143:
64:
20:
310:
36:
134:– "to hold" or "to keep". The purpose of the cap was to keep a crown or coronet secure (and comfortable) on the head, thus its function was simply to "maintain" the coronet in place. The granting of the cap as an honour might refer specifically to the red velvet and/or ermine trim, distinct from a simpler design of the cap.
254:
of a peer) is itself sometimes called a 'cap of maintenance', and is technically a separate item from the crown itself. It may have had a purely practical origin being used to help a crown fit more firmly or to protect the head from bare metal on the crown. As peers' coronets are displayed affronté,
279:
The confusion as to nomenclature stems from references in early borough charters granting the right to the use of a ceremonial sword which is often mentioned in addition to the right to a cap of maintenance. However, this was intended to mean that in civic processions a cap of maintenance should be
300:
In many
English towns where the privilege of a sword was granted by the Crown (for example York, Bristol, Coventry, Lincoln, Newcastle upon Tyne, Norwich, Worcester, Hereford, Exeter, and Hull) the swordbearer wears a variant of the City of London Muscovy Hat, although some wear other sorts of
332:" style of the cap with ermine trimmings forming into a split peak at the back and was copied from a heraldic drawing and not from a genuine cap of maintenance. Caps of this style are still worn by the York Swordbearers.
263:
Several
English cities and towns refer to the use of a "cap of maintenance" as worn by a ceremonial officer, most usually a swordbearer. These are based most often on a design worn by the swordbearer of the
102:, which is worn or carried by certain persons as a sign of nobility or special honour. It is worn with the high part to the fore, and the tapering tail behind. It may substitute for the
541:
272:
authorities a "Muscovy hat" and is a historic reference to the medieval trade with the Baltic. In the 17th and 18th centuries, a
Muscovy hat was sometimes depicted above the
301:
eccentric headgear which they mistakenly also call a "cap of maintenance". However, the 'grant' is a grant of arms and a heraldic charge rather than an actual object.
255:
or facing forward, the only visible parts are the front of the ermine trim and the velvet top (with a gold tassel) – the ermine tails would be invisible.
324:
claims to possess an original medieval cap of maintenance, which is kept and displayed in the
Mansion House; whatever its origin, it is, in fact, a "
196:
280:
carried along with the sword (and mace), signifying that the mayor was the sovereign's representative. The correct form of use can be seen at the
490:
230:
in 2023; he travelled bare-headed in his coach to
Westminster Abbey, and stayed bare-headed until he was crowned. The cap was carried by
375:
527:
517:
501:
The
History of York website, also claims this as a grant from King Richard II in 1393—almost 90 years earlier than Richard III; see
489:
The
Mansion House, York, website claims this as a grant from King Richard II in 1393—almost 90 years earlier than Richard III; see
146:
119:
56:
235:
227:
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343:(1483–1485) and incorporates this into its coat of arms as a quasi-crest but reverses it so that the tail or peak faces to
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273:
204:
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188:
130:
The origin of this symbol of dignity is obscure. One might speculate that the origin relates to the Old French verb
265:
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421:
110:
of a person of special honour granted the privilege by the monarch. It thus appears in such cases on top of the
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2014:
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A heraldic cap of maintenance. It is worn with the tail facing backwards and is depicted in
1464:
1243:
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165:
75:. Between the lion crest and the helm is a cap of maintenance, now almost entirely decayed.
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8:
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do not wear them on such occasions, but wear instead a diadem, as in the case of Queen
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as a mark of special privilege. A cap of maintenance is one of the insignia of the
115:
1969:
542:
George VI pictured in crimson robe and cap of maintenance ready for his coronation
122:, which shows the royal crest upon the royal crown, itself upon the royal helmet.
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In more general terms, the velvet and ermine lining of a crown (or of the
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379:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 442.
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Kings of the United
Kingdom used to wear a cap of maintenance at their
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Research briefing: State
Opening of Parliament history and ceremonial
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The City of York claims the grant of a cap of maintenance from the
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during the procession. The Crown, the Cap of
Maintenance and the
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in front of the monarch. It would be quite improper for a
180:. In modern times, this duty is usually performed by the
2176:
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347:(viewer's left), thus further compounding the confusion.
258:
88:
403:"Baroness Valerie Ann Amos Has Once Again Made History"
238:
are carried under escort to the Royal Gallery for the
534:
are carried before the King in the procession of the
47:
and below the crest. It thus takes the place of the
176:and is carried directly before the monarch at the
16:Ceremonial cap of crimson velvet lined with ermine
480:by Alan Mansfield. London: A & C Black, 1980.
207:during the first part of the coronation service.
2514:
440:London's Coats of Arms and the Stories They Tell
427:(Report). House of Commons Library. p. 15.
118:. It does not, however, feature in the present
562:
370:"Maintenance s.v. Cap of Maintenance"
245:
569:
555:
419:
363:
308:
226:did not wear the cap of maintenance for
160:a cap of maintenance was granted by the
141:
120:royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
62:
39:Position of cap of maintenance within a
34:
18:
437:
2515:
268:. However, this item is called by the
57:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
550:
520:get their own coach on a trip to the
357:
304:
284:, where it is carried alongside the
442:. London: Robert Scott. p. 19.
420:Torrance, David (23 October 2023).
13:
274:coat of arms of the City of London
106:(a twisted roll of fabric) in the
83:, known in heraldic language as a
14:
2544:
1185:Head covering for Christian women
576:
511:
199:: it was worn for the journey to
137:
266:Lord Mayor of the City of London
195:, as seen most recently at the
79:Typical of British heraldry, a
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483:
471:
446:
431:
413:
395:
389:Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.2,
383:
85:chapeau gules turned up ermine
1:
350:
458:London Metropolitan Archives
259:Confusion with "Muscovy hat"
197:coronation of King George VI
182:Leader of the House of Lords
27:with the tail facing to the
7:
2533:State ritual and ceremonies
536:State Opening of Parliament
295:
282:State Opening of Parliament
240:state opening of Parliament
178:State Opening of Parliament
10:
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125:
67:Shield, helm and crest of
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438:Crosley, Richard (1928).
156:Oxford English Dictionary
518:The Crown, Cap and Sword
314:Arms of the City of York
246:Lining of peer's coronet
69:Edward, the Black Prince
491:The Mansion House, York
376:Encyclopædia Britannica
219:before her coronation.
43:, namely on top of the
528:The cap of maintenance
317:
217:George IV State Diadem
150:
76:
60:
32:
1224:Salvation Army bonnet
522:Palace of Westminster
456:. Research Guide 11.
312:
145:
66:
38:
22:
2528:Headgear in heraldry
407:Guyanese Girls Rock!
149:with the cap in 2024
108:heraldic achievement
73:Canterbury Cathedral
41:heraldic achievement
1608:Coal scuttle bonnet
894:Casquette d'Afrique
503:York's coat of arms
71:, from his tomb in
2075:sombrero de catite
1393:Boss of the Plains
591:List of hat styles
478:Ceremonial Costume
318:
305:City of York usage
151:
87:, is a ceremonial
81:cap of maintenance
77:
61:
53:Garter stall plate
33:
2510:
2509:
2300:Haredi burqa sect
2097:Stormy Kromer cap
2080:sombrero vueltiao
2070:sombrero cordobés
1716:
1715:
1549:
1548:
1329:
1328:
1282:
1281:
201:Westminster Abbey
174:British sovereign
168:and his son King
164:to English Kings
153:According to the
31:(viewer's right).
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2065:sombrero calañés
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1257:epanokalimavkion
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1755:Balmoral bonnet
1745:Astrakhan (hat)
1712:
1545:
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1175:Christening cap
1165:Cappello romano
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1097:Square academic
904:Cavalry Stetson
889:Cappello Alpino
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191:, prior to the
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2117:Tam o' shanter
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1955:Montera picona
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1875:Icelandic tail
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919:Feather bonnet
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512:External links
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367:, ed. (1911).
365:Chisholm, Hugh
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286:Sword of State
270:City of London
260:
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236:Sword of State
228:his coronation
209:Queens regnant
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138:Royal insignia
136:
127:
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114:and below the
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1190:Easter bonnet
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1107:Utility cover
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979:Uniform beret
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638:Draped turban
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409:. 7 May 2023.
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242:by the king.
241:
237:
233:
232:Baroness Amos
229:
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215:who wore the
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21:
2157:Tsunokakushi
1618:Dolly Varden
1519:Sports visor
1504:Horse racing
1489:Bicycle clip
965:
849:Bell-boy hat
767:Cabbage-tree
732:Anthony Eden
497:
485:
477:
473:
461:. Retrieved
448:
439:
433:
415:
406:
397:
390:
385:
374:
359:
334:
322:City of York
319:
299:
292:to wear it.
278:
262:
249:
221:
213:Elizabeth II
186:
154:
152:
131:
129:
84:
80:
78:
2480:Accessories
2431:Bumper brim
2335:Mysore peta
2040:Senufo bird
1950:Montenegrin
1885:Jeongjagwan
1830:Energy dome
1785:Blue bonnet
1688:Poke bonnet
1633:French hood
1499:Deerstalker
1458:baggy green
1262:kalimavkion
1212:papal tiara
966:Maintenance
719:Semi-formal
341:Richard III
224:Charles III
98:lined with
2517:Categories
2210:Apostolnik
1840:Four Winds
1815:Dhaka topi
1775:Birke topi
1765:Beonggeoji
1555:Historical
1541:Water polo
1267:koukoulion
1148:Canterbury
1080:Sou'wester
929:karvalakki
648:Fascinator
391:Royal Arms
351:References
330:Robin Hood
189:coronation
170:Henry VIII
147:Lady Smith
2441:Cointoise
2409:Hat parts
2280:Għonnella
2162:Tubeteika
1960:Mooskappe
1870:Glengarry
1730:Arakhchin
1653:Kokoshnik
1509:Mounteere
1494:Casquette
1465:Balaclava
1353:Barretina
1321:Shtreimel
1234:Zucchetto
1219:Pilgrim's
1126:Christian
1117:Religious
1063:triglavka
1043:Rogatywka
1038:Printer's
1026:mariner's
956:Mazepynka
936:Fur wedge
869:Budenovka
821:Wideawake
673:lampshade
618:Cartwheel
463:30 August
193:anointing
166:Henry VII
132:maintenir
2492:Feathers
2446:Gamsbart
2421:Aigrette
2325:Khăn vấn
2255:Cornette
2250:Chaperon
2203:headwear
2192:Yanggwan
2172:Tyrolean
2127:Tanggeon
2060:Sombrero
2020:Rastacap
2000:Pashteen
1915:Keffiyeh
1805:Coonskin
1800:Coloured
1780:Blangkon
1760:Bell-boy
1638:Phrygian
1628:Fontange
1603:Cavalier
1598:Capotain
1593:Bycocket
1536:Swimming
1477:Baseball
1470:facekini
1432:Umbrella
1427:Tin foil
1410:Monmouth
1195:mantilla
1170:Capuchon
1160:Capirote
1102:Tricorne
914:Doctoral
879:Campaign
844:Bearskin
831:Uniforms
811:Pork pie
772:Chupalla
759:Informal
668:Mushroom
628:Cocktail
530:and the
326:Bycocket
296:Variants
290:commoner
29:sinister
25:heraldry
2497:Hat box
2487:Cockade
2466:Sarpech
2400:Yashmak
2350:Paranja
2320:Jang-ot
2270:Dumalla
2230:Boshiya
2215:Bashlyk
2201:Wrapped
2182:Ushanka
2137:Taqiyah
2132:Tantour
2092:Songkok
2050:Šibenik
2035:Salakot
2025:Šajkača
2010:Qeleshe
2005:Pungcha
1995:Papakha
1985:Pahlavi
1975:Ochipok
1965:Nambawi
1945:Malahai
1935:Labbade
1910:Kashket
1900:Karakul
1740:Aso Oke
1693:Pudding
1678:Petasos
1658:Miner's
1583:Boudoir
1578:Bergère
1563:Attifet
1482:trucker
1453:Cricket
1437:Whoopee
1383:Chilote
1301:Kashket
1244:Eastern
1155:Camauro
1143:Biretta
1135:Western
1090:faluche
1085:Student
1058:titovka
970:Chapeau
961:Nurse's
899:Caubeen
854:Bicorne
839:Aviator
816:Smoking
799:newsboy
794:coppola
727:Homburg
692:Pillbox
680:Picture
643:Eugénie
601:culture
599:Western
337:Yorkist
252:coronet
126:Origins
93:crimson
2502:Hatpin
2456:Lappet
2451:Hackle
2390:Turban
2385:Tudong
2380:Tichel
2330:Litham
2310:Hogeon
2275:Emamah
2265:Do-rag
2260:Dastar
2245:Chador
2225:Bonnet
2220:Birrus
2142:Tembel
2107:Šubara
2055:Sindhi
2045:Shyade
2030:Salako
1895:Kalpak
1890:Jobawi
1860:Gandhi
1850:Fulani
1795:Chullo
1790:Chapan
1683:Pileus
1673:Pamela
1668:Modius
1648:Kausia
1643:Hennin
1573:Beaver
1446:Sports
1422:Shower
1388:Cowboy
1378:Bucket
1373:Breton
1368:Bobble
1358:Beanie
1343:Animal
1335:Casual
1316:Spodik
1311:Kolpik
1306:Kippah
1296:Jewish
1288:Jewish
1274:Skufia
1252:Klobuk
1229:Shovel
1200:wimple
1180:Galero
1075:Slouch
1031:sailor
1021:Peaked
1016:Patrol
999:maroon
941:Hardee
924:Forage
909:Czapka
864:Boonie
806:Panama
782:trilby
777:Fedora
749:Buntal
744:Bowler
739:Boater
663:Juliet
623:Cloche
610:Formal
345:dexter
328:" or "
100:ermine
96:velvet
2471:Visor
2461:Plume
2375:Sudra
2370:Snood
2365:Roach
2355:Pheta
2345:Pagri
2340:Niqāb
2305:Hijab
2295:Gulle
2290:Gugel
2235:Burqa
2187:Welsh
2167:Tuque
2152:Topor
2147:Tokin
2102:Straw
1990:Pakol
1920:Kofia
1880:Jaapi
1855:Futou
1845:Fujin
1825:Dutch
1820:Doppa
1703:Witch
1698:Toque
1623:Dunce
1588:Boyar
1514:Rally
1417:Party
1400:Fruit
1363:Beret
1348:Ascot
1207:Mitre
1048:Shako
994:green
984:black
874:Busby
859:Black
707:opera
685:peach
425:(PDF)
339:King
222:King
116:crest
104:torse
49:torse
2523:Caps
2426:Brim
2416:Agal
2395:Veil
2315:Hood
2285:Gook
2240:Caul
2122:Tang
2087:Song
2015:Qing
1980:Paag
1940:Lika
1930:Kuma
1925:Kufi
1905:Kasa
1810:Cork
1750:Ayam
1722:Folk
1613:Coif
1568:Apex
1405:Knit
1053:Side
989:blue
951:Kepi
946:Jeep
789:Flat
658:Halo
653:Half
633:Doll
582:caps
580:and
578:Hats
465:2022
320:The
162:pope
112:helm
45:helm
2177:Upe
2112:Sun
1865:Gat
1835:Fez
1663:Mob
1070:Ski
1009:tan
1004:red
702:Top
697:Tam
184:.
91:of
89:cap
55:of
2519::
405:.
373:.
51:.
977:/
968:/
570:e
563:t
556:v
538:.
524:.
467:.
158:,
59:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
