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The secular clergy and the remaining regular clergy, fearing possible royal action against them, began to speak against the regime in sermons and other public acts. The viceroy took this seriously enough that he warned of punishments for those religious who got mixed up in affairs of government. His
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These measures provoked a rebellion, especially in the cities of
Guanajuato, PĂĄtzcuaro, Valladolid and Uruapan. The viceroy and the visitador dealt severely with the rebels, hanging the leaders. In ordering the expulsion, the viceroy divulged the royal disposition in a message that ended with these
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were first noted. (Criollos were
Europeans born in New Spain, and Peninsulares were Europeans born in Iberia.) The disturbances at the time of the expulsion of the Jesuits led to some murders of Peninsulares and to the destruction of images of the king. Viceroy de Croix was aware of this, and
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to suppress it (April 14, 1767). Visitador GĂĄlvez joined this expedition in order to get to know that part of the colony. GĂĄlvez also traveled to Baja
California and Alta California, in order to establish defenses against Russian encroachment from the north.
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De Croix established the lottery in 1769, which brought considerable income to the treasury. In 1770 he increased efforts to teach
Spanish to the Indians, with the construction of special schools for this purpose. He constructed the castle of San Carlos in
193:. Troops were used to remove the Jesuits from their monasteries and colleges; they were allowed to leave with scarcely the clothes on their backs. They were escorted to Veracruz and deported to Italy. Among the Jesuits expelled were Fathers
213:"... once and for the future, the subjects of the great monarch who occupies the throne of Spain, should know that they were born to be silent and obey and not to discusse, nor to comment on the high affairs of the government."
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arrived at
Veracruz June 18, 1768, and those of Zamora, Guadalajara, Castile and Granada arrived later. In total, these included 10,000 men. Because of their white uniforms, these troops were known as
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to the public. In 1771 he opened the fourth
Council of Mexico of the Roman Catholic clergy. It concluded October 26, 1771, but its deliberations did not receive the approval of the pope or the
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He asked that the salary of the viceroy be increased from 40,000 to 60,000 pesos annually, and this request was granted. He introduced to New Spain French fashions and French cuisine.
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on
September 2, 1771, and returned to Spain. Upon his return to Spain, King Charles III named him captain general of Valencia, where he died a few years later.
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On March 17, 1768, the college of surgery was established by royal order in the Royal
Hospital in Mexico City. The first director was
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Carlos
Francisco de Croix served in the Spanish army, where he rose to the rank of general. He was commandant of the garrison in
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De Croix received the troops sent from Spain to defend the colony against potential
British attacks. The infantry regiments of
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The sole principle of his administration was absolute obedience to the king, whom he always referred to as "mi amo".
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321:. There were disturbances in the mines of Guanajuato and Pachuca, over the low wages paid to miners. One
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The king, in addition to expelling the Jesuits, also gave his support and protection to the Inquisition.
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from the colony (June 25, 1767) and confiscate their properties. In this he was aided by the
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as viceroy of New Spain,, making him the first foreign-born viceroy of Spain. He arrived in
143:. He was serving in Galicia at the time of his appointment to the viceroyalty of New Spain.
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283:, heroine of Mexican independence, was born September 8, 1768, in Valladolid (Morelia).
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On May 18, 1771, the Spanish government reduced the silver content in coins to 7.12%.
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was killed at Pachuca. De Croix got the mine-owners to agree to an increase in wages.
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Indians had resumed their revolt, and the viceroy sent an expeditionary column to
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on July 10, 1766. The transfer of power occurred at Otumba, en route to
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205:, distinguished scholars. The College of San Ildefonso was closed.
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Carlos Francisco de Croix, marqués de Croix, Viceroy of New Spain
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302:. The officers of the Zamora regiment organized the militias.
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included information about it in a secret report to King
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The First Bishop of Sonora: Antonio de los Reyes, O.F.M
388:(0 ed.). University of Arizona Press. p. 8.
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241:censorship reached the level of suppressing the
109:Carlos Francisco de Croix, 1st Marquess of Croix
57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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18:Carlos Francisco de Croix, marqués de Croix
486:
472:
424:, v. 1. Mexico City: JoaquĂn Porrua, 1984.
452:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985,
434:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1988,
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
963:Francisco Novella Azabal PĂ©rez y Sicardo
317:by militia under the command of Captain
131:Military career and arrival in New Spain
123:), was a Spanish general and viceroy of
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14:
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943:Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
787:Juan Antonio de VizarrĂłn y Eguiarreta
467:
383:
29:
217:At this time the conflicts between
162:, future Commandant General of the
24:
277:, rector of the College of CĂĄdiz.
253:Later events in his administration
25:
1030:
958:Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza
855:Antonio MarĂa de Bucareli y UrsĂșa
365:Antonio MarĂa de Bucareli y UrsĂșa
689:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
536:
529:
384:Stagg, Albert L. (1 June 1976).
247:JosĂ© Antonio de Alzate y RamĂrez
34:
880:Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado
767:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
679:Francisco FernĂĄndez de la Cueva
875:Alonso NĂșñez de Haro y Peralta
410:"Croix, Carlos Francisco de",
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354:, and they never took effect.
13:
1:
821:AgustĂn de Ahumada y VillalĂłn
664:GarcĂa Sarmiento de Sotomayor
370:
363:He turned over his office to
840:Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
7:
1019:Captain Generals of Galicia
953:FĂ©lix MarĂa Calleja del Rey
914:FĂ©lix Berenguer de Marquina
904:Miguel de la GrĂșa Talamanca
870:Bernardo de GĂĄlvez y Madrid
865:MatĂas de GĂĄlvez y Gallardo
743:José Sarmiento y Valladares
694:Antonio SebastiĂĄn de Toledo
432:Fechas HistĂłricas de MĂ©xico
336:He doubled the area of the
10:
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620:Diego FernĂĄndez de CĂłrdoba
561:MartĂn EnrĂquez de Almanza
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448:Orozco Linares, Fernando,
414:, v. 4. Mexico City, 1987.
199:Francisco Javier Clavijero
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850:Carlos Francisco de Croix
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684:Juan de Leyva de la Cerda
659:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
639:Diego Carrillo de Mendoza
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576:Ălvaro Manrique de ZĂșñiga
566:Lorenzo SuĂĄrez de Mendoza
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281:Josefa Ortiz de DomĂnguez
948:Francisco Javier Venegas
860:MartĂn de Mayorga Ferrer
816:Juan Francisco de GĂŒemes
669:Marcos de Torres y Rueda
422:MĂ©xico y sus gobernantes
177:Expulsion of the Jesuits
43:This article includes a
797:Pedro CebriĂĄn y AgustĂn
718:Payo EnrĂquez de Rivera
674:Luis EnrĂquez de GuzmĂĄn
649:Lope DĂez de ArmendĂĄriz
571:Pedro Moya de Contreras
203:Francisco Javier Alegre
72:more precise citations.
968:Juan O'DonojĂș y O'Ryan
899:Juan Vicente de GĂŒemes
772:Fernando de Alencastre
762:Juan Ortega y Montañés
738:Juan Ortega y Montañés
605:Juan de Mendoza y Luna
420:GarcĂa Puron, Manuel,
412:Enciclopedia de MĂ©xico
338:Alameda in Mexico City
215:
146:In 1766, he succeeded
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1009:Viceroys of New Spain
909:Miguel José de Azanza
845:JoaquĂn de Montserrat
450:Gobernantes de MĂ©xico
430:Orozco L., Fernando,
352:Council of the Indies
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189:(inspector general),
148:JoaquĂn de Montserrat
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728:Melchor Portocarrero
181:It fell to Croix to
1004:Marquesses of Spain
919:José de Iturrigaray
654:Diego LĂłpez Pacheco
164:Provincias Internas
777:Baltasar de ZĂșñiga
733:Gaspar de la Cerda
516:Antonio de Mendoza
319:Bernardo de GĂĄlvez
106:
45:list of references
27:Mexican politician
999:People from Lille
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723:TomĂĄs de la Cerda
556:GastĂłn de Peralta
395:978-0-8165-0549-4
340:, and closed the
313:were defeated in
183:expel the Jesuits
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994:1786 deaths
989:1699 births
936:(1809â1821)
892:(1789â1809)
833:(1760â1789)
831:Charles III
809:(1746â1760)
755:(1701â1746)
706:(1665â1701)
632:(1621â1665)
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495:Viceroys of
348:Inquisition
343:autos-da-fé
300:blanquillos
232:Charles III
195:Andrés Cavo
156:Mexico City
70:introducing
983:Categories
890:Charles IV
704:Charles II
596:Philip III
371:References
630:Philip IV
547:Philip II
507:Charles V
498:New Spain
311:Comanches
187:visitador
125:New Spain
111:(1699 in
753:Philip V
292:Flanders
220:Criollos
152:Veracruz
117:Flanders
78:May 2014
346:of the
307:Apaches
296:Ultonia
141:Galicia
66:improve
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288:Saboya
267:Sonora
137:Ceuta
113:Lille
51:, or
454:ISBN
436:ISBN
390:ISBN
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