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40:
67:
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in their tissues from the soils in which they grow, and can be potentially very toxic if the roots or green parts of the plant are consumed. Highly alkaline soils increase the selenium levels in the plants. In addition
1093:
Strategy and
Guidance for Minimizing Hybridization Risk of Castilleja levisecta (CALE) with Castilleja hispida (CAHI) While Advancing Conservation of CALE and Taylor's Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas editha taylori;
442:
are quite varied in form and lifecycle. The genus includes many species that are completely herbaceous, lacking woody material in their above-ground parts. Though it also includes some slightly woody
543:
insect species that have developed a tolerance for these compounds and are able to consume the foliage. These sequestered compounds then confer chemical protection against predators to larvae.
469:
are always at the ends of the stems, which may or may not branch. The inflorescence usually have bracts that are brightly colored for the whole length or towards their ends.
1223:
531:
hemiparasitic reliance on other plant species may affect competition and dominance among other plant species in its community. Additionally, the foliage of some
360:
465:
Stem lengths range from a minute 1 centimeter to as much as 2 meters. In almost all species the leaves are attached to the stems and alternating. The
579:
levels match, and hybrids may produce viable seed. This hybridization potential has been identified as a threat to the genetic integrity of certain endangered
1092:
591:
The author
Gregory L. Tilford claims that the flowers of Indian paintbrush are edible. However, these plants have a tendency to absorb and concentrate
1483:
160:
1522:
1099:(Report). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Washington Department of Natural Resources. 2021
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517:
species. Pollinators aid these plants in reproduction, with insects visiting the flowers, as well as hummingbirds for some species.
1431:
450:. They may grow as annual plants, but most of the species are perennial. Their roots are equally diverse in structure ranging from
364:
from
Columbia. The genus as a whole has never been renamed, however five others were described and named that are considered to be
1496:
1444:
840:
Flora of the Four
Corners Region : Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
1155:
692:
1279:
1501:
1010:
551:
1291:
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716:. Vol. III: Geraniaceae to Scrophulariaceae. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 819–820
1527:
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991:
869:"Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants"
1597:
1012:
Parasitic plants and community composition: how
Castilleja levisecta affects, and is affected by, its community
1566:
1036:
Babikova, Zdenka; Gilbert, Lucy; Bruce, Toby; Dewhirst, Sarah; Pickett, John A.; Johnson, David (April 2014).
1648:
1509:
20:
355:
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Egger, J. Mark; Zika, Peter F.; Wilson, Barbara L.; Brainerd, Richard E.; Otting, Nick (5 February 2024).
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1038:"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and aphids interact by changing host plant quality and volatile emission"
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An
Assessment of Seed Production and Viability of Putative Castilleja levisecta × C. hispida Hybrids
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524:
411:
53:
1553:
1173:"The Use of Arabidopsis to Study Interactions between Parasitic Angiosperms and Their Plant Hosts"
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starting around 2001; sources which do not follow these reclassifications may place them in the
1405:
1306:
741:. Vol. II. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Printed for the author by D. Heartt. pp. 54–55
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Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane, Jr., Steve L.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013).
712:. In Abrams, LeRoy; Ferris, Roxana Stinchfield; Vincent, Sylvia; Law, Barbara (eds.).
1535:
1366:
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The Genera of North
American Plants, and a Catalogue of the Species, to the year 1817
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931:"Hemiparasites can transmit indirect effects from their host plants to herbivores"
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An
Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California
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naturally contains defensive compounds that are sequestered in the tissues of
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1121:(Report). Center for Natural Lands Management and University of Washington.
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430:. More than half, 119 species, are native to North America north of Mexico.
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in northwestern Russia. These plants are classified in the broomrape family
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species will take up alkaloids from other plants when parasitizing them.
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Haan, Nate L.; Bakker, Jonathan D.; Bowers, M. Deane (14 January 2021).
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species can play an important role in plant community dynamics and
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843:. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 688–690
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Haan, Nate L.; Bakker, Jonathan D.; Bowers, M. Deane (May 2018).
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Loretta Fisher; Jonathan D. Bakker; Peter W. Dunwiddie (2015).
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Goldwasser, Y.; Westwood, J. H.; Yoder, J. I. (January 2002).
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458:. Some species also have modified underground stems called
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Genus of flowering plants belonging to the broomrape family
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meaning finely colored, moving the species now known as
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19:"Prairie-fire" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1018:(Doctoral dissertation). University of Washington
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404:had already been named and correctly placed as
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1282:: Listing of species in the Castilleja genus.
1242:
1150:. Mountain Press Publishing. pp. 82–83.
575:genus are able to hybridize, especially when
315:(following major rearrangements of the order
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687:. Vol. I: A-C. CRC Press. p. 455.
680:
335:. The generic name honors Spanish botanist
998:. United States Department of Agriculture.
832:
830:
38:
1196:
992:"Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea)"
900:
550:
511:), and checkerspot butterflies, such as
1148:Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West
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1288:- taxonomic description of the genus.
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307:, and one species as far west as the
1603:4a54e0c3-cec4-4173-9fd1-763265a17100
1250:The Legend of the Indian Paintbrush
1082:
917:
753:
684:CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names
13:
1236:
855:
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708:Pennell, Francis Whittier (1951).
396:and also named another species as
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1567:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325881-2
1280:Native Plant Information Network
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376:described a genus that he named
350:was scientifically described by
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354:using a partial description by
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358:in 1782. The type species was
1:
1296:species gallery by Mark Egger
681:Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000).
624:
426:that are considered valid by
21:Prairie Fire (disambiguation)
1146:Tilford, Gregory L. (1997).
603:
507:(which feeds exclusively on
497:(which has been recorded on
392:where it had been placed by
7:
462:to spread short distances.
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10:
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1042:American Journal of Botany
893:10.1038/s41598-020-80413-y
775:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
770:Plants of the World Online
661:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
656:Plants of the World Online
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428:Plants of the World Online
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356:José Celestino Bruno Mutis
291:native to the west of the
197:List of Castilleja species
18:
1313:
1219:Wyoming Statute 8-3-104
1127:10.13140/RG.2.1.4327.2081
1009:Schmidt, Natalie (2016).
525:multitrophic interactions
480:species are eaten by the
352:Carl Linnaeus the Younger
233:Breedlove & Heckard
210:
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62:Scientific classification
60:
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735:Nuttall, Thomas (1818).
412:Frederick Traugott Pursh
279:of about 200 species of
54:Coconino National Forest
1062:10.1111/1365-2435.12181
763:Castilleja sessiliflora
610:Castilleja linariifolia
586:
407:Castilleja sessiliflora
372:. For example, in 1818
814:Flora of North America
568:
400:. However, Nutttall's
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504:Schinia pulchripennis
446:and even a few woody
361:Castilleja fissifolia
1649:Orobanchaceae genera
1177:The Arabidopsis Book
990:Benda, Christopher.
571:Some species in the
558:Castilleja levisecta
456:fibrous root systems
402:Euchroma grandiflora
398:Euchroma grandiflora
263:, commonly known as
1054:2014FuEco..28..375B
947:2018Ecol...99..399H
885:2021NatSR..11..992H
383:Castilleja coccinea
1226:2008-05-11 at the
873:Scientific Reports
710:"Scrophulariaceae"
569:
564:Castilleja hispida
555:Seeds of putative
533:Castilleja species
337:Domingo Castillejo
52:flowering stem in
49:Castilleja integra
1626:
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1536:Open Tree of Life
1307:Taxon identifiers
1157:978-0-87842-359-0
694:978-0-8493-2675-2
289:herbaceous plants
269:Indian paintbrush
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1458:iNaturalist
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1048:(12): 375.
434:Description
424:216 species
303:, northern
214:Clevelandia
105:Angiosperms
1639:Castilleja
1633:Categories
1345:Castilleja
1315:Castilleja
1294:Castilleja
1292:Extensive
1132:2022-05-02
1103:2022-05-02
1075:2022-05-02
1022:2022-05-02
976:2022-05-02
808:Castilleja
625:References
598:Castilleja
581:Castilleja
573:Castilleja
541:specialist
529:Castilleja
521:Castilleja
514:Euphydryas
509:C. exserta
499:C. exserta
478:Castilleja
440:Castilleja
422:There are
370:Castilleja
348:Castilleja
265:paintbrush
260:Castilleja
172:Castilleja
157:Subtribe:
56:, Arizona
32:Castilleja
1221:(Title 8)
1183:: e0035.
604:Symbolism
583:species.
444:subshrubs
414:in 1813.
285:perennial
75:Kingdom:
1598:VicFlora
1587:VASCAN:
1580:40002521
1575:Tropicos
1476:325881-2
1324:Wikidata
1246:(1988).
1224:Archived
1207:22303205
1070:23321298
971:29131311
963:26624251
911:33446768
652:ex L.f."
593:selenium
484:of some
460:rhizomes
452:taproots
378:Euchroma
366:synonyms
343:Taxonomy
317:Lamiales
293:Americas
249:Wiggins
222:Euchroma
217:Greene
205:Synonyms
189:Species
147:Family:
141:Lamiales
131:Asterids
118:Eudicots
1489:1010255
1437:3170565
1330:Q311122
1198:3243330
1050:Bibcode
943:Bibcode
935:Ecology
902:7809109
881:Bibcode
720:28 June
666:29 June
619:Wyoming
613:is the
489:species
473:Ecology
418:Species
389:Bartsia
386:out of
329:grasses
287:mostly
275:, is a
241:Lehm.
230:Gentrya
225:Nutt.
167:Genus:
137:Order:
79:Plantae
1554:CASTI2
1549:PLANTS
1541:317400
1424:105833
1411:105833
1359:180463
1262:
1205:
1195:
1154:
1068:
969:
961:
909:
899:
847:7 July
819:7 July
810:- FNA"
780:3 July
765:Pursh"
745:3 July
691:
577:ploidy
567:hybrid
537:larvae
501:) and
482:larvae
448:shrubs
297:Alaska
281:annual
1528:46036
1502:33049
1484:IRMNG
1463:49340
1398:1CSLG
1385:38306
1097:(PDF)
1066:JSTOR
1016:(PDF)
959:JSTOR
333:forbs
301:Andes
295:from
277:genus
271:, or
178:Mutis
125:Clade
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
1562:POWO
1523:NCBI
1497:ITIS
1471:IPNI
1450:2162
1445:GRIN
1432:GBIF
1393:EPPO
1372:3J6L
1354:APNI
1260:ISBN
1203:PMID
1152:ISBN
1094:TCB)
967:PMID
907:PMID
849:2024
821:2024
782:2024
747:2024
722:2024
689:ISBN
668:2024
587:Uses
331:and
305:Asia
283:and
195:See
182:L.f.
1611:WFO
1590:959
1510:NBN
1419:FoC
1406:FNA
1380:EoL
1367:CoL
1193:PMC
1185:doi
1123:doi
1058:doi
951:doi
897:PMC
889:doi
617:of
539:of
454:to
410:by
368:of
180:ex
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1395::
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1258:.
1254:.
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1191:.
1179:.
1175:.
1084:^
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1046:99
1044:.
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994:.
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957:.
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939:99
937:.
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887:.
877:11
875:.
871:.
857:^
829:^
812:.
790:^
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767:.
659:.
633:^
621:.
561:×
339:.
267:,
127::
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1181:1
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891::
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784:.
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697:.
670:.
648:"
23:.
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