Carl Zeiss AG - Knowledge

1271: 412: 1323: 1535: 1355: 378: 1288: 1305: 420: 1339: 1215: 1200: 1519: 782: 1232: 843:. In 1890, Rudolph designed an asymmetrical lens with a cemented group at each side of the diaphragm, appropriately named "Anastigmat". This lens was made in three series: Series III, IV and V, with maximum apertures of f/7.2, f/12.5, and f/18 respectively. In 1891, Series I, II and IIIa appeared with respective maximum apertures of f/4.5, f/6.3, and f/9 and in 1893 came Series IIa of f/8 maximum aperture. These lenses are now better known by the trademark "Protar", which was first used in 1900. 1487: 342:(joined 1884) he laid the foundation for today's multinational company. The current company emerged from a reunification of Carl Zeiss companies in East and West Germany with a consolidation phase in the 1990s. ZEISS is active in four business segments with approximately equal revenue (Industrial Quality and Research, Medical Technology, Consumer Markets and Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology) in almost 50 countries, has 30 production sites and around 25 development sites worldwide. 428: 1503: 790: 444: 713: 1253: 973: 392: 59: 5496: 2768: 905: 2582:(Pentacon/Practica/Pentax screw mount). By use of mount adapters they can be adapted to most 35 mm bayonet camera mounts including Canon FD and EF, Pentax K, Minolta SR and Sony/Konica Minolta/Minolta A mounts (with the exception of Nikon F mount), usually losing open-aperture-metering, multi-segment metering, focus confirmation, automatic flash zoom capabilities as well as some built-in shake reduction performance and Exif data accuracy. 3104: 2644: 2591: 1455: 1053: 400: 1116: 1471: 2599: 877:, first sold in 1902 in its Series IIb f/6.3 form. It can be said as a combination of the front half of the Unar with the rear half of the Protar. This proved to be the most valuable and flexible design, with tremendous development potential. Its maximum aperture was increased to f/4.7 in 1917 and reached f/2.7 in 1930. It is probable that every lens manufacturer has produced lenses of the Tessar configurations. 263: 231: 211: 5508: 50: 3404: 2899: 847:

Goerz, designed by Emil von Hoegh. Rudolph then came up with a single combination with four cemented elements, which can be considered as having all the elements of the Protar stuck together in one piece. Marketed in 1894, it was called the Protarlinse Series VII, the most highly corrected single combination lens with maximum apertures between f/11 and f/12.5, depending on its focal length.

1377:

designs. But by the time the IIa and IIIa hit the market, they faced strong competition from many European and Asian brands, notably the visually similar Nikon produced by Nippon Kogaku, which was a high quality camera sharing the same lens-mount and most of the features. Zeiss Ikon prevented some European distribution under the theory that "Nikon" was an infringement on their brand name.

3278:) as 'Virtual Reality Headset Prescription Lens Adapters', Carl Zeiss Vision is the lens provider for VR Optician's aftermarket prescription lens adaptors. These lens adaptors are sold for a wide variety of Virtual Reality headsets, like the Apple Vision Pro, allowing those with visual impairments to use them without wearing glasses or contact lenses. 1182:, having recognised the potential for a system camera using 35mm film. The Contax I was introduced with a wide range of lenses and accessories for scientific and professional use. In 1936, an improved model, the Contax II, was introduced and became the favorite of many renowned photographers and journalists, including 893:

lenses. As a system camera there was a need for a range of lenses for the Contax. Bertele's Sonnar series of lenses designed for the Contax was the match in every respect for the Leica for at least two decades. Other lenses for the Contax included the Biotar, Biogon, Orthometar, and various Tessars and Triotars.

3155:, spotting scopes, binoculars, and distance measuring devices for outdoors enthusiasts. The three main product lines are the Conquest line, which is manufactured in Germany and assembled in the United States, and Victory line, which is produced entirely in Germany, and the Terra line, which is made in Asia. 846:

At the time, single combination lenses, which occupy one side of the diaphragm only, were still popular. Rudolph designed one with three cemented elements in 1893, with the option of fitting two of them together in a lens barrel as a compound lens, but it was found to be the same as the Dagor by C.P.

1568:

full-frame 35mm F/2 large-sensor compact camera was announced during Photokina 2018 with the slogan 'Shoot – Edit – Share'. The camera incorporates Adobe Lightroom Mobile editing capacities, and an internal 512GB SSD affording 6,800 DNG-format RAW images or 50,000 JPEG-format compressed images. The

1586:

Carl Zeiss AG has long been renowned for its motion picture lenses. Zeiss manufactures prime and zoom lenses for 35mm, 16mm, and 65mm film production. They also make lenses for digital cinema and high definition video. Zeiss is mainly known in the trade for their association with the German camera

912:

After the partitioning of Germany, a new Carl Zeiss optical company was established in Oberkochen, while the original Zeiss firm in Jena continued to operate. At first, both firms produced very similar lines of products, and extensively cooperated in product-sharing, but they drifted apart as time

892:

by Zeiss-Ikon, the first professional 35mm system camera became available. At this stage the Leica was no more than a convenient and portable snapshot camera. However Leitz could see the potential offered by the Contax and rapidly developed a coupled rangefinder and started to introduce additional

492:

In 1928 the Zeiss company acquired Hensoldt AG, which has produced Zeiss binoculars and rifle-scopes since 1964 - this has occasionally resulted in twin products being offered under both the "Hensoldt" and "Zeiss" brand-names. The Hensoldt System Technology division (resulting from a merger of the

3302:

computer. Zeiss has since vastly improved and diversified their product line and now feature many high accuracy CMMs, the Metrotom, a CT x-ray scanning measuring machine, with the ability to quickly and completely measure a part in 3 dimensions without ever touching the part, and the O-INSPECT, a

913:

progressed. Jena's new direction was to concentrate on developing lenses for 35 mm single-lens reflex cameras, and many achievements were made, especially in ultra-wide angle designs. In addition to that, Oberkochen also worked on designing lenses for the 35 mm single-lens reflex camera

2845:

These are 360° tilt/shift lenses (based on Zeiss medium format lens designs) for 35 mm format including full-frame digital. Available mounts: Canon EF, Nikon F, Sony Alpha/Konica Minolta/Minolta A mount. Other mounts on request. Manual focus only, no electronics. Manufactured in Germany and

850:

But the important thing about this Protarlinse is that two of these lens units can be mounted in the same lens barrel to form a compound lens of even greater performance and a larger aperture, between f/6.3 and f/7.7. In this configuration, it was called the Double Protar Series VIIa. An immense

1376:

The United States also relocated Zeiss from Jena to Heidenheim (Oberkochen) in 1945, but Zeiss Ikon were without designs or facilities for making the Contax and set about producing an improved replacement. These were named the Contax IIa and IIIa, and were smaller and lighter than the original

801:

systems, the equipment needed to produce the latest generations of semiconductor components. It also includes early high-performance optical microscopes up to today's electron and ion microscopes, which reach a sub-nanometers resolution. It includes technology leadership in the first surgical

812:

Abbe was instrumental in the development of the famous Jena optical glass. When he was trying to eliminate stigmatism from microscopes, he realized that the range of optical glasses available was insufficient. After some calculations, he realised that performance of optical instruments would

2895:. The period atmosphere of the film demanded that several indoor scenes be filmed by candlelight. To facilitate this, Kubrick had the lenses modified to mount onto a cinema camera and two of them subsequently further modified in separate ways to give wider angles of view. 632:, until the latter ceased all camera production in 2005. Zeiss later produced lenses for the space industry and, more recently, has again produced high-quality 35 mm camera-lenses. The eastern Zeiss Jena was also well known for producing high-quality products. 1038:

series, followed by Vivo X-Fold 3 Pro, and lowered to their V-series. As part of the collaboration agreement, Vivo and Zeiss will establish the Vivo Zeiss Imaging Lab, a joint R&D program to innovate mobile imaging technology for Vivo’s flagship smartphones.

3138:

The largest part of Carl Zeiss AG's revenue is generated by its Semiconductor Manufacturing Technologies division, which produces lithographic systems for the semiconductor industry, as well as process control solutions (electron microscopes, mask repair tools,

2606:

Zeiss produces manual focus Otus lenses for the Nikon F-mount and Canon EF mount, with electronic features equivalent to Zeiss ZF.2 and ZE lenses respectively. Otus lenses are complex no-compromise designs which Zeiss refers to as the "best in the world" in the

1408:

or a proprietary bayonet mount. While these designs were initially competitive with SLRs produced by Japanese brands including Canon, Yashica, Minolta, and Nikon, Zeiss Ikon failed to keep pace by adding features and Zeiss Ikon camera production ceased in 1971.

858:

concept of a symmetrical design with thin positive menisci enclosing negative elements. The result was the Planar Series Ia of 1896, with maximum apertures up to f/3.5, one of the fastest lenses of its time. Whilst it was very sharp, it suffered from

1354: 2540:

lenses are like ZF lenses, with the addition CPU functionality, similar to Nikon AI-P lenses. They allow electronic focus confirmation, full metering compatibility, and electronic aperture control with Nikon SLR cameras which require CPU

1429:/Ultramatic, competing with the Contaflex), and numerous compact and folding cameras through at least 1967, when the Icarex, a Voigtländer design released under the Zeiss Ikon brand, was released to consolidate the competing SLR lines. 880:

Rudolph left Zeiss after World War I, but many other competent designers such as Merté, Wandersleb, etc. kept the firm at the leading edge of photographic lens innovations. One of the most significant designers was the ex-Ernemann man

518:. The destruction of the war caused many companies to divide into smaller subcompanies and others to merge. There was great respect for the engineering innovation that came out of Dresden—before the war the world's first 35 mm 3294:

measurement machines (non-medical), optical measuring equipment, metrology software and measurement sensor systems. The Industrial Metrology subsidiary provides this equipment to a wide range of manufacturing facilities worldwide.

2779:

Milvus lenses for the Nikon F-mount (ZF.2) and Canon EF lens mount (ZE), covering the 35mm format. The 15/2.8, 21/2.8, 35/2, 50/2, 100/2, and 135/2 are carried over from the previous Z-series (now referred to as Zeiss Classic).

3130:

products. Even video glasses belong to the product range. In the summer of 2012, the new video glasses Cinemizer OLED were to come on the market. In addition to the viewing of 2D and 3D movies, it will be possible to play

4469: 1368:

After World War II, the Dresden factory was dismantled and the Soviet Union forcibly relocated the Contax factory to Kiev as war reparations, where the pre-war Contax II and III camera designs were produced under the

1033:

and Zeiss announced a long-term strategic partnership to jointly promote and develop breakthrough innovations in mobile imaging technology. The first “Vivo Zeiss co-engineered imaging system” will be featured in the

802:

microscopes and ophthalmic devices. It also includes high-performance contact metrology systems. For many years Zeiss showed innovations in fields as astronomical telescopes, photographic and cinematic lenses.

3665:

The strong growth of the company was due in part to the reputation of its products; in 1861 Zeiss won a gold medal at the Thuringian Industrial Exposition for "the most excellent instruments made in Germany."

900:

in 1935. A lens so treated was marked with a red "T", short for "Transparent". The technique of applying multiple layers of coatings was developed from this basis after the war, and known as "T✻" (T-star).

3309:

Many of the sensor systems produced by Zeiss are proprietary technologies, using technologies exclusively patented by Zeiss, and therefore can offer better accuracy and repeatability than its competitors.

2829: 1090: 2819: 485:, Zeiss was the world's largest camera-production company. Zeiss Ikon represented a significant part of the production, along with dozens of other brands and factories, including a major works at 2834: 2814: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 1534: 2959:

ZA ("Zeiss Alpha") lenses are designed and manufactured by Sony in Japan, and co-branded with the Zeiss name. Sony and Zeiss collaboratively set design and quality parameters for ZA lenses.

1085:

and ICA) in Dresden on September 15, 1926. Much of the capital came from Zeiss which also provided components for the cameras, including lenses and shutters through its subsidiaries such as

936:

Since the beginning of Zeiss as a photographic lens manufacturer, it has had a licensing programme, allowing other manufacturers to produce its lenses. Over the years its licensees included

4771: 2824: 2809: 870:

of London, Rudolph designed a new asymmetrical lens with four thin elements, the Unar Series Ib, with apertures up to f/4.5. Due to its high speed, it was used extensively on hand cameras.

3732: 4695: 1322: 1270: 797:

The Zeiss company was responsible for many innovations in optical design and engineering in each of their major fields of business. Today this becomes exemplarily visible in the latest

4817:

Dierk Hobbie (2010), "The development of photogrammetric instruments and methods at Carl Zeiss in Oberkochen", Deutsche Geodätische Kommission, Reihe E, Nr. 30, Munich, Germany 2010.

1552:; Contax marketed several lines of SLR, rangefinder, compact, and digital cameras with Zeiss lenses and Japanese-built bodies. The most recent "Zeiss Ikon" rangefinder camera was an 3298:

Zeiss has manufactured coordinate measuring machines since 1919, offering very basic manually operated CMMs. In 1973, Zeiss introduced the UMM 500, using a Zeiss sensor system and

3707: 2975: 3925: 457:

opened an optics workshop in Jena in 1846. By 1847 he was making microscopes full-time. In 1861 the rapidly growing company had a staff of about 20 and won a gold medal at the

4466: 605:

in 1947, but was soon renamed to "Carl Zeiss". West-German Zeiss products were labelled "Opton" for sale in the Eastern bloc, while East German Zeiss products were labelled "

1548:

Since 1972, some 35mm cameras have been marketed under the "Contax" and "Zeiss Ikon" brands. The "Contax" brand was licensed to Yashica in 1974, which later was acquired by

4818: 571: 407:'s cameras with the special SO-3.5.1 (5/17mm) lens developed by Carl Zeiss, a so-called "needle eye lens", for shooting through keyholes or holes down to 1 mm in diameter 1007:. The nature of the collaboration varies, from co-branding optics designed by another firm (e.g., Sony) to complete optical design and manufacturing (e.g., Hasselblad). 3883: 1171:

derived from an earlier Goerz design. Despite German production, the folding Super Ikonta was among the mainstays of British Army photographers during World War II.

820:

The new Jena optical glass also opened up the possibility of increased performance of photographic lenses. The first use of Jena glass in a photographic lens was by

3340:

and its subsidiaries and partners Zeiss is the sole supplier of the lithography systems that are able to manufacture core layers of the latest semiconductor chips.

1287: 5539: 4329: 2718: 805:

Early on, Carl Zeiss realised that he needed a competent scientist so as to take the firm beyond just being another optical workshop. In 1866, the service of

747:

A division called "Carl Zeiss Vision" produces lenses for eyeglasses. In 2005, the eyeglass division merged with U.S. company SOLA, which included the former

5140: 411: 5554: 2713: 2708: 863:

which limited its popularity. However, further developments of this configuration made it the design of choice for high-speed lenses of standard coverage.

1108:, who left the company in 1928 to form the Nagel Works; in 1932, his company was bought by Kodak, which continued to produce cameras in Germany under the 817:, who established the famous glassworks at Jena from which new types of optical glass began to appear from 1888 to be employed by Zeiss and other makers. 511: 472:

designed greatly improved lenses for the optical instruments they were producing. After Carl Zeiss's death in 1888, the business was incorporated as the

824:, but as the lens was an old design its performance was not greatly improved. Subsequently, the new glasses would demonstrate their value in correcting 3376: 669:

taking over the company's divisions for microscopy and other precision optics (effectively reuniting the pre-war Carl Zeiss enterprise) and moving its

4044: 3952: 3258:

Their progressive lens ZEISS Progressive Individual has won multiple awards including the OLA awards in 2009 presented at Washington, D.C., and the

2696:

Loxia lenses for the Sony E-mount. Like Sony "FE" lenses, they cover the 35mm format. The 35/2 and 50/2 are carried over from the existing ZM line.

5123: 5118: 4782: 3985: 3392:

on the projection windows. These had heat fuses that melted and dropped the shutter over the hole if the film caught fire in the projection booth.

5544: 4454: 4131: 2076:

through the use of adapters. Some ZM lenses are manufactured in Germany by Zeiss, others in Japan by Cosina. Lenses designated "C" are considered

1421:

brand in 1956, putting it in the curious position of offering competing cameras in the same market segments, including professional rangefinders (

361:, with its second largest, and founding site, being Jena in eastern Germany. Also controlled by the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung is the glass manufacturer 4813:

Carl Zeiss Company History, an older article but updated and covering Zeiss history up to about 2000, with interesting content and illustrations

5267: 4970: 3752: 3114:

Zeiss offers a wide range of products related to optics and vision. These include camera and cine lenses, microscopes and microscopy software,

1304: 813:

dramatically improve if optical glasses of appropriate properties were available. His challenge to glass manufacturers was finally answered by

809:

was enlisted. From then on novel products appeared in rapid succession which brought the Zeiss company to the forefront of optical technology.

4692: 896:

The last important Zeiss innovation before World War II was the technique of applying an anti-reflective coating to lens surfaces invented by

5257: 4860: 377: 5160: 5133: 2134:

Zeiss claims that the 25mm ƒ/2.8 ZM achieves a resolution of 400 lp/mm in the center of the image at ƒ/4, which is equal to the calculated

3317:(CNC) technology to a coordinate measurement machine and was the first company to offer CNC stylus changer capability for these machines. 960:, who also manufactured most of the new Zeiss designs for the new Zeiss Ikon coupled rangefinder camera. Another licensee active today is 1095: 952:

cameras, and many of the Zeiss lenses for this camera, among others, were produced by Yashica's optical arm, Tomioka. As Yashica's owner

5068: 3714: 1071: 4275: 2501:. They feature electronic contacts allowing for focus-confirmation, and electric aperture operation as with standard Canon EF lenses. 5584: 5128: 4434: 4167: 3929: 2974:. They are fully dedicated autofocus lenses with eight electrical contacts, ROM-IC, and distance encoder ("(D)-function" to support 5272: 3825: 5569: 4421: 1070:

Zeiss Ikon was an independent camera company related to Carl Zeiss, formed by the merger of four camera makers (Contessa-Nettel,

1518: 5088: 3899: 2073: 645: — reckoned as one of the few East-German firms that was even potentially able to compete on a global basis — became 3456: 1556:

camera with automatic exposure, introduced by Zeiss in 2004 and manufactured in Japan by Cosina; it was discontinued in 2012.

5579: 5574: 5549: 5212: 5078: 5025: 3521: 1803: 4056: 3646:. Hirschberg History of Ophthalmology: The Monographs - Volume 13. Piribebuy, Paraguay: Wayenborgh Publishing. p. 206. 1199: 5512: 5467: 5195: 5180: 5106: 4517: 3880: 2547:

lenses feature mechanical locks for focus and aperture, and additional environmental sealing, for industrial applications.

4802: 4745: 4720: 4668: 4326: 4109: 3806: 1190:. A second 35mm camera, the Contax III, was mechanically identical with a light meter grafted to the top of the camera. 1104:

and Curt Bentzin from Görlitz in 1899, went out of business. Another founding company, Contessa-Nettel, was operated by

3235:. It is divided in Ophthalmology/Optometry, Neurosurgery, ENT, Spine, P&R, Dentistry, Radiotherapy and Gynecology. 234: 223: 5217: 5050: 4903: 4853: 4251: 4210: 3790: 3746: 3651: 3550: 1100:(ICA AG), had been founded in 1909 shortly after Carl Zeiss Palmos, which had been co-founded by Zeiss lens designer 295: 3049: 3042: 3035: 3028: 3021: 415:

2 historical lenses of Carl Zeiss, Nr. 145077 and Nr. 145078, Tessar 1:4,5 F=5,5cm DRP 142294 (produced before 1910)

5205: 5200: 5098: 5073: 5040: 3070: 3063: 3056: 2700: 2663: 1338: 166: 5277: 5262: 5242: 2681: 2676: 2668: 4617: 1252: 5472: 5045: 4980: 4888: 3370: 3140: 2751: 5462: 4289: 4045:

History of Camera Lenses from Carl Zeiss — 1935 — Alexander Smakula develops anti-reflection coating

5222: 5185: 5030: 4023: 2943:

also used Zeiss optics. In 2017, Zeiss again provided optics for Nokia products through a collaboration with

825: 1486: 5500: 5060: 4846: 3364: 3287: 2876: 1214: 174: 2557:

imaging, with coatings that transmit wavelengths up to 1100 nm, and focus scales marked for infrared.

1231: 5564: 4194: 3959: 419: 4235: 3993: 3677: 5247: 5165: 3738: 2869: 2135: 1570: 867: 620:

In 1973, the Western Carl Zeiss AG entered into a licensing agreement with the Japanese camera-company

4506: 1454: 1432:

After Zeiss Ikon stopped producing cameras, the Voigtländer brand and Icarex designs were acquired by

948:. etc. In the 1970s, the western operation of Zeiss-Ikon collaborated with Yashica to produce the new 1381: 1030: 519: 5426: 5252: 2885:

lenses originally created by Zeiss for NASA's lunar program had the distinction of being reused by

1101: 1057: 840: 833: 748: 307: 1502: 1422: 1123:

The earliest Zeiss Ikon cameras were a range of medium and large format folding cameras badged as

5175: 5111: 4985: 4944: 4643: 3502: 3251:, and dispensary technologies and services. Zeiss is known for ophthalmic lenses made from high 2534:

lenses have AI-S aperture indexing, half-stop aperture ring detents, and no electronic features.

353:

AG is the only one that is traded at the stock market. Carl Zeiss AG is owned by the foundation

5559: 5534: 5365: 3782: 3615: 3565: 3013:

are fully dedicated Sony E-mount autofocus lenses. Lenses carrying the E designation cover the

2971: 536: 3336:-lithography machines for focusing the extremely short wavelengths. Together with the company 2146:

Zeiss produces optically identical manual-focus lenses for multiple SLR lens mounts under the

1470: 1139:(Jewel), a glass plate camera originally designed by ICA in 1909. This was a favorite of both 5589: 5370: 5190: 1187: 851:

range of focal lengths can thus be obtained by the various combination of Protarlinse units.

198: 3501: 5375: 4934: 4807: 3859: 3306:

Zeiss is currently a member of the International Association of CMM Manufacturers (IACMM).

636: 561: 543:, the US Army relocated some parts of Zeiss Jena to the Contessa manufacturing facility in 108: 103: 4539: 4346: 590: 145: 8: 5340: 5325: 5232: 5227: 5170: 5035: 5017: 4949: 4939: 4883: 4869: 4583: 3358: 3333: 2928: 2756: 2498: 2049: 1401: 1152: 706: 354: 247: 4595: 4240: 4199: 3833: 705:

in and around Dresden have branched into new technologies: screens and products for the

5411: 4990: 4954: 3829: 3590: 3475: 3427: 3352: 3286:

Zeiss Industrial Metrology specializes in high-accuracy measurement systems, including

3231: 2924: 2746: 2741: 1261: 1179: 574:

most of the existing Zeiss factories and tooling to the Soviet Union, establishing the

532: 350: 77: 34: 4396: 4314: 3500:

Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009).

369:

and Jena. Carl Zeiss is one of the oldest existing optics manufacturers in the world.

5355: 5350: 4371: 4257: 4247: 4216: 4206: 3786: 3742: 3647: 3546: 3517: 3314: 2626: 929:, interchangeable front element lenses such as for the 35 mm single-lens reflex 897: 855: 547:, West Germany, while the remainder of Zeiss Jena was reestablished by the (eastern) 20: 5442: 3903: 754:

On 28 June 2013, Carl Zeiss officially announced its plan to rename the brand from "

720:

As of 2023 there are arguably three companies with primarily "Zeiss Ikon" heritage:

5305: 5237: 3774: 3422: 3409: 3252: 3152: 2932: 2916: 2730: 1436:, which released variations of the Icarex under both Voigtländer and Rollei as the 1223: 1160: 1086: 941: 624:

to produce a series of high-quality 35 mm film-cameras and lenses bearing the

278: 1022:, Zeiss will again provide optics for Nokia products through a collaboration with 712: 5360: 4699: 4473: 4333: 4236:"5: How the West was lost – the 35mm focal-plane SLRs of post-war Western Europe" 3887: 3641: 3432: 3313:

Zeiss was the first manufacturer of coordinate measurement machines to introduce

3299: 3248: 2920: 2886: 2053: 1437: 1082: 798: 781: 686: 528:, and the first miniature camera with good picture-quality were developed there. 357:. The Zeiss Group has its headquarters in southern Germany, in the small town of 320: 2572:

couplers. Zeiss announced the discontinuation of the ZK line in September 2010.

5315: 4929: 3325: 3158:

Since 2019 the following Zeiss sport optics products series are in production:

3119: 2967: 2612: 2579: 2565: 1405: 1144: 983:

Zeiss has licensed its name or technology to various other companies including

882: 696:

The Hensoldt AG was renamed "Carl Zeiss Sports Optics GmbH" on 1 October 2006.

628:

and Zeiss brand names. This collaboration continued under Yashica's successor,

190: 178: 4572: 4495: 4484: 3855: 3734:

Jewish forced labor under the Nazis: economic needs and racial aims, 1938–1944

1418: 937: 821: 5528: 5335: 4995: 4812: 4561: 4550: 3810: 3417: 3127: 2999:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ DT 1:3.5–1:4.5 16–80 mm ZA (SAL-1680Z)

2508: 2065: 1553: 930: 918: 860: 4528: 908:

Zeiss Ikon Nettar 515 with Klio shutter and Novar-Anastigmat 11cm ƒ/4.5 lens

461:

Industrial Exposition. By 1866 Zeiss sold their 1,000th microscope. In 1872

427: 5452: 5416: 5310: 5300: 4975: 4924: 4081: 3337: 2891: 2776: 2693: 2656: 2616: 2001: 1983: 1960: 1935: 1931: 1389: 1370: 1109: 1105: 1061: 770: 690: 575: 548: 540: 515: 501: 497:

and Hensoldt) was continued by Zeiss under the "Hensoldt" name until 2006.

494: 436: 3126:

and dome video-systems, optical sensors, industrial metrology systems and

1396:

line (1959) with film magazine backs and superb optics, and the mid-range

1014:

in the camera phone market, with Zeiss providing camera optics. The first

964:

who uses the Zeiss name on lenses on its video and digital still cameras.

789: 448: 443: 5396: 5330: 5320: 4467:

Slides of Half-Year Press Conference for fiscal year 2007/08, 29 May 2008

3123: 3108: 2608: 1183: 1147:. Other models produced by Zeiss Ikon prior to World War II included the 1140: 1076: 1056:

The Zeiss Ikon logo is based on the design of the rear cemented group in

972: 814: 674: 568: 524: 482: 469: 391: 339: 58: 3002:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 24–70 mm ZA SSM (SAL-2470Z)

2993:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 16–35 mm ZA SSM (SAL-1635Z)

5477: 5457: 4898: 4893: 3513: 3243:

Carl Zeiss Vision Care division develops, manufactures and distributes

3115: 3005:

Sony α Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 24–70 mm ZA SSM II (SAL-2470Z2)

2996:

Sony α Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T✻ 1:2.8 16–35 mm ZA SSM II (SAL-1635Z2)

2944: 2767: 2527:. All are manual-focus designs with Nikon AI-S type aperture indexing. 1426: 1314: 1296: 1279: 1168: 1023: 1015: 984: 922: 829: 806: 670: 586: 465: 454: 358: 335: 331: 186: 170: 141: 131: 64: 27: 4838: 4424:". Microsoft Windows Blog, 25 September 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2017 956:

ended camera production in 2006, and Yashica lenses were then made by

904: 5345: 5000: 4621: 3437: 3389: 3259: 3103: 2936: 2652: 2643: 2590: 2069: 1565: 1385: 1019: 866:

Probably inspired by the Stigmatic lenses designed by Hugh Aldis for

682: 544: 462: 458: 362: 194: 5447: 4913: 4693:

Carl Zeiss, Industrial Metrology – 90 Years in Industrial Metrology

2940: 2850: 2554: 1393: 1135:, for film and glass plate photography. The most expensive was the 1035: 1000: 976: 914: 678: 582: 554: 399: 328: 4015: 2859:

Hartblei Superrotator Carl Zeiss Makro-Planar T✻ 1:4.0 120 mm

1380:

Starting in the mid-1950s, Zeiss Ikon shifted its focus to market

1115: 1052: 766:". All the products will be standardized under the "Zeiss" brand. 5401: 5083: 3685: 3542: 3291: 3132: 2948: 2028: 1549: 1119:

Photograph taken with a Zeiss Ikon Box Tengor 54/2 camera in 1971

992: 953: 629: 621: 486: 182: 89: 4276:"Zeiss announces ZX1 full-frame compact with fixed 35mm F2 lens" 4261: 4220: 3566:"The Carl Zeiss Story – 20 Years of Reunification at Carl Zeiss" 2984:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Planar T✻ 1:1.4 50 mm ZA SSM (SAL-50F14Z)

2981:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Distagon T✻ 1:2 24 mm ZA SSM (SAL-24F20Z)

2598: 2162:

lines, manufactured in Japan by Cosina to Zeiss specifications.

839:

Zeiss' domination of photographic lens innovation was due to Dr

5421: 3069:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar T✻ FE 1:4 24–70 mm ZA OSS (

2019: 1946: 1807: 1433: 1397: 1175: 988: 957: 949: 926: 889: 874: 836:

of symmetrical design with five elements, but went no further.

625: 316: 4435:"Counterclockwise: Nokia genetics and the features it evolved" 3062:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar T✻ E 1:4 16–70 mm ZA OSS (

2990:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ 1:1.8 135 mm ZA (SAL-135F18Z)

3084: 3079:

In addition to these Sony collaboration lenses, Zeiss offers

3014: 2912: 2898: 2734: 2045: 1647:

Lightweight Zoom LWZ.2 T✻XP Vario-Sonnar 15.5–45 mm T2.6

1011: 1010:

On 27 April 2005, the company announced a collaboration with

945: 404: 366: 49: 4132:"vivo and ZEISS Enter Global Partnership for Mobile Imaging" 3255:

glass, allowing stronger prescription lenses to be thinner.

2987:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Planar T✻ 1:1.4 85 mm ZA (SAL-85F14Z)

2044:

Zeiss has departed the large-format optics field along with

5406: 4772:"ASML-Zeiss, a successful partnership enabling Moore's law" 3244: 2856:

Hartblei Superrotator Carl Zeiss Planar T✻ 1:2.8 80 mm

1588: 1004: 996: 961: 324: 284: 214: 99: 33:

For the football club founded by Carl Zeiss employees, see

3779:

To The Bitter End: The Diaries of Victor Klemperer 1942–45

3499: 3055:

Sony α Zeiss Vario-Tessar T✻ FE 1:4 16–35 mm ZA OSS (

2978:

flash). All except for the DT lens are full-frame lenses.

1373:. The first Kiev cameras were identical except for logos. 681:

GmbH was split off as a specialty company in the areas of

531:

At the end of the war, Jena was initially occupied by the

4082:"Nettar – Camera-wiki.org – The free camera encyclopedia" 3388:

The name Zeiss Ikon can also be found in old cinemas, on

3329: 3320: 3271: 4422:

Creating a PureView with ZEISS: Lumia Imaging Innovation

4016:"Zeiss expands metrology portfolio with GOM acquisition" 3881:

What you should know about Carl Zeiss Sports Optics GmbH

1443: 345:

Carl Zeiss AG is the holding of all subsidiaries within

19:"Protar" redirects here. For scale model kit brand, see 4831: 2853:

Superrotator Carl Zeiss Distagon T✻ IF 1:4.0 40 mm

716:

A 2004 Zeiss Ikon rangefinder with 35mm ƒ/2 Biogon lens

4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 3017:

format, while lenses designated FE cover 35mm format.

1726:

Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Makro-Planar 100 mm T2.1 CF

4644:"Valve Index Prescription Lens Adapter - VR Optician" 4596:"minews – mivision | Bringing Optics into Focus" 3275: 2659:. Like Sony "FE" lenses, they cover the 35mm format. 296: 287: 281: 4455:

3D-capable video glasses with Head Tracker for Games

4110:"Nokia and Zeiss brands reunite for the Android era" 3616:"ZEISS Group – Company History Overview and Sources" 3399: 3048:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ FE 1:1.8 55 mm ZA (

3034:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ FE 1:2.8 35 mm ZA (

2568:. They have no electronics, are manual focus only, K 1644:

Master Macro T✻XP Makro-Planar 100 mm T2.0/T4.3

1569:

ZX1, which was one of only a few cameras to use the

381:

First workshop of Carl Zeiss in the center of Jena,

4704: 4315:

http://www.hasselbladhistorical.eu/HW/HWLenses.aspx

4290:"Zeiss discontinues its Android-powered ZX1 camera" 3020:

Sony α Carl Zeiss Sonnar T✻ E 1:1.8 24 mm ZA (

535:. When Jena and Dresden were incorporated into the 4239: 4198: 2927:features a lens custom-developed by Zeiss for its 1720:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Planar 50 mm T2.1 Macro 769:In April 2019, Zeiss announced the acquisition of 4205:. Thames & Hudson, London. pp. 193–115. 4195:"10: Leaf shutters and just plain weird shutters" 3303:combination optical-tactile measurement machine. 3151:Carl Zeiss Sports Optics division produces rifle 3027:Sony α Zeiss Distagon T✻ FE 1:1.4 35 mm ZA ( 1425:, in competition with the Contax), amateur SLRs ( 873:The most important Zeiss lens by Rudolph was the 5526: 4397:"Nokia 808 PureView – Full phone specifications" 4246:. Thames & Hudson, London. pp. 85–115. 4104: 4102: 3856:"A passion for politics and a head for business" 3640:Galst, J.M.; Van Alfen, P. (30 November 2018) . 3591:"ZEISS Group – International Segments and Sites" 1717:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 50 mm T2.1 1714:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 35 mm T2.1 1711:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 28 mm T2.1 1708:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 25 mm T2.9 1705:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻XP Distagon 21 mm T2.9 979:featured the Zeiss co-engineered imaging system. 5540:1846 establishments in the German Confederation 4770:Benschop, Jos; Rupp, Wolfgang (24 April 2013). 3041:Sony α Zeiss Planar T✻ FE 1:1.4 50 mm ZA ( 1018:to be co-engineered with Zeiss optics was the 5268:Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy 4971:Detectors for transmission electron microscopy 4496:Zeiss Conquest HD 8x42 binoculars video review 4327:Carl Zeiss Camera Lens News 29, September 2008 3639: 2868:Zeiss designed the optical components for the 2729:Zeiss produces autofocus Touit lenses for the 1702:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Distagon 18 mm T3.6 26:"ZEISS" redirects here. For the optician, see 4854: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4099: 3826:"A Short Review on History of Optics in Jena" 3348:Zeiss offers different types of microscopes: 1815:CFi/CFE-Lenses for Hasselblad 500 (V System) 552: 514:, including Jews and other minorities during 4769: 4573:Zeiss Victory HT 3-12x56 reticle subtensions 4460: 3926:"Company History Abstract: The 21st Century" 2056:as the primary makers of such lenses today. 1792:DigiZoom T✻ Vario-Sonnar 17–112 mm T1.9 1723:Compact Prime CP.2 T✻ Planar 85 mm T2.1 785:A Zeiss 100 cm aperture reflecting telescope 761: 755: 739: 733: 727: 721: 700: 664: 658: 652: 646: 640: 612: 606: 600: 594: 559: 505: 473: 435:lens engraved with "Jena" to be exported to 245: 75: 5555:Manufacturing companies established in 1846 3643:Ophthalmologia Optica & Visio in Nummis 3470: 3468: 3466: 1594:Current models of Zeiss cinema lenses are: 4861: 4847: 4145: 1789:DigiZoom T✻ Vario-Sonnar 6–24 mm T1.9 1623:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 40 mm T1.3 1620:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 35 mm T1.3 1617:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 32 mm T1.3 1614:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 27 mm T1.3 1611:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 25 mm T1.3 1608:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 21 mm T1.3 1605:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 18 mm T1.3 1602:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 16 mm T1.3 1599:Master Prime T✻XP Distagon 14 mm T1.3 1047: 885:, famed for his Ernostar high-speed lens. 602:Zeiss-Opton Optische Werke Oberkochen GmbH 57: 48: 4808:Carl Zeiss Company Timeline starting 1909 3958:. Optical Heritage Museum. Archived from 3773: 1650:Ultra Prime 8R T✻ Distagon 8 mm T2.8 1638:Master Prime T✻XP Sonnar 150 mm T1.3 1635:Master Prime T✻XP Sonnar 100 mm T1.3 967: 4457:(German), Golem. Retrieved 3 March 2012. 3986:"Carl Zeiss Officially Renamed To Zeiss" 3950: 3463: 3438:Internationale Camera Actiengesellschaft 3229:This branch of Carl Zeiss is managed by 3102: 2897: 2766: 2642: 2597: 2589: 2511:. Four design variations are designated 2089:Distagon T✻ 15mm ƒ/2.8 (Made in Germany) 1632:Master Prime T✻XP Sonnar 75 mm T1.3 1629:Master Prime T✻XP Planar 65 mm T1.3 1626:Master Prime T✻XP Planar 50 mm T1.3 1114: 1091:Internationale Camera Actiengesellschaft 1051: 971: 903: 788: 780: 711: 442: 426: 418: 410: 398: 390: 376: 4868: 4233: 4192: 3281: 2889:in the filming of his historical drama 2840: 2074:mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras 2068:cameras, including Leica M series, the 1943:Tessar lenses (4 elements in 3 groups) 1797: 1735:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 9.5 mm T1.3 1677:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 40 mm T1.9 1674:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 32 mm T1.9 1671:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 28 mm T1.9 1668:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 24 mm T1.9 1665:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 20 mm T1.9 1662:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 16 mm T1.9 1659:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 14 mm T1.9 1656:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 12 mm T1.9 1653:Ultra Prime T✻ Distagon 10 mm T2.1 1591:for whom they currently produce lenses. 5527: 3730: 3332:electromagnetic radiation are used in 3321:Semiconductor manufacturing technology 2757:Touit Makro Planar T✻ 50mm f/2.8 Macro 2673:Batis Distagon T✻ 40mm f/2 Close-Focus 2141: 1969:Planar 100mm ƒ/2.8 (6.5×9 cm fmt) 1952:Tessar 105mm ƒ/3.5 (6.5×9 cm fmt) 1925: 1747:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 25 mm T1.3 1744:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 18 mm T1.3 1741:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 14 mm T1.3 1738:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 12 mm T1.3 1695:Ultra Prime T✻ Sonnar 180 mm T1.9 1692:Ultra Prime T✻ Sonnar 135 mm T1.9 1689:Ultra Prime T✻ Sonnar 100 mm T1.9 1641:Master Zoom T✻XP 16.5–110 mm T2.6 793:Zeiss star projector for a planetarium 4842: 4746:"ZEISS Industrial Metrology Homepage" 4721:"ZEISS Industrial Metrology Homepage" 4669:"ZEISS Industrial Metrology Homepage" 4124: 3983: 3823: 3536: 2594:Zeiss Otus 55mm & 85mm ƒ/1.4 lens 2010:Biogon 53mm ƒ/4.5 (6.5×9 cm fmt) 1955:Tessar 150mm ƒ/4.5 (9×12 cm fmt) 1732:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 8 mm T1.3 1729:Ultra 16 T✻XP Distagon 6 mm T1.3 1686:Ultra Prime T✻ Planar 85 mm T1.9 1683:Ultra Prime T✻ Planar 65 mm T1.9 1680:Ultra Prime T✻ Planar 50 mm T1.9 1444:Cameras produced under Zeiss licenses 306: 5545:Companies based in Baden-Württemberg 5507: 4803:Zeiss Company Timeline starting 1973 4057:"Lens Coating – ZEISS United States" 3224: 2919:as they continued production of the 2906: 2129:Sonnar T✻ 85mm ƒ/2 (Made in Germany) 2013:Biogon 75mm ƒ/4.5 (9×12 cm fmt) 1753:Ultra 16 T✻XP Planar 50 mm T1.3 1750:Ultra 16 T✻XP Planar 35 mm T1.3 1089:. One of the four merged companies, 925:, for large format cameras like the 596:Opton Optische Werke Oberkochen GmbH 372: 3902:. Zeiss Vision Care. Archived from 3182:Victory RF range finding binoculars 2007:Biogon 45mm ƒ/4.5 (6×7 cm fmt) 1966:Planar 80mm ƒ/2.8 (6×7 cm fmt) 167:Semiconductor lithography equipment 13: 4796: 3265: 3189: 3095:(35mm format) lenses for E-mount. 2902:Nokia 808 PureView with Zeiss lens 1949:100mm ƒ/3.5 (6.5×9 cm format) 1174:In 1932 Zeiss Ikon introduced the 14: 5601: 4904:Timeline of microscope technology 4823: 4242:Collecting and using Classic SLRs 4201:Collecting and using Classic SLRs 4026:from the original on 31 July 2019 3098: 2733:and Sony E-mount. They cover the 1854:Tele-Superachromat T✻ 350mm ƒ/5,6 617:" for sale in Western countries. 158:Karl Lamprecht, CEO and President 5585:Photography companies of Germany 5506: 5495: 5494: 4518:Zeiss Victory SF binoculars test 4485:Zeiss optical factory in Wetzlar 3809:. Contax Cameras. Archived from 3539:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 3458:Executive Board of Carl Zeiss AG 3402: 3146: 3135:when fitted with the equipment. 2830:Milvus Makro-Planar T✻ 100mm ƒ/2 2762: 1963:lenses (5 elements in 4 groups) 1874:Hasselblad SWC Biogon 38mm ƒ/4.5 1581: 1576: 1533: 1517: 1501: 1485: 1469: 1453: 1353: 1337: 1321: 1303: 1286: 1269: 1251: 1230: 1213: 1198: 1042: 277: 262: 261: 230: 229: 210: 209: 5263:Precession electron diffraction 4763: 4738: 4686: 4661: 4636: 4620:. Vp-awards.com. Archived from 4610: 4588: 4577: 4566: 4555: 4544: 4533: 4522: 4511: 4500: 4489: 4478: 4448: 4427: 4414: 4389: 4364: 4339: 4320: 4308: 4282: 4268: 4227: 4186: 4074: 4049: 4038: 4008: 3977: 3944: 3928:. Carl Zeiss AG. Archived from 3918: 3892: 3874: 3848: 3824:König, Karsten (21 July 1998). 3817: 3799: 3767: 3724: 3700: 3510:German Pronunciation Dictionary 3371:Scanning helium ion microscopes 3205: 2875:A unique triplet of ultra-fast 2820:Milvus Makro-Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/2 2724: 2687: 2638: 2627:Otus APO-Distagon T✻ 55mm ƒ/1.4 2623:Otus APO-Distagon T✻ 28mm ƒ/1.4 738:), and the independent eastern 423:Carl Zeiss APO-Germinar W B/150 5570:Optics manufacturing companies 4562:Zeiss Conquest V6 rifle scopes 3670: 3633: 3608: 3583: 3558: 3530: 3504:Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch 3493: 3450: 3343: 3238: 2835:Milvus APO-Sonnar T✻ 135mm ƒ/2 2634:Otus APO-Sonnar T✻ 100mm ƒ/1.4 2585: 1930:Zeiss has produced lenses for 1904:Makro-Planar 120mm ƒ/4 HFT PQS 1559: 1412: 1388:line (1953) for amateurs with 854:Rudolph also investigated the 776: 732:(which bought the West German 493:military-optics operations of 315:, is a German manufacturer of 201:, and other optical equipment. 1: 4584:Zeiss Victory V8 rifle scopes 3443: 3383: 3365:Scanning electron microscopes 3288:coordinate-measuring machines 3161: 2815:Milvus Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/1.4 2805:Milvus Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/1.4 2800:Milvus Distagon T✻ 25mm ƒ/1.4 2795:Milvus Distagon T✻ 21mm ƒ/2.8 2790:Milvus Distagon T✻ 18mm ƒ/2.8 2785:Milvus Distagon T✻ 15mm ƒ/2.8 2631:Otus APO-Planar T✻ 85mm ƒ/1.4 1859:FE-Lenses for Hasselblad 200 1786:DigiPrime T✻ 135 mm T1.9 1756:DigiPrime T✻ 3.9 mm T1.9 1384:in three distinct lines: the 1241: 834:design of a photographic lens 654:Jenoptik Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH 468:joined Zeiss, and along with 382: 175:coordinate-measuring machines 5580:Eyewear companies of Germany 5575:Defence companies of Germany 5550:Companies based in Thuringia 4347:"JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE" 3900:"A new experience in vision" 2954: 2931:; as did its successor, the 2747:Touit Distagon T✻ 12mm f/2.8 2705:Loxia Distagon T✻ 25mm f/2.4 2701:Loxia Distagon T✻ 21mm f/2.8 2664:Batis Distagon T✻ 18mm f/2.8 2449:Makro-Planar T✻ 100mm ƒ/2.0 2059: 1880:F-Distagon 30mm ƒ/3.5 HFT PQ 1842:Makro-Planar T✻ 120mm ƒ/4 ZV 1783:DigiPrime T✻ 70 mm T1.6 1780:DigiPrime T✻ 52 mm T1.6 1777:DigiPrime T✻ 40 mm T1.6 1774:DigiPrime T✻ 28 mm T1.6 1771:DigiPrime T✻ 20 mm T1.6 1768:DigiPrime T✻ 14 mm T1.6 1765:DigiPrime T✻ 10 mm T1.6 1573:, was discontinued in 2023. 933:and other types of cameras. 115:; 178 years ago 7: 4598:. mivision. 20 January 2010 4529:Zeiss Victory RF binoculars 4507:Zeiss Victory HT binoculars 3828:. Institute of Anatomy II, 3512:] (in German). Berlin: 3395: 2825:Milvus Planar T✻ 85mm ƒ/1.4 2810:Milvus Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2 2682:Batis Sonnar T✻ 135mm f/2.8 2615:categories. They cover the 2402:Makro-Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/2.0 1802:Carl Zeiss AG has produced 1762:DigiPrime T✻ 7 mm T1.6 1759:DigiPrime T✻ 5 mm T1.9 828:, and in the production of 553: 10: 5606: 5248:Immune electron microscopy 5166:Annular dark-field imaging 4981:Everhart–Thornley detector 4779:High-Tech Systems Magazine 4336:(retrieved 3 October 2008) 3984:Xiang, Liu (3 July 2013). 3953:"American Optical History" 3739:Cambridge University Press 3359:Laser scanning microscopes 3315:computer numerical control 3262:in 2014 at Mumbai, India. 3092: 3088: 3080: 2870:James Webb Space Telescope 2752:Touit Planar T✻ 32mm f/1.8 2719:Loxia Sonnar T✻ 85mm f/2.4 2714:Loxia Planar T✻ 50mm f/2.0 2709:Loxia Biogon T✻ 35mm f/2.0 2677:Batis Sonnar T✻ 85mm f/1.8 2669:Batis Distagon T✻ 25mm f/2 2602:Zeiss Otus 28mm ƒ/1.4 lens 2472:Apo Sonnar T✻ 135mm ƒ/2.0 1901:Sonnar 250mm ƒ/5.6 HFT PQS 1889:Distagon 60mm ƒ/3.5 HFT PQ 1382:single-lens reflex cameras 1026:announced on 6 July 2017. 944:, Ross, Koristka, Krauss, 666:Carl Zeiss AG (Oberkochen) 593:(southwestern Germany) as 549:German Democratic Republic 266:42,992 (30 September 2023) 169:, light, electron and ion 32: 25: 18: 5490: 5435: 5402:Hitachi High-Technologies 5384: 5293: 5286: 5153: 5097: 5059: 5016: 5009: 4963: 4912: 4876: 3860:Optics & Laser Europe 3122:, eyeglasses and lenses, 1892:Planar 80mm ƒ/2.8 HFT PQS 1886:Distagon 50mm ƒ/4 FLE HFT 1883:Distagon 40mm ƒ/4 FLE HFT 1862:Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/2,8 FE 1839:Makro-Planar T✻ 120mm ƒ/4 1528:digital (Yashica/Kyocera) 832:lenses. Abbe started the 701: 665: 659: 641: 520:single-lens reflex camera 255: 246: 241: 221: 205: 162: 152: 137: 127: 95: 85: 71: 56: 47: 5427:Thermo Fisher Scientific 5253:Geometric phase analysis 5141:Aberration-Corrected TEM 4540:Zeiss entry level optics 2771:Zeiss Milvus ƒ/1.4 50 mm 1898:Sonnar 150mm ƒ/4 HFT PQS 1818:F-Distagon T✻ 30mm ƒ/3.5 1571:Android operating system 1417:Zeiss also acquired the 749:American Optical Company 677:divisions back to Jena. 660:Jenoptik Carl Zeiss Jena 237:€1,686 million (2022/23) 217:10,108 million (2022/23) 5176:Charge contrast imaging 4986:Field electron emission 4472:9 December 2008 at the 4172:Zeiss Consumer Products 3886:24 January 2009 at the 3537:Wells, John C. (2008), 3260:VisionPlus or VP Awards 2863: 2647:Zeiss Batis ƒ/2.0 25 mm 2352:Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2.0 2331:Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/1.4 2307:Distagon T✻ 28mm ƒ/2.0 2282:Distagon T✻ 25mm ƒ/2.8 2261:Distagon T✻ 25mm ƒ/2.0 2238:Distagon T✻ 21mm ƒ/2.8 2215:Distagon T✻ 18mm ƒ/3.5 2194:Distagon T✻ 15mm ƒ/2.8 2126:Tele-Tessar T✻ 85mm ƒ/4 1895:Planar 110mm ƒ/2 HFT PQ 1827:Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/4 ZV 1404:and either the popular 1208:folding rollfilm camera 1048:Zeiss Ikon film cameras 888:With the advent of the 663:was split in two, with 5366:Thomas Eugene Everhart 4234:Matanle, Ivor (1996). 4193:Matanle, Ivor (1996). 3708:"50 Years of Hensoldt" 3141:helium ion microscopes 3111: 2972:Minolta A-mount system 2929:1/1.2 inch sensor 2903: 2772: 2648: 2603: 2595: 2553:lenses are adapted to 2507:series lenses fit the 2120:C Sonnar T✻ 50mm ƒ/1.5 2117:C Biogon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2.8 2111:Distagon T✻ 35mm ƒ/1.4 2098:C Biogon T✻ 21mm ƒ/4.5 2095:Distagon T✻ 21mm ƒ/2.8 1865:Planar T✻ 110mm ƒ/2 FE 1830:Distagon T✻ 60mm ƒ/3.5 1449:Zeiss-licensed cameras 1438:Rolleiflex SL35 M 1120: 1067: 980: 968:Business relationships 909: 794: 786: 762: 756: 740: 734: 728: 726:, the Finnish/Swedish 722: 717: 653: 647: 613: 607: 601: 599:in 1946, which became 595: 585:activity restarted in 560: 537:Soviet occupation zone 506: 474: 451: 440: 424: 416: 408: 396: 395:Carl Zeiss Jena (1910) 388: 199:planetarium projectors 76: 5371:Vernon Ellis Cosslett 5191:Dark-field microscopy 4317:Hasselblad Historical 4168:"Cameras from ZEISS?" 3731:Gruner, Wolf (2006). 3106: 2947:, beginning with the 2901: 2770: 2655:Batis lenses for the 2646: 2601: 2593: 2425:Planar T✻ 85mm ƒ/1.4 2377:Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/1.4 1975:Planar 135mm ƒ/3.5 T✻ 1851:Sonnar T✻ 250mm ƒ/5.6 1836:Planar T✻ 100mm ƒ/3.5 1804:lenses for Hasselblad 1188:Margaret Bourke-White 1118: 1055: 1029:On 17 December 2020, 975: 907: 792: 784: 715: 699:The companies of the 446: 430: 422: 414: 402: 394: 380: 327:, Germany in 1846 by 16:German optics company 5376:Vladimir K. Zworykin 5026:Correlative light EM 4935:Electron diffraction 4698:27 July 2011 at the 3996:on 29 September 2013 3836:on 30 September 2007 3328:systems for DUV and 3282:Industrial metrology 2841:Super-rotator lenses 2104:Biogon T✻ 28mm ƒ/2.8 2101:Biogon T✻ 25mm ƒ/2.8 2092:Distagon T✻ 18mm ƒ/4 2064:Zeiss ZM lenses fit 1938:cameras, including: 1833:Planar T✻ 80mm ƒ/2,8 1824:Distagon T✻ 50mm ƒ/4 1821:Distagon T✻ 40mm ƒ/4 1810:cameras, including: 1798:Medium-format lenses 1543:rangefinder (Cosina) 1402:focal plane shutters 637:German reunification 510:program, Zeiss used 308:[kaʁlˈtsaɪs] 109:German Confederation 104:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 5341:Manfred von Ardenne 5326:Gerasimos Danilatos 5233:Electron tomography 5228:Electron holography 5171:Cathodoluminescence 4950:Secondary electrons 4940:Electron scattering 4884:Electron microscopy 4870:Electron microscopy 4788:on 1 February 2014. 4618:"VisionPlus Awards" 4376:visual-memory.co.uk 4372:"Untitled Document" 4332:2 June 2010 at the 3906:on 1 September 2018 3353:Optical microscopes 3292:computed tomography 2966:fit the Sony Alpha/ 2499:Canon EF lens mount 2142:Z-series SLR lenses 2138:for this aperture. 1926:Large-format lenses 1877:Rollei 6000 system 1848:Sonnar T✻ 180mm ƒ/4 1845:Sonnar T✻ 150mm ƒ/4 1180:rangefinder cameras 1153:Baldur von Schirach 707:automotive industry 475:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung 447:Office of Zeiss in 355:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung 257:Number of employees 248:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung 44: 5565:Lens manufacturers 5463:Digital Micrograph 5069:Environmental SEM 4991:Field emission gun 4955:X-ray fluorescence 4296:. 28 February 2023 3965:on 3 November 2021 3830:University of Jena 3813:on 10 August 2007. 3755:on 6 December 2019 3428:Walther Bauersfeld 3232:Carl Zeiss Meditec 3112: 3091:(35mm format) and 2925:Nokia 808 PureView 2911:Zeiss worked with 2904: 2773: 2649: 2604: 2596: 2123:Planar T✻ 50mm ƒ/2 2114:Biogon T✻ 35mm ƒ/2 2037:Sonnar 250mm ƒ/5.6 2034:Planar 135mm ƒ/3.5 1992:Sonnar 250mm ƒ/5.6 1989:Sonnar 180mm ƒ/4.8 1978:Planar 150mm ƒ/2.8 1972:Planar 135mm ƒ/3.5 1262:rangefinder camera 1194:Zeiss Ikon cameras 1121: 1068: 981: 910: 795: 787: 718: 657:in 1990. In 1991, 533:United States Army 452: 441: 425: 417: 409: 397: 389: 351:Carl Zeiss Meditec 338:(joined 1866) and 78:Aktiengesellschaft 42: 35:FC Carl Zeiss Jena 5522: 5521: 5486: 5485: 5356:Nestor J. Zaluzec 5351:Maximilian Haider 5149: 5148: 4551:Zeiss Conquest V4 4351:www.jwst.nasa.gov 4174:. 29 October 2020 4022:. 11 April 2019. 3932:on 16 August 2018 3775:Klemperer, Victor 3523:978-3-11-018202-6 3377:X-ray Microscopes 3245:ophthalmic lenses 3225:Medical solutions 3153:telescopic sights 3011:E-mount ZA-lenses 2964:A-mount ZA-lenses 2915:, and later with 2907:Smartphone lenses 2492: 2491: 2136:diffraction limit 2025:Biogon 53mm ƒ/4.5 1918:Distagon 55mm ƒ/4 1915:Planar 80mm ƒ/2.8 1912:Tessar 75mm ƒ/3.5 1512:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1496:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1480:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1464:(Yashica/Kyocera) 1400:line (1967) with 942:Bausch & Lomb 898:Olexander Smakula 883:Dr Ludwig Bertele 591:Baden-Württemberg 373:Corporate history 270: 269: 146:Baden-Württemberg 21:Tarquinio Provini 5597: 5510: 5509: 5498: 5497: 5306:Bodo von Borries 5291: 5290: 5051:Photoemission EM 5014: 5013: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4832:Official website 4790: 4789: 4787: 4781:. Archived from 4776: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4717: 4702: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4624:on 18 March 2014 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4592: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4570: 4564: 4559: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4515: 4509: 4504: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4482: 4476: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4431: 4425: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4343: 4337: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4245: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4204: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4164: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4106: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4053: 4047: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3992:. Archived from 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3964: 3957: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3896: 3890: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3862:. 1 January 2002 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3832:. Archived from 3821: 3815: 3814: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3751:. Archived from 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3713:. Archived from 3712: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3684:. Archived from 3674: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3660: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3541:(3rd ed.), 3534: 3528: 3527: 3516:. p. 1066. 3507: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3472: 3461: 3454: 3423:Telescopic sight 3412: 3410:Companies portal 3407: 3406: 3405: 3253:refractive index 3249:optical coatings 2933:Nokia Lumia 1020 2917:Microsoft Mobile 2883: 2881: 2731:Fujifilm X-mount 2165: 2164: 1537: 1521: 1505: 1489: 1473: 1457: 1357: 1341: 1325: 1307: 1290: 1273: 1255: 1246: 1243: 1234: 1217: 1202: 1161:twin-lens reflex 1099: 1080: 765: 759: 743: 737: 731: 725: 704: 703: 668: 667: 662: 661: 656: 650: 644: 643: 616: 610: 604: 598: 566: 558: 509: 477: 387: 384: 334:. Together with 310: 305: 299: 294: 293: 290: 289: 286: 283: 265: 264: 251: 250: 233: 232: 224:Operating income 213: 212: 123: 121: 116: 111: 81: 63:Headquarters in 61: 52: 45: 41: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5482: 5431: 5380: 5361:Ondrej Krivanek 5282: 5145: 5093: 5055: 5041:Liquid-Phase EM 5005: 4964:Instrumentation 4959: 4917: 4908: 4872: 4867: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4799: 4797:Further reading 4794: 4793: 4785: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4719: 4718: 4705: 4700:Wayback Machine 4691: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4567: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4490: 4483: 4479: 4474:Wayback Machine 4465: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4380: 4378: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4334:Wayback Machine 4325: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4254: 4232: 4228: 4213: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4166: 4165: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4108: 4107: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4086:camera-wiki.org 4080: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3888:Wayback Machine 3879: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3822: 3818: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3749: 3729: 3725: 3720:on 24 May 2011. 3717: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3688:on 27 June 2017 3676: 3675: 3671: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3474: 3473: 3464: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3433:Zeiss projector 3408: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3386: 3346: 3323: 3300:Hewlett-Packard 3284: 3268: 3266:Virtual reality 3241: 3227: 3208: 3192: 3190:Spotting scopes 3164: 3149: 3120:spotting scopes 3101: 2957: 2909: 2887:Stanley Kubrick 2879: 2878: 2866: 2843: 2775:Zeiss produces 2765: 2727: 2692:Zeiss produces 2690: 2651:Zeiss produces 2641: 2588: 2578:lenses fit the 2571: 2564:lenses fit the 2497:lenses fit the 2168:Optical design 2144: 2132: 2107: 2062: 2042: 1997: 1928: 1923: 1909:Rolleiflex TLR 1870: 1800: 1795: 1698: 1584: 1579: 1562: 1544: 1538: 1529: 1522: 1513: 1506: 1497: 1490: 1481: 1474: 1465: 1458: 1446: 1423:Prominent (135) 1415: 1392:, the high-end 1364: 1358: 1349: 1342: 1333: 1326: 1317: 1308: 1299: 1291: 1282: 1274: 1265: 1256: 1247: 1244: 1235: 1226: 1218: 1209: 1203: 1137:Universal Juwel 1093: 1074: 1050: 1045: 970: 927:Linhof Technika 815:Dr. Otto Schott 799:EUV lithography 779: 709:, for example. 687:optoelectronics 651:, which became 648:Zeiss Jena GmbH 589:in present-day 431:VEB Zeiss Jena 385: 375: 321:optoelectronics 317:optical systems 303: 297: 280: 276: 258: 226: 191:spotting scopes 179:medical devices 155: 119: 117: 114: 112: 107: 67: 38: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5603: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5504: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5468:Direct methods 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5316:Ernst G. Bauer 5313: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5295: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5103: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5065: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5020: 5011: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4930:Bremsstrahlung 4927: 4921: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4866: 4865: 4858: 4851: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4825: 4824:External links 4822: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4762: 4737: 4703: 4685: 4660: 4648:vroptician.com 4635: 4609: 4587: 4576: 4565: 4554: 4543: 4532: 4521: 4510: 4499: 4488: 4477: 4459: 4447: 4426: 4413: 4388: 4363: 4338: 4319: 4307: 4281: 4267: 4252: 4226: 4211: 4185: 4144: 4123: 4098: 4073: 4048: 4037: 4007: 3976: 3951:Dick Whitney. 3943: 3917: 3891: 3873: 3847: 3816: 3798: 3791: 3766: 3747: 3723: 3699: 3669: 3652: 3632: 3607: 3582: 3557: 3551: 3529: 3522: 3492: 3462: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3397: 3394: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3345: 3342: 3326:Carl Zeiss SMT 3322: 3319: 3283: 3280: 3267: 3264: 3240: 3237: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3201:Victory Harpia 3199: 3198:Conquest Gavia 3196: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3163: 3160: 3148: 3145: 3133:computer games 3100: 3099:Other products 3097: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3032: 3025: 3008: 3007: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2968:Konica Minolta 2956: 2953: 2908: 2905: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2703: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2671: 2666: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2587: 2584: 2580:M42 lens mount 2569: 2566:Pentax K-mount 2559: 2558: 2548: 2542: 2535: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2143: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2072:A12, and many 2061: 2058: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2008: 1998: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1940: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1812: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1561: 1558: 1546: 1545: 1539: 1532: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1514: 1507: 1500: 1498: 1491: 1484: 1482: 1475: 1468: 1466: 1459: 1452: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1414: 1411: 1406:M42 lens mount 1366: 1365: 1359: 1352: 1350: 1343: 1336: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1318: 1309: 1302: 1300: 1292: 1285: 1283: 1275: 1268: 1266: 1257: 1250: 1248: 1236: 1229: 1227: 1219: 1212: 1210: 1204: 1197: 1195: 1145:Dorothea Lange 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 969: 966: 807:Dr. Ernst Abbe 778: 775: 642:VEB Zeiss Jena 639:of 1989–1991, 635:Following the 578:camera-works. 507:Zwangsarbeiter 374: 371: 311:), branded as 268: 267: 259: 256: 253: 252: 243: 239: 238: 227: 222: 219: 218: 207: 203: 202: 164: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 73: 69: 68: 62: 54: 53: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5602: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5560:German brands 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5535:Carl Zeiss AG 5533: 5532: 5530: 5515: 5514: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5392:Carl Zeiss AG 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385:Manufacturers 5383: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5336:James Hillier 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5089:Ultrafast SEM 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046:Low-energy EM 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4996:Magnetic lens 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4945:Kikuchi lines 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4850: 4845: 4844: 4841: 4833: 4828: 4827: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4766: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4689: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4580: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4525: 4519: 4514: 4508: 4503: 4497: 4492: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4463: 4456: 4451: 4436: 4430: 4423: 4417: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4277: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4253:0-500-01726-3 4249: 4244: 4243: 4237: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4212:0-500-01726-3 4208: 4203: 4202: 4196: 4189: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4133: 4127: 4112:. 6 July 2017 4111: 4105: 4103: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4041: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4011: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3931: 3927: 3921: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3794: 3792:0-7538-1069-7 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3754: 3750: 3748:0-521-83875-4 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3727: 3716: 3709: 3703: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3666: 3655: 3653:9789062999026 3649: 3645: 3644: 3636: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3552:9781405881180 3548: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3525: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3496: 3481: 3477: 3476:"Key Figures" 3471: 3469: 3467: 3460: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3418:Carl Pulfrich 3416: 3415: 3411: 3400: 3393: 3391: 3390:fire shutters 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3349: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3318: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3270:Sold through 3263: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3147:Sports optics 3144: 3142: 3136: 3134: 3129: 3128:ophthalmology 3125: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3107:Zeiss pocket 3105: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2900: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2873: 2871: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2769: 2763:Milvus lenses 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2645: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2600: 2592: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2509:Nikon F-mount 2506: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2066:Leica M mount 2057: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587:manufacturer 1582:Cinema lenses 1577:Camera lenses 1574: 1572: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1542: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1456: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390:leaf shutters 1387: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1362: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1313:("Bullseye") 1312: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1254: 1249: 1239: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1178:line of 35mm 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1117: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1073: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1043:Zeiss cameras 1040: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 978: 974: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919:medium format 916: 906: 902: 899: 894: 891: 886: 884: 878: 876: 871: 869: 864: 862: 857: 852: 848: 844: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 810: 808: 803: 800: 791: 783: 774: 772: 767: 764: 760:" to simply " 758: 752: 750: 745: 742: 736: 735:Zeiss Ikon AG 730: 724: 723:Zeiss Germany 714: 710: 708: 697: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 655: 649: 638: 633: 631: 627: 623: 618: 615: 611:" or simply " 609: 603: 597: 592: 588: 584: 581:In the West, 579: 577: 573: 570: 565: 563: 557: 556: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 527: 526: 521: 517: 513: 512:forced labour 508: 503: 498: 496: 490: 488: 484: 479: 476: 471: 467: 464: 460: 456: 450: 445: 438: 434: 429: 421: 413: 406: 401: 393: 379: 370: 368: 365:, located in 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 343: 341: 337: 333: 330: 326: 323:, founded in 322: 318: 314: 309: 301: 300: 292: 274: 273:Carl Zeiss AG 260: 254: 249: 244: 240: 236: 228: 225: 220: 216: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 165: 161: 157: 151: 147: 143: 140: 136: 133: 130: 126: 110: 105: 101: 98: 94: 91: 88: 84: 80: 79: 74: 70: 66: 60: 55: 51: 46: 43:Carl Zeiss AG 40: 36: 29: 22: 5590:Zeiss lenses 5511: 5499: 5453:EM Data Bank 5417:Nion Company 5391: 5311:Dennis Gabor 5301:Albert Crewe 5079:Confocal SEM 4976:Electron gun 4925:Auger effect 4783:the original 4778: 4765: 4753:. Retrieved 4749: 4740: 4728:. Retrieved 4724: 4688: 4676:. Retrieved 4672: 4663: 4651:. Retrieved 4647: 4638: 4626:. Retrieved 4622:the original 4612: 4600:. Retrieved 4590: 4579: 4568: 4557: 4546: 4535: 4524: 4513: 4502: 4491: 4480: 4462: 4450: 4438:. Retrieved 4429: 4416: 4404:. Retrieved 4401:gsmarena.com 4400: 4391: 4379:. Retrieved 4375: 4366: 4354:. Retrieved 4350: 4341: 4322: 4310: 4298:. Retrieved 4293: 4284: 4270: 4241: 4229: 4200: 4188: 4176:. Retrieved 4171: 4135:. Retrieved 4126: 4114:. Retrieved 4089:. Retrieved 4085: 4076: 4064:. Retrieved 4060: 4051: 4040: 4028:. Retrieved 4019: 4010: 3998:. Retrieved 3994:the original 3989: 3979: 3967:. Retrieved 3960:the original 3946: 3934:. Retrieved 3930:the original 3920: 3908:. Retrieved 3904:the original 3894: 3876: 3864:. Retrieved 3850: 3838:. Retrieved 3834:the original 3819: 3811:the original 3801: 3778: 3769: 3759:12 September 3757:. Retrieved 3753:the original 3733: 3726: 3715:the original 3702: 3690:. Retrieved 3686:the original 3681: 3672: 3664: 3657:. Retrieved 3642: 3635: 3623:. Retrieved 3619: 3610: 3598:. Retrieved 3594: 3585: 3573:. Retrieved 3569: 3560: 3538: 3532: 3509: 3503: 3495: 3483:. Retrieved 3479: 3457: 3452: 3387: 3347: 3324: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3297: 3285: 3274:(previously 3269: 3257: 3242: 3230: 3228: 3206:Rifle scopes 3185:20 x 60 T* S 3157: 3150: 3137: 3124:planetariums 3113: 3078: 3010: 2963: 2958: 2923:series. The 2910: 2892:Barry Lyndon 2890: 2874: 2867: 2844: 2777:manual focus 2774: 2742:Touit 1.8/32 2728: 2725:Touit lenses 2694:manual focus 2691: 2688:Loxia lenses 2657:Sony E-mount 2650: 2639:Batis lenses 2617:35 mm format 2605: 2575: 2574: 2561: 2560: 2550: 2544: 2537: 2531: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2504: 2503: 2494: 2493: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2133: 2081: 2077: 2063: 2043: 1932:large format 1929: 1801: 1593: 1585: 1563: 1547: 1540: 1525: 1509: 1493: 1477: 1461: 1431: 1416: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1360: 1345: 1329: 1328:Voigtländer 1310: 1293: 1276: 1258: 1237: 1220: 1206:Super Ikonta 1205: 1173: 1164: 1156: 1151:, named for 1148: 1136: 1133:Super Ikonta 1132: 1128: 1124: 1122: 1106:August Nagel 1102:Paul Rudolph 1069: 1062: 1028: 1009: 982: 935: 911: 895: 887: 879: 872: 865: 856:Double-Gauss 853: 849: 845: 841:Paul Rudolph 838: 830:apochromatic 819: 811: 804: 796: 773:-based GOM. 768: 753: 746: 719: 702:Zeiss Gruppe 698: 695: 691:mechatronics 634: 619: 580: 541:East Germany 530: 523: 516:World War II 502:Nazi Germany 499: 491: 480: 453: 437:West Germany 432: 346: 344: 312: 272: 271: 138:Headquarters 72:Company type 39: 5397:FEI Company 5331:Harald Rose 5321:Ernst Ruska 5010:Microscopes 4918:with matter 4916:interaction 4755:29 November 4730:29 November 4678:29 November 4440:29 November 4406:29 November 4381:29 November 4116:29 November 4091:29 November 4066:29 November 3990:GSM Insider 3866:19 February 3840:19 February 3692:29 November 3344:Microscopes 3272:VR Optician 3239:Vision care 3214:Conquest V6 3211:Conquest V4 3170:Conquest HD 3109:stereoscope 2877:50 mm 2609:normal lens 2586:Otus lenses 2018:Lenses for 1560:ZX1 digital 1419:Voigtländer 1413:Voigtländer 1361:Contessamat 1348:rangefinder 1245: 1932 1184:Robert Capa 1141:Ansel Adams 1094: [ 1075: [ 938:Voigtländer 826:astigmatism 822:Voigtländer 777:Innovations 675:planetarium 569:Soviet Army 525:Kine Exakta 500:As part of 483:World War I 470:Otto Schott 403:One of the 386: 1847 349:, of which 347:Zeiss Group 340:Otto Schott 171:microscopes 5529:Categories 5478:Multislice 5294:Developers 5154:Techniques 4899:Microscope 4894:Micrograph 4653:11 October 4628:2 November 4602:2 November 4020:optics.org 3514:de Gruyter 3444:References 3384:Fire doors 3276:vr-lens.eu 3220:Victory V8 3217:Victory HT 3179:Victory SF 3176:Victory HT 3162:Binoculars 3116:binoculars 3050:SEL-55F18Z 3043:SEL-50F14Z 3036:SEL-35F28Z 3029:SEL-35F14Z 3022:SEL-24F18Z 2945:HMD Global 2611:and short 2054:Rodenstock 2048:, leaving 1541:Zeiss Ikon 1427:Bessamatic 1371:Kiev brand 1330:Bessamatic 1311:Contarex 1 1240:Model 54, 1238:Box Tengor 1169:box camera 1163:; and the 1024:HMD Global 1016:smartphone 985:Hasselblad 923:Hasselblad 917:, for the 757:Carl Zeiss 741:Zeiss Ikon 671:microscopy 608:Zeiss Jena 587:Oberkochen 564:Zeiss Jena 466:Ernst Abbe 459:Thuringian 455:Carl Zeiss 359:Oberkochen 336:Ernst Abbe 332:Carl Zeiss 195:telescopes 187:binoculars 183:eyeglasses 154:Key people 142:Oberkochen 132:Carl Zeiss 65:Oberkochen 28:Carl Zeiss 5346:Max Knoll 5001:Stigmator 4750:zeiss.com 4725:zeiss.com 4673:zeiss.com 4061:zeiss.com 4030:5 January 3969:16 August 3936:16 August 3910:16 August 3807:"History" 3682:smecc.org 3620:zeiss.com 3595:zeiss.com 3570:zeiss.com 3485:3 January 3480:zeiss.com 3087:format), 3071:SEL-2470Z 3064:SEL-1670Z 3057:SEL-1635Z 2955:ZA lenses 2937:Nokia N90 2846:Ukraine. 2653:autofocus 2613:telephoto 2070:Ricoh GXR 2060:ZM lenses 2050:Schneider 2031:110mm ƒ/8 1566:Zeiss ZX1 1386:Contaflex 1294:Icarex 35 1277:Contaflex 1264:(1932–36) 1221:Contaflex 1157:Contaflex 1020:Nokia N90 931:Contaflex 868:Dallmeyer 771:Brunswick 683:photonics 572:relocated 545:Stuttgart 478:in 1889. 463:physicist 449:Göttingen 433:Flektogon 363:Schott AG 148:, Germany 5501:Category 5448:CrysTBox 5436:Software 5107:Cryo-TEM 4914:Electron 4696:Archived 4470:Archived 4330:Archived 4300:24 April 4262:96-60139 4221:96-60139 4178:24 April 4137:26 March 4024:Archived 3884:Archived 3777:(2000). 3396:See also 3290:(CMMs), 2941:Nokia N8 2851:Hartblei 2737:format. 2555:infrared 2084:lenses. 2022:cameras 1394:Contarex 1259:Contax I 1072:Ernemann 1036:Vivo X60 1001:Logitech 977:Vivo X60 915:Contarex 679:Jenoptik 583:business 555:Kombinat 539:, later 329:optician 163:Products 86:Industry 5513:Commons 5161:4D STEM 5134:4D STEM 5112:Cryo-ET 5084:SEM-XRF 5074:CryoSEM 5031:Cryo-EM 4889:History 4356:1 April 4294:Shotkit 3783:Phoenix 3678:"Zeiss" 3659:15 July 3543:Longman 3373:(SHIMs) 2949:Nokia 8 2541:lenses. 2082:classic 2078:compact 2029:Hologon 2004:lenses 1986:lenses 1554:M mount 1550:Kyocera 1526:SL300RT 1524:Contax 1508:Contax 1492:Contax 1476:Contax 1460:Contax 1363:compact 1112:brand. 1058:Rudolph 993:Yashica 954:Kyocera 921:camera 630:Kyocera 622:Yashica 487:Dresden 304:German: 206:Revenue 128:Founder 118: ( 96:Founded 90:Imaging 5458:EMsoft 5443:CASINO 5422:TESCAN 5287:Others 5186:cryoEM 4877:Basics 4260: 4250: 4219: 4209: 4000:3 July 3789: 3745: 3650: 3625:3 July 3600:3 July 3575:3 July 3549: 3520: 3379:(XRMs) 3367:(SEMs) 3361:(LSMs) 3195:Dialyt 2935:. The 2523:, and 2183:ZF-IR 2158:, and 2020:Linhof 2002:Biogon 1984:Sonnar 1961:Planar 1947:Tessar 1808:Rollei 1462:RTS II 1434:Rollei 1398:Icarex 1176:Contax 1165:Tengor 1155:; the 1149:Baldur 1131:, and 1129:Ikonta 1125:Nettar 1110:Retina 1087:Deckel 1063:Tessar 989:Rollei 958:Cosina 950:Contax 890:Contax 875:Tessar 689:, and 626:Contax 567:. The 522:, the 439:(1967) 5412:Leica 5258:PINEM 5124:HRTEM 5119:EFTEM 4786:(PDF) 4775:(PDF) 3963:(PDF) 3956:(PDF) 3718:(PDF) 3711:(PDF) 3508:[ 3355:(LMs) 3167:Terra 3093:Batis 3089:Loxia 3085:APS-C 3081:Touit 3015:APS-C 2921:Lumia 2913:Nokia 2735:APS-C 2551:ZF-IR 2525:ZF-IR 2180:ZF-I 2177:ZF.2 2046:Nikon 1936:press 1344:Kiev 1098:] 1083:Goerz 1079:] 1012:Nokia 946:Kodak 763:Zeiss 495:Leica 405:Stasi 367:Mainz 313:ZEISS 242:Owner 5473:IUCr 5407:JEOL 5278:WBDF 5273:WDXS 5223:EBIC 5218:EELS 5213:ECCI 5201:EBSD 5181:CBED 5129:STEM 4757:2017 4732:2017 4680:2017 4655:2020 4630:2015 4604:2015 4442:2017 4408:2017 4383:2017 4358:2021 4302:2023 4258:LCCN 4248:ISBN 4217:LCCN 4207:ISBN 4180:2023 4139:2021 4118:2017 4093:2017 4068:2017 4032:2020 4002:2013 3971:2018 3938:2018 3912:2018 3868:2008 3842:2008 3787:ISBN 3761:2011 3743:ISBN 3694:2017 3661:2023 3648:ISBN 3627:2019 3602:2019 3577:2019 3547:ISBN 3518:ISBN 3487:2024 3338:ASML 3334:chip 3118:and 2939:and 2882:/0.7 2864:NASA 2545:ZF-I 2538:ZF.2 2521:ZF-I 2517:ZF.2 2052:and 1934:and 1806:and 1589:Arri 1564:The 1186:and 1167:, a 1159:, a 1143:and 1066:lens 1031:Vivo 1005:Alpa 1003:and 997:Sony 962:Sony 861:coma 729:Ikon 673:and 614:Jena 576:Kiev 325:Jena 319:and 298:ZYSE 235:EBIT 120:1846 113:1846 100:Jena 5243:FEM 5238:FIB 5206:TKD 5196:EDS 5099:TEM 5061:SEM 5036:EMP 3330:EUV 3173:SFL 3143:). 2976:ADI 2189:ZS 2186:ZK 2174:ZF 2171:ZE 2080:or 1510:645 1332:SLR 1315:SLR 1297:SLR 1280:SLR 1224:TLR 1060:'s 562:VEB 551:as 504:'s 481:By 5531:: 5018:EM 4777:. 4748:. 4723:. 4706:^ 4671:. 4646:. 4399:. 4374:. 4349:. 4292:. 4256:. 4238:. 4215:. 4197:. 4170:. 4147:^ 4101:^ 4084:. 4059:. 4018:. 3988:. 3858:. 3785:. 3781:. 3741:. 3737:. 3680:. 3663:. 3618:. 3593:. 3568:. 3545:, 3478:. 3465:^ 3247:, 2951:. 2872:. 2619:. 2576:ZS 2562:ZK 2532:ZF 2519:, 2515:, 2513:ZF 2505:ZF 2495:ZE 2480:✓ 2475:✓ 2465:✓ 2458:✓ 2455:✓ 2452:✓ 2442:✓ 2439:✓ 2434:✓ 2431:✓ 2428:✓ 2418:✓ 2411:✓ 2408:✓ 2405:✓ 2397:✓ 2394:✓ 2391:✓ 2386:✓ 2383:✓ 2380:✓ 2372:✓ 2369:✓ 2364:✓ 2361:✓ 2358:✓ 2355:✓ 2339:✓ 2334:✓ 2324:✓ 2319:✓ 2316:✓ 2313:✓ 2310:✓ 2302:✓ 2299:✓ 2296:✓ 2293:✓ 2290:✓ 2287:✓ 2269:✓ 2264:✓ 2254:✓ 2247:✓ 2244:✓ 2241:✓ 2231:✓ 2224:✓ 2221:✓ 2218:✓ 2202:✓ 2197:✓ 2160:ZS 2156:ZK 2154:, 2152:ZF 2150:, 2148:ZE 1494:G1 1440:. 1346:4A 1242:c. 1127:, 1096:de 1081:, 1077:de 999:, 995:, 991:, 987:, 940:, 751:. 744:. 693:. 685:, 489:. 383:c. 302:, 285:aɪ 197:, 193:, 189:, 185:, 181:, 177:, 173:, 144:, 106:, 102:, 4862:e 4855:t 4848:v 4759:. 4734:. 4682:. 4657:. 4632:. 4606:. 4444:. 4420:" 4410:. 4385:. 4360:. 4304:. 4278:. 4264:. 4223:. 4182:. 4141:. 4120:. 4095:. 4070:. 4034:. 4004:. 3973:. 3940:. 3914:. 3870:. 3844:. 3795:. 3763:. 3696:. 3629:. 3604:. 3579:. 3526:. 3489:. 3083:( 3073:) 3066:) 3059:) 3052:) 3045:) 3038:) 3031:) 3024:) 2970:/ 2880:f 2570:A 1478:T 291:/ 288:s 282:z 279:/ 275:( 215:€ 122:) 37:. 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.