335:, Gregory of Nazianzus' successor in the Archepiscopate of Constantinople. Furthermore, Nazianzus taught that Mary was pre-purifed in soul and body prior to the conception of Jesus. Moreover, he bears witness to the earliest known prayer to Mary from the Patristic literary corpus, relating how a virgin prayed to Mary to help her overcome temptation, showing the ascetic matrix that was the context of early Marian devotion vis-à-vis the perpetual virginity. The roots of Marian invocation may therefore be associated with Nazianzus' Nicene circle in Constantinople. Gregory of Nyssa also presents the earliest record of a
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In a brief statement, I shall say that essence (ousia) is related to person (hypostasis) as the general to the particular. Each one of us partakes of existence because he shares in ousia while because of his individual properties he is A or B. So, in the case in question, ousia refers to the general
174:
The fathers set out to demonstrate that
Christians could hold their own in conversations with learned Greek-speaking intellectuals and that Christian faith, while it was against many of the ideas of Plato and Aristotle (and other Greek philosophers), was an almost scientific and distinctive movement
322:
more than 50 years before it became central to the
Nestorian controversy. Gregory of Nazianzus asserted that "if anyone does not believe the holy Mary to be Theotokos, he is without the Godhead." Both Gregories were early witnesses to the understanding of Mary as
262:
conception, like goodness, godhead, or such notions, while hypostasis is observed in the special properties of fatherhood, sonship, and sanctifying power. If then they speak of persons without hypostasis they are talking nonsense,
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The formulation explicitly acknowledged a distinction between the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit (a distinction that Nicea had been accused of blurring), but at the same time insisting on their essential unity.
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346:
While the
Cappadocians shared many traits, each one exhibited particular strengths. Scholars note that Basil was "the man of action", Gregory of Nazianzus "the orator" and Gregory of Nyssa "the thinker".
209:
did not simply disappear. The
Council of Nicea had asserted that the Son was of the same substance (homoousios) as the Father. The semi-Arians taught that the Son is of like substance with the Father
327:", and the contemplation of "the venerable womb of the Virgin" as the place wherein God united "the two natures in one." This language, which particularly abounds in Gregory of Nyssa, anticipated the
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in the unity of the godhead, and proclaim their reverent acknowledgment of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in the complete and perfect hypostasis of each person so named. —Epistle 214.4.
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which was at that time subject to criticism from some circles. Gregory of Nyssa taught that she took a vow of
Virginity, and was perhaps the first theologian to associate the
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233:
The
Cappadocians worked to bring these semi-Arians back to the orthodox cause. In their writings they made extensive use of the (now orthodox) formula "one substance (
1650:
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with the healing of the soul of man and his union with God at its center—one best represented by monasticism. They made major contributions to the definition of the
145:, converted the family's estate into a monastic community. Basil the Great was the oldest of Macrina's brothers, the second eldest being the famous Christian jurist
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214:) as against the outright Arians who taught that the Son was not like the Father, but had been created, and was therefore not God. So the Son was held to be
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Basil thus attempted to do justice to the doctrinal definitions of Nicea while at the same time distinguishing the Nicene position from
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was an equal in the group, and therefore ought to be recognized as "The Fourth
Cappadocian." They contributed to the development of
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Christianity and
Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter with Hellenism
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in the Nicene controversy. The outcome was that
Arianism and semi-Arianism virtually disappeared from the church.
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The
Cappadocians held a higher view of women than many of their contemporaries. Some scholars suggest that
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any three human beings are each individual persons and all share a common universal, their humanity.
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241:)". The relationship is understandable, argued Basil of Caesarea, in a parallel drawn from
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of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.
476:
Beagon, Philip (May 1995), "The Cappadocian Fathers, Women, and Ecclesiastical Politics",
388:"Commentary on Song of Songs; Letter on the Soul; Letter on Ascesis and the Monastic Life"
8:
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153:, also became a bishop. Their maternal grandfather had been a martyr, and their parents,
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with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the
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They made key contributions to the doctrine of the Trinity and to the responses to
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1987:
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963:
779:
607:, vol. 3, Utrecht-Antwerp: Spectrum Publishers, pp. 204, 236, 254,
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211:
19:
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1902:
UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.
1399:
497:
267:
146:
103:
646:
541:
Theotokos : a theological encyclopedia of the Blessed Virgin Mary
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2007:
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709:
319:
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242:
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38:
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763:
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107:
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27:
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3198:
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2303:
1991:
787:
767:
369:: Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom
279:
234:
3240:
3218:
3178:
2396:
462:
517:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 9.
1893:
Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.
218:
the Father but not of the same essence as the Father.
74:
prelates, theologians and monks who helped shape both
576:
Life and Works (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 98)
544:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 71, 160–162.
117:The Cappadocians advanced the development of early
631:
421:
1960:
4092:
447:
141:An older sister of Basil and Gregory of Nyssa,
1946:
1918:whose autonomy is not universally recognized.
1217:
1015:
725:
662:
537:
306:; all three men affirmed the doctrine of the
125:, and are highly respected as saints in both
634:"List of Byzantine structures in Cappadocia"
572:
164:
1231:
1953:
1939:
1910:
1908:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1224:
1210:
1022:
1008:
732:
718:
669:
655:
573:Thaumaturgus, Saint Gregory (2010-04-15).
136:
1596:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
1047:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
1029:
930:: Communion of Western Orthodox Churches
412:
410:
408:
1832:Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church
220:
37:
18:
4111:Christianity and Hellenistic philosophy
1905:
1896:
1872:
867:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
676:
599:
509:
416:
4093:
1855:
1822:Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches
739:
475:
405:
318:. The Cappadocians affirmed the title
289:
1934:
1242:Autocephalous and autonomous churches
1205:
1003:
928:Syncretic Oriential Catholic Churches
713:
650:
343:in the middle of the third century.
183:in 381 and the final version of the
1616:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
380:
112:an early site of Christian activity
13:
2853:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
1971:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
1569:Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)
872:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
811:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
121:, for example the doctrine of the
66:, also traditionally known as the
16:Group of early Christian chaplains
14:
4152:
1544:Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
1539:Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
923:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
826:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
4073:
4061:
3940:María de las Maravillas de Jesús
3797:Seven Maccabees and their mother
2983:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
1843:
1784:Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom
1714:State church of the Roman Empire
1626:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
1564:Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)
1515:
1186:
1070:
898:Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church
892:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
844:
836:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
428:, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers,
314:typologically with Mary, in his
4131:Groups of Roman Catholic saints
1699:First seven ecumenical councils
1586:Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
225:Basil of Caesarea (Fresco from
181:First Council of Constantinople
161:are also recognized as saints.
1745:Moscow–Constantinople schisms
593:
566:
531:
503:
469:
441:
169:
1:
3905:Faustina and Liberata of Como
3093:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia
3038:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
1962:Saints of the Catholic Church
1694:Apostles in the New Testament
1671:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
1591:Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)
1574:Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)
1559:Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)
618:, as quoted in Børtnes, p. 10
579:. CUA Press. pp. 41–87.
373:
4106:4th-century Christian saints
1914:Semi-autonomous part of the
1827:Eastern Orthodoxy by country
331:and Marian theologians like
78:and the monastic tradition.
7:
4116:Cappadocia (Roman province)
1554:China (Moscow Patriarchate)
1549:Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)
538:O'Carroll, Michael (2000).
350:
282:'s original charge against
100:Patriarch of Constantinople
10:
4157:
4136:Groups of Christian saints
4068:Catholic Church portal
3028:Saints of the Cristero War
1263:Four ancient patriarchates
1052:Patriarchate of Alexandria
625:
86:; Basil's younger brother
4056:
3993:
3825:
3667:
3239:
3169:
3101:
3063:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
2833:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
2798:
2563:
2530:
2332:
2274:
2161:
2129:
2046:
2008:Mother of God (Theotokos)
1998:
1968:
1840:
1814:
1769:
1684:
1646:Great Britain and Ireland
1604:
1524:
1513:
1396:
1322:
1261:
1252:
1239:
1183:
1132:
1108:
1079:
1068:
1062:Patriarchate of Jerusalem
1037:
959:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
944:
906:
853:
842:
816:Armenian Apostolic Church
794:
747:
684:
341:Gregory the Wonder Worker
165:Theological contributions
3209:Joseph (father of Jesus)
2595:Athanasius of Alexandria
2377:Athanasius of Alexandria
2261:Theophanes the Confessor
2241:Paul I of Constantinople
2236:Paphnutius the Confessor
2181:Athanasius the Confessor
1676:United States of America
1581:Semi-autonomous churches
1460:Czech Lands and Slovakia
632:Documenting Cappadocia.
3141:Gregory the Illuminator
3111:Augustine of Canterbury
2660:Dionysius of Alexandria
2575:Alexander of Alexandria
1916:Russian Orthodox Church
1850:Christianity portal
1233:Eastern Orthodox Church
1193:Christianity portal
1057:Patriarchate of Antioch
490:10.1163/157007295X00167
357:Amphilochius of Iconium
229:in Kyiv, 11th century.)
137:Biographical background
4121:Byzantine Cappadocians
2580:Alexander of Jerusalem
2186:Chariton the Confessor
2148:in the Catholic Church
1863:severed full communion
1794:Liturgy of Saint James
1789:Liturgy of Saint Basil
1254:Autocephalous churches
984:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
979:Liturgy of Saint Basil
974:Liturgy of Saint James
934:Celtic Orthodox Church
831:Syriac Orthodox Church
806:Coptic Orthodox Church
339:, associating it with
272:
251:
230:
227:Saint Sophia Cathedral
203:First Council of Nicea
106:region, in modern-day
94:; and a close friend,
90:(c. 335 – c. 395) was
59:
35:
24:Gregory the Theologian
4126:Christian terminology
4011:Fourteen Holy Helpers
3975:Trasilla and Emiliana
3126:Evermode of Ratzeburg
3008:Perpetua and Felicity
2978:Martyrs of Sandomierz
2848:Dismas the Good Thief
2775:Theophilus of Antioch
2745:Maximus the Confessor
2680:Epiphanius of Salamis
2620:Clement of Alexandria
2334:Doctors of the Church
2226:Maximus the Confessor
2013:Immaculate Conception
1799:Liturgy of Saint Mark
1031:Greek Orthodox Church
484:(2), Brill: 165–166,
392:World Digital Library
259:
247:
224:
41:
22:
3915:Hiltrude of Liessies
3860:Catherine of Bologna
3855:Bernadette Soubirous
3048:17 Thomasian Martyrs
2858:Four Crowned Martyrs
2780:Victorinus of Pettau
2760:Papias of Hierapolis
2730:Jerome of Stridonium
2695:Gregory of Nazianzus
2665:Dionysius of Corinth
2487:Lawrence of Brindisi
2442:Bernard of Clairvaux
2417:Anselm of Canterbury
2372:Gregory of Nazianzus
2299:Priscilla and Aquila
2196:Edward the Confessor
694:Gregory of Nazianzus
478:Vigiliae Christianae
367:Three Holy Hierarchs
237:) in three persons (
96:Gregory of Nazianzus
3965:Teresa of the Andes
3845:Angela of the Cross
3807:Zechariah (prophet)
2953:Martyrs of La Rioja
2948:21 Martyrs of Libya
2838:Christina of Persia
2818:Charles de Foucauld
2755:Quadratus of Athens
2715:Ignatius of Antioch
2685:Fulgentius of Ruspe
2635:Cyril of Alexandria
2630:Cyprian of Carthage
2615:Cappadocian Fathers
2512:Hildegard of Bingen
2382:Cyril of Alexandria
2256:Sergius of Radonezh
2018:Perpetual virginity
1526:Autonomous churches
854:Autonomous churches
821:Holy See of Cilicia
678:Cappadocian Fathers
459:W.K. Lowther Clarke
424:Historical Theology
308:perpetual virginity
290:Women and Mariology
187:, finalised there.
159:Emmelia of Caesarea
149:. Another brother,
72:Byzantine Christian
64:Cappadocian Fathers
4141:Cappadocian Greeks
4006:Four Holy Marshals
4001:Calendar of saints
3970:Teresa of Calcutta
3950:Patricia of Naples
3875:Catherine of Siena
3156:Patrick of Ireland
3078:Vietnamese Martyrs
2968:Martyrs of Otranto
2923:Martyrs of Cajonos
2918:Martyrs of Algeria
2913:Martyrs of Albania
2873:The Holy Innocents
2843:Devasahayam Pillai
2828:Carthusian Martyrs
2770:Polycarp of Smyrna
2725:Isidore of Seville
2710:Hippolytus of Rome
2705:Hilary of Poitiers
2640:Cyril of Jerusalem
2605:Caesarius of Arles
2600:Augustine of Hippo
2502:Thérèse of Lisieux
2497:Catherine of Siena
2447:Hilary of Poitiers
2422:Isidore of Seville
2397:Bede the Venerable
2387:Cyril of Jerusalem
2352:Augustine of Hippo
2266:Pio of Pietrelcina
2231:Michael of Synnada
1666:Spain and Portugal
885:Malankara Jacobite
861:Armenian Apostolic
741:Oriental Orthodoxy
329:Council of Ephesus
257:Thus Basil wrote:
231:
201:Subsequent to the
119:Christian theology
98:(329–389), became
84:Bishop of Caesarea
76:early Christianity
68:Three Cappadocians
60:
36:
4088:
4087:
4080:Saints portal
4031:Miles Christianus
4016:Martyr of charity
3985:Josephine Bakhita
3980:Ubaldesca Taccini
3925:Kateri Tekakwitha
3900:Faustina Kowalska
3890:Eulalia of Mérida
3870:Catherine Labouré
3865:Brigid of Kildare
3692:Baruch ben Neriah
3136:François de Laval
3121:Damien of Molokai
3088:Victor and Corona
3083:Valentine of Rome
2973:Martyrs of Prague
2938:Martyrs of Gorkum
2898:Martyrs of Lübeck
2785:Vincent of Lérins
2765:Peter Chrysologus
2720:Irenaeus of Lyons
2690:Gregory the Great
2675:Ephrem the Syrian
2472:Robert Bellarmine
2467:John of the Cross
2452:Alphonsus Liguori
2427:Peter Chrysologus
2402:Ephrem the Syrian
2367:Basil of Caesarea
2342:Gregory the Great
2324:Seventy disciples
2216:Lazarus Zographos
2201:Francis of Assisi
2071:James of Alphaeus
2028:Marian apparition
1928:
1927:
1511:
1510:
1246:Eastern Orthodoxy
1199:
1198:
1100:Church of Albania
997:
996:
782:and parts of the
750:Eastern Christian
707:
706:
689:Basil of Caesarea
601:Quasten, Johannes
586:978-0-8132-1198-5
511:Pelikan, Jaroslov
337:Marian apparition
278:, which had been
179:finalized at the
70:, were a trio of
4148:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4066:
4065:
3945:Narcisa de Jesús
3930:Lucy of Syracuse
3835:Agatha of Sicily
3747:John the Baptist
2993:Maximilian Kolbe
2988:Martyrs of Zenta
2963:Martyrs of Natal
2943:Martyrs of Japan
2933:Martyrs of China
2928:Martyrs of Drina
2863:Gerard of Csanád
2823:Canadian Martyrs
2808:Abda and Abdisho
2750:Melito of Sardis
2740:John of Damascus
2700:Gregory of Nyssa
2585:Ambrose of Milan
2517:Gregory of Narek
2482:Anthony of Padua
2457:Francis de Sales
2392:John of Damascus
2038:Joseph (husband)
1990: →
1986: →
1982: →
1955:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1870:
1859:
1848:
1847:
1741:Old Calendarists
1719:East–West Schism
1582:
1519:
1259:
1258:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1191:
1190:
1095:Church of Cyprus
1090:Church of Greece
1074:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1001:
1000:
969:West Syriac Rite
954:Alexandrian Rite
848:
734:
727:
720:
711:
710:
699:Gregory of Nyssa
671:
664:
657:
648:
647:
643:
641:
640:
619:
617:
597:
591:
590:
570:
564:
563:
535:
529:
528:
507:
501:
500:
473:
467:
466:
457:. Translated by
449:Gregory of Nyssa
445:
439:
438:
427:
418:McGrath, Alister
414:
403:
402:
400:
398:
384:
362:Peter of Sebaste
151:Peter of Sebaste
88:Gregory of Nyssa
44:Gregory of Nyssa
4156:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4060:
4052:
4043:Seven Champions
4036:Church Militant
4026:Athleta Christi
4021:Military saints
3989:
3885:Clare of Assisi
3821:
3757:Judas Barsabbas
3663:
3235:
3165:
3151:Nino of Georgia
3097:
3003:Pedro Calungsod
2958:Martyrs of Laos
2903:Luigi Versiglia
2794:
2735:John Chrysostom
2625:Clement of Rome
2566:
2559:
2526:
2492:Teresa of Ávila
2477:Albertus Magnus
2362:John Chrysostom
2328:
2289:Mary of Bethany
2270:
2176:Anthony of Kiev
2157:
2125:
2076:James the Great
2042:
1994:
1973:
1964:
1959:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1873:
1860:
1856:
1842:
1836:
1810:
1765:
1736:Catacomb Church
1680:
1651:Italy and Malta
1607:
1600:
1580:
1520:
1507:
1496:North Macedonia
1398:
1392:
1318:
1248:
1235:
1230:
1200:
1195:
1185:
1179:
1128:
1124:Church of Sinai
1119:Church of Crete
1104:
1075:
1066:
1033:
1028:
998:
993:
940:
909:
902:
879:Syriac Orthodox
849:
840:
797:
790:
743:
738:
708:
703:
680:
675:
638:
636:
628:
623:
622:
615:
598:
594:
587:
571:
567:
552:
536:
532:
525:
508:
504:
474:
470:
454:Life of Macrina
446:
442:
436:
415:
406:
396:
394:
386:
385:
381:
376:
353:
304:Marian devotion
300:Marian theology
292:
196:Apollinarianism
172:
167:
155:Basil the Elder
139:
92:Bishop of Nyssa
80:Basil the Great
17:
12:
11:
5:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4101:Church Fathers
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4070:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4048:Virtuous pagan
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3812:Zechariah (NT)
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3146:Junípero Serra
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:Francis Xavier
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3073:Uganda Martyrs
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Titus Brandsma
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3018:Pietro Parenzo
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Korean Martyrs
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:Boris and Gleb
2810:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:Desert Mothers
2652:
2650:Desert Fathers
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Peter Canisius
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:Thomas Aquinas
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Mary Magdalene
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Louis Bertrand
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Francis Borgia
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2033:Titles of Mary
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1980:Servant of God
1969:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1904:
1895:
1871:
1853:
1852:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1779:Byzantine Rite
1775:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Church Fathers
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1406:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1329:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1312:Theophilos III
1304:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1271:Constantinople
1267:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1004:
995:
994:
992:
991:
989:Malankara Rite
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
950:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
937:
936:
925:
920:
914:
912:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
888:
887:
882:
875:
874:
869:
864:
857:
855:
851:
850:
843:
841:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
802:
800:
792:
791:
748:
745:
744:
737:
736:
729:
722:
714:
705:
704:
702:
701:
696:
691:
685:
682:
681:
674:
673:
666:
659:
651:
645:
644:
627:
624:
621:
620:
613:
592:
585:
565:
550:
530:
523:
502:
468:
440:
434:
404:
378:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
364:
359:
352:
349:
302:and incipient
291:
288:
284:Pope Alexander
171:
168:
166:
163:
138:
135:
82:(330–379) was
46:(14th century
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4153:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:Maria Goretti
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Agnes of Rome
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
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3053:Thomas Becket
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2507:John of Ávila
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2432:Leo the Great
2430:
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2239:
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2227:
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2219:
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2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
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2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
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2160:
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2151:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
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2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
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1878:
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1864:
1858:
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1797:
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1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:Old Believers
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
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1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Latin America
1654:
1652:
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1637:
1634:
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1426:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:Autocephalous
1395:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1325:patriarchates
1321:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:Bartholomew I
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1175:Since 2008 AD
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:Autocephalous
1078:
1073:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1039:Patriarchates
1036:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1002:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:Armenian Rite
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
943:
935:
932:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:British Isles
916:
915:
913:
911:
905:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
856:
852:
847:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
799:
796:Autocephalous
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
757:autocephalous
754:
751:
746:
742:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
715:
712:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
683:
679:
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
652:
649:
635:
630:
629:
616:
610:
606:
602:
596:
588:
582:
578:
577:
569:
561:
557:
553:
551:1-57910-454-1
547:
543:
542:
534:
526:
520:
516:
512:
506:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
472:
464:
460:
456:
455:
450:
444:
437:
431:
426:
425:
419:
413:
411:
409:
393:
389:
383:
379:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
317:
316:Life of Moses
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
287:
285:
281:
277:
271:
269:
265:
258:
255:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
228:
223:
219:
217:
213:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3960:Rose of Lima
3454:John Paul II
3284:Anastasius I
3254:Adeodatus II
3228:
3103:Missionaries
3013:Peter Chanel
2998:Óscar Romero
2893:Lorenzo Ruiz
2868:Great Martyr
2614:
2437:Peter Damian
2246:Peter Claver
1976:canonization
1898:
1857:
1806:Western Rite
1749:15th–16th c.
1709:Great Church
1429:Ieronymos II
1404:metropolises
1400:archdioceses
1170:1974–2008 AD
1165:1924–1974 AD
1160:1821–1924 AD
1155:1453–1821 AD
1150:1204–1453 AD
891:
878:
860:
677:
637:. Retrieved
614:0-87061086-4
604:
595:
575:
568:
540:
533:
514:
505:
481:
477:
471:
453:
443:
435:0-63120843-7
423:
395:. Retrieved
382:
345:
325:virgin earth
315:
312:burning bush
293:
273:
264:ex hypothesi
260:
256:
252:
248:
232:
215:
200:
189:
185:Nicene Creed
173:
140:
116:
67:
63:
61:
52:Chora Church
32:Chora Church
3920:Joan of Arc
3850:Æthelthryth
3767:Melchizedek
3629:Telesphorus
3619:Sylvester I
3504:Marcellus I
3499:Marcellinus
3419:Gregory VII
3414:Gregory III
3329:Celestine V
3324:Celestine I
3319:Callixtus I
3309:Boniface IV
3299:Benedict II
3274:Alexander I
3249:Adeodatus I
3068:Ulma Family
3058:Thomas More
2908:Martyrology
2883:John Fisher
2532:Evangelists
2412:Bonaventure
2066:Bartholomew
2000:Virgin Mary
1661:Scandinavia
1288:Theodore II
1145:717–1204 AD
908:Independent
784:Middle East
239:hypostaseis
212:homoiousios
170:The Trinity
34:, Istanbul)
4095:Categories
3654:Zephyrinus
3614:Stephen IV
3599:Sixtus III
3579:Simplicius
3524:Nicholas I
3449:John XXIII
3439:Innocent I
3409:Gregory II
3399:Gelasius I
3304:Boniface I
3264:Agapetus I
3259:Adrian III
3230:Matriarchs
3171:Patriarchs
2790:Zephyrinus
2163:Confessors
2131:Archangels
2023:Assumption
1974:Stages of
1608:Assemblies
1489:Epiphanius
1441:Anastasios
1417:George III
1283:Alexandria
1110:Autonomous
639:2023-04-01
524:0300062559
461:. London:
374:References
268:homoousion
147:Naucratius
133:churches.
104:Cappadocia
3910:Genevieve
3817:Zephaniah
3624:Symmachus
3609:Stephen I
3594:Sixtus II
3574:Silverius
3569:Sergius I
3529:Paschal I
3519:Miltiades
3429:Hormisdas
3404:Gregory I
3389:Felix III
3374:Evaristus
3369:Eutychian
3354:Eleuterus
3349:Dionysius
3344:Damasus I
3339:Cornelius
3334:Clement I
3279:Anacletus
3023:Philomena
2670:Dionysius
2645:Damasus I
2590:Anatolius
2276:Disciples
2211:Homobonus
2171:Anatolius
1984:Venerable
1465:Rastislav
1350:Porfirije
1307:Jerusalem
1140:33–717 AD
753:communion
605:Patrology
320:Theotokos
243:Platonism
3994:See also
3895:Euphemia
3732:Jeremiah
3712:Habakkuk
3669:Prophets
3644:Vitalian
3639:Victor I
3589:Sixtus I
3584:Siricius
3514:Martin I
3494:Lucius I
3459:Julius I
3424:Hilarius
3394:Felix IV
3364:Eusebius
3359:Eugene I
3289:Anicetus
3161:Remigius
3116:Boniface
2522:Irenaeus
2304:Silvanus
2251:Salonius
2096:Matthias
2061:Barnabas
2048:Apostles
1867:primates
1861:The ROC
1606:Diaspora
1357:Bulgaria
1112:churches
1083:churches
910:churches
798:churches
776:Ethiopia
760:churches
603:(1962),
560:47771920
513:(1993).
451:(1916).
420:(1998),
351:See also
276:modalism
207:Arianism
192:Arianism
56:Istanbul
42:Icon of
3955:Rosalia
3880:Cecilia
3827:Virgins
3787:Obadiah
3762:Malachi
3707:Ezekiel
3659:Zosimus
3649:Zachary
3634:Urban I
3564:Pontian
3539:Paul VI
3474:Leo III
3434:Hyginus
3384:Felix I
3294:Anterus
3224:Solomon
3189:Abraham
3033:Stephen
2800:Martyrs
2567:Fathers
2540:Matthew
2347:Ambrose
2314:Timothy
2309:Stephen
2284:Apollos
2191:Dominic
2153:Raphael
2146:
2144:Michael
2139:Gabriel
2091:Matthew
1988:Blessed
1771:Liturgy
1686:History
1641:Germany
1621:Austria
1484:Ukraine
1472:America
1436:Albania
1386:Ilia II
1381:Georgia
1369:Romania
1323:Junior
1295:Antioch
1133:History
946:Liturgy
772:Eritrea
764:Armenia
626:Sources
498:1584393
397:6 March
333:Proclus
296:Macrina
177:Trinity
143:Macrina
131:Eastern
127:Western
123:Trinity
3802:Simeon
3792:Samuel
3727:Isaiah
3717:Haggai
3702:Elijah
3677:Agabus
3559:Pius X
3554:Pius V
3549:Pius I
3534:Paul I
3484:Leo IX
3479:Leo IV
3469:Leo II
3444:John I
3379:Fabian
3269:Agatho
3204:Joseph
2565:Church
2357:Jerome
2121:Thomas
2111:Philip
2056:Andrew
1724:Raskol
1636:France
1631:Canada
1501:Stefan
1477:Tikhon
1448:Poland
1424:Greece
1412:Cyprus
1374:Daniel
1362:Daniil
1345:Serbia
1338:Kirill
1333:Russia
1300:John X
786:, and
611:
583:
558:
548:
521:
496:
432:
110:, was
108:Turkey
102:. The
48:fresco
28:Fresco
3782:Nahum
3777:Moses
3772:Micah
3752:Jonah
3722:Hosea
3697:David
3604:Soter
3544:Peter
3489:Linus
3464:Leo I
3314:Caius
3241:Popes
3214:David
3199:Jacob
3194:Isaac
2610:Caius
2319:Titus
2116:Simon
2106:Peter
1992:Saint
1815:Other
1534:Sinai
788:India
780:Sudan
768:Egypt
762:from
494:JSTOR
280:Arius
235:ousia
30:from
3742:Joel
3687:Anna
3682:Amos
3509:Mark
3219:Noah
3184:Abel
3179:Adam
2555:John
2550:Luke
2545:Mark
2101:Paul
2086:Jude
2081:John
1759:2018
1754:1996
1453:Sawa
609:ISBN
581:ISBN
556:OCLC
546:ISBN
519:ISBN
463:SPCK
430:ISBN
399:2013
216:like
194:and
157:and
129:and
62:The
3737:Job
1244:of
755:of
486:doi
4097::
1978::
1907:^
1874:^
778:,
774:,
770:,
766:,
554:.
492:,
482:49
480:,
407:^
390:.
245::
205:,
198:.
114:.
54:,
50:,
1954:e
1947:t
1940:v
1402:/
1225:e
1218:t
1211:v
1023:e
1016:t
1009:v
894::
881::
863::
733:e
726:t
719:v
670:e
663:t
656:v
642:.
589:.
562:.
527:.
488::
465:.
401:.
323:"
210:(
58:)
26:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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