Carl Jung - Knowledge

11725: 2115: 2593:, are universal symbols that can mediate opposites in the psyche, are often found in religious art, mythology and fairy tales across cultures. Jung saw archetypes as pre-configurations in nature that give rise to repeating, understandable, describable experiences. In addition the concept takes into account the passage of time and of patterns resulting from transformation. Archetypes are said to exist independently of any current event, or its effect. They are said to exert influence both across all domains of experience and throughout the stages of each individual's unique development. Being in part based on heritable physiology, they are thought to have "existed" since humans became a differentiated species. They have been deduced through the development of storytelling over tens of thousands of years, indicating repeating patterns of individual and group experience, behaviors, and effects across the planet, apparently displaying common themes. 2520:

and general psychological development. Considering its composition in practical physiological and psychological terms, "it consists of pre-existent forms, the archetypes, which can only become conscious secondarily and which give definite form to certain psychic contents." Jung writes about causal factors in personal psychology, as stemming from, influenced by an abstraction of the impersonal physical layer, the common and universal physiology among all humans. Jung considers that science would hardly deny the existence and basic nature of "instincts", existing as a whole set of motivating urges. The collective unconscious acts as the frame where science can distinguish individual motivating urges, thought to be universal across all individuals of the human species, while instincts are present in all species. Jung contends, "the hypothesis of the collective unconscious is, therefore, no more daring than to assume there are instincts."

2704:. The introvert is likened to Apollo, who shines a light on understanding. The introvert is focused on the internal world of reflection, dreaming, and vision. Thoughtful and insightful, the introvert can sometimes be uninterested in joining the activities of others. The extravert is associated with Dionysus, interested in joining the activities of the world. The extravert is focused on the outside world of objects, sensory perception, and action. Energetic and lively, the extravert may lose their sense of self in the intoxication of Dionysian pursuits. Jungian introversion and extraversion is quite different from the modern idea of introversion and extraversion. Modern theories often stay true to behaviourist means of describing such a trait (sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, etc.), whereas Jungian introversion and extraversion are expressed as a perspective: introverts interpret the world 3831:. A 2021 article discusses Jung's attitude towards psychedelics, as well as the applicability of his ideas to current research. As the author writes Jung's "...legitimate reservations about the clinical use of psychedelics are no longer relevant as the field has progressed significantly, devising robust clinical and experimental protocols for psychedelic assisted therapies. That said Jung's concept of individuation—that is the integration of the archaic unconscious with consciousness—seems extremely pertinent to modern psychedelic research." The author also uses work in evolutionary and psychedelic neuroscience, and specifically the latter's ability to make manifest ancient subcortical brain systems, to illuminate Jung's concept of an archaic collective unconscious that evolved prior to the ego complex and the uniquely human default mode network. 2074: 55: 1239:

depression deeply troubled her son and caused him to associate women with "innate unreliability", whereas "father" meant for him reliability, but also powerlessness. In his memoir, Jung would remark that this parental influence was the "handicap I started off with". Later, these early impressions were revised: "I have trusted men friends and been disappointed by them, and I have mistrusted women and was not disappointed." After three years of living in Laufen, Paul Jung requested a transfer. In 1879 he was called to Kleinhüningen, next to Basel, where his family lived in a parsonage of the church. The relocation brought Emilie Jung closer into contact with her family and lifted her melancholy. When he was 9, Jung's sister Johanna Gertrud (1884–1935) was born. Known in the family as "Trudi", she became a secretary to her brother.

7400:(the fate earned through works in previous existences), and who was destined for the life of the spirit, could ignore this injunction with impunity, for to him these obscenities mean nothing. That was also why the two seductresses stood at the entrance of the temple, luring the people to fulfil their dharma, because only in this way could the ordinary man attain to higher spiritual development. And since the temple represented the whole world, all human activities were portrayed in it; and because most people are always thinking of sex anyway, the great majority of the temple sculptures were of an erotic nature. For this reason too, he said, the 3389:". This is the idea that certain coincidences manifest in the world, have exceptionally intense meaning to observers. Such coincidences have great effect on the observer from multiple cumulative aspects: from the immediate personal relevance of the coincidence to the observer; from the peculiarities of (the nature of, the character, novelty, curiosity of) any such coincidence; from the sheer improbability of the coincidence, having no apparent causal link (hence Jung's essay subtitle "An Acausal Connecting Principle"). Despite his own experiments failing to confirm the phenomenon he held on to the idea as an explanation for apparent 2061:, where Jung hoped to increase his understanding of "primitive psychology" through conversations with the culturally isolated residents of that area. Later he concluded that the major insights he had gleaned had to do with himself and the European psychology in which he had been raised. One of Jung's most famous proposed constructs is kinship libido. Jung defined this as an instinctive feeling of belonging to a particular group or family and Jung believed it was vital to the human experience and used this as an endogamous aspect of the libido and what lies amongst the family. This is similar to a Bantu term called 1335:

After studying philosophy in his teens, Jung decided against the path of religious traditionalism and decided to pursue psychiatry and medicine. His interest was captured—it combined the biological and spiritual, exactly what he was searching for. In 1895 Jung began to study medicine at the University of Basel. Barely a year later, his father Paul died and left the family near destitute. They were helped by relatives who also contributed to Jung's studies. During his student days, he entertained his contemporaries with the family legend that his paternal grandfather was the illegitimate son of

3954:) have become a central concern in contemporary neuroscientific investigation of the nature and origins of consciousness. In this sense, as an evolutionary theorist of the mind, Jung was far ahead of his own time. It is only during the first decades of the 21st Century, as scientists began investigating altered, trance and psychedelic states, that Jung’s far seeing and wide ranging theories have found increasing support from the empirically based mind sciences. In this sense we can now appreciate how revolutionary and prescient Jung’s evolutionary conception of human psychology really was. 349: 3436: 1571: 2551: 2544: 1635:, a copy of which he later sent to Freud—who had already purchased a copy. Preceded by a lively correspondence, Jung met Freud for the first time in Vienna on 3 March 1907. Jung recalled the discussion between himself and Freud as interminable, unceasing for 13 hours. Six months later, the then 50-year-old Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zurich. This marked the beginning of an intense correspondence and collaboration that lasted six years. In 1908, Jung became an editor of the newly founded 2558: 2892: 1223: 3333:), who had chronic alcoholism. After working with the patient for some time and achieving no significant progress, Jung told the man that his alcoholic condition was near to hopeless, save only the possibility of a spiritual experience. Jung noted that, occasionally, such experiences had been known to reform alcoholics when all other options had failed. Hazard took Jung's advice seriously and set about seeking a personal, spiritual experience. He returned to the United States and joined a Christian 1323: 2565: 1830: 4142: 1848:, considering it a "single integral whole", even though some of these original journals have a brown cover. The material Jung wrote was subjected to several edits, hand-written and typed, including another, "second layer" of text, his continual psychological interpretations during the process of editing. Around 1915, Jung commissioned a large red leather-bound book, and began to transcribe his notes, along with painting, working intermittently for sixteen years. 1498: 1520:—became the principal proprietor, but the Jungs remained shareholders in a thriving business that ensured the family's financial security for decades. Emma Jung, whose education had been limited, evinced considerable ability and interest in her husband's research and threw herself into studies and acted as his assistant at Burghölzli. She eventually became a noted psychoanalyst in her own right. The marriage lasted until Emma died in 1955. They had five children: 13919: 12742: 320: 2356: 3950:, it has been suggested that Jung was far ahead of his time in his evolutionary conception of the human mind. This thesis asserts that recent work in developmental biology, as well as experimental and psychedelic neuroscience, have provided empirical evidence that supports some of Jung’s central claims about the nature and evolution of consciousness. More specifically, trance states or altered states of consciousness (what Jung often referred to as the 14177: 12732: 12722: 5195:'For Jung, alchemy is not only part of the pre-history of chemistry, that is, not only laboratory work, but also an essential part of the history of psychology as the history of the discovery of the deep structure of the psyche and its unconscious. Jung emphasized the significance of the symbolic structure of alchemical texts, a structure that is understood as a way independent of laboratory research, as a structure per se.' 11744: 1675: 13929: 12712: 2287: 4115:. He stated in a letter, "There have been other books which describe Freudian analyses, but I know of no other that describes a Jungian analysis" adding "I was deeply afraid that I would put my foot in it, for I have never undergone one of those barnacle-scraping experiences, and knew of it only through reading. So, I was greatly pleased when some of my Jungian friends in Zurich liked it very much." 2826:

developmental approach to evolution that underpinned his "archaeological" conception of the human psyche consisting of different evolutionary layers, from the deeply archaic to the more evolutionarily recent. Those more archaic structures in the brain Jung believed to be the basis of the “collective unconscious” - an aspect of human psychology shared by all members of the species

938: 1477:, which made manifest the developing theoretical divergence between the two. Consequently, their personal and professional relationship fractured—each stating the other was unable to admit he could be wrong. After the culminating break in 1913, Jung went through a difficult and pivotal psychological transformation, exacerbated by the outbreak of the First World War. 2853:. Of these affinities it has been suggested that ‘Jung and Panksepp have, independently it seems, developed similar metaphors of an archeologically layered psyche in which jewels and treasures are discoverable in the deepest phylogenetically ancient regions of the brain – for Jung they are archetypal structures for Panksepp cross-species homologies.' 3605:. Dulles referred to Jung as "Agent 488" and offered the following description of his service: "Nobody will probably ever know how much Professor Jung contributed to the Allied Cause during the war, by seeing people who were connected somehow with the other side". Jung's service to the Allied cause through the OSS remained classified after the war. 2347:, and sociology, as well as literature and the arts. Jung's interest in philosophy and spiritual subjects led many to label him as a mystic, although his preference was to be seen as a man of science. Jung, unlike Freud, was deeply knowledgeable about philosophical concepts and sought links between epistemology and emergent theories of psychology. 1943: 7396:(law), which bids them fulfil their ordinary lives. Only when they have fulfilled their dharma can they tread the spiritual path. The obscenities were intended to arouse the erotic curiosity of visitors to the temples, so that they should not forget their dharma; otherwise they would not fulfil it. Only the man who was qualified by his 3894:. Years later, Bill W. corresponded with Jung, in 1961, thanking him for helping to inspire the organization. Of Hazard, the alcoholic who came under his care, Jung wrote: "His craving for alcohol was the equivalent, on a low level, of the spiritual thirst of our being for wholeness, expressed in medieval language: the union with God." 3472:, in which he analyzed the alchemical symbols and came to the conclusion that there is a direct relationship between them and the psychoanalytical process. He argued that the alchemical process was the transformation of the impure soul (lead) to perfected soul (gold), and a metaphor for the individuation process. 1720:. While they contain remarks on Jung's dissenting view on the libido, they represent largely a "psychoanalytical Jung" and not the theory of analytical psychology, for which he became famous in the following decades. Nonetheless, it was their publication which, Jung declared, "cost me my friendship with Freud". 7388:"When I visited the ancient pagoda at Turukalukundram , southern India, a local pundit explained to me that the old temples were purposely covered on the outside, from top to bottom, with obscene sculptures, in order to remind ordinary people of their sexuality. The spirit, he said, was a great danger, because 6123:

Jung, Carl Gustav & Riklin, Franz Beda: Diagnoistische Assoziationsstudien. I. Beitrag. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Assoziationen Gesunder (pp.55–83). 1904, Journ. Psych. Neurol., 3/1-2. – Hrsg. v. August Forel & Oskar Vogt. Red. v. Karl Brodmann. – Leipzig, Verlag von Johann Ambrosius

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Wehr records that Paul's chosen career path was to achieve a doctorate in philology. He was an Arabist, but the family money ran out for his studies. Relief came from a family legacy, however, a condition of the will was that it should only be offered to a family member who intended to study theology

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during rituals to alter consciousness. As the author writes: "Jung seems to have been dealing with modes of consciousness alien to mainstream Western thought, exploring the terrain of uncharted cognitive domains. I argue that science is beginning to catch up with Jung who was a pioneer whose insights

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Hitler seemed like the 'double' of a real person, as if Hitler the man might be hiding inside like an appendix, and deliberately so concealed in order not to disturb the mechanism ... You know you could never talk to this man; because there is nobody there ... It is not an individual; it is

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the importance of sexual development and focused on the collective unconscious: the part of the unconscious that contains memories and ideas that Jung believed were inherited from ancestors. While he did think that libido was an important source for personal growth, unlike Freud, Jung did not believe

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Initially, Jung had aspirations of becoming a preacher or minister. There was a strong moral sense in his household and several of his family were clergymen. Jung had wanted to study archaeology, but his family could not afford to send him further than the University of Basel, which did not teach it.

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Jung was a solitary and introverted child. From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities—a modern Swiss citizen and a personality more suited to the 18th century. "Personality Number 1", as he termed it, was a typical schoolboy living in the era of the time. "Personality

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The International Society's constitution permitted individual doctors to join it directly, rather than through one of the national affiliated societies, a provision to which Jung drew attention in a circular in 1934. This implied that German Jewish doctors could maintain their professional status as

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in a person's relation to the state and society. He saw that the state was treated as "a quasi-animate personality from whom everything is expected" but that this personality was "only camouflage for those individuals who know how to manipulate it", and referred to the state as a form of slavery. He

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exists as part of the unconscious mind and is composed of the traits individuals instinctively or consciously resist identifying as their own and would rather ignore, typically: repressed ideas, weaknesses, desires, instincts, and shortcomings. Much of the shadow comes as a result of an individual's

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In 1913, at the age of 38, Jung experienced a horrible "confrontation with the unconscious". He saw visions and heard voices. He worried at times that he was "menaced by a psychosis" or was "doing a schizophrenia". He decided that it was valuable experience and, in private, he induced hallucinations

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Clark, Gary. Integrating the Archaic and the Modern: The Red Book, Visual Cognitive Modalities and the Neuroscience of Altered States of Consciousness. In Jung's Red Book for Our Time: Searching for Soul Under Postmodern Conditions Volume 4. Ed. Murray Stein and Thomas Arzt. Chiron Publications, p.

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For just as a man has a body which is no different in principle from that of an animal, so also his psychology has a whole series of lower storeys in which the spectres from humanity’s past epochs still dwell, then the animal souls from the age of Pithecanthropus and the hominids, then the “psyche”

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In commenting on humanity's evolution from an ancient primate ancestor Jung wrote: 'We keep forgetting that we are primates and that we have to make allowances for these primitive layers in our psyche.' Jung also developed the notion of different evolutionary layers in the psyche in his discussion

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In December 1937, Jung left Zurich again for an extensive tour of India with Fowler McCormick. In India, he felt himself "under the direct influence of a foreign culture" for the first time. In Africa, his conversations had been strictly limited by the language barrier, but in India, he was able to

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as a science was still in its early stages, but Jung became a qualified proponent of Freud's new "psycho-analysis". Freud needed collaborators and pupils to validate and spread his ideas. Burghölzli was a renowned psychiatric clinic in Zurich and Jung's research had already gained him international

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into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case. He added a stone, which he had painted into upper and lower halves, and hid the case in the attic. Periodically, he would return to the mannequin, often bringing tiny sheets of paper with messages inscribed on them

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individual members of the international body, even though they were excluded from the German affiliate, as well as from other German medical societies operating under the Nazis. Jung went on to say "the main point is to get a young and insecure science into a place of safety during an earthquake".

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The collective unconscious consists of universal heritable elements common to all humans, distinct from other species. However, this does not necessarily imply a genetic cause. It encapsulates fields of evolutionary biology, history of civilization, ethnology, brain and nervous system development,

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in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard he momentarily lost consciousness. (Jung later recognized the incident was indirectly his fault.) A thought then came to him—"now you won't have to go to school anymore". From then on, whenever he walked to school or began homework, he

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when Jung was six months old. Tensions between father and mother had developed. Jung's mother was an eccentric and depressed woman; she spent considerable time in her bedroom, where she said spirits visited her at night. Though she was normal during the day, Jung recalled that at night his mother

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has an underlying theme about the duality of man. In one scene, a colonel asks a soldier, "You write 'Born to Kill' on your helmet and you wear a peace button. What's that supposed to be, some kind of sick joke?" The soldier replies, "I think I was trying to suggest something about the duality of

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Commenting on research that was being undertaken during the 1950s, Jung wrote the following in a letter to Betty Eisner, a psychologist who was involved in LSD research at the University of California: "Experiments along the line of mescaline and related drugs are certainly most interesting since

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Jung proposed that art can be used to alleviate or contain feelings of trauma, fear, or anxiety and also to repair, restore and heal. In his work with patients and his own personal explorations, Jung wrote that art expression and images found in dreams could help recover from trauma and emotional

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The above claims are documented in the letters of Jung and Bill Wilson. Though the detail is disputed by some historians, Jung discussed an Oxford Group member, who may have been the same person, in talks given around 1940. The remarks were distributed privately in transcript form, from shorthand

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Significantly, in a 2017 article entitled "The Affective Core of the Self: A Neuro-Archetypical Perspective on the Foundations of Human (and Animal) Subjectivity", when noting Jung’s belief that archetypes may be related to evolutionarily ancient subcortical brain systems, Panksepp and colleagues

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During World War I, Jung was drafted as an army doctor and soon made commandant of an internment camp for British officers and soldiers. The Swiss were neutral and obliged to intern personnel from either side of the conflict, who crossed their frontier to evade capture. Jung worked to improve the

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Another disagreement with Freud stemmed from their differing concepts of the unconscious. Jung saw Freud's theory of the unconscious as incomplete and unnecessarily negative and inelastic. According to Jung, Freud conceived the unconscious solely as a repository of repressed emotions and desires.

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Jung's theories are considered to be a useful therapeutic framework for the analysis of unconscious phenomena that become manifest in the acute psychedelic state. This view is based on correspondence Jung had with researchers involved in psychedelic research in the 1950s, as well as more recent

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among others. In the first half of the twentieth century it proved impossible to objectively isolate and categorize the notion of an archetype within a materialist frame. According to Jung, there are "as many archetypes as there are typical situations in life", and he asserted that they have a

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Carl Jung, the practicing clinician, writer and founder of analytical psychology, had, through his marriage, the economic security to pursue interests in other intellectual topics of the moment. His early celebrity as a research scientist through the Word Association Test, led to the start of a

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The result was that Jung's evolutionary conception of mind focused on embryology and development. From this perspective, the emergence of consciousness both in ontogeny (development) and phylogeny (evolution) was built upon much more archaic, affect based subcortical brain systems. It was this

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Of his early years, Jung wrote that ‘mentally my greatest adventure had been the study of Kant and Schopenhauer. The great news of the day was the work of Charles Darwin.’ While Jung’s conception of human psychology is grounded in Darwinian evolutionary theory it is important to note that his

1109:. Jung's research and personal vision, however, made it difficult to follow his older colleague's doctrine and they parted ways. This division was painful for Jung and resulted in the establishment of Jung's analytical psychology, as a comprehensive system separate from psychoanalysis. Scholar 3758:

It must be clear to anyone who has read any of my books that I have never been a Nazi sympathizer and I never have been anti-Semitic, and no amount of misquotation, mistranslation, or rearrangement of what I have written can alter the record of my true point of view. Nearly every one of these

2657:. Individuals project imagined attitudes onto others without awareness. The qualities an individual may hate (or love) in another, may be manifestly present in the individual, who does not see the external, material truth. In order to truly grow as an individual, Jung believed that both the 3681:

under Jung and Meier maintained a position distinct from that of the Nazis, in that it continued to acknowledge contributions of Jewish doctors to psychotherapy. In the face of energetic German attempts to Nazify the international body, Jung resigned from its presidency in 1939, the year the

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and claimed to have witnessed "parapsychic phenomena". Initially, he attributed these to psychological causes, even delivering a 1919 lecture in England for the Society for Psychical Research on "The Psychological Foundations for the belief in spirits". However, he began to "doubt whether an

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has gradually come to be commonly accepted. This was popularised by both Freud and Jung. Whereas an individual's personal unconscious is made up of thoughts and emotions which have, at some time, been experienced or held in mind, but which have been repressed or forgotten, in contrast, the

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leather folio, as well as some of his original "Black Book" journals, from 7 October 2009 to 15 February 2010. According to them, "During the period in which he worked on this book Jung developed his principal theories of archetypes, collective unconscious, and the process of individuation."

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and included 27 distinguished psychiatrists, neurologists, and psychologists. It represented a watershed in the acceptance of psychoanalysis in North America. This forged welcome links between Jung and influential Americans. Jung returned to the United States the next year for a brief visit.

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Jung's mother left Laufen for several months of hospitalization near Basel, for an unknown physical ailment. His father took Carl to be cared for by Emilie Jung's unmarried sister in Basel, but he was later brought back to his father's residence. Emilie Jung's continuing bouts of absence and

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Jung's identification as a "psychoanalyst" was temporary (Quote: "Between the years 1907 and 1912, when Jung was a psycho-analyst"). Following Freud's exclusive definition of the term, Jung stopped referring to his practice as "psycho-analysis". He resigned as president of the International

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argues that his remarks on the "Aryan unconscious" and the "corrosive character" of Freud's "Jewish gospel" demonstrate an antisemitism "fundamental to the structure of Jung's thought" but also argues that there is a "pioneering nature of Jung's contributions" and that "his intuition of the

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unconscious is neither acquired by activities within an individual's life, nor a container of things that are thoughts, memories or ideas which are capable of being conscious during one's life. The contents of it were never naturally "known" through physical or cognitive experience and then

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evolutionary thought had a distinctively German quality to it. This is because the idiosyncratic reception of Darwin in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany resulted in the integration of Darwin's ideas with German embryological and developmental traditions formulated by the

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Jung addressed homosexuality in his published writings, in one comment specifying that homosexuality should not be a concern of legal authorities nor be considered a crime. He also stated that homosexuality does not reduce the value of a person as a member of society. Jung also said that

3801:, it is argued Jung was a pioneer who explored uncharted "cognitive domains" that are alien to Western modes of thought. While such domains of experience are not part of mainstream Western culture and thought, they are central to various Indigenous cultures who use psychedelics such as 7606:. "Sophie Ziegler Jung was later friendly with Lotte Kestner, a niece of Goethe's 'Lottchen'. This Lotte frequently came to see my grandfather—as, incidentally, did Franz Liszt. In later years Lotte Kestner settled in Basel, no doubt because of these close ties with the Jung family." 1252: 3568:

also thought that the state "swallowed up religious forces", and therefore that the state had "taken the place of God"—making it comparable to a religion in which "state slavery is a form of worship". Jung observed that "stage acts of state" are comparable to religious displays:

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and Neanderthal fossils. These formative experiences contributed to his fascination with the evolutionary past of humanity and his belief that an ancient evolutionary layer in the psyche, represented by early fossil hominins, is still evident in the psychology of modern humans.

2380:—(archetype) the contrasexual aspect of a person's psyche. In a woman's psyche, her inner personal masculine is conceived both as a complex and an archetypal image; comparably in a man's psyche, his inner personal feminine is conceived both as a complex and an archetypal image. 6490:"William McGuire, Ed. The Freud/Jung letters: The correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung, translated by Ralph Manheim and R. F. C. Hull. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988 (first published in 1974 by Princeton University Press). 736 pp. $ 15.95 (paper)". 3382:

exclusively psychological approach can do justice to the phenomena in question" and stated that "the spirit hypothesis yields better results". But he retained some skepticism toward his own postulation, as he could not find material evidence of the existence of spirits.

1863:, a historian of psychology from London, tried for three years to persuade Jung's resistant heirs to have it published. Ulrich Hoerni, Jung's grandson who manages the Jung archives, decided to publish it when the necessary additional funds needed were raised through the 3824:

such drugs lay bare a level of the unconscious that is otherwise accessible only under peculiar psychic conditions. It is a fact that you get certain perceptions and experiences of things appearing either in mystical states or in the analysis of unconscious phenomena."

3349:, later co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous. Thacher told Wilson about the Oxford Group, and, through them, Wilson became aware of Hazard's experience with Jung. The influence of Jung thus indirectly found its way into the formation of Alcoholics Anonymous, the original 1436:

It was during this trip that Jung first began separating psychologically from Freud, his mentor, which occurred after intense communications around their individual dreams. And it was during this visit that Jung was introduced to the elder philosopher and psychologist

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Freud saw the younger Jung not only as the heir he had been seeking to take forward his "new science" of psychoanalysis, but as a means to legitimize his own work: Freud and other contemporary psychoanalysts were Jews facing rising antisemitism in Europe, and Jung was

1874:, scanned the manuscript with a 10,200-pixel scanner. It was published on 7 October 2009, in German with a "separate English translation along with Shamdasani's introduction and footnotes" at the back of the book. According to Sara Corbett, reviewing the text for 1728:", but his hypothesis is more about a process than a static model and he also proposed the existence of a second, overarching form of the unconscious beyond the personal, that he named the psychoid—a term borrowed from neo-vitalist philosopher and embryologist 1120:—the lifelong psychological process of differentiation of the self out of each individual's conscious and unconscious elements. Jung considered it to be the main task of human development. He created some of the best known psychological concepts, including 1282:

of Australia. He concluded that his intuitive ceremonial act was an unconscious ritual, which he had practiced in a way that was strikingly similar to those in distant locations which he, as a young boy, knew nothing about. His observations about symbols,

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Bailey, Richard P.; Madigan, Daniel J.; Cope, Ed; Nicholls, Adam R. (2018). "The Prevalence of Pseudoscientific Ideas and Neuromyths Among Sports Coaches". Frontiers in Psychology. 9: 641. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00641. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 5941987. PMID

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became strange and mysterious. He said that one night he saw a faintly luminous and indefinite figure coming from her room, with a head detached from the neck and floating in the air in front of the body. Jung had a better relationship with his father.

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episode, "Frasier Crane's Day Off", Niles fills in for his brother, declaring: "Although I feel perfectly qualified to fill Frasier's radio shoes, I should warn you that while Frasier is a Freudian, I am a Jungian. So there'll be no blaming Mother

11749: 2011:, both visited the US in 1909 to lecture at Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts where both were awarded honorary degrees. In 1912 Jung gave a series of lectures at Fordham University, New York which were published later in the year as 3740:

on Germany as "one man who is obviously 'possessed' has infected a whole nation to such an extent that everything is set in motion and has started rolling on its course towards perdition." He would later say, during a lengthy interview with

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Jung has become enormously influential in management theory; not just because managers and executives have to create an appropriate "management persona" (a corporate mask) and a persuasive identity, but also because they have to evaluate

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found that psychology departments and textbooks treat it as "desiccated and dead". Similarly, Alan Stone noted, "As academic psychology becomes more 'scientific' and psychiatry more biological, psychoanalysis is being brushed aside."

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of the church-states of the Dark Ages—wherein the more the state is 'worshipped', the more freedom and morality are suppressed; this ultimately leaves the individual psychically undeveloped with extreme feelings of marginalization.

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David Bailey's biography of his Great Aunt, Ruth Bailey, 'The English Woman and C.G.Jung' drawing extensively on her diaries and correspondence, explores the deep and long-lasting friendship between Ruth, Jung, and Jung's wife and

10252:"Stark, Tanja, (2015) "Crashing Out with Sylvian: David Bowie, Carl Jung and the Unconscious" in Deveroux, E., M.Power and A. Dillane (eds) David Bowie: Critical Perspectives: Routledge Press Contemporary Music Series. (chapter 5)" 3759:

passages has been tampered with, either by malice or by ignorance. Furthermore, my friendly relations with a large group of Jewish colleagues and patients over a period of many years in itself disproves the charge of anti-Semitism.

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Jung described his 1912 book as "an attempt, only partially successful, to create a wider setting for medical psychology and to bring the whole of the psychic phenomena within its purview". The book was later revised and retitled

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Jung's work on himself and his patients convinced him that life has a spiritual purpose beyond material goals. The main task for people, he believed, is to discover and fulfill their deep, innate potential. Based on his study of

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in his own secret language. He later reflected that this ceremonial act brought him a feeling of inner peace and security. Years later, he discovered similarities between his personal experience and the practices associated with

9957:"Where Will Psychoanalysis Survive?", keynote address to the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 9 December 1995. Alan A. Stone, M.D. "Original Address". Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2012. 8103: 3784:

neuroimaging research where subjects who are administered psychedelic compounds seem to have archetypal religious experiences of "unity" and "ego dissolution" associated with reduced activity in the default mode network.

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between sun and moon. Jung argued that the stages of the alchemists, the blackening, the whitening, the reddening, and the yellowing, could be taken as symbolic of individuation—his chosen term for personal growth (75).

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III, who had come under his care for the first time in 1926, that the only chance he might have to recover was through a "spiritual or religious experience" or "genuine conversion," which Hazard later had, through the

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between individual consciousness and the social community: it is "a compromise between the individual and society as to what a man should appear to be". But he also makes it quite explicit that it is, in substance, a

2780:

in the classical sense known to theatre, with its double function: both intended to make a certain impression on others, and to hide (part of) the true nature of the individual. The therapist then aims to assist the

1804:

Jung spoke at meetings of the Psycho-Medical Society in London in 1913 and 1914. His travels were soon interrupted by the war, but his ideas continued to receive attention in England primarily through the efforts of

4046:

gives a fictional account of one of Jung's cases, placing the events in 1913. According to the author's note, the novel is "based upon a case recorded, very briefly, by Carl Gustav Jung in his autobiographical work

2636:

adaptation to cultural norms and expectations. Thus, this archetype not only consists of all the things deemed unacceptable by society but also those that are not aligned with one's own personal morals and values.

2029:. Jung made another trip to America in 1936, receiving an honorary degree at Harvard and giving lectures in New York and New England for his growing group of American followers. He returned in 1937 to deliver the 8133:

Clark, G. 2023. ‘Rethinking Jung’s Reception of Kant and the Naturphilosophen: Archetypes, Evolutionary Developmental Biology and the Future of Analytical Psychology’, International Journal of Jungian Studies, 1:

2298:

academic theology with an interest in occult phenomena. On his father's side was a dedication to academic discipline emanating from his grandfather, the physician, scientist and first Basel Professor of Medicine,

1182:, as the first surviving son of Paul Achilles Jung (1842–1896) and Emilie Preiswerk (1848–1923). His birth was preceded by two stillbirths and that of a son named Paul, born in 1873, who survived only a few days. 2122:

Jung became a full professor of medical psychology at the University of Basel in 1943, but resigned after a heart attack the next year to lead a more private life. In 1945, he began corresponding with an English

1783:(1962) as a "resounding censure". Everyone he knew dropped away from him, except two of his colleagues. After the Munich congress he was on the verge of a suicidal psychosis that precipitated his writing of his 1459:

The ideas of both Jung and James, on topics including hopelessness, self-surrender and spiritual experiences, were influential in the development and founding of the international altruistic, self-help movement

2476:—(archetype) the central overarching concept governing the individuation process, as symbolised by mandalas, the union of male and female, totality, and unity. Jung viewed it as the psyche's central archetype. 1778:

in 1912 that led to the final break with Freud. The letters they exchanged show Freud's refusal to consider Jung's ideas. This rejection caused what Jung described in his posthumously-published autobiography,

4034:

author who claimed to have had a 16-year friendship with Jung, from which a number of books and a film were created about Jung. The accuracy of van der Post's claims about his relationship to Jung has been

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wrote that ‘such assertions by Jung were not only quite farsighted, but they actually open ways to connect his theory of the psyche with the most advanced scientific theories and discoveries of our day’

4176:

underwent Jungian psychotherapy in 1939 with Joseph Henderson. Henderson engaged Pollock through his art, having him make drawings, which led to the appearance of many Jungian concepts in his paintings.

3637:), a professional body which aimed to have affiliated organizations in different countries. The German affiliated organization, the Deutsche Allgemeine Ärztliche Gesellschaft für Psychotherapie, led by 8196:

Alcaro, A., S. Carta, and J. Panksepp 2017. ‘The Affective Core of the Self: A Neuro- Archetypical Perspective on the Foundations of Human (and Animal) Subjectivity’, Frontiers in Psychology, 8: 1–13.

3945: 7392:, the god of death, would instantly carry off these people (the "imperfecti") if they trod the spiritual path directly, without preparation. The erotic sculptures were meant to remind them of their 6400:(2007b). The snares of seduction in life and in therapy, or what do young girls (Spielrein) seek in their Aryan heroes (Jung), and vice versa? International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 16:12–27, 81–94 3797:. For example, in a chapter entitled "Integrating the Archaic and the Modern: The Red Book, Visual Cognitive Modalities and the Neuroscience of Altered States of Consciousness", in the 2020 volume 8143:

Clark. G. 2024. "Fossils, Anthropology and Hominin Brain Phylogeny". Chapter 2, pp. 38-40. In Carl Jung and the Evolutionary Sciences: A New Vision for Analytical Psychology, Routledge , Routledge

4541:. Fellini preferred Jung to Freud because Jungian analysis defined the dream not as a symptom of a disease that required a cure but rather as a link to archetypal images shared by all of humanity. 10709: 3621:

unconscious has a greater potential than the Jewish unconscious" and "The Jew, who is something of a nomad, has never yet created a cultural form of his own and as far as we can see never will".

2609:

dynamic mutual influence on one another. Their alleged presence could be extracted from thousand-year-old narratives, from comparative religion and mythology. Jung elaborated many archetypes in "

2057:. On the voyage to Africa, they became acquainted with an English woman named Ruth Bailey, who joined their safari a few weeks later. The group traveled through Kenya and Uganda to the slopes of 1197:. Emilie Preiswerk, Carl's mother, had also grown up in a large family, whose Swiss roots went back five centuries. Emilie was the youngest child of a distinguished Basel churchman and academic, 1512:(1882–1955), seven years his junior and the elder daughter of a wealthy industrialist in eastern Switzerland, Johannes Rauschenbach-Schenck. Rauschenbach was the owner, among other concerns, of 4354:

and released on 10 January, addresses the shadows and the darkness that go hand-in-hand with the light and attention shone on celebrities. The next comeback trailer, "Outro: Ego", performed by

2767:, he argues, is a mask for the "collective psyche", a mask that 'pretends' individuality, so that both self and others believe in that identity, even if it is really no more than a well-played 1346:

It was during this early period, when Jung was an assistant at the Anatomical Institute at Basel University, that he took an interest in palaeoanthropology and the revolutionary discoveries of

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Bluhm AC. Verification of C. G. Jung's analysis of Rowland Hazard and the history of Alcoholics Anonymous. Hist Psychol. 2006 Nov;9(4):313-24. doi: 10.1037/1093-4510.9.4.313. PMID 17333633.

1302:

fainted. He remained at home for the next six months until he overheard his father speaking hurriedly to a visitor, about the boy's future ability to support himself. They suspected he had

3736:

Various statements made by Jung in the 1930s have been cited as evidence of both contempt for Nazism and sympathy for Nazism. In the 1936 essay "Wotan", Jung described the influence of

868: 1516:—the International Watch Company, manufacturer of luxury time-pieces. Upon his death in 1905, his two daughters and their husbands became owners of the business. Jung's brother-in-law— 3929:

survey, published in 2002, ranked Jung as the 23rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century. The list however focused on U.S. journals and was made by the psychology department of

1248:

Number 2" was a dignified, authoritative, and influential man from the past. Though Jung was close to both parents, he was disappointed by his father's academic approach to faith.

1754:

Jung and Freud personally met for the last time in September 1913 for the Fourth International Psychoanalytical Congress in Munich. Jung gave a talk on psychological types, the

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plays a distinctive role in balancing one's overall psyche, the counter-balancing to consciousness—"where there is light, there must also be shadow". Without a well-developed

2017:. Jung made a more extensive trip westward in the winter of 1924–5, financed and organized by Fowler McCormick and George Porter. Of particular value to Jung was a visit with 2460:—a framework for consciously orienting psychotherapists to patients, by raising to consciousness particular modes of personality, differentiation between analyst and patient. 9896:

Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; et al. (2002).

1751:, Jung expressed his views on how it related to actual conflicts in the psychoanalytic movement. While Jung spoke, Freud suddenly fainted and Jung carried him to a couch. 10290: 3318:." Jung's ideas on religion counterbalance Freudian skepticism. Jung's idea of religion as a practical road to individuation is still treated in modern textbooks on the 1984:. At the tenth International Medical Congress for Psychotherapy held at Oxford from 29 July to 2 August 1938, Jung gave the presidential address, followed by a visit to 1787:

his seven-volume personal diaries that were only published partially and posthumously in 2009. Eleven years later, in 2020, they were published in their entirety as his

3911:

Jung saw the human psyche as "by nature religious" and made this idea a principal focus of his explorations. Jung is one of the best known contemporary contributors to

1456:. James wrote to a friend after the conference stating Jung "left a favorable impression," while "his views of Freud were mixed." James died about eleven months later. 3572:

Brass bands, flags, banners, parades and monster demonstrations are no different in principle from ecclesiastical processions, cannonades and fire to scare off demons.

2849:

Jung’s notion of different evolutionary layers in the human mind has been compared with the work of neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp, particularly as outlined in his book

2303:, a one time student activist and convert from Catholicism to Swiss Reformed Protestantism. Family lore suggested there was at least a social connection to the German 1706:

without paying him a visit in nearby Zurich, an incident Jung referred to as "the Kreuzlingen gesture". Shortly thereafter, Jung again traveled to the US and gave the

2696:, he theorizes that each person falls into one of two categories: the introvert or the extravert. Jung compares these two psychological types to ancient archetypes, 3301:

may have led him to believe that spiritual experience was essential to well-being, as he specifically identifies individual human life with the universe as a whole.

15885: 15769: 8108: 10143: 2049:

In October 1925, Jung embarked on his most ambitious expedition, the "Bugishu Psychological Expedition" to East Africa. He was accompanied by his English friend,

15880: 3630: 2444:—the way people relate to others is a reflection of the way they relate to their own selves. This may also be extended to relations with the natural environment. 1441:, known as the "Father of American psychology," whose ideas Jung would incorporate into his own work. Jung connected with James around their mutual interests in 1602:

Jung and Freud influenced each other during the intellectually formative years of Jung's life. Jung had become interested in psychiatry as a student by reading

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Jung, C.G. 1970. Mysterium Coniunctionis: An Inquiry into the Separation and Synthesis of Psychic Opposites in Alchemy (Princeton University Press).pp. 212-3

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An account of Jung and psychedelics, as well as the importance of Jungian psychology to psychedelic-assisted therapies, is outlined in Scott Hill's 2013 book

3369:. The 12 step program of Alcoholics Anonymous has a psychological backdrop, involving the human ego and dichotomy between the conscious and unconscious mind. 2647:(often "shadow work", "integrating one's shadow"), an individual can become shallow and extremely preoccupied with the opinions of others; that is, a walking 15865: 13810: 9690:

Clark, Gary. 'Integrating the Archaic and the Modern: The Red Book, Visual Cognitive Modalities and the Neuroscience of Altered States of Consciousness'. In

3341:. He told other alcoholics what Jung had told him about the importance of a spiritual experience. One of the alcoholics he brought into the Oxford Group was 2294:

Jung's thought derived from the classical education he received at school and from early family influences, which on the maternal side were a combination of

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Carhart-Harris, Robin; Leech, Robert; Hellyer, Peter; Shanahan, Murray; Feilding, Amanda; Tagliazucchi, Enzo; Chialvo, Dante; Nutt, David (8 August 2014).

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Dicks-Mireaux, M. J. (1964). "Extraversion-Introversion in Experimental Psychology: Examples of Experimental Evidence and their Theoretical Explanations",

1306:. Confronted with the reality of his family's poverty, he realized the need for academic excellence. He went into his father's study and began poring over 10672: 3576:

From Jung's perspective, this replacement of God with the state in a mass society leads to the dislocation of the religious drive and results in the same

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entitled "Approaching the Unconscious" (published posthumously in 1964). Jung died on 6 June 1961 at Küsnacht after a short illness. He had been beset by

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has elements strongly influenced by Jung's work with Eggers hoping that "it's a movie where both Jung and Freud would be furiously eating their popcorn".

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but recorded a dream in which he did, and of which he wrote, "Liverpool is the pool of life, it makes to live." A plaster statue of Jung was erected in

15774: 7192: 1425:. In late summer 1909, the two sailed for the U.S., where Freud was the featured lecturer at the twentieth anniversary celebration of the founding of 1193:(1794–1864). Paul's hopes of achieving a fortune never materialised, and he did not progress beyond the status of an impoverished rural pastor in the 1036:. He was a prolific author, illustrator, and correspondent, and a complex and controversial character, perhaps best known through his "autobiography" 1310:. He fainted three more times, but eventually overcame the urge and did not faint again. This event, Jung later recalled, "was when I learned what a 8777: 15965: 15764: 9105: 8100:, "May 1968 and the Alternative Globalist Movement – Cadre Class Formation and the Transition to Socialism". In: Angelika Ebbinghaus et al. (ed.), 6396:

Tender love and transference. Unpublished letters of C G Jung and Sabina Spielrein. International Journal of Psychoanalysis'. 80, 1999, 1189–1204;

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distress. At times of emotional distress, he often drew, painted, or made objects and constructions which he recognized as more than recreational.

1806: 1340: 1662:

In 1910 Freud proposed Jung, "his adopted eldest son, his crown prince and successor", for the position of lifetime President of the newly formed

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Thyer, Bruce A.; Pignotti, Monica (2015). Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-7768-1

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believed that Jung's antisemitism may have contributed to the schism from Freud and his circle of psychoanalysts, who were predominantly Jews.

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to denote a process of nature. Jung's definitions of archetypes varied over time and have been the subject of debate as to their usefulness.

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Lunding, N. Chr.; Bruel, Oluf (March 1939). "The Tenth International Congress of Medical Psychotherapy in Oxford, July 29 to August 2,1938".

4005: 3904:, and you use the same word for the highest religious experience as well as for the most depraving poison. The helpful formula therefore is: 9967: 9560: 8487: 8184: 8171: 5448: 5311: 2086:

became an important element in his understanding of the role of symbolism and the life of the unconscious, though he avoided a meeting with

1917:

Jung emerged from his period of isolation in the late nineteen-tens with the publication of several journal articles, followed in 1921 with

1666:. However, after forceful objections from his Viennese colleagues, it was agreed Jung would be elected to serve a two-year term of office. 2452:—element of the personality that arises "for reasons of adaptation or personal convenience"—the "masks" one puts on in various situations. 2436:—the process of fulfilment of each individual "which negates neither the conscious or unconscious position but does justice to them both". 1543:

During his marriage, Jung engaged in at least one extramarital relationship: his affair with his patient and, later, fellow psychoanalyst

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Jung, C.G. 2014b. Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Volume 18: The Symbolic Life: Miscellaneous Writings (Princeton University Press), p. 213

11300:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. discusses Jung's two concepts of "adaptation" and relates these ideas to the work of psychoanalyst 9186: 6173:

Rosenzweig, Saul. The Historic Expedition to America (1909): Freud, Jung and Hall the King-Maker. N.p., DIANE Publishing Company, 2000.

1970: 1663: 1106: 876: 10403: 5528:

Freud wrote, "t was only by his appearance on the scene that psycho-analysis escaped the danger of becoming a Jewish national affair."

2400:—universal symbols that can mediate opposites in the psyche, often found in religious art, mythology, and fairy tales across cultures. 1097:

paramount to their joint vision of human psychology. Jung is widely regarded as one of the most influential psychologists in history.

13757: 13436: 13426: 6503: 4358:, ends with his declaration of self and ego as he appears within a colourful city "in which the artist's current image is projected". 8682: 15835: 14270: 5325: 4287: 3810:

contribute a great deal to our emerging understanding of human consciousness." In this analysis Jung's paintings of his visions in

968: 849: 11382:

Return of the World Soul, Wolfgang Pauli, C.G. Jung and the Challenge of Psychophysical Reality , Part 1: The Battle of the Giants

1140:. His belief that some alcoholics may recover if they have a "spiritual or religious experience" led, in part, to the founding of 15940: 14965: 12778: 11396:

Return of the World Soul, Wolfgang Pauli, C.G. Jung and the Challenge of Psychophysical Reality , Part 2: A Psychophysical Theory

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prolific correspondence and world-wide travel. It opened academic as well as social avenues, supported by his explorations into

15784: 14874: 14365: 13446: 5979: 4693: 15845: 13782: 12582: 12269: 11652: 11625: 11598: 11557: 11538: 11519: 11480: 11451: 11403: 11389: 11375: 11361: 11347: 11326: 11309: 11291: 11277: 11263: 11245: 11224: 11203: 11184: 11171: 11157: 11140: 11126: 11109: 11095: 11081: 11063: 11007: 10990: 10976: 10962: 10944: 10927: 10905: 10873: 10839: 10702: 10637: 10561: 10223: 10169: 10123: 10010: 9825: 9782:

Hill, S.J. 2013. Confrontation with the Unconscious: Jungian Depth Psychology and Psychedelic Experience: Muswell Hill Press.

9428: 9310: 9298: 9277: 9256: 9235: 9211: 9173: 9130: 9029: 9004: 8979: 8954: 8929: 8904: 8876: 8834: 8809: 8653: 8626: 8561: 8531: 8474: 8449: 8425: 8390: 8352: 8289: 8262: 8237: 7936: 7908: 7880: 7852: 7824: 7796: 7761: 7643: 7587: 7538: 7478: 7423: 7330: 7305: 7264: 7204: 7129: 7059: 6856: 6664: 6610: 6579: 6555: 6477: 6453: 6419: 6365: 6259: 6213: 6146: 6085: 6033: 5859: 5688: 5610: 5577: 5337: 5295: 5253: 5167: 3724:

throughout this period and well into the 1920s and 1930s, until the horrors of Nazism finally compelled him to reframe these

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for a meeting among prominent colleagues to discuss psychoanalytical journals. At a talk about a new psychoanalytic essay on

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Hill, S.J. 2013. Confrontation with the Unconscious: Jungian Depth Psychology and Psychedelic Experience: Muswell Hill Press

7018: 15900: 13965: 13742: 13431: 12828: 7986: 5461: 1433:, the Vicennial Conference on Psychology and Pedagogy, September 7–11. Jung spoke as well and received an honorary degree. 660: 9713:"Carl Jung and the Psychedelic Brain: An Evolutionary Model of Analytical Psychology Informed by Psychedelic Neuroscience" 9476:

Carl Jung, interview by Carol Baumann, published in the Bulletin of Analytical Psychology Club of New York (December 1949)

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between 1904 and 1913. Spielrein is the Russian woman who became Jung's lover and student and, later, an analyst herself.

2468:—(archetype) the repressed, therefore unknown, aspects of the personality including those often considered to be negative. 2099: 1410:, of which Freud obtained a copy. In 1909, Jung left the psychiatric hospital and began a private practice in his home in 15975: 15890: 15840: 15830: 15069: 14802: 14433: 13335: 12261: 11866: 10026: 9842:

The Road to Fellowship: The Role of the Emmanuel Movement and the Jacoby Club in the Development of Alcoholics Anonymous.

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process through which the client (re)gains their "own self"—by liberating the self, both from the deceptive cover of the

2392:

to denote supposedly universal and recurring mental images or themes. Jung's descriptions of archetypes varied over time.

881: 11758: 9817:

AA's Godparents: Three Early Influences on Alcoholics Anonymous and Its Foundation, Carl Jung, Emmet Fox, Jack Alexander

2617:". Examples of archetypes might be the shadow, the hero, the self, anima, animus, mother, father, child, and trickster. 2311:, through the latter's niece, Lotte Kestner, known as "Lottchen" who was a frequent visitor in Jung senior's household. 1923:, one of his most influential books. There followed a decade of active publication, interspersed with overseas travels. 1481:

called Jung's intense experience a "creative illness" and compared it favorably to Freud's own period of what he called

1152:, builder, and prolific writer. Many of his works were not published until after his death and some remain unpublished. 15925: 15915: 15789: 15017: 14428: 13752: 13648: 13325: 11899: 11055: 10138: 4346:, which specifically focuses on Jung's "Shadow" and "Ego" theories. As part of the first phase of the band's comeback, 3325:

Jung recommended spirituality as a cure for alcoholism, and is considered to have had an indirect role in establishing

2866: 2073: 1686:, tensions manifested between him and Freud because of various disagreements, including those concerning the nature of 1540:

None of the children continued their father's career. The daughters, Agathe and Marianne, assisted in publishing work.

54: 4278:, specifically the songs "Encadenado al ánima" and "En una lejana playa del ánimus", which deal with anima and animus. 2138:(1959), which analyzed the archetypal meaning and possible psychological significance of the reported observations of 1616:

at Burghölzli Hospital. It was Bleuler who introduced him to the writings of Freud by asking him to write a review of

15850: 15074: 15047: 15042: 12511: 12204: 11026: 10729: 10522: 9848: 9334: 9063: 7453: 7439: 6812: 6719: 5550: 5521: 5419:"Carl Jung's Historic Place in Psychology and Continuing Influence in Narrative Studies and American Popular Culture" 5401: 4885: 4495: 3886:, another alcoholic, get sober, with help from the Oxford Group. Thatcher brought Jung's ideas to a third alcoholic, 3483: 3305: 3089: 1004: 886: 15910: 15170: 14854: 13844: 13732: 13471: 12715: 12615: 10045: 9046: 7448:. C G Jung Gesammelte Werke. Vol. 9/2 (7 ed.). Olten und Freiburg im Breisgau: Walter Verlag. para. 339. 4490: 4238: 3988: 2264: 1992: 862: 714: 17: 15895: 2131:, who became a close friend, regularly visiting the Jungs at the Bollingen estate. Jung became ill again in 1952. 15794: 15738: 13850: 13837: 12928: 12696: 12007: 11677: 9144: 8012: 4055: 3840: 3451: 2771:

through which the collective psyche is expressed. Jung regarded the "persona-mask" as a complicated system which

2734:

appears as a consciously created personality or identity, fashioned out of part of the collective psyche through

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Jung, Music, and Music Therapy: Prepared for the Occasion of the C.G. "Jung and the Humanities" Colloquium, 1987

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described himself as Jungian in his relationship to dreams and the unconscious. Bowie sang of Jung on his album

3983: 15935: 15860: 15855: 15294: 14849: 14300: 13932: 13856: 13496: 12096: 5286: 4732: 2692:

Jung was one of the first people to define introversion and extraversion in a psychological context. In Jung's

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Montiel, Luis, "El rizoma oculto de la psicología profunda. Gustav Meyrink y Carl Gustav Jung", Frenia, 2012,

10335: 15870: 15415: 15284: 15007: 14879: 14762: 14064: 13896: 13598: 13456: 12873: 12668: 12158: 12080: 12038: 11779: 10109: 5077: 4808: 4701: 2976: 2681: 2420: 2013: 1612:. In 1900, Jung completed his degree and started work as an intern (voluntary doctor) under the psychiatrist 1473: 1137: 1038: 694: 684: 188: 10083:

Kantner, Katarzyna (2015). "Podmiotowość "mediumiczna". "E.E." Olgi Tokarczuk jako powieść psychologiczna".

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In 1912 these tensions came to a peak because Jung felt severely slighted after Freud visited his colleague

15955: 15950: 15743: 15356: 15243: 15064: 15054: 14889: 14511: 13883: 13300: 13033: 12476: 12450: 11914: 11811: 11763: 9642:"The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs" 6358:

84–5, 92, 98–9, 102–7, 121, 123, 111, 134–7, 138–9, 145, 147, 152, 176, 177, 184, 185, 186, 189, 194, 213–4

4071: 4063: 3925: 3594: 3456: 1880:, "The book is bombastic, baroque and like so much else about Carl Jung, a willful oddity, synched with an 1618: 961: 798: 650: 9870: 7346:

Vaughan, A.G (2019). "African American cultural history and reflections on Jung in the African Diaspora".

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As a university student Jung changed the modernized spelling of Karl to the original family form of Carl.

3405:

Jung influenced one philosophical interpretation (not the science) of quantum physics with the concept of

2065:

that emphasizes humanity and almost the same meaning as kinship libido, which is, "I am because you are."

1842:". He recorded everything he experienced in small journals, which Jung referred to in the singular as his 15945: 15920: 15593: 15094: 14989: 14958: 14917: 13889: 13816: 13804: 12948: 12771: 11894: 3742: 3598: 1343:. In later life, he pulled back from this tale, saying only that Sophie was a friend of Goethe's niece. 434: 14912: 15960: 15930: 15365: 15037: 14712: 14010: 13863: 13698: 13663: 13558: 13375: 12868: 11992: 6322: 5833:

and become a pastor. Paul Jung, therefore, had his career determined by a will, not his will. See p.20.

5269: 4570: 4519: 4215:, who described Bowie as "reading and speaking of the psychoanalyst with passion". Bowie's 1967 song " 3449:

Jung's acquaintance with alchemy came between 1928 and 1930, when he was introduced to a manuscript of

2891: 2472: 2440: 8801:

Authentic Movement: Moving the Body, Moving the Self, Being Moved: A Collection of Essays – Volume Two

4537:

brought to the screen exuberant imagery shaped by his encounter with Jung's ideas, especially Jungian

1724:

Jung's observations overlap to an extent with Freud's model of the unconscious, what Jung called the "

15420: 15403: 15190: 14844: 14836: 14466: 14200: 14076: 13877: 13643: 13553: 13003: 12978: 12918: 12182: 11715: 11696: 11429: 10865: 5273: 5200:

Alkimia Operativa and Alkimia Speculativa. Some Modern Controversies on the Historiography of Alchemy

4757: 4709: 4511:(1986) is a documentary about Jung featuring interviews with those who knew him and archival footage. 4467: 4397:. It used English dialogue and English actors, but was never formally released in the United States. 4308:, which gives the basic principles of Jung's analytical psychology. It includes an intro song titled 3930: 3244: 2246: 2235: 1871: 1716: 823: 12592: 9914: 9487: 7554: 7412:(house of the womb). This pundit was a Tantrist (scholastic; tantra = 'book')." -- C. G. Jung, from 6871:

McGuire, William. (1995), 'Firm Affinities: Jung's relations with Britain and the United States' in

3978: 374: 15289: 15104: 15027: 14086: 14054: 13990: 13958: 13506: 13023: 11769: 10577: 5794: 4825:(Jung contributed one part, his last writing before his death in 1961; the other four parts are by 4300: 3564: 3153: 2822:. It was these traditions that formed the intellectual background of Jung’s evolutionary thought. 2687: 2654: 1651: 1609: 1504:

in 1911. She assisted her husband in his early research before becoming a psychoanalyst and author.

1430: 1396:. In 1905, Jung was appointed as a permanent 'senior' doctor at the hospital and became a lecturer 1016: 404: 364: 8593: 4450:, Jung, voiced by Tom Park, is featured as one of the recurrent antagonists against Sigmund Freud. 3787:

This research has led to a re-evaluation of Jung's work, and particularly the visions detailed in

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The shadow can appear in dreams or visions, often taking the form of a dark, wild, exotic figure.

15905: 15398: 15180: 15119: 14869: 14476: 14398: 14156: 14121: 14106: 14101: 14091: 14040: 13823: 13717: 13441: 13421: 13395: 13310: 12833: 12541: 12139: 11859: 11368:

From Carl Gustav Jung's Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious to Individual Archetypal Pattern

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McGuire, William (1995). "Firm Affinities: Jung's relations with Britain and the United States".

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conditions of soldiers stranded in Switzerland and encouraged them to attend university courses.

1446: 954: 813: 332: 6656: 6650: 6602: 6596: 4100:, was treated by Joseph Lang, a student of Jung. For Hesse this began a long preoccupation with 3661: 15728: 15329: 15208: 15198: 15175: 14951: 14884: 14687: 14526: 14403: 14383: 14330: 14240: 14195: 14166: 14141: 14071: 14059: 14025: 13922: 13683: 13618: 13451: 12808: 12764: 12384: 12301: 12115: 12064: 12049: 11939: 11753: 10954: 10629: 10110:

Birkhäuser, Peter; Marie-Louise von Franz, Eva Wertanschlag and Kaspar Birkhäuser (1980–1991).

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Eventually, a close friendship and strong professional association developed between the elder

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Clark. G. 2024. "Fossils, Anthropology and Hominin Brain Phylogeny". Chapter 2, pp. 38-40. In

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This work is also cited by Jung himself as "Psychic Conflicts in a Child". See, for example,

4132:. Jung is not a character in this story, but Jung's views on the occult are extensively cited. 1185:

Paul Jung, Carl's father, was the youngest son of noted German-Swiss professor of medicine at

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and other analysts, but remained largely unknown until the 1950s when it was rediscovered by

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Jung, C.G. 2020. C.G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters (Princeton University Press).

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and symbolization. His influence on popular psychology, the "psychologization of religion",

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Jung is also known to have possessed an interest in the Jewish mystic tradition of Kabbalah

3435: 2416:—the repressed organisation of images and experiences that governs perception and behaviour. 15825: 15820: 15708: 15543: 15468: 15334: 15269: 14471: 14408: 14310: 14220: 14050: 14035: 13830: 13668: 13608: 13501: 13305: 13185: 12838: 12557: 12496: 11987: 11959: 11944: 9585: 7530: 5680: 5674: 5418: 4644: 4596: 4538: 4027: 3912: 3863: 3794: 3326: 3237: 3115: 2941: 2875: 2721: 2658: 2648: 2504: 2448: 2412: 2210: 2204: 2090:. He described Ramana as being absorbed in "the self". During these travels he visited the 2050: 1981: 1966: 1958: 1936: 1725: 1461: 1387: 1141: 1133: 906: 619: 394: 158: 127: 13236: 12731: 5330:

Collected Works of C.G. Jung: The First Complete English Edition of the Works of C.G. Jung

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associated his name with the pro-Nazi statement. He did not end his relationship with the

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taken by an attender (Jung reportedly approved the transcript), and later recorded in his

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Psychology of the Unconscious: a study of the transformations and symbolisms of the libido

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Psychoanalytical Association and later was characterized as an "analytical psychologist".

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For six years, Jung and Freud cooperated in their work. In 1912, however, Jung published

1327: 1269: 429: 183: 148: 122: 6913:. Stiftung der Werke von C. G. Jung & W. W. Norton & Company. Volume 1 page 113. 6890: 6445: 6439: 4474:, includes brief appearances of Jung as an ethereal cartoon character, "Soul Carl Jung". 4166:, and corresponded with Jung about the translation of dream symbolism into works of art. 4159: 2094:

where he had a conversation with a local expert about the symbols and sculptures on the

1935:

in 1920. Another seminar was held in 1923, this one organized by Jung's British protégé

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Harris, MD, James C. Clark University Vicennial Conference on Psychology and Pedagogy.

5569:"Pass it on" : the story of Bill Wilson and how the A.A. message reached the world 5009: 4858: 4608: 4600: 4434: 4422: 4409: 4342: 4090: 3891: 3867: 3829:

Confrontation with the Unconscious: Jungian Depth Psychology and Psychedelic Experience

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In 1933, after the Nazis gained power in Germany, Jung became the president of the new

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Jung's family c. 1895: l to r. father Paul, sister Gertrud, mother Emilie and Carl

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Jung left no posthumous instructions about the final disposition of what he called the

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is not so much a 'geographical location', but a deduction from the alleged ubiquity of

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Jung, Carl (1952). "From Editorial Note to the First Edition". In Hull, R.F.C. (ed.).

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1968: A View of the Protest Movements 40 Years after, from a Global Perspective. 43rd

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Jung's Red Book for Our Time: Searching for Soul Under Postmodern Conditions, Volume 4

3638: 3285:, and other traditions, Jung believed this journey of transformation, which he called 2726:

In his psychological theory—which is not necessarily linked to a particular theory of

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Jung's Red Book for Our Time: Searching for Soul Under Postmodern Conditions Volume 4

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but only if one's sexuality is not an aspect of their constitutional characteristics.

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were inspired, in part, by these early experiences combined with his later research.

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Some childhood memories made lifelong impressions on him. As a boy, he carved a tiny

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in 1963, who is considered one of the founders of dance/movement therapy in the US.

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Jung had an apparent interest in the paranormal and occult. For decades he attended

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Common archetypal motifs: Devourer, Great/Benevolent Mother, Wise Old Man, Hero/Self

2484:—an acausal principle as a basis for the apparently random concurrence of phenomena. 1942: 1654:, Massachusetts. The conference at Clark University was planned by the psychologist 529: 15718: 15688: 15558: 15360: 15339: 15319: 15145: 14817: 14812: 14677: 14672: 14572: 14393: 14340: 14295: 14280: 14275: 14151: 14126: 13762: 13703: 13405: 13390: 13385: 13360: 13320: 13295: 13175: 13145: 13013: 12983: 12963: 12823: 12651: 12645: 12628: 12440: 11982: 11977: 11904: 11729: 11419: 10653: 10332:"A Map of the Soul: Persona Syllabus To Help Wrap Your Brain Around BTS' New Album" 9919: 9897: 9724: 9663: 9653: 9609: 9601: 9534: 9499: 8758: 8467:

Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Volume 18: The Symbolic Life: Miscellaneous Writings

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New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought

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Stephen Segaller produced a documentary on Jung as part of his "World of Dreams",

4263:", the singer seeks to become a more evolved self by exploring and overcoming his 3459:. The work and writings of Jung from the 1930s onwards shifted to a focus on the 1870:

In 2007, two technicians for DigitalFusion, working with New York City publishers

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Andrew Reid Fuller, "Psychology and Religion: Eight Points of View", 2002, p. 111

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vol. 9.I (1959), "The Concept of the Collective Unconscious" (1936), ¶91 (p. 43).

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Labyrinths: Emma Jung, her Marriage to Carl and the early Years of Psychoanalysis

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Carotenuto, A. A secret symmetry. Sabina Spielrien between Jung and Freud. Tran.

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whether he believed in God, to which Jung answered, "I do not need to believe. I

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who translated and published the first English volume of his collected writings.

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Pass It On: The Story of Bill Wilson and How the A.A. Message Reached the World.

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Jung: A Journey of Transformation: Exploring His Life and Experiencing His Ideas

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Mary Williams, "The Indivisibility of the Personal and Collective Unconscious",

4813: 4075:- a novel focused on Sigmund Freud in which he solves a murder in New York City. 1991:

In 1946, Jung agreed to become the first Honorary President of the newly formed

1085:. Jung established himself as an influential mind, developing a friendship with 15703: 15698: 15673: 15658: 15633: 15623: 15618: 15488: 15458: 15393: 15012: 14827: 14747: 14742: 14707: 14682: 14652: 14647: 14632: 14627: 14607: 14602: 14582: 14373: 13777: 13727: 13355: 13266: 13195: 13180: 13150: 13125: 13079: 13064: 13059: 12958: 12898: 12883: 12863: 12853: 12848: 12818: 12516: 12435: 12394: 12389: 12012: 11314: 10911: 9968: