39:
267:
Among their successful legal reforms was the changing of Civil Code 57 from "a husband must protect his wife and she must obey him" to "the husband and wife must mutually protect and consider each other" and the deletion of Penal Code 438, in which "a husband who kills his adulterous wife and lover
288:
working at his printing press, "spending a long, cruel summer of three years observing intransigence, stupidity and cruelty, irrespective of ideologies." His publishing house was destroyed during a bombing raid, and he had to return to his old job at the post office. Rafael died in 1943, a broken
196:
In 1913 she married Rafael Caro Raggio, an editor with whom she shared artistic and intellectual interests. On 14 November 1914, her first son Julio was born, followed by
Ricardo, Baroja and PĂo. For next several years, she focused on her duties as a wife and mother. In 1917, her husband, Rafael,
156:
and music. Thanks to her father's love for theatre and music she regularly attended concerts and theatrical productions. At this time, both her brothers were gaining prominence on the cultural scene, with
Ricardo becoming recognized as a painter and PĂo having his first literary works published.
247:
Even though its lectures and talks were open only by invitation, the Lyceum Club was perceived to represent a threat to decent bourgeois society, challenging as it did the gendered boundaries of cultural activity. The reaction of Madrid's literary elite was varied; while writers such as
208:, a feminist cultural association seeking to defend women's social and moral equality, and have full integration in education and work. Made up of artists, doctors, lawyers, politicians, scientists and writers, its members included
316:. She was excited about her house and land and enjoyed the simple pleasures like sitting under the walnut trees on a peaceful afternoon. After a few years, she began to get ill and after two operations, Baroja died of
301:, their records burned, and the group disbanded, with most members going abroad or into exile. Throughout the war, the building had been left intact, not even a teaspoon missing.
325:
457:
320:
on 4 June 1950. Of her four children, only Julio and her youngest, PĂo, survived. Her other two children, Ricardo and Baroja, had died. Her manuscript,
188:. When she returned to Madrid, she devoted herself entirely to her work as a goldsmith artisan making jewelry as well as a reputation for herself.
586:
328:
and published for the first time in
December 1998, putting an end to the silence and near invisibility of an intelligent and talented woman.
667:
148:
to help her aunt, Juana Nessi, in her bakery, Viena
Capellanes, after the death of her husband, MatĂas Lacasa. Her early education was at
662:
157:
Through them, she came into contact with artists, writers and intellectuals who were shaping the new cultural world of Spain.
409:
121:. When it closed down after six issues, her father went back to his profession as a mining engineer and took the family to
324:(Memories of a Woman of the Generation of '98), an autobiography about the lives of men and women she knew, was edited by
573:
489:
672:
464:
521:
435:
264:, whose description of the Lyceum Club members as '"tontas y locas"' (fools and madwomen) is now infamous.
590:
184:
with PĂo and studied art at the student residence of
Jacqueline Paulhan, whose husband was the aviator
549:
176:
and despite her mother's opposition, she began to work with metals and enamels. In 1906, she went to
642:
241:
249:
229:
225:
165:
97:
writer and poet who made his living as a mining engineer, and Carmen Nessi y Goñia, a woman of
629:
410:"Editorial Caro Raggio Madrid. Los Baroja en internet. Catlogo, Libros, Artculos, Novedades"
682:
677:
436:"CVC. Rinconete. Literatura. Intelectuales de la Edad de Plata (17). Carmen Baroja y Nessi"
169:
8:
213:
617:
78:
517:
317:
298:
277:
261:
257:
114:
74:
297:
After the war, the building that had housed the Lyceum Club was appropriated by the
237:
413:
233:
138:
209:
204:
In 1926, Baroja rejoined active public life by participating in the creation the
153:
110:
217:
38:
253:
102:
90:
66:
397:
The
Workings of Memory: life-writing by women in early twentieth-century Spain
656:
392:
281:
221:
185:
161:
98:
94:
497:
260:
presented lectures at the Lyceum. Others were less supportive, most notably
70:
20:
134:
313:
621:
304:
In 1947, Baroja bought a house on a 57-acre (23 ha) olive grove in
126:
122:
58:
280:
caught everyone by surprise. Baroja was living with her children in
332:
305:
149:
118:
50:
24:
285:
177:
173:
145:
130:
54:
181:
105:
descent. At the time of her birth, her father was editing
375:, (1998; Memories of a Woman of the Generation of 1898)
201:, which became a thriving business within three years.
164:and her brother PĂo recommended that she go to the
550:"Julia Escobar - Carmen Baroja, una mujer del 98"
654:
31: and the second or maternal family name is
537:Recuerdo de una mujer de la generaciĂłn del 98
373:Recuerdo de una mujer de la generaciĂłn del 98
322:Recuerdo de una mujer de la generaciĂłn del 98
363:(1945; Popular Jewels and Magical Amulets)
172:. After fully recovering, she returned to
117:) bilingual periodical to be published in
152:girls' schools, with private lessons in
37:
655:
587:"Los Baroja en Tendilla (Guadalajara)"
191:
271:
65:. She was the sister of the writers
73:, and mother of the anthropologist
13:
361:Joyas populares y amuletos mágicos
357:(1942; Martinito of the Big House)
268:shall be punished by banishment".
197:inaugurated his publishing house,
14:
694:
89:Baroja was the youngest child of
668:Spanish women children's writers
463:. Vision.csic.es. Archived from
605:
579:
412:. Losbaroja.com. Archived from
284:while her husband stayed on in
567:
542:
529:
511:
482:
450:
428:
402:
386:
355:Martinito el de la casa grande
61:who wrote under the pseudonym
16:Spanish writer and ethnologist
1:
379:
144:In 1894, her family moved to
84:
496:. 2013-06-15. Archived from
369:(1995; Three Barojas: Poems)
292:
23:, the first or paternal
7:
612:"Recuerdos de una muj...".
342:
57:) was a Spanish writer and
10:
699:
663:Spanish children's writers
310:El Parador del TĂo Ruperto
18:
337:Calle Carmen Baroja Nessi
673:Spanish feminist writers
589:. Uam.es. Archived from
160:In 1902, she contracted
276:The early start of the
230:Maria de Maeztu Whitney
637:Cite journal requires
490:"Lyceum club Femenino"
339:, is named after her.
242:Isabel Oyarzábal Smith
166:Monastery of El Paular
43:
554:La Ilustracin Liberal
535:Carmen Baroja Nessi,
520:, Speech reported in
351:(1933; Lace in Spain)
250:Federico GarcĂa Lorca
199:Editorial Caro Raggio
41:
574:Lyceum club Femenino
458:"Mujey Hoy magazine"
367:Tres Barojas: poemas
170:Sierra de Guadarrama
526:, December 22, 1936
349:El encaje en España
326:Amparo Hurtado DĂaz
312:in the province of
206:Lyceum Woman's Club
192:Lyceum Woman's Club
47:Carmen Baroja Nessi
523:Solidaridad Obrera
438:. Cvc.cervantes.es
399:, (2008), p. 46-47
77:and film director
44:
518:Federica Montseny
318:intestinal cancer
278:Spanish Civil War
272:Spanish Civil War
262:Jacinto Benavente
258:Miguel de Unamuno
226:MarĂa Teresa LeĂłn
75:Julio Caro Baroja
690:
647:
646:
640:
635:
633:
625:
609:
603:
602:
600:
598:
583:
577:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
546:
540:
533:
527:
515:
509:
508:
506:
505:
500:on June 15, 2013
486:
480:
479:
477:
475:
469:
462:
454:
448:
447:
445:
443:
432:
426:
425:
423:
421:
406:
400:
390:
238:Margarita Nelken
214:Zenobia CamprubĂ
698:
697:
693:
692:
691:
689:
688:
687:
653:
652:
651:
650:
638:
636:
627:
626:
611:
610:
606:
596:
594:
593:on 10 July 2015
585:
584:
580:
572:
568:
558:
556:
548:
547:
543:
534:
530:
516:
512:
503:
501:
488:
487:
483:
473:
471:
470:on 4 March 2016
467:
460:
456:
455:
451:
441:
439:
434:
433:
429:
419:
417:
416:on 3 March 2016
408:
407:
403:
391:
387:
382:
345:
295:
282:Vera de Bidasoa
274:
210:Clara Campoamor
194:
107:Bai, Juana, Bai
87:
79:PĂo Caro Baroja
53:– 4 June 1950,
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
696:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
649:
648:
639:|journal=
604:
578:
566:
541:
528:
510:
481:
449:
427:
401:
384:
383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
344:
341:
294:
291:
273:
270:
254:Rafael Alberti
193:
190:
91:Serafin Baroja
86:
83:
67:Ricardo Baroja
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
695:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
658:
644:
631:
623:
619:
615:
608:
592:
588:
582:
575:
570:
555:
551:
545:
538:
532:
525:
524:
519:
514:
499:
495:
491:
485:
466:
459:
453:
437:
431:
415:
411:
405:
398:
394:
393:Sarah Leggott
389:
385:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
346:
340:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
290:
287:
283:
279:
269:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
245:
243:
239:
235:
234:Concha MĂ©ndez
231:
227:
223:
222:Victoria Kent
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
189:
187:
186:Louis Paulhan
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:typhoid fever
158:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
139:San Sebastián
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:, the first (
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:Carmen Baroja
40:
34:
30:
26:
22:
630:cite journal
613:
607:
595:. Retrieved
591:the original
581:
576:, MadriPedia
569:
557:. Retrieved
553:
544:
536:
531:
522:
513:
502:. Retrieved
498:the original
493:
484:
472:. Retrieved
465:the original
452:
440:. Retrieved
430:
418:. Retrieved
414:the original
404:
396:
388:
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
336:
335:, a street,
330:
321:
309:
303:
296:
275:
266:
246:
218:Elena FortĂşn
205:
203:
198:
195:
159:
143:
106:
88:
62:
46:
45:
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
683:1950 deaths
678:1883 births
616:: 609–612.
314:Guadalajara
63:Vera Alzate
59:ethnologist
657:Categories
597:9 December
559:9 December
504:2015-10-24
494:Madripedia
474:9 December
442:9 December
420:9 December
380:References
85:Early life
71:PĂo Baroja
308:known as
293:Afterward
135:GuipĂşzcoa
123:Burjassot
115:Castilian
622:27741487
539:, (1998)
343:Writings
333:Pamplona
306:Tendilla
150:Catholic
127:València
119:Pamplona
51:Pamplona
19:In this
299:Falange
168:in the
131:Cestona
103:Italian
49:(1883,
25:surname
620:
286:Madrid
240:, and
178:London
174:Madrid
154:French
146:Madrid
137:, and
111:Basque
99:Basque
95:Basque
55:Madrid
29:Baroja
618:JSTOR
468:(PDF)
461:(PDF)
289:man.
182:Paris
125:near
33:Nessi
643:help
599:2014
561:2014
476:2014
444:2014
422:2014
256:and
180:and
101:and
93:, a
69:and
331:In
133:in
27:is
659::
634::
632:}}
628:{{
614:25
552:.
492:.
395:,
252:,
244:.
236:,
232:,
228:,
224:,
220:,
216:,
212:,
141:.
129:,
81:.
645:)
641:(
624:.
601:.
563:.
507:.
478:.
446:.
424:.
113:-
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
