804:
300:
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753:"Performance parking" or variable-rate parking is based on Shoup's ideas. Electronic parking meters are used so that parking spaces in desirable locations and at desirable times are more expensive than less desirable locations. Other variations include rising rates based on duration of parking. More modern ideas use sensors and networked parking meters that "bid up" (or down) the price of parking automatically with the goal of keeping 85–90% of the spaces in use at any given time to ensure perpetual parking availability. These ideas have been implemented in
1034:
164:
995:
130:
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199:
41:
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99:
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742:, against the large-scale use of land and other resources in urban and suburban areas for motor vehicle parking. Shoup's work has been popularized along with market-rate parking and performance parking, both of which raise and lower the price of metered street parking with the goal of reducing cruising for parking and double parking without overcharging for parking.
712:
municipal parking garages for motor vehicles, and when bridges and tunnels are tolled for these modes, driving becomes less competitive in terms of out-of-pocket costs compared to other modes of transportation. When municipal motor vehicle parking is underpriced and roads are not tolled, the shortfall in tax expenditures by drivers, through
1025:
day/week/month/year including the peak parking demand. While it has been assailed by some planners for lack of data in urban settings, it stands as the single largest accumulation of actual parking demand data related to land use. Anyone can submit parking demand data for inclusion. The report is updated approximately every 5 to 10 years.
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on-street parking is cheaper than off-street parking, the costs of fuel are cheap, the driver wishes to park for longer, the driver is alone in the car and the driver's time is not valuable to them. Cruising can be diminished if the cost of on-street parking is set equal to the cost of off-street parking.
282:
There is a wide international vocabulary for multi-storey parking garages. In the
Midwestern United States, they are known as parking ramp. In the United Kingdom, they are known as multi-storey car parks. In the Western US, they are called parking structures. In New Zealand, they are known as parking
1101:
system provides information about the availability of parking spaces within a controlled area. The systems may include vehicle detection sensors that can count the number of available spaces and display the information on various signs. There may be indicator lights that can lead drivers to an exact
1052:
Cruising is an economic decision, with the cost of parking dominant in determining cruising behaviour. This is grounded in the principle that drivers will only cruise if the cost of cruising is lower than the savings of not parking in available chargeable spaces. Drivers are more likely to cruise if
402:
Urban parking spaces can have a high value where the price of land is high. The prices in Boston for parking spaces have always been high; in August 2020, the asking price ranged just under US$ 39,000 in the West End to almost $ 250,000 in the South End. According to
Parkopedia's 2019 Global Parking
1009:
At UK airports, it is rare for employees to pay for their car parking. Generally, the airports authority will charge for staff permits, but these permits will be purchased by employers and the cost not passed on to staff. Staff are generally more willing to park at a site away from the airport than
395:
in the modern market economy. Early economic analysis treated parking only as an end-of-trip cost. However, later work has recognised that parking is a major use of land in any urban area. According to the
International Parking Institute, "parking is a $ 25 billion industry and plays a pivotal role
109:
is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings' users. Countries and local governments have rules for
837:
potentially large numbers of motor vehicles in small geographic areas. Usually, the authorities set minimum, or more rarely maximum, numbers of motor vehicle parking spaces for new housing and commercial developments, and may also plan their location and distribution to influence their convenience
768:
context. The study suggests that block-level elasticities vary so widely that urban planners and economists cannot accurately predict the response in parking demand to a given change in price. The public policy implication is that planners should utilize observed occupancy rates in order to adjust
1005:
Most airports provide parking for patrons. Parking is normally split into short-stay parking, intended for those dropping off or picking up passengers, and long-stay parking, intended for staff and passengers who choose to drive to the airport. At larger airports, long-stay parking may be located
784:
Municipal parking regulation introduced controls for parking on public land, often funded through parking meters. However, with the growth of car use, the supply of on-street parking became insufficient to meet demand. City centre merchants called on municipalities to subsidise car parking in the
711:
In the graph to the right or below the value above the line represents the out-of-pocket cost per trip, per person for each mode of transportation; the value below the line shows subsidies, environmental impact, social and indirect costs. When cities charge market rates for on-street parking and
706:
The cost of motor vehicle parking plays a major role in transportation choices (US, 1999 dollars). The value above the line represents the out-of-pocket cost per trip for each mode of transportation, while the value below the line accounts for subsidies, environmental impact, social and indirect
314:
is a concept of parking whereby people drive or cycle to a car park away from their destination and use public transport or another form of transport, such as bicycle hire schemes, to complete their journey. This is done to reduce the amount of traffic congestion and the need for parking in city
898:
In some jurisdictions, those in possession of the proper ID tags or license plates are also free from parking violation tickets for running over their metered time or parking in an inappropriate place, as some disabilities may prohibit the use of regular spaces. Illegally parking in a disabled
859:
German municipalities have variegated transport cultures and policies, however common federal laws govern the use of street space and the rights of motorists. German law privileges parked cars as traffic and constrains the ability of municipal governments to implement diverse parking policies.
845:
Tradeable parking allowances have been proposed for dense residential areas to reduce inequity and increase urban livability. In summary, each resident would receive an annual, fractional allowance for on-street parking. To park on the street, one must assemble a whole parking allowance by
1024:
Parking
Generation is a document produced by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) that assembles a vast array of parking demand observations predominately from the United States. It summarizes the amount of parking observed with various land uses at different times of the
1006:
further away from the terminal, while parking at the terminal will be more expensive. Some airports charge more for parking cars than for parking aircraft. Airports may be reluctant to discourage passengers from arriving at the airport by car due to the revenues generated.
815:, the practice of some people saving convenient roadway for themselves became controversial. At that time, many Boston districts had an informal convention that if a person shoveled the snow out of a roadspace, that person could claim ownership of that space with a
1059:
systems present drivers with dynamic information on parking within controlled areas (like parking garages and parking lots). The systems combine traffic monitoring, communication, processing and variable message sign technologies to provide the service.
985:
In
England, NHS hospitals are permitted to charge patients, staff and visitors for parking at the hospital. This has been criticised for adding extra costs to accessing healthcare. In Scotland and Wales, all hospital parking charges have been abolished.
724:
The average response in parking demand to a change in price (parking price elasticity) is -0.52 for commuting and -0.62 for non-commuting trips. Non-commuters also respond to parking fees by changing their parking duration if the price is per hour.
215:
On-street parking may be restricted for a number of reasons. Restrictions could include waiting prohibitions, which ban parking in certain areas; time restrictions; requirements to pay, e.g. at a
Parking meter or using a
946:
increased in Korea, the utilization rate of the traditional market sharply decreased. Accordingly, each local government has a large-scale parking lots near the traditional market and provides discounts to users.
1048:
occurs, where drivers drive on streets in search of a parking space. It can also occur where there is supply of kerbside space, but parking restriction or payment costs discourage drivers from parking there.
838:
and accessibility. The costs or subsidies of such parking accommodations can become a heated point in local politics. For example, in 2006 the San
Francisco Board of Supervisors considered a controversial
803:
833:
In congested urban areas parking of motor vehicles is time-consuming and often expensive. Urban planners who are in a position to override market forces must consider whether and how to accommodate or
716:
and other taxes might be regarded as a very large subsidy for automobile use: much greater than common subsidies for the maintenance of infrastructure and discounted fares for public transportation.
875:) from their local prefecture's police, providing proof of their own off-street parking space that they either buy or rent, that is not located more than 2 kilometers from their place of residence.
863:
German legal principles determine that the use of public streets is for traffic, including car parking. Consequently, German motorists tend to assert a right to park for free on the public highway.
2140:
703:
231:
On-street parking is often criticised for being a bad use of high-value public space, especially where parking is free. In some cities, authorities have replaced parking spaces with
2984:
1765:
Lehner, S.; Peer, S. (2019), The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis, Transportation
Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 121, March 2019, Pages 177-191" web|url=
399:
In urban areas, car parks compete with each other and curbside parking spaces. Drivers do not want to walk far from where they have parked, giving car parks local monopoly power.
209:
Curbside parking may be parallel, angled or perpendicular parking. Parallel parking is often considered a complicated maneuver for drivers, however uses the least road width.
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based on time and location to keep approximately 15% of parking spaces open. Some South Boston spots also have sensors, so users of an app called Parker can find vacancies.
1420:
916:, there are many more vehicles than there are parking lots in the country, so parking lots are sometimes created as a way to utilize empty spaces where people are playing.
1095:
Ford Motor
Company is developing a system called Parking Spotter, which allows vehicles to upload parking spot information into the cloud for other drivers to access.
769:
prices so that target occupancy rates are achieved. Effective implementation will require further experimentation with and assessment of the tâtonnement process.
117:
Car parking is essential to car-based travel. Cars are typically stationary around 95 per cent of the time. The availability and price of car parking may support
291:
Fringe parking is an area for parking usually located outside the central business district and most often used by suburban residents who work or shop downtown.
2314:
276:
began to be converted into garages. In cities of the
Eastern US, many former livery stables, with lifts for carriages, continue to operate as garages today.
121:. Significant amounts of urban land are devoted to car parking; in many North American city centers, half or more of all land is devoted to car parking.
2148:
807:
A parking space reserved for milk trucks at a Montebello cheese production facility. The French wording says "Camion à lait", which means "Milk truck").
758:
3099:
1778:
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221:
1508:
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Surface regimes involve using a clear lot to provide a single level of parking. This may be a stand-alone car park or located around a building.
2104:
2339:
51:
3147:
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Private parking is owned by a private entity. It may be available for use by the public or restricted to customers, employees or residents.
1542:
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in Korea, so the government is providing a lot of support for them, and the parking lot discount system for them is an example of that.
888:
396:
in transportation, building design, quality of life and environmental issues". Annual parking revenue in the US alone is $ 10 billion.
1328:(ca. 700 BC) bore signs stating "Royal Road. Let no man lessen it." The penalty for illegal use was "death by impalement on a stake."
1084:, which has sensors embedded in the roadway. It allows drivers to find parking via mobile app, website, or SMS, and includes "smart"
965:
Persons of national merit and persons eligible for veterans benefits: 1 hour exemption / 50% discount for additional 1 hour afterwards
1917:
3081:
1992:"Feasibility of tradeable on-street parking allowances in dense residential areas to reduce inequity and increase urban livability"
980:
327:
and locks, as well as more modern technologies for security and convenience. For instance, one bicycle parking lot in Tokyo has an
1568:
1486:
224:, restricting parking to permit holders - often residents - only. Parking restrictions may be applied across a whole zone using a
1259:
1073:
have mobile apps associated with the in-car system, that can locate the car or indicate the last place it was parked. Cars with
2365:
764:
One empirical study supports performance-based pricing by analyzing the block-level price elasticity of parking demand in the
179:
Public parking is managed by local government authorities and available for all members of the public to drive to and park in.
2649:
2622:
1851:"Understanding the Block-Level Price Elasticity of On-Street Parking Demand: A Case Study of San Francisco's SFpark Project"
3076:
879:
can be exempted from parking space requirement in some sparsely-populated areas. Overnight street parking is not allowed.
3247:
1346:
3137:
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1169:
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Certain parking lots or garages may contain parking facilities for other vehicles, such as bicycle parking. Underneath
2748:
2601:
2399:
1754:
85:
1044:
When the supply of kerbside parking in a particular area is less than the demand for parking, a phenomenon known as
2944:
2060:
1532:
Shannon Sanders McDonald: The parking garage. Design and evolution of a modern urban form, Washington 2007, p. 7-21
1264:
1098:
1056:
335:
2591:
1206:, the no parking whitebeam - so named because the type specimen was discovered with a no parking sign nailed to it
346:
In addition to basic car parking, variations of serviced parking types exist. Common serviced parking types are:
2127:
3091:
3041:
1461:
1119:
Statistically, the optimal strategy is to drive past the first empty spot and park in the next available spot.
1969:
1105:
An amusing alliterative slang term for finding an ideal parking spot directly in front of ones destination is
3114:
3056:
2441:
1437:
828:
738:
299:
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2919:
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2718:
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250:
2014:"Free parking for free people: German road laws and rights as constraints on local car parking management"
1676:
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2808:
2787:
1782:
323:
Parking lots specifically for bicycles are becoming more prevalent in many countries. These may include
212:
On-street parking can act as inexpensive traffic calming by reducing the effective width of the street.
3179:
3051:
2967:
2924:
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2670:
2392:
Movie speak : how to talk like you belong on a film set : and get invited to the four-banger
2268:
2173:
2013:
1619:
3225:
2803:
2758:
2642:
1991:
1279:
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and parking booking platforms that help drivers find parking take different approaches have emerged.
186:
Such facilities may be on-street parking, located on the street, or off-street parking, located in a
842:
plan to limit the number of motor vehicle parking spaces available in new residential developments.
3104:
3046:
2776:
1299:
1202:
1134:
834:
754:
328:
67:
20:
1803:
3142:
2939:
2934:
2080:
1701:
1174:
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1154:
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Off-street parking can be a temporary usage for a land owner to extract value from a vacant lot.
225:
157:
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3132:
3109:
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city centre to facilitate competition against new forms of car-centric commercial development.
1546:
788:
Parking is a heavy land use. The total land area of parking in the US is at least the size of
3187:
2989:
2909:
2728:
2723:
2708:
2688:
1943:
1219:
1144:
1113:
261:
1722:
403:
Index, the cost for 2 hours of parking in USD$ for the top 25 global cities is as follows:
3236:
3207:
2914:
2839:
2635:
2520:
324:
217:
1921:
315:
centres and to connect more people to public transport networks who may not be otherwise.
8:
3262:
3252:
3066:
3033:
2781:
2662:
2569:
1325:
1224:
254:
2524:
2217:
955:
The low birth rate problem in Korea is serious, and there is a lot of support for them.
3220:
3192:
3018:
2979:
2766:
2536:
2510:
2417:
2296:
2218:"Cruising for parking: New empirical evidence and influential factors on cruising time"
2041:
1899:
1399:
1019:
871:
In Japan, since 1962, to buy a car, one is required to obtain a "garage certificate" (
3164:
3023:
2597:
2540:
2449:
2405:
2395:
2288:
2249:
2193:
2045:
2033:
1891:
1850:
1750:
1639:
1403:
1391:
1269:
1229:
1139:
1033:
999:
951:
Traditional market users: 1 hour exemption & 50% off additional 1 hour afterwards
943:
778:
392:
141:
26:"Free parking" redirects here. For the card game inspired by the Monopoly board, see
2300:
1332:
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them
338:, there is a three-storey underground bicycle park which can store 12,656 bicycles.
257:
or a hybrid of the two. Such structures may be incorporated into a wider structure.
3288:
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2954:
2864:
2771:
2698:
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2239:
2229:
2185:
2025:
1631:
1383:
1274:
1234:
1089:
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2029:
819:. However, city government defied that custom and cleared markers out of spaces.
1635:
1425:
1209:
1149:
733:
366:
59:
3231:
3154:
2886:
2854:
2825:
2693:
2532:
1509:"Op-Ed: Why 'Parklets' for Recreational Use Should Replace Some Parking Spaces"
1372:"Morning Queues and Parking Problems. On the Broken Promises of the Automobile"
1284:
1196:
1184:
118:
2473:
1387:
994:
3282:
3159:
3008:
2876:
2871:
2703:
2501:
Krapivsky, P.L.; Redner, S (19 September 2019). "Simple parking strategies".
2453:
2409:
2292:
2253:
2197:
2037:
1895:
1643:
1395:
1294:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1085:
1070:
899:
parking space or fraudulent use of another person's permit is heavily fined.
816:
789:
372:
355:
350:
311:
269:
111:
1766:
1626:. Special Issue on Collective Contributions in the Honor of Richard Arnott.
1371:
383:
249:
Structured regimes are buildings in which vehicles can be parked, including
163:
129:
2881:
2829:
2813:
2738:
2678:
2234:
1289:
1179:
925:
273:
175:
Parking facilities can be divided into public parking and private parking.
168:
63:
27:
16:
Act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied
3267:
3169:
3001:
2929:
2901:
2743:
2627:
1244:
913:
243:
187:
152:
145:
2244:
2172:
Aldridge, K.; Carreno, M.; Ison, S.; Rye, T.; Straker, I. (2006-11-01).
1903:
1879:
962:
Disabled person: 1 hour exemption / 50% off additional 1 hour afterwards
246:(or car parks) generally come in either a structured or surface regime.
198:
98:
3215:
3013:
2849:
2844:
2834:
2713:
1304:
1063:
702:
206:
On-street parking can come in the form of curbside or central parking.
134:
1116:
was shown to immediately drive into the perfect spot time after time.
3257:
1190:
1159:
1107:
1074:
2515:
2478:
876:
713:
283:
buildings. In Canada and South Africa, they are known as parkades.
846:
purchasing fractional allowances from others who do not own cars.
2658:
2216:
Lee, Jinwoo (Brian); Agdas, Duzgun; Baker, Douglas (2017-10-25).
1828:
745:
304:
232:
1591:"World's biggest bicycle park built below Utrecht train station"
1569:"Invisible Bicycles: Tokyo's High-Tech Underground Bike Parking"
148:
in New York City with capacity multiplied by stacking with lifts
2580:
1081:
839:
812:
765:
265:
1077:
communicate to each other indicating recently vacated spots.
50:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2061:"Japan's proof-of-parking rule has an essential twin policy"
1970:"Supes to consider limit on parking spaces at new buildings"
1038:
2617:
1545:. Discount Park & Ride. 9 January 2015. Archived from
1702:"How much does it cost to buy a parking space in Boston?"
1657:
307:
allows people to park and take the train into the centre.
2141:"Letters: Cheaper to park a plane than a car at airport"
1112:
named for the American singer and actor who in numerous
2503:
Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
2340:"Do new parking apps pass the test? - The Boston Globe"
2128:
Korea Tip of the Day: Know your colors of parking spots
1334:. United States: Rutgers University Press. p. 184.
2366:"Translogic 174: Ford envisions the future of parking"
2171:
1880:"Review of LOTS OF PARKING: Land Use in a Car Culture"
935:
Electric & Hydrogen & Hybrid vehicles: 50% Off
2174:"Car parking management at airports: A special case?"
1807:
1779:"Redwood City Redevelopment | Downtown Parking"
932:
Full discounts on eco-friendly cars are also active.
1037:A sign indicating that no parking is allowed on a
969:
2389:
2105:"Japan's Proof-of-Parking rule (shako shomeisho)"
1677:"Why New Parking Facilities Should Be Recyclable"
1347:""Cars are parked 95% of the time". Let's check!"
3280:
822:
2500:
351:Carport (open-air single-level covered parking)
3100:Commercial Driver's License Information System
2593:Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World
2363:
3148:Disabled parking permits of the United States
2643:
2215:
48:The examples and perspective in this article
2422:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
375:within car parks may be variously arranged.
2474:"Where to park your car, according to math"
2442:"Los Angeles Wants Its 'Doris Day' Parking"
1910:
907:
719:
238:
2657:
2650:
2636:
2426:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1745:Graph based on data from Vukan R. Vuchic,
889:Parking restrictions in the United Kingdom
2514:
2243:
2233:
1767:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.01.014
1741:
1739:
1674:
1484:
86:Learn how and when to remove this message
3082:List of countries by minimum driving age
2081:"JDM 4 all | Getting garage certificate"
1989:
1944:"Boston Fights Winter Parking Tradition"
1032:
993:
981:National Health Service hospital parking
802:
744:
701:
382:
298:
197:
162:
151:
140:
128:
97:
2315:"Parking App Haystack Banned in Boston"
2147:. Melbourne. 2012-04-21. Archived from
1972:. San Francisco Chronicle. pp. B–2
1781:. Ci.redwood-city.ca.us. Archived from
1415:
1413:
1260:Parking space reservation in snowstorms
798:
3281:
2589:
2058:
2011:
1736:
1675:van Rooij, Rogier (17 November 2017).
1620:"A review of the economics of parking"
1369:
728:
387:Free parking has hidden societal costs
202:Cars parked on the sidewalk in Moscow.
2631:
2266:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2167:
2165:
1941:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1613:
1611:
1487:"Street Wise: Traffic Calming Basics"
849:
391:Parking is one of the most important
156:An underground parking garage at the
124:
102:Cars parked at the side of the street
1967:
1806:. SFpark. 2012-12-17. Archived from
1617:
1410:
1344:
193:
34:
2012:Taylor, Dr Elizabeth (2021-02-01).
1848:
1329:
1080:San Francisco uses a system called
749:Electronic Parking System exit gate
341:
13:
3138:Decriminalised parking enforcement
2551:
2204:
2162:
1868:
1608:
1170:Decriminalised parking enforcement
1028:
919:
318:
14:
3300:
2945:Category: Speed limits by country
2749:Vienna Convention on Road Traffic
2611:
2222:Journal of Transport and Land Use
1747:Transportation for Livable Cities
882:
286:
264:for motor vehicles was opened in
2564:
2364:Autoblog Staff (14 April 2015).
1265:Parking guidance and information
1099:Parking guidance and information
942:As the number of users of large
893:
781:is an aspect of urban planning.
294:
39:
2618:International Parking Institute
2573:interview with Henry Grabar on
2494:
2466:
2434:
2383:
2357:
2332:
2307:
2267:Shoup, Donald C. (2006-11-01).
2260:
2133:
2121:
2097:
2073:
2052:
2005:
1983:
1961:
1935:
1920:. Boston Online. Archived from
1842:
1821:
1796:
1771:
1759:
1715:
1694:
1668:
1662:International Parking Institute
1650:
1583:
1561:
1535:
970:Parking at various destinations
959:Multi-child households: 50% off
777:The management of parking as a
3092:Traffic violations reciprocity
1942:Finer, Jonathan (2005-01-01).
1526:
1501:
1491:Planning Commissioners Journal
1478:
1454:
1430:
1363:
1338:
1318:
902:
1:
3115:Non-Resident Violator Compact
3057:Inter-American Driving Permit
2285:10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.005
2190:10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.002
2030:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.11.013
1571:. Web Urbanist. 26 March 2015
1421:The High Cost of Free Parking
1311:
1013:
829:Parking minimums and maximums
823:Parking minimums and maximums
811:During the winter of 2005 in
757:and are being implemented in
739:The High Cost of Free Parking
260:In the U.S., after the first
3062:International Driving Permit
2920:Assured clear distance ahead
2734:School bus traffic stop laws
2719:Left- and right-hand traffic
2684:Assured clear distance ahead
1968:Vega, Cecilia (2006-02-07).
1636:10.1016/j.ecotra.2014.11.001
974:
938:Compact cars: 50% to 60% off
772:
736:in 2005 argued in his book,
418:
413:
408:
378:
251:multi-storey parking garages
7:
3077:Driving licences by country
3042:Commercial driver's license
2788:Rules of the Road (Ireland)
2059:Barter, Paul (2014-06-04).
1723:"Global Parking Index 2019"
1624:Economics of Transportation
1543:"The Guide to Parking Lots"
1485:Untermann, Richard (1997).
1370:Hagman, Olle (2006-03-01).
1345:Paul, Barter (2013-02-22).
1122:
989:
367:Peer-to-peer shared parking
62:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3305:
3052:Graduated driver licensing
2925:National Maximum Speed Law
2390:Bill, Tony, 1940- (2008).
1057:Automated Parking Guidance
1017:
978:
886:
854:
826:
25:
18:
3206:
3178:
3123:
3090:
3032:
2985:Mobile phones and driving
2953:
2900:
2796:
2757:
2669:
2563:
2558:
2394:. New York: Workman Pub.
1618:Inci, Eren (2015-03-01).
1388:10.1080/17450100500489247
1280:Residential zoned parking
3248:"How's my driving?" sign
3105:Driver License Agreement
3047:European driving licence
2777:The Highway Code (Malta)
2596:. Penguin Random House.
2533:10.1088/1742-5468/ab3a2a
1878:Mapes, Jennifer (2006).
1831:. Expresspark.lacity.org
1442:www.britishparking.co.uk
1438:"How parking is managed"
1203:Karpatiosorbus admonitor
1135:Automated parking system
908:Shortage of parking lots
866:
755:Redwood City, California
720:Parking price elasticity
329:automated parking system
239:Parking lots and garages
21:Parking (disambiguation)
3143:Disabled parking permit
2940:Speed limits by country
2935:Speed limit enforcement
1990:Barrrett, Kirk (2018).
1462:"Parallel Parking | AA"
1175:Disabled parking permit
1165:Controlled parking zone
1155:Bicycle parking station
336:Utrecht Central station
226:controlled parking zone
158:University of Minnesota
3226:Drivers' working hours
3198:Clunk Click Every Trip
3133:Alternate-side parking
3110:Driver License Compact
2819:Field sobriety testing
2590:Grabar, Henry (2023).
2269:"Cruising for parking"
2235:10.5198/jtlu.2017.1142
1704:. Constantine Valhouli
1130:Alternate side parking
1041:
1002:
808:
750:
708:
388:
360:Meet and Greet Parking
308:
303:A station car park in
203:
172:
160:
149:
138:
103:
2990:Texting while driving
2910:85th percentile speed
2724:Bidirectional traffic
2709:New Zealand Road Code
2689:Australian Road Rules
1300:Women's parking space
1220:Multi-storey car park
1145:Back-in angle parking
1114:romantic comedy films
1088:and garages that use
1036:
998:Long-stay parking at
997:
806:
748:
705:
386:
325:bicycle parking racks
302:
262:public parking garage
201:
166:
155:
144:
132:
101:
3237:Epilepsy and driving
2915:Advisory speed limit
2840:Road traffic control
2623:Etymology of Parking
2109:Parking Reform Atlas
799:Parking restrictions
363:Park and Fly Parking
133:A parking garage in
68:create a new article
60:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
3263:Slow moving vehicle
3253:Old age and driving
2804:Parking enforcement
2525:2019JSMTE..09.3404K
2482:. 20 September 2019
1829:"LADOT ParkingInfo"
1351:Reinventing parking
1330:Lay, M. G. (1992).
1326:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1225:Omniview technology
1215:Men's parking space
924:There are not many
729:Performance parking
255:underground parking
190:or parking garage.
171:in a parking garage
3221:Digital tachograph
3193:Click It or Ticket
3019:Vehicular homicide
2980:Distracted driving
1042:
1020:Parking Generation
1003:
850:Parking by country
809:
751:
709:
393:Intermediate goods
389:
309:
204:
173:
161:
150:
139:
125:Parking facilities
110:design and use of
104:
3276:
3275:
3180:Automotive safety
3165:Parking violation
3024:Wrong-way driving
2955:Moving violations
2671:Rules of the road
2586:
2585:
2446:Los Angeles Times
1513:NJ Spotlight News
1270:Parking violation
1230:Overspill parking
1140:Automatic parking
1000:Edinburgh Airport
944:supermarket chain
761:and Los Angeles.
700:
699:
194:On-street parking
96:
95:
88:
70:, as appropriate.
3296:
3242:Hours of service
3067:Learner's permit
3034:Driver licensing
2997:Reckless driving
2963:Impaired driving
2809:Impaired driving
2782:Road Users' Code
2772:The Highway Code
2759:Road user guides
2699:Green Cross Code
2652:
2645:
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2607:
2568:
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2305:
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2273:Transport Policy
2264:
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2201:
2178:Transport Policy
2169:
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2056:
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2049:
2018:Transport Policy
2009:
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1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
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1965:
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1884:Material Culture
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1408:
1407:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1322:
1275:Predatory towing
1235:Parallel parking
1102:available spot.
1090:variable pricing
1010:passengers too.
406:
405:
342:Types of parking
268:, May 24, 1898,
91:
84:
80:
77:
71:
43:
42:
35:
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3303:
3299:
3298:
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3272:
3202:
3174:
3119:
3086:
3028:
2949:
2896:
2835:Pretextual stop
2792:
2767:Driver's manual
2753:
2665:
2656:
2614:
2604:
2577:, June 11, 2023
2565:
2559:External videos
2554:
2552:Further reading
2549:
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2415:
2414:
2402:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2344:BostonGlobe.com
2338:
2337:
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2313:
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2139:
2138:
2134:
2130:- Stripes Korea
2126:
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2111:
2103:
2102:
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2089:
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2057:
2053:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1948:Washington Post
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1876:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1849:Shriver, Adam.
1847:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1749:, p. 76. 1999.
1744:
1737:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1673:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1549:on 2 April 2015
1541:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1426:Donald C. Shoup
1418:
1411:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1339:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1150:Bicycle parking
1125:
1031:
1029:Finding parking
1022:
1016:
992:
983:
977:
972:
922:
920:Discount system
910:
905:
896:
891:
885:
873:shako shomeisho
869:
857:
852:
835:"demand manage"
831:
825:
801:
775:
734:Donald C. Shoup
731:
722:
381:
344:
321:
319:Bicycle parking
297:
289:
241:
220:facility; or a
196:
127:
92:
81:
75:
72:
57:
44:
40:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3234:
3232:Drowsy driving
3229:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:Seat belt laws
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:Double parking
3152:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:Brake checking
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2887:Traffic ticket
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:Highway patrol
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Boulevard rule
2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2612:External links
2610:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2584:
2583:
2575:Paved Paradise
2561:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2493:
2465:
2448:. 2002-03-30.
2433:
2400:
2382:
2356:
2331:
2306:
2279:(6): 479–486.
2259:
2203:
2184:(6): 511–521.
2161:
2132:
2120:
2096:
2072:
2051:
2004:
1982:
1960:
1950:. pp. A02
1934:
1909:
1890:(2): 100–102.
1867:
1841:
1820:
1795:
1770:
1758:
1735:
1714:
1693:
1667:
1649:
1607:
1582:
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1500:
1477:
1453:
1429:
1409:
1362:
1337:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Shared parking
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1197:Garage parking
1194:
1187:
1185:Double parking
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1086:parking meters
1071:connected cars
1030:
1027:
1018:Main article:
1015:
1012:
991:
988:
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940:
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933:
921:
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904:
901:
895:
892:
887:Main article:
884:
883:United Kingdom
881:
868:
865:
856:
853:
851:
848:
827:Main article:
824:
821:
800:
797:
774:
771:
730:
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718:
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697:
694:
691:
687:
686:
683:
680:
679:United States
676:
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613:United States
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591:United States
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492:United Kingdom
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459:United States
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380:
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373:Parking spaces
370:
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364:
361:
358:
353:
343:
340:
320:
317:
296:
293:
288:
287:Fringe parking
285:
270:livery stables
240:
237:
195:
192:
184:
183:
180:
126:
123:
119:car dependency
112:parking spaces
94:
93:
76:September 2024
54:of the subject
52:worldwide view
47:
45:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3161:
3160:Parking chair
3158:
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3153:
3149:
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3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
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3134:
3131:
3130:
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3025:
3022:
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3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Street racing
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2973:United States
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2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:Traffic guard
2875:
2873:
2872:Traffic court
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
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2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Move over law
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
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2639:
2634:
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2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2603:9781984881137
2599:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2509:(9): 093404.
2508:
2504:
2497:
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2480:
2475:
2469:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2401:9780761156307
2397:
2393:
2386:
2371:
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2255:
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2212:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
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2179:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2151:on 2014-01-01
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2110:
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2086:
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2076:
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2729:Right-of-way
2679:All-way stop
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1922:the original
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1855:ResearchGate
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1808:the original
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1783:the original
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1725:. Parkopedia
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1630:(1): 50–63.
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1547:the original
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1515:. 2020-07-21
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1382:(1): 63–74.
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1210:Lovers' lane
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169:car elevator
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29:Free Parking
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3268:Vision Zero
3208:Road safety
3170:Wheel clamp
2930:School zone
2902:Speed limit
2860:Enforcement
2797:Enforcement
2784:(Hong Kong)
2744:Turn on red
2659:Traffic law
1686:17 November
1245:Parking lot
1064:Mobile apps
914:South Korea
903:South Korea
660:Los Angeles
547:Netherlands
222:permit zone
188:parking lot
146:Parking lot
3216:Tachograph
3014:Tailgating
2850:Textalyzer
2845:Terry stop
2714:Overtaking
2516:1904.06612
2459:2019-06-18
2375:13 October
2349:13 October
2324:13 October
2319:Boston.com
2155:2012-04-21
2114:2024-06-19
2090:2024-06-19
2066:2024-06-19
1997:6 February
1976:2008-04-10
1954:2008-04-10
1928:2008-04-10
1860:13 October
1835:2013-01-12
1814:2013-01-12
1789:2013-01-12
1729:2021-01-21
1708:2021-09-13
1601:2021-10-24
1519:2021-10-24
1471:2021-10-24
1447:2021-10-24
1376:Mobilities
1356:2021-11-09
1312:References
1305:Zone Bleue
1014:Statistics
979:See also:
594:Baltimore
135:Gloucester
3258:Road rage
2865:Red light
2541:118597754
2454:0458-3035
2418:cite book
2410:759839493
2293:0967-070X
2254:1938-7849
2198:0967-070X
2085:JDM 4 all
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2038:0967-070X
2024:: 23–33.
1896:0883-3680
1644:2212-0122
1404:111368651
1396:1745-0101
1191:Franelero
1160:Car condo
1108:Doris Day
1075:Internavi
975:Hospitals
773:Geography
627:Auckland
583:San Diego
550:Amsterdam
473:Melbourne
470:Australia
448:Australia
437:Australia
379:Economics
137:, England
64:talk page
3283:Category
3228:(Europe)
2479:Phys.org
2370:Autoblog
2301:18868912
1904:29764358
1804:"SFpark"
1575:27 March
1553:27 March
1497:: 12–14.
1123:See also
1046:cruising
990:Airports
877:Kei cars
779:land use
714:fuel tax
682:Seattle
671:Toronto
649:Montreal
619:$ 10.10
608:$ 10.10
597:$ 10.45
586:$ 10.80
575:$ 10.99
564:$ 11.10
553:$ 11.11
542:$ 11.87
531:$ 12.09
520:$ 14.77
509:$ 15.56
498:$ 16.92
487:$ 18.36
476:$ 19.87
465:$ 20.08
462:Chicago
454:$ 20.55
451:Brisbane
443:$ 27.37
432:$ 34.94
429:New York
233:Parklets
58:You may
3289:Parking
3125:Parking
2892:Warning
2571:Q&A
2521:Bibcode
2145:The Age
1110:parking
855:Germany
696:$ 9.25
690:Norway
685:$ 9.34
674:$ 9.51
668:Canada
663:$ 9.56
652:$ 9.66
641:$ 9.69
638:Calgary
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616:Newark
410:Country
305:Hamburg
107:Parking
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2855:Camera
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707:costs.
646:Canada
635:Canada
602:France
539:Denver
495:London
484:Boston
440:Sydney
266:Boston
2537:S2CID
2511:arXiv
2297:S2CID
2228:(1).
2042:S2CID
1900:JSTOR
1658:"IPI"
1400:S2CID
1069:Some
867:Japan
693:Oslo
605:Paris
561:Miami
528:Tokyo
525:Japan
420:Price
66:, or
3244:(US)
2661:and
2598:ISBN
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2428:link
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