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590:) has narrow involucral bracts surrounding each inflorescence, each of which also has a single bract below it. There is then a pair of leafy bracts on the main stem and below those a pair of leaves.
82:
Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves; they may be of a different size, color, shape, or texture. Typically, they also look different from the parts of the flower, such as the petals or
343:
248:
2102:
457:
421:
2107:
859:
Ralph Simon; Marc W. Holderied; Corinna U. Koch; Otto von
Helversen (2011). "Floral acoustics: Conspicuous echoes of a dish-shaped leaf attract bat pollinators".
282:
385:
2240:
403:
949:
2158:
266:
1974:
797:
303:
843:
984:
564:
The term involucre is also used for a highly conspicuous bract or bract pair at the base of an inflorescence. In the family
768:
2164:
1059:
1498:
1979:
1429:
623:. It is a calyx-like extra whorl of floral appendages. Each individual segment of the epicalyx is called an
113:
Some bracts are brightly coloured and serve the function of attracting pollinators, either together with the
2148:
1735:
1250:
2230:
1984:
740:
712:), the spathe is petal-like, attracting pollinators to the flowers arranged on a type of spike called a
1964:
144:(upper bract), while each spikelet (group of florets) has a further pair of bracts at its base called
2296:
2114:
956:
668:
is a large bract or pair of bracts forming a sheath to enclose the flower cluster of such plants as
2252:
2097:
1147:
696:
650:
337:
are linear, loose, taper to a point, about the same length, and help to distinguish this species.
2082:
2006:
705:
604:
180:
is a leaf-like structure, such as a bracteole, subtending (extending under) a single flower or
17:
1811:
1024:
1006:
129:: both of these have large colourful bracts surrounding much smaller, less colourful flowers.
2247:
858:
119:
1969:
1866:
1821:
1493:
1052:
868:
541:. Each flower in an inflorescence may have its own whorl of bracts, in this case called an
429:
256:
232:
1469:
8:
2139:
1684:
333:
872:
30:"Involucre" redirects here. For the protective layer that encloses spores in fungi, see
2077:
1942:
1720:
1412:
1198:
1094:
892:
789:
465:
615:
of a single flower, is a modification of bracteoles In other words, the epicalyx is a
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884:
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because they resemble the sepals in them. They are present in the hibiscus family,
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47:
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167:
Bats may detect acoustic signals from dish-shaped bracts such as those of
136:, each floret (flower) is enclosed in a pair of papery bracts, called the
41:
2016:
2001:
1996:
1932:
1794:
1574:
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1444:
1439:
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534:
358:
inflorescence showing four large white bracts and central flower cluster.
214:
2045:
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2028:
2011:
1694:
1689:
1625:
1417:
1264:
1223:
1117:
565:
558:
530:
238:
76:
525:. An involucre is a common feature beneath the inflorescences of many
260:, differ in colour from the non-bract leaves, and attract pollinators.
2153:
2050:
1779:
1584:
1565:
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628:
584:
is a leafy structure that protects the developing nuts. Beggar-tick (
193:
161:
157:
67:, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a
2195:
2185:
2129:
2124:
1891:
1764:
1740:
1657:
1327:
1112:
633:
570:
526:
376:
114:
31:
117:
or instead of it. Examples of this type of bract include those of
1380:
1375:
1292:
1282:
709:
349:
209:
133:
1833:
1725:
1645:
1599:
1589:
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1488:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1068:
913:
Popay, I (2022-01-07). Bidens frondosa (beggarticks) (Report).
735:
730:
681:
273:
236:
are more tightly pressed against the stem than bracts of other
153:
83:
68:
56:
2057:
1991:
1913:
1881:
1838:
1730:
1672:
1667:
1662:
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1183:
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576:
149:
35:
1908:
1903:
1555:
1395:
1370:
1365:
1349:
1208:
673:
64:
1828:
1390:
1037:
208:
Bracts subtend the cone scales in the seed cones of many
611:
An epicalyx, which forms an additional whorl around the
561:
plants have bracts at the base of each inflorescence.
834:
Jensen, William August; Salisbury, Frank B. (1972).
379:with pink bracts surrounding small flower cluster.
557:and are usually minute scales or bristles. Many
2288:
637:(strawberries) may or may not have an epicalyx.
833:
708:from its tubular spathe. In many arums (family
297:cyathia bearing a pair of pinkish cyathophylls.
45:Papery (upper) and leafy bracts on hay rattle (
184:. The term can also mean the lower bract on a
97:, while one that lacks them is referred to as
51:). All the "leaves" in this image are bracts.
1053:
838:. Wadsworth Publishing Company. p. 544.
823:. San Diego Society of Natural History. 1986.
621:bracteoles forming a whorl outer to the calyx
2159:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
487:. Technically this is any bract that arises
451:protected by two bracts before flower bloom.
1060:
1046:
276:flower stalk surround the rows of flowers
34:. For the indusium in ferns or fungi, see
918:
2103:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
644:
597:
498:
89:A plant having bracts is referred to as
40:
191:The frequently showy pair of bracts of
14:
2289:
933:
852:
328:
218:, they extend beyond the cone scales.
1041:
998:
912:
908:
906:
494:
491:a pedicel instead of subtending it.
24:
938:. Pratiyogita Darpan. p. 136.
617:group of bracts resembling a calyx
545:. In this case they may be called
427:The pink bract of a new cultivar:
25:
2313:
2108:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
981:"epicalyx – Dictionary of botany"
934:Darpan, Pratiyogita (June 2006).
903:
2271:
2270:
456:
438:
420:
402:
384:
363:
342:
320:
302:
281:
265:
247:
223:
1016:
987:from the original on 2012-05-01
800:from the original on 2017-04-28
771:from the original on 2017-04-28
973:
942:
927:
836:Botany: an Ecological Approach
827:
811:
782:
753:
13:
1:
920:10.1079/cabicompendium.108916
761:"the definition of bracteate"
746:
212:, and in some cases, such as
63:is a modified or specialized
2149:History of plant systematics
1736:Thorns, spines, and prickles
1025:Flora of the Maltese Islands
474:
27:Modified or specialized leaf
7:
741:Glossary of botanical terms
719:
593:
521:are collectively called an
108:
10:
2318:
1965:Alternation of generations
1067:
936:Competition Science Vision
479:A small bract is called a
29:
2266:
2214:
2178:
2115:Cultivated plant taxonomy
2078:Biological classification
2068:
1941:
1857:
1753:
1703:
1428:
1358:
1301:
1263:
1237:
1173:
1093:
1075:
790:"Definition of Ebractate"
640:
148:. These bracts form the
1975:Evolutionary development
983:. Botanydictionary.org.
568:, notably in the genera
513:Bracts that appear in a
230:Bright yellow bracts of
1626:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
881:10.1126/science.1204210
697:Zephyranthes tubispatha
651:Anthurium scherzerianum
2241:by author abbreviation
2165:Plant taxonomy systems
2083:Botanical nomenclature
661:
608:
605:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
510:
52:
2248:Botanical expeditions
820:Environment Southwest
648:
601:
502:
463:The golden bracts of
445:The inflorescence of
120:Euphorbia pulcherrima
44:
1980:Evolutionary history
1970:Double fertilization
1822:Cellular respiration
1007:The Book of the Iris
430:Anthurium andraeanum
309:Colourful bracts of
257:Bougainvillea glabra
233:Castilleja levisecta
197:species in subgenus
1199:Non-vascular plants
873:2011Sci...333..631S
555:receptacular bracts
409:The pink bracts of
334:Erigeron peregrinus
1704:Surface structures
1499:Flower development
794:www.greengonzo.com
662:
609:
511:
466:Musella lasiocarpa
391:The red bracts of
140:(lower bract) and
53:
2284:
2283:
1923:Herbaceous plants
1749:
1748:
867:(6042): 631–633.
845:978-0-534-00092-9
495:Involucral bracts
412:Curcuma petiolata
394:Aechmea bracteata
329:involucral bracts
312:Ananas bracteatus
170:Marcgravia evenia
123:(poinsettia) and
16:(Redirected from
2309:
2297:Plant morphology
2274:
2273:
2253:Individual trees
1928:Secondary growth
1899:Succulent plants
1887:Prostrate shrubs
1770:Apical dominance
1755:Plant physiology
1716:Epicuticular wax
1261:
1260:
1254:
1245:Plant morphology
1062:
1055:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1020:
1014:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
961:
955:. Archived from
954:
946:
940:
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931:
925:
924:
922:
910:
901:
900:
856:
850:
849:
831:
825:
824:
815:
809:
808:
806:
805:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
757:
657:with spathe and
460:
448:Alpinia zerumbet
442:
424:
406:
388:
367:
346:
324:
306:
285:
269:
251:
227:
48:Rhinanthus minor
21:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
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2306:
2287:
2286:
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2231:Botanical terms
2224:
2210:
2174:
2120:Citrus taxonomy
2098:Author citation
2064:
1958:
1937:
1859:
1853:
1849:Turgor pressure
1757:
1745:
1699:
1514:Floral symmetry
1432:
1424:
1354:
1343:Vascular bundle
1338:Vascular tissue
1297:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1204:Vascular plants
1169:
1165:Plant pathology
1089:
1071:
1066:
1036:
1035:
1021:
1017:
1003:
999:
990:
988:
979:
978:
974:
965:
963:
959:
952:
948:
947:
943:
932:
928:
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904:
857:
853:
846:
832:
828:
817:
816:
812:
803:
801:
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783:
774:
772:
759:
758:
754:
749:
722:
643:
596:
497:
477:
470:
461:
452:
443:
434:
425:
416:
407:
398:
389:
380:
368:
359:
347:
338:
327:The many green
325:
316:
307:
298:
290:Euphorbia milii
286:
277:
272:Bracts along a
270:
261:
252:
243:
228:
111:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2315:
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2267:
2264:
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2221:Related topics
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2170:Taxonomic rank
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2088:Botanical name
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2070:Plant taxonomy
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2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2054:
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2046:Megasporangium
2043:
2042:
2041:
2034:Microsporangia
2026:
2025:
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2019:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1994:
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1790:Photosynthesis
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1509:Floral formula
1506:
1504:Floral diagram
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1467:
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1433:(incl. Flower)
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1333:Storage organs
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1234:
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1219:Spermatophytes
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1189:Archaeplastida
1186:
1180:
1178:
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1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1143:Phytogeography
1140:
1138:Phytochemistry
1135:
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1099:
1097:
1095:Subdisciplines
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1004:Richard Lynch
997:
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851:
844:
826:
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781:
765:Dictionary.com
751:
750:
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744:
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702:Amaryllidaceae
642:
639:
595:
592:
517:subtending an
496:
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372:Cornus florida
369:
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355:Cornus florida
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2206:Phytochemical
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1844:Transpiration
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1103:Archaeobotany
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2201:Horticulture
2191:Floriculture
2093:Correct name
1943:Reproduction
1933:Woody plants
1858:Plant growth
1817:Gas Exchange
1802:Phytomelanin
1680:Plant embryo
1635:
1430:Reproductive
1278:Phragmoplast
1030:Google Books
1023:
1018:
1012:Google Books
1005:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
975:
964:. Retrieved
957:the original
944:
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602:Epicalyx of
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539:Polygonaceae
522:
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488:
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433:'Pink Lady'.
428:
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203:cyathophylls
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145:
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103:ebracteolate
102:
98:
94:
90:
88:
81:
60:
54:
46:
2017:Pollen tube
2012:Pollinators
2002:Pollination
1997:Germination
1812:Respiration
1795:Chlorophyll
1641:Pedicellate
1575:Gametophyte
1494:Aestivation
1445:Antheridium
1440:Archegonium
1288:Plasmodesma
1265:Plant cells
1128:Paleobotany
1123:Ethnobotany
1108:Astrobotany
1022:Alex Casha
559:asteraceous
535:Dipsacaceae
215:Pseudotsuga
95:bracteolate
2291:Categories
2039:Microspore
2029:Sporangium
2007:Artificial
1695:Sporophyte
1690:Sporophyll
1685:Receptacle
1580:Gynandrium
1450:Androecium
1359:Vegetative
1229:Angiosperm
1224:Gymnosperm
1118:Dendrology
991:2012-04-29
966:2010-08-15
804:2017-04-27
775:2017-04-27
747:References
686:dayflowers
566:Betulaceae
531:Asteraceae
254:Bracts of
239:Castilleja
99:ebracteate
77:cone scale
2236:Botanists
2154:Herbarium
2051:Megaspore
1949:Evolution
1892:Subshrubs
1860:and habit
1785:Nutrition
1780:Cellulose
1775:Bulk flow
1758:Materials
1721:Epidermis
1585:Gynoecium
1566:Endosperm
1561:Dispersal
1477:Staminode
1413:Sessility
1401:Cataphyll
1321:Mesophyll
1273:Cell wall
1214:Lycophyte
1194:Bryophyte
1148:Geobotany
1133:Phycology
691:Commelina
629:Malvaceae
582:involucre
543:involucel
523:involucre
481:bracteole
475:Bracteole
199:Lacanthis
194:Euphorbia
162:winnowing
158:threshing
91:bracteate
75:axis, or
2276:Category
2196:Forestry
2186:Agronomy
2179:Practice
2130:Cultivar
2125:Cultigen
1985:timeline
1877:Rosettes
1765:Aleurone
1741:Trichome
1658:Perianth
1470:Filament
1328:Meristem
1251:glossary
1113:Bryology
985:Archived
950:"Botany"
889:21798950
798:Archived
769:Archived
720:See also
682:crocuses
634:Fragaria
625:episepal
594:Epicalyx
571:Carpinus
527:Apiaceae
485:bractlet
377:cultivar
375:dogwood
352:species
295:vulcanii
242:species.
210:conifers
201:are the
186:peduncle
178:prophyll
115:perianth
109:Variants
32:Peridium
1954:Ecology
1711:Cuticle
1541:Capsule
1531:Anatomy
1482:Tapetum
1406:Petiole
1381:Rhizome
1376:Rhizoid
1303:Tissues
1293:Vacuole
1283:Plastid
1085:Outline
1080:History
897:5035286
869:Bibcode
861:Science
736:Nectary
726:Pedicel
710:Araceae
700:in the
577:Corylus
350:Dogwood
182:pedicel
134:grasses
2302:Leaves
2258:Plants
2161:(IAPT)
1914:Lianas
1882:Shrubs
1834:Starch
1726:Nectar
1646:Raceme
1612:Stigma
1600:Locule
1590:Carpel
1551:Pyrena
1489:Flower
1465:Anther
1460:Stamen
1455:Pollen
1177:groups
1069:Botany
895:
887:
842:
731:Flower
714:spadix
684:, and
678:irises
666:spathe
659:spadix
641:Spathe
580:, the
551:paleas
274:banana
154:cereal
146:glumes
84:sepals
69:flower
57:botany
18:Spathe
2218:Lists
2135:Group
2058:Spore
1992:Flora
1909:Vines
1904:Trees
1867:Habit
1839:Sugar
1731:Stoma
1673:Sepal
1668:Petal
1663:Tepal
1651:Umbel
1636:Bract
1617:Style
1605:Ovule
1595:Ovary
1536:Berry
1526:Fruit
1519:Whorl
1386:Shoot
1184:Algae
1175:Plant
960:(PDF)
953:(PDF)
893:S2CID
674:arums
670:palms
613:calyx
553:, or
547:chaff
515:whorl
293:var.
150:chaff
142:palea
138:lemma
61:bract
36:Sorus
2140:Grex
2022:Self
1556:Seed
1418:Stem
1396:Leaf
1371:Root
1366:Bulb
1350:Wood
1311:Cork
1209:Fern
885:PMID
840:ISBN
574:and
537:and
160:and
65:leaf
59:, a
1829:Sap
1546:Nut
1391:Bud
915:doi
877:doi
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331:of
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
