthus palanga
390:Methyl thioacetate
370:dimethyl disulfide
254:
176:
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1120:10.1201/b18819-20
1078:"Fly Pollination"
921:Compound Interest
770:T. stamineum
736:Sterculia foetida
680:Tiputinia foetida
468:Boucerosia frerei
388:have been found.
366:dimethyl sulfides
358:parts per billion
277:Stapelia gigantea
65:that smells like
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664:Crescentia alata
603:A. salvadorensis
580:Aristolochiaceae
538:Arum dioscoridis
417:), flesh flies (
413:), house flies (
163:Rafflesia kerrii
55:stinking flowers
49:, also known as
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639:Balanophoraceae
631:Eucomis bicolor
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394:isovaleric acid
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306:Smilax herbacea
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270:mimics rotting
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1085:. Retrieved
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824:Aseroe rubra
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1153:Pollination
802:M. colossus
798:M. angulata
778:Orchidaceae
486:Echidnopsis
463:Stapeliinae
455:Apocynaceae
404:Pollination
229:Tetrastigma
217:R. arnoldii
205:rainforests
200:R. arnoldii
170:, Southern
88:pollinators
1142:Categories
1087:2022-05-05
927:2022-05-03
902:2007-04-29
883:(26): 27.
831:References
688:Cytinaceae
647:Sarcophyte
516:Piaranthus
431:Annonaceae
386:cadaverine
382:putrescine
160:Flower of
1006:0035-4902
967:2199-6881
897:0009-2347
818:Stinkhorn
728:Malvaceae
704:Iridaceae
474:Caralluma
461:subtribe
244:House fly
221:parasitic
195:pollinate
187:Rafflesia
180:Rafflesia
41:Stuttgart
1056:27404246
1014:23313266
812:See also
806:M. picea
415:Muscidae
380:such as
368:such as
266:Stapelia
258:Stapelia
189:(family
172:Thailand
141:-eating
115:(family
37:Wilhelma
1064:3924473
994:Rhodora
975:3529359
615:Hydnora
530:Araceae
504:Huernia
480:Duvalia
439:Asimina
312:Nemexia
289:Nemexia
213:Sumatra
151:Sumatra
143:beetles
139:carrion
117:Araceae
92:insects
84:beetles
76:orifice
67:rotting
59:mimetic
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712:Moraea
498:Hoodia
378:amines
300:Smilax
285:Smilax
209:Borneo
135:spathe
131:spadix
57:, are
1060:S2CID
1032:(PDF)
1010:JSTOR
971:S2CID
510:Orbea
352:Scent
296:genus
224:plant
219:is a
166:, in
80:flies
72:setae
1124:ISBN
1052:PMID
1002:ISSN
963:ISSN
893:ISSN
856:ISBN
384:and
372:and
342:and
272:meat
211:and
82:and
74:and
63:odor
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