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possible tolls. But if we include in the calculation the depreciation of the vehicle purchase and maintenance, insurance and taxes paid by the driver, we get a cost around $ 1/mile. There are platforms that facilitate carpooling by connecting people seeking respectively passengers and drivers. Usually there is a fare set up by the car driver and accepted by passengers because they get an agreement before trip start.
452:
In addition, no carpooling was found to guarantee a minimum delay for drivers or a single dropoff/pickup point. Some carpooling platforms (i.e., TwoGo and BlaBlaLines operated by BlablaCar) use an intelligent technology to analyze rides from all users to find the best fit for each user. This intelligent technology even factors in real-time traffic data to calculate precise routes and arrival times.
273:. Ridesharing began during World War II through “car clubs” or “car-sharing clubs”. The US Office of Civilian Defense asked neighborhood councils to encourage four workers to share a ride in one car to conserve rubber for the war effort. It also created a ride sharing program called the Car Sharing Club Exchange and Self-Dispatching System. Carpooling returned in the mid-1970s due to the
301:, and others, began to investigate the feasibility of further development although the comprehensive technologies were not commercially available yet at the time. Their work is considered by many to be a forerunner of carpooling & ridesharing systems technology used by Garrett Camp, Travis Kalanick, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan at
243:
destination). This system automatically performs an equitable sharing of travel costs, allowing each passenger to reimburse the driver a fair share according to the benefit actually gained by the vehicle usage, proportional to the distance traveled by the passenger and the number of people that shared the car.
138:
Carpooling is not always arranged for the whole length of a journey. Especially on long journeys, it is common for passengers to only join for parts of the journey, and give a contribution based on the distance that they travel. This gives carpooling extra flexibility and enables more people to share
116:
Drivers and passengers offer and search for journeys through one of the several mediums available. After finding a match they contact each other to arrange any details for the journey(s). Costs, meeting points and other details like space for luggage are agreed on. They then meet and carry out their
451:
No carpooling service provides the ability for drivers to declare the time range during which they provide services in advance. Although the majority of carpooling services use a mobile application, this is not the case for interurban carpooling services (i.e., Ride joy and
Autostrade carpooling) .
436:
Overall efficacy - Though carpooling is officially sanctioned by most governments, including construction of lanes specifically allocated for car-pooling, some doubts remain as to the overall efficacy of carpool lanes. As an example, many car-pool lanes, or lanes restricted to car-pools during peak
424:
Flexibility - Carpooling can struggle to be flexible enough to accommodate in route stops or changes to working times/patterns. One survey identified this as the most common reason for not carpooling. To counter this some schemes offer 'sweeper services' with later running options, or a 'guaranteed
238:
Carpooling usually means to divide the travel expenses equally between all the occupants of the vehicle (driver or passenger). The driver does not try to earn money, but to share with several people the cost of a trip he/she would do anyway. The expenses to be divided basically include the fuel and
428:
Reliability - If a carpooling network lacks a "critical mass" of participants, it may be difficult to find a match for certain trips. The parties may not necessarily follow through on the agreed-upon ride. Several internet carpooling marketplaces are addressing this concern by implementing online
292:
Carpooling declined precipitously between the 1970s and the 2000s, peaking in the US in 1970 with a commute mode share of 20.4%. By 2011 it was down to 9.7%. In large part this has been attributed to the dramatic fall in gas prices (45%) during the 1980s. In the 1990s it was popular among college
225:
it is a tax crime to carry someone in a car for a cost share (or any payment) unless the driver has a taxi license and there is an invoice issued and taxes are paid. Several people were fined by undercover tax officers during a 2011 crackdown, posing as passengers looking for a ride on carpooling
432:
Riding with strangers - Concerns over security have been an obstacle to sharing a vehicle with strangers, though in reality the risk of crime is small. One remedy used by internet carpooling schemes is reputation systems that flag problematic users and allow responsible users to build up trust
242:
The second generation of these platforms is designed to manage urban trips in real time, using the traveler's smartphones. They make possible to occupy the vehicle's empty seats on the fly, collecting and delivering passengers along its entire route (and not only at common points of origin and
142:
Some carpooling is now organized in online marketplaces or ride-matching websites that allow drivers and passengers to find a travel match and/or make a secured transaction to share the planned travel cost. Like other online marketplaces, they use community-based trust mechanisms, such as
437:
traffic hours, are seldom occupied by car-pools in the traditional sense. Instead, these lanes are often empty, leading to an overall net increase in fuel consumption as freeway capacity is possibly contracted, forcing the solo-occupied cars to travel slower, leading to reduced
103:
Carpool commuting is more popular for people who work in places with more jobs nearby, and who live in places with higher residential densities. Carpooling is significantly correlated with transport operating costs, including fuel prices and commute length, and with measures of
209:
Carpooling, or car sharing as it is called in
British English, is promoted by a national UK charity, Carplus, whose mission is to promote responsible car use in order to alleviate financial, environmental and social costs of motoring today, and encourage new approaches to
92:
spaces. Authorities often encourage carpooling, especially during periods of high pollution or high fuel prices. Car sharing is a good way to use up the full seating capacity of a car, which would otherwise remain unused if it were just the driver using the car.
194:
in which only vehicles with two or more passengers are allowed to drive. HOV lanes can create strong practical incentives for carpooling by reducing travel time and expense. In some countries, it is common to find parking spaces reserved for carpoolers.
482:
is a book written by author Jatin
Kuberkar that narrates a success story of a carpool with twelve people on board. Based in the city of Hyderabad, India, the book is a real life narration and highlights the potential benefits of having a
348:
has greatly helped carpooling to expand, enabling people to offer and find rides thanks to easy-to-use and reliable online transport marketplaces. These websites are commonly used for one-off long-distance journeys with high fuel costs.
230:, Secretary of State for the National Economy, about this practice who replied that carpooling should be endorsed instead of punished, however care must be taken for some people trying to turn it into a way to gain untaxed profit.
146:
Arrangements for carpooling can be made through many different media including public websites, social media, acting as marketplaces, employer websites, smartphone applications, carpooling agencies and pick-up points.
50:
108:, such as time spent with others, time spent eating and drinking and being unmarried. However, carpooling is significantly less likely among people who spend more time at work, elderly people, and homeowners.
839:
218:, the British government initiative to reduce congestion and parking pressure and contribute to relieving the burden on the environment and to the reduction of traffic-related air-pollution, in London.
68:
journeys so that more than one person travels in a car, and prevents the need for others to have to drive to a location themselves. Carpooling is considered a Demand-Responsive
Transport (DRT) service.
750:"Source: The state of European Car Sharing, Car Sharing development strategy of greater London, p. 96-98: white-paper by Momo (European research project on sustainable mobility patterns), June 2010"
390:
is a form of ad hoc, informal carpooling between strangers. No money changes hands, but a mutual benefit still exists between the driver and passenger(s) making the practice worthwhile.
505:
that rips off those whom it serves. The player is tasked in hiring taxi drivers to establish a taxi service that offers a more legitimate, friendly and reliable transport experience.
1242:
444:
In 2012, the
Queensland government announced it would end carpool lanes (known as Transit Lanes) claiming they were creating congestion and delays. The move was supported by the
1081:
476:, "the original share-the-ride-with-a-friend man." Noah explains that carpooling is an economical way to get where you're going, but back in his time it was known as "kalaka."
2034:
836:
1960:
971:
691:
Composition of
Vehicle Occupancy for Journey-To-Work Trips: Evidence of Ridesharing from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey Vermont Add-on Sample.
80:, and the stress of driving. Carpooling is also a more environmentally friendly and sustainable way to travel as sharing journeys reduces air pollution,
1056:
1997:
135:
but is increasingly popular for longer one-off journeys, with the formality and regularity of arrangements varying between schemes and journeys.
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has facilitated growth for carpooling and the commute share mode has grown to 10.7% in 2005. In 2007 with the advent of
2013:
1006:"Hitchhiking: a Viable Addition to a Multimodal Transportation System: Prepared for National Science Foundation, 1975"
806:
705:
Jianling Li, Patrick Embry, Stephen P. Mattingly, Kaveh
Farokhi Sadabadi, Isaradatta Rasmidatta, and Mark W. Burris.
654:
356:. According to its website, as of 2020, Blablacar counted more than 80 million users, across Europe and beyond.
2069:
1747:
1271:
100:
and 10% of commute trips. The majority of carpool commutes (over 60%) are "fam-pools" with family members.
35:
629:"U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey"
469:
896:"All Hail the Uber Man! How Sharp-Elbowed Salesman Travis Kalanick Became Silicon Valley's Newest Star"
559:
202:
created a campaign to encourage others to use this form of transportation in order to reduce their own
176:
1833:
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expands the idea of ad hoc carpooling by designating formal locations for travelers to join carpools.
1038:
352:
In Europe, long-distance car-pooling has become increasingly popular over the past years, thanks to
1264:
1188:
882:
5 Jenius
Indonesia Yang Sukses Di Tingkat Dunia (5 Successful Indonesian Geniuses on a World Level)
298:
28:
1247:
419:
The share of US workers commuting by carpool has declined from 20.4% in 1970 to just 9.7% in 2011.
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By having more people using one vehicle, carpooling reduces each person's travel costs such as:
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to promote carpooling entitled “Kalaka.” In the commercial, an interviewer is shown talking to
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172:
1979:
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1695:
1025:
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508:
Carpool
Karaoke, best known as a recurring segment from The Late Late Show with James Corden.
293:
students, where campuses have limited parking space. Together with Prof. James
Davidson from
227:
226:
websites. On 19 March 2012 Endre Spaller, a member of the Hungarian Parliament interpellated
211:
19:
This article is about car owners driving passengers. For the commercial rental of cars, see
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In an effort to reduce traffic and encourage carpooling, some governments have introduced
8:
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applications or the internet. Passengers are simply picked up at their current location.
336:
respectively, rediscovered and created carpooling system called Zimride, a precursor to
2074:
1442:
1360:
756:
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capital, such systems greatly increase the value of the website for the user community.
329:
278:
85:
1109:"Factors Affecting Drivers to Participate in a Carpooling to Public Transport Service"
632:
1140:
1009:
372:
368:
316:" variety, where all the travelers meet at a common location. Recently, however, the
187:
Many companies and local authorities have introduced programs to promote carpooling.
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have suspended carpooling services in the U.S. and Canada in efforts to control the
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allow people to arrange ad hoc rides on very short notice, through the use of
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used to promote carpooling in the U.S. as a way to ration gasoline during
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1457:
922:"Lyft team gets $ 60M more; now it must prove ride-sharing can go global"
565:
529:
415:
328:, which became commercially available, John Zimmer and Logan Green, from
125:
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A sign encouraging carpooling during the gas shortage resulting from the
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972:"Uber and Lyft suspend carpooling in response to coronavirus pandemic"
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1107:
Mitropoulos, L.; Kortsari, A.; Ayfantopoulou, G. (1 September 2021).
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paid passenger reservation, billed even if passengers do not turn up.
353:
266:
132:
77:
16:
Sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car
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1082:"Transit lanes video|RACQ backs plan to scrap T2 lanes, Brisbane"
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294:
222:
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89:
42:
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707:
Who Chooses to Carpool and Why? Examination of Texas Carpoolers.
221:
However, not all countries are helping carpooling to spread: in
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1057:"Carpool Cheats May Be Helping Traffic; How HOV Lanes Can Fail"
831:
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827:
602:
ioki.com - what-is-demand-responsive-transport (26 June 2023).
312:" variety, in which each rider is picked up in sequence, to a "
2035:
Professional E-Hailing Drivers and Private Owners Association
1903:
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1561:
1447:
1420:
1370:
1328:
281:. At that time the first employee vanpools were organized at
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1203:"SEGA launches new 'Crazy Taxi Gazillionaire' strategy game"
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265:
Carpooling first became prominent in the United States as a
1933:
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987:"Uber, Lyft Halt Shared Carpool Service in U.S. And Canada"
498:
473:
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364:
360:
337:
302:
857:
Dynamic Ridesharing: Carpooling Meets the Information Age.
96:
In 2009, carpooling represented 43.5% of all trips in the
774:
727:
678:
Not driving alone: Commuting in the Twenty-first century.
325:
143:
user-ratings, to create an optimal experience for users.
837:
Ridesharing in North America: Past, Present, and Future.
308:
The character of carpool travel has been shifting from "
286:
1961:
International Alliance of App-based Transport Workers
870:
The rise and fall of the American carpool: 1970–1990.
631:. U.S. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from
653:Park, Haeyoun; Gebeloff, Robert (28 January 2011).
34:"Ride sharing" redirects here. For other uses, see
655:"Car-Pooling Declines as Driving Becomes Cheaper"
425:ride home' arrangement with a local taxi company.
183:. Such services are used to encourage carpooling.
2051:
1998:Indian Federation of App-based Transport Workers
297:, Dace Campbell, Ivan Lin and Habib Rached from
835:Chan, Nelson D. & Susan A. Shaheen (2012)
712:
680:Elon University Department of Economics. 2010.
604:"What is … demand-responsive transport (DRT)?"
167:, this one located at the interchange between
1272:
652:
1141:"U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION: KALAKA"
581:When You Ride Alone You Ride with bin Laden
1279:
1265:
497:) antagonizes ride-sharing as a threat to
23:. For vehicles with drivers for hire, see
1124:
1003:
1241:) is being considered for deletion. See
893:
414:
250:
154:
119:
49:
1163:"Kalaka - yes the word for car pooling"
334:University of California, Santa Barbara
131:Carpooling is commonly implemented for
2052:
672:
670:
668:
1260:
1200:
1169:from the original on 21 December 2021
1054:
1050:
1048:
709:Transportation Research Record, 2007.
456:
2014:National Taxi Workers' Alliance (NY)
1004:Dallmeyer, K. E. (4 February 1976).
984:
919:
894:Shontell, Alyson (11 January 2014).
701:
699:
676:Stephen DeLoach and Thomas Tiemann.
1286:
693:Transportation Research Board 2012.
665:
501:business, as it becomes a powerful
214:in the UK. Carplus is supported by
13:
1084:. 22 December 2013. Archived from
1045:
383:Carpooling exists in other forms:
192:high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes
117:shared car journey(s) as planned.
14:
2086:
1245:to help reach a consensus. ›
1224:
855:Marc Oliphant & Andrew Amey.
846:Transport Reviews 32 (1): 93–112.
696:
198:In 2011, an organization called
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985:Bond, Shannon (17 March 2020).
978:
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920:Farr, Christina (23 May 2013).
913:
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784:. 19 March 2012. Archived from
465:US Department of Transportation
233:
88:on the roads, and the need for
1008:. Trid.trb.org. Archived from
742:
683:
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621:
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468:released a humorous, animated
378:
150:
1:
2019:Rideshare Drivers United (CA)
1748:Social peer-to-peer processes
1230:
884:23 July 2015. Elizabeth Chen.
588:
410:
124:Carpool pick-up place in the
1976:Gorillas Workers Collective
111:
7:
872:Transportation 24.4. (1997)
807:"How prices are calculated"
689:Nathan Belz and Brian Lee.
512:
470:public service announcement
10:
2091:
1201:Padla, Rei (2 June 2017).
560:Sustainable transportation
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177:Portersville, Pennsylvania
40:
33:
18:
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2006:
1990:
1969:
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1834:Collaborative consumption
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486:The 2017 smartphone game
139:journeys and save money.
1771:Peer-to-peer ridesharing
1663:Services and freelancing
1243:templates for discussion
495:Crazy Taxi Gazillionaire
340:. The popularity of the
41:Not to be confused with
29:Carpool (disambiguation)
1761:Peer-to-peer carsharing
842:4 February 2014 at the
570:peer-to-peer carsharing
1914:Scooter-sharing system
1899:Product-service system
1789:Bicycle-sharing system
1033:Cite journal requires
420:
262:
184:
173:Pennsylvania Route 488
128:
58:
27:. For other uses, see
2070:Sustainable transport
1879:Intentional community
1696:The Freecycle Network
535:Public transportation
418:
400:Ridesharing companies
254:
158:
123:
53:
1889:Platform cooperative
1766:Peer-to-peer lending
1756:Peer-to-peer banking
1536:Servas International
216:Transport for London
1909:Ridesharing company
1189:Cabbing All the Way
1088:on 22 December 2013
762:on 16 February 2020
540:Ridesharing company
480:Cabbing All the Way
394:Flexible carpooling
1126:10.3390/su13169129
1012:on 8 November 2019
659:The New York Times
635:on 23 October 2013
462:In the 1970s, the
457:In popular culture
421:
359:As of March 2020,
330:Cornell University
279:1979 energy crisis
263:
185:
129:
86:traffic congestion
64:is the sharing of
59:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
1942:
1941:
1735:
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1570:
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1207:Android Community
1143:. paleycenter.org
1055:Templeton, Brad.
720:"GreenXC Website"
493:(formerly titled
373:social distancing
369:COVID-19 pandemic
2082:
1951:
1950:
1924:Two-sided market
1894:Platform economy
1809:Decentralization
1804:Borrowing center
1744:
1743:
1689:Swap and renting
1526:Hospitality Club
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228:Zoltán Cséfalvay
204:carbon footprint
82:carbon emissions
25:vehicle for hire
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2060:Car culture
1597:Kickstarter
1472:Hospitality
1458:Yandex.Taxi
1231:‹ The
926:VentureBeat
613:23 November
566:car sharing
530:Hitchhiking
379:Other forms
151:Initiatives
126:Netherlands
36:Ridesharing
2054:Categories
1864:Gig worker
1819:Carsharing
1794:Blockchain
1727:Withlocals
1701:Streetbank
1675:TaskRabbit
1618:Craigslist
1582:GiveSendGo
1541:Trustroots
1508:Non-profit
1480:For-profit
1339:Co-Op Ride
1248:Carpooling
1212:31 October
1016:29 January
947:"About Us"
792:2012-04-06
766:29 January
639:2014-01-29
589:References
489:Crazy Taxi
411:Challenges
404:smartphone
299:Washington
181:Pittsburgh
74:fuel costs
62:Carpooling
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2075:Commuting
1929:Upcycling
1829:Co-living
1680:Thumbtack
1592:Indiegogo
1521:Dachgeber
1516:BeWelcome
1463:Yourdrive
1386:KakaoTaxi
1314:BlaBlaCar
1295:Companies
956:1 January
951:BlaBlaCar
931:1 January
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354:BlaBlaCar
267:rationing
179:north of
133:commuting
112:Operation
1874:Homestay
1740:Concepts
1587:GoFundMe
1396:Ola Cabs
1361:Free Now
1233:template
1167:Archived
840:Archived
555:Slugging
525:Fuel tax
513:See also
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388:Slugging
342:Internet
318:Internet
283:Chrysler
277:and the
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159:Typical
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1980:strikes
1970:Germany
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1555:Unknown
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1235:below (
1092:3 April
1066:4 April
816:4 April
734:26 June
575:Vanpool
295:Harvard
247:History
223:Hungary
200:Greenxc
90:parking
43:Vanpool
1954:Global
1947:Labour
1784:Barter
1670:Pickle
1633:Kijiji
1628:Vinted
1611:Retail
1488:Airbnb
1453:Wingly
1436:Careem
1406:PickMe
1401:Pathao
1356:Fasten
1334:Cabify
1252:Curlie
1238:Curlie
1173:31 May
1147:31 May
1061:Forbes
491:Tycoon
1991:India
1904:Reuse
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1421:TAPSI
1411:Snapp
1371:Gojek
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1934:Wiki
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