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At the start of World War I, Carlshof consisted of 500 hectares (1,200 acres) acreage in agricultural use for occupational therapy and housed 1,500 patients. Carlshof was partially damaged in August 1914 and occupied by
Russian troops until early September 1914, the harvest was largely destroyed by a
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started a criminal investigation against the director, Heinz
Dembowski, and several members of the staff accusing them of "anti-state behaviour". In a board-meeting of the Carlshof Diaconal Institutions in March 1939, Dembowski was supposed to be replaced by a director closely associated with the
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Ein
Vierteljahrhundert später tauchten in einem zuvor nicht erschlossenen Sammelkonvolut in den US National Archives in Washington, D.C. fünf Röntgenaufnahmen auf, drei davon angefertigt am 19. September 1944 und die beiden anderen am 21. Oktober 1944 im Reservelazarett Karlshof in
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NSV. The attempt failed, and
Dembowski was finally ousted by a Gestapo decree, Carlshof was expropriated to the benefit of the East Prussian provincial government. 900 patients were sent to other psychiatric hospitals across East Prussia, 66 of them were deported to
310:) released 200 patients for the lack of housing capacity in 1881, the Superintendent of Rastenburg, Christian Klapp (1832-1905), initiated a support program and bought the estate of Carlshof near Rastenburg. On 4 November 1881 the
333:
In 1884, accommodations for up to 150 homeless were built, and in 1890, an asylum for alcoholics was added. In 1905, a reformatory for 80 adolescents was added. In 1898, the
Carlshof Institutions housed 554 patients. A
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aimed at a repression of confessionally operated institutions. From 1937 on, Erich Koch initiated the increased transfer of mentally ill to
Carlshof, which had been largely specialized on epilepsy before. In 1938, the
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529:"Wird heute nach einer Landes-Heil- und Pflegeanstalt in Sachsen überführt" – Die Ermordung ostpreußischer Patienten in der nationalsozialistischen Tötungsanstalt Pirna-Sonnenstein im Jahre 1941
557:
Topp, Sascha; Fuchs, Petra; Hohendorf, Gerrit; Richter, Paul; Rotzoll, Maike (2008). "Die
Provinz OstpreuĂźen und die nationalsozialistische "Euthanasie": SS - "Aktion Lange" und "Aktion T4"".
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decided to support the project and in
October 1882 (or 1883) the first 36 epileptic patients were accommodated in Carlshof. Thirty of them initially originated from East and
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fire. After World War I, Carlshof did not return to the former importance and numbers of patients. As of 1928, Carlshof held a capacity of 850 beds and housed 799 patients.
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between 21 and 31 May 1940 and murdered in a group of 1,558 inmates of East
Prussian psychiatric hospitals. Many of the remaining patients were most likely killed in the
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for his flight from and to Berlin. Hitler and the members of his staff wounded by
Stauffenberg's bomb were treated in the Carlshof military hospital;
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249:(Kętrzyn). Carlshof housed up to 1,500 inmates from all over East Prussia and specialized in treating patients with
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245:(Karolewo, Poland). Founded in 1882, it was located about 3 km (1.9 mi) east of the town center of
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died here. In September and October 1944, five x-rays of Hitler's skull were made in the Carlshof hospital.
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381:(NSV) and the East Prussian provincial government tried to expand their influence on Carlshof, especially
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ward and quarters for the educations of deacons of the Inner Mission completed the Diaconal Institutions.
434:'s plane crash on 8 February 1942, the victims of the crash were laid out in the former Carlshof chapel.
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as 2/3 of all inmates of East Prussian psychiatric hospitals died between 1940 and 1942.
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on 11 February 1941, which used the buildings as military hospital and barracks for the
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373:(Wilamowo) had to be sold on political compulsion and was used for the construction of
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executed in the municipal hospital of Rastenburg. In 1934, the outlying estate of
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persons. In World War II, Carlshof served as a military hospital and barracks for
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430:. Wilhelmsdorf became the airfield of Hitler's headquarters and the place of
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in 1933, 53 patients of Carlshof – 35 female and 18 male – were victims of
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586:"Zu dem Attentat im FĂĽhrerhauptquartier "Wolfsschanze" am 20. Juli 1944"
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461:, an agricultural school was established on the clinic grounds.
531:(in German). Leipziger Universitätsverlag. pp. 41 ff.
679:"Warum zeigten Hitlers Zähne einen "bläulichen Schimmer""
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Wolfsschanze – Hitlers Machtzentrale im Zweiten Weltkrieg
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367:
Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring
591:(in German). Vierteljahreshefte fĂĽr Zeitgeschichte: 273.
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Böhm, Boris; Markwardt, Hagen; Rottleb, Ulrich (2015).
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remained the role model of the Carlshof Institutions.
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629:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag. pp. 59, 93.
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308:Provinzial-Armen und Siechenhaus Tapiau
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677:Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (23 May 2018).
650:Eberle, Henrik; Uhl, Matthias (2005).
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486:Ostpreußen – Biographie einer Provinz
62:Location on a map of interwar Germany
721:Hospital buildings completed in 1882
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379:National Socialist People's Welfare
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16:Hospital in Carlshof, East Prussia
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459:expulsion of the local population
353:in the Carlshof military hospital
751:Psychiatric hospitals in Germany
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418:Carlshof was taken over by the
35:Carlshöfer Anstalten about 1914
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559:Medizinhistorisches Journal 43
273:'s nearby headquarters at the
90:Carlshof Institutions (Poland)
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726:Hospitals established in 1882
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489:(in German). be.bra Verlag.
326:. Bethel and the concept of
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656:(in German). Bastei LĂĽbbe.
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215:(1945 as military hospital)
10:
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700:70-lecie ZSCKR w Karolewie
571:10.25162/medhist-2008-0002
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483:Pölking, Hermann (2012).
438:used the airfield in the
396:Soldau concentration camp
312:Lutheran provincial synod
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584:Hoffmann, Peter (1964).
363:compulsory sterilization
351:Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer
623:Neumärker, Uwe (2012).
414:X-ray of Hitler's skull
255:intellectual disability
604:Cite journal requires
436:Claus von Stauffenberg
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318:and returned from the
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406:Wolfsschanze hospital
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294:Diaconal Institutions
223:Carlshof Institutions
22:Carlshof Institutions
257:; it also cared for
231:Carlshöfer Anstalten
24:Carlshöfer Anstalten
731:FĂĽhrer Headquarters
457:In 1947, after the
375:Rastenburg airfield
146:54.0741°N 21.4218°E
142: /
65:Show map of Germany
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300:Tapiau (Gvardeysk)
118:(Karolewo, Poland)
93:Show map of Poland
663:978-3-73251-373-4
636:978-3-86153-433-4
538:978-3-86583-976-3
496:978-3-89809-108-4
320:Bethel Foundation
235:diaconal hospital
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452:Heinz Brandt
440:20 July plot
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371:Wilhelmsdorf
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336:tuberculosis
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316:West Prussia
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283:Wolfsschanze
243:East Prussia
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116:East Prussia
703:(in Polish)
688:Rastenburg.
428:Wolf's Lair
349:Hitler and
302:infirmary (
275:Wolf's Lair
176:799 (1928)
174:1500 (1914)
149: /
124:Coordinates
715:Categories
465:References
432:Fritz Todt
386:Erich Koch
298:After the
259:alcoholics
247:Rastenburg
178:900 (1939)
172:554 (1898)
170:36 (1882)
137:21°25′18″E
134:54°04′27″N
746:Aktion T4
565:: 20–55.
424:SS guards
400:Aktion T4
383:Gauleiter
324:Bielefeld
103:Geography
683:Die Welt
426:of the
267:homeless
251:epilepsy
239:Carlshof
233:) was a
162:Services
112:Carlshof
108:Location
391:Gestapo
289:History
263:elderly
209: (
195:1882-10
193: (
183:History
660:
633:
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450:, and
377:. The
304:German
279:German
271:Hitler
227:German
204:Closed
199:(1883)
188:Opened
589:(PDF)
322:near
658:ISBN
631:ISBN
610:help
533:ISBN
491:ISBN
253:and
221:The
211:1940
207:1940
167:Beds
567:doi
285:).
237:in
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547:^
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420:SS
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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