160:
1315:
34:
941:
248:" – traditionally done by repeatedly tossing the grain up into a light wind, which gradually blows the lighter chaff away. This method typically uses a broad, plate-shaped basket or similar receptacle to hold and collect the winnowed grain as it falls back down.
368:
content of water to 3 microgram/litre. This is especially important in areas where the potable water is provided by filtering the water extracted from an underground
660:
702:
819:
1020:
516:
318:
1005:
729:
503:
478:
457:
793:
565:
Tzarfati, Raanan; Saranga, Yehoshua; Barak, Vered; Gopher, Avi; Korol, Abraham B.; Abbo, Shahal (September 2013).
858:
286:. Like grain chaff, it is used as animal feed and is a way of making coarse fodder more palatable for livestock.
769:
664:
352:, such use is found in Job 13:25, Isaiah 33:11, Psalm 83:13-15, and other places. Chaff also lends its name to
259:
have been bred to have chaff that is easily removed. These varieties are known as "free-threshing" or "naked".
1229:
699:
1010:
364:
Hungarian engineer László Schremmer has discovered that the use of chaff-based filters can reduce the
229:
wheats, the husks enclose each seed tightly. Before the grain can be used, the husks must be removed.
1337:
688:
471:
Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat
Improvement: Population Genetics, Genetic Resources, and Genome...
1292:
1239:
1219:
449:
495:
960:
353:
20:
719:
1030:
816:
995:
132:
8:
1198:
851:
624:"Breeding opportunities for early, free-threshing and semi-dwarf Triticum monococcum L."
566:
599:
875:
725:
642:
604:
586:
499:
474:
453:
396:
1297:
1089:
634:
594:
578:
541:
159:
77:
50:
214:(or hull) around the grain. Once it is removed, it is often referred to as chaff.
1342:
1224:
1132:
1117:
1025:
823:
746:"Job 13:25 Would You frighten a windblown leaf? Would You chase after dry chaff?"
706:
141:
71:
232:
The process of loosening the chaff from the grain so as to remove it is called "
1347:
1318:
1272:
1267:
1193:
1173:
955:
925:
898:
893:
844:
302:
207:
203:
123:
638:
1331:
1234:
1122:
1000:
915:
888:
827:
646:
590:
567:"Threshing efficiency as an incentive for rapid domestication of emmer wheat"
164:
623:
967:
903:
883:
608:
381:
283:
256:
99:
301:, the thin inner-parchment layer on dried coffee beans, in the process of
1287:
1277:
1214:
1127:
1108:
1066:
990:
982:
972:
910:
582:
406:
252:
469:
Nevo, Eviatar & A. B. Korol & A. Beiles & T. Fahima. (2002)
1302:
1282:
1188:
1142:
1046:
1015:
401:
325:
1262:
1178:
1077:
745:
431:
Daniel Jones (2006). Peter Roach; James
Hartman; Jane Setter (eds.).
266:, which is a finer, scaly material that is part of the grain itself.
245:
240:" – traditionally done by milling or pounding, making it finer like "
233:
684:
145:
1168:
1137:
794:"Bible Gateway passage: Psalm 83:13-15 - New International Version"
345:
721:
Plant Life of
Kentucky: An Illustrated Guide to the Vascular Flora
770:"Bible Gateway passage: Isaiah 33:11 - New International Version"
411:
391:
369:
365:
348:
use of the term, to refer to something seen as worthless. In the
218:
171:
135:
126:
1244:
1147:
1112:
1082:
333:
329:
321:
314:
237:
195:
183:
175:
111:
107:
244:". Separating remaining loose chaff from the grain is called "
33:
1183:
1163:
1051:
940:
930:
920:
867:
349:
275:
241:
226:
222:
199:
191:
103:
83:
80:
53:
1061:
1056:
386:
263:
211:
179:
95:
94:) is dry, scale-like plant material such as the protective
37:
27:
564:
344:
Chaff as a waste product from grain processing leads to a
279:
187:
56:
836:
356:, composed of small particles dropped from an aircraft.
517:"What Is Chaff: Learn How To Winnow Seeds From Chaff"
102:, the scale-like parts of flowers, or finely chopped
86:
59:
282:) into very short lengths, using a machine called a
106:. Chaff cannot be digested by humans, but it may be
328:and related families. They are modified scale-like
194:), the ripe seed is surrounded by thin, dry, scaly
447:Mesopotamia Civilization: The Material Foundations
217:In wild cereals and in the primitive domesticated
1329:
724:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 751–.
16:Protective casings of the seeds of cereal grain
852:
717:
430:
859:
845:
711:
598:
621:
490:Vaughan, J. G. & P. A. Judd. (2003)
324:of many species in the sunflower family
158:
32:
1330:
840:
439:
13:
542:"Cereals & Grains Association"
262:Chaff should not be confused with
14:
1359:
1314:
1313:
939:
433:Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary
76:
49:
810:
786:
762:
738:
693:
678:
492:The Oxford Book of Health Foods
297:is produced from the so called
289:
274:Chaff is also made by chopping
718:Ronald Jones (25 March 2005).
653:
615:
558:
534:
509:
484:
463:
424:
269:
154:
1:
1230:non-celiac gluten sensitivity
435:. Cambridge University Press.
417:
163:Spikelets of a hulled wheat,
826:(in Hungarian) published by
251:Domesticated grains such as
117:
7:
1011:International Wheat Council
622:Watanabe, N. (2017-08-04).
375:
339:
317:, chaff refers to the thin
10:
1364:
1040:Plant parts and their uses
25:
18:
1311:
1255:
1208:Associated human diseases
1207:
1156:
1098:
1039:
981:
948:
937:
874:
866:
689:David Teniers the Younger
639:10.1007/s10681-017-1987-0
308:
1240:dermatitis herpetiformis
1220:Gluten-related disorders
700:A Victorian chaff cutter
687:: detail of painting by
450:Cornell University Press
26:Not to be confused with
705:March 21, 2008, at the
496:Oxford University Press
146:
136:
127:
991:Australian Wheat Board
359:
354:a radar countermeasure
167:
114:into soil, or burned.
41:
21:Chaff (disambiguation)
1031:Wheat pools in Canada
1021:Production statistics
685:Cutting chaff by hand
546:www.cerealsgrains.org
278:(or sometimes coarse
162:
36:
996:Canadian Wheat Board
445:Potts, D. T. (1996)
336:in the flower-head.
19:For other uses, see
332:surrounding single
122:"Chaff" comes from
830:on April 15, 2012.
822:2012-04-17 at the
661:"The Chaff cutter"
583:10.1093/aob/mct148
523:. 7 September 2019
521:Gardening Know How
473:. Springer. p. 8.
168:
42:
1325:
1324:
1099:Basic preparation
817:Newspaper article
397:Combine harvester
210:), forming a dry
1355:
1338:Plant morphology
1317:
1316:
1298:Tell Abu Hureyra
1256:Related concepts
1157:As an ingredient
943:
861:
854:
847:
838:
837:
831:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
766:
760:
759:
757:
756:
742:
736:
735:
715:
709:
697:
691:
682:
676:
675:
673:
672:
663:. Archived from
657:
651:
650:
619:
613:
612:
602:
571:Annals of Botany
562:
556:
555:
553:
552:
538:
532:
531:
529:
528:
513:
507:
488:
482:
467:
461:
443:
437:
436:
428:
149:
139:
130:
108:fed to livestock
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
75:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1307:
1251:
1225:coeliac disease
1203:
1152:
1094:
1035:
1026:Protein premium
977:
944:
935:
870:
865:
835:
834:
824:Wayback Machine
815:
811:
802:
800:
792:
791:
787:
778:
776:
768:
767:
763:
754:
752:
744:
743:
739:
732:
716:
712:
707:Wayback Machine
698:
694:
683:
679:
670:
668:
659:
658:
654:
620:
616:
563:
559:
550:
548:
540:
539:
535:
526:
524:
515:
514:
510:
489:
485:
468:
464:
444:
440:
429:
425:
420:
378:
362:
342:
311:
303:grinding coffee
292:
272:
157:
142:Old High German
120:
79:
69:
68:
52:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1361:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:Refined grains
1270:
1268:Plant breeding
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1194:Wheat germ oil
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
970:
965:
964:
963:
956:Wheat diseases
952:
950:
946:
945:
938:
936:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
880:
878:
872:
871:
864:
863:
856:
849:
841:
833:
832:
809:
785:
761:
737:
730:
710:
692:
677:
652:
614:
577:(5): 829–837.
557:
533:
508:
483:
462:
438:
422:
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
377:
374:
361:
358:
341:
338:
310:
307:
291:
288:
271:
268:
156:
153:
124:Middle English
119:
116:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1360:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1320:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:wheat allergy
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Corn exchange
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
984:
980:
974:
971:
969:
966:
962:
959:
958:
957:
954:
953:
951:
947:
942:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
881:
879:
877:
873:
869:
862:
857:
855:
850:
848:
843:
842:
839:
829:
828:Magyar Nemzet
825:
821:
818:
813:
799:
798:Bible Gateway
795:
789:
775:
774:Bible Gateway
771:
765:
751:
747:
741:
733:
731:0-8131-7194-6
727:
723:
722:
714:
708:
704:
701:
696:
690:
686:
681:
667:on 2006-01-03
666:
662:
656:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
618:
610:
606:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
561:
547:
543:
537:
522:
518:
512:
505:
504:0-19-850459-4
501:
497:
493:
487:
480:
479:3-540-41750-8
476:
472:
466:
459:
458:0-8014-3339-8
455:
451:
448:
442:
434:
427:
423:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
373:
371:
367:
357:
355:
351:
347:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
306:
304:
300:
296:
287:
285:
281:
277:
267:
265:
260:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
166:
161:
152:
150:
148:
143:
140:, related to
138:
134:
129:
125:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:cereal grains
97:
91:
73:
64:
46:
39:
35:
29:
22:
1199:Wheat gluten
1071:
968:Wheat mildew
904:Winter wheat
812:
801:. Retrieved
797:
788:
777:. Retrieved
773:
764:
753:. Retrieved
750:biblehub.com
749:
740:
720:
713:
695:
680:
669:. Retrieved
665:the original
655:
630:
626:
617:
574:
570:
560:
549:. Retrieved
545:
536:
525:. Retrieved
520:
511:
491:
486:
470:
465:
446:
441:
432:
426:
382:Awn (botany)
363:
346:metaphorical
343:
319:receptacular
312:
298:
295:Coffee chaff
294:
293:
290:Coffee chaff
284:chaff cutter
273:
261:
257:common wheat
250:
231:
216:
169:
144:
121:
96:seed casings
44:
43:
1288:Whole grain
1278:Staple food
1215:Anaphylaxis
973:Hessian fly
407:Rice huller
270:Straw chaff
174:(including
155:Grain chaff
133:Old English
1332:Categories
1303:Tell Aswad
1293:Shattering
1283:Wheatpaste
1263:Bread riot
1189:Wheat beer
1143:Parboiling
1016:Peak wheat
803:2022-10-07
779:2022-10-07
755:2022-10-07
671:2005-09-06
633:(8): 201.
551:2024-07-11
527:2022-10-07
418:References
402:Rice hulls
326:Asteraceae
299:silverskin
236:" before "
151:, "husk".
1179:Flatbread
1133:Middlings
1078:Endosperm
647:1573-5060
627:Euphytica
591:0305-7364
498:. p. 35.
452:. p. 62.
246:winnowing
234:threshing
118:Etymology
1319:Category
1169:Couscous
1138:Semolina
949:Agronomy
926:Khorasan
899:Red Fife
894:Norin 10
820:Archived
703:Archived
609:23884398
376:See also
340:Metaphor
198:(called
178:such as
112:ploughed
1174:Cracker
1118:Milling
1109:Berries
1090:Sprouts
1006:Exports
916:Einkorn
889:Marquis
600:3747801
412:Sifting
392:Biomass
370:aquifer
366:arsenic
334:florets
305:beans.
219:einkorn
176:cereals
172:grasses
165:einkorn
131:, from
1343:Fodder
1245:ataxia
1148:Bulgur
1123:Farina
1113:groats
1083:Gluten
1074:(husk)
884:Common
728:
645:
607:
597:
589:
502:
477:
456:
330:leaves
322:bracts
315:botany
309:Botany
238:drying
208:paleas
206:, and
204:lemmas
200:glumes
196:bracts
190:, and
184:barley
1348:Waste
1184:Pasta
1164:Bread
1128:Flour
1072:Chaff
1052:Straw
1047:Stalk
983:Trade
931:Spelt
921:Emmer
911:Durum
876:Types
868:Wheat
350:Bible
276:straw
253:durum
242:flour
227:spelt
223:emmer
192:wheat
147:cheva
104:straw
70:also
45:Chaff
40:chaff
1105:None
1067:Germ
1062:Bran
1057:Seed
961:list
726:ISBN
643:ISSN
605:PMID
587:ISSN
500:ISBN
475:ISBN
454:ISBN
387:Bran
264:bran
255:and
225:and
212:husk
188:oats
180:rice
137:ceaf
128:chaf
38:Rice
28:Bran
1111:or
635:doi
631:213
595:PMC
579:doi
575:112
360:Use
313:In
280:hay
170:In
98:of
1334::
796:.
772:.
748:.
641:.
629:.
603:.
593:.
585:.
573:.
569:.
544:.
519:.
494:.
372:.
221:,
202:,
186:,
182:,
110:,
84:ɑː
81:tʃ
74::
72:UK
67:;
54:tʃ
860:e
853:t
846:v
806:.
782:.
758:.
734:.
674:.
649:.
637::
611:.
581::
554:.
530:.
506:.
481:.
460:.
90:/
87:f
78:/
63:/
60:f
57:æ
51:/
47:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
