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240:, where he worked in a machine tool factory and joined the metalworkers' union. He quickly became a committed socialist and labour organiser, for which he was arrested and imprisoned for 30 days in December 1874. After his release, he was one of the youngest delegates to attend the founding congress of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD) in 1875. The same year, became the full-time editor of the social-democratic newspaper
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316:). His government was re-elected in 1921, 1924, and 1927. In 1922, he took over the education ministry and worked to implement universal primary education across the state. He became a broadly popular figure in Hesse during his long political career, earning the nickname "the red grand duke" (
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in the upper house until 1896, and served continuously as a member of the lower house and its successor bodies until 1931. He was a prominent pragmatist within the SPD and stayed out of its many disputes over theory, declaring in 1898: "We don't float in the clouds, we live on the earth."
301:, which served until the first elections were held in January 1919. They delivered a victory for the SPD, and Ulrich formed a second cabinet with the DDP and Zentrum which took office in February. At the same time, he was elected to the National Assembly of the new
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from 1918 to 1928. He was a member of the
Hessian state parliament for 46 continuous years from 1885 to 1931, making him the longest-serving legislator in German history. He also served in the Reichstag for 36 years between 1890 and 1930.
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Ulrich was born in
Braunschweig in 1853. The son of a shoemaker, he left school in 1867 and completed an apprenticeship as a mechanical engineer. In 1872, he traveled throughout Germany and nearby countries, visiting
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in 1890, of which he remained a member until the end of the Empire, excluding a single term of absence from 1903 to 1907. He was also elected to the city council of
Offenbach in 1896 and served until 1918.
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In 1885, Ulrich was elected to both chambers of the
Hessian state parliament. Alongside Franz Jöst, he was the first social democratic representative in Hesse. He represented the city of
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Ulrich died in
Offenbach city hospital on 12 April 1933. He is buried in the old cemetery in Offenbach am Main. A number of landmarks in the city are named in his honour, including the
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and manager of its cooperative printing company. By the end of the 1880s, he was the preeminent leader of the SPD in Hesse. He was elected to the
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on 11 November 1918, and Ulrich became
Minister-President of the new republican state. He formed a moderate cabinet comprising the SPD, the
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The state constitution came into force on 20 March 1920, and Ulrich continued in office as State-President (
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and sentenced to nine months imprisonment. After his release, he became publisher of the
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In 1886, Ulrich and a number of leading German social democrats, including
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194:(28 January 1853 – 12 April 1933) was a German politician of the
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and a letter of congratulations from former Grand Duke of Hesse
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The
Hessian monarchy was abolished at the climax of the
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which crosses the Main river between the
Offenbach and
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443:"Hessian Biography: Ulrich, Carl Theodor Johann"
710:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
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429:"German Biography - Ulrich, Carl"
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374:"German Biography - Ulrich, Carl"
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459:Databank of the German Reichstag
715:Members of the Landtag of Hesse
705:20th-century German politicians
410:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
291:German Revolution of 1918–1919
242:Neue Offenbacher Tages-Zeitung
115:Member of the Landtag of Hesse
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700:Politicians from Braunschweig
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88:Member of the Reichstag
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405:"Who was Carl Ulrich?"
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274:Offenbacher Abendblatt
584:Philipp Wilhelm Jung
349:Carl-Ulrich-Siedlung
238:Grand Duchy of Hesse
608:Ludwig Bergsträsser
525:Ministers-President
326:Frankfurter Zeitung
322:der rote GroĂźherzog
270:Anti-Socialist Laws
437:(in German). 2016.
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382:(in German). 2016.
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669:Boris Rhein
659:Roland Koch
654:Hans Eichel
613:Karl Geiler
546:Carl Ulrich
539:(est. 1918)
481:(in German)
461:(in German)
230:Switzerland
65:Preceded by
23:Carl Ulrich
684:Categories
355:References
347:, and the
345:Fechenheim
266:Ignaz Auer
207:Early life
601:(1945–46)
278:Reichstag
234:Offenbach
216:, Hesse,
126:1885–1931
122:In office
110:1907–1930
106:In office
99:1890–1903
95:In office
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485:6 July
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318:German
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222:Baden
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