Cantonal rebellion

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through the route of the cantonal insurrection, they would finally bring down the centralist political system of a unitary republic and establish "from below" the federal political system in Spain, that was previously proclaimed on 8 June in the Constituent Courts. The Decree of 20 July, by which the Government of Salmerón declared the cantonal warships to be pirates, produced a response on 22 July, whereby the cantonalists declared the government of Madrid a traitor. On 24 July, in agreement with the intransigent deputies and the Junta of Cartagena, they created the "Provisional Directory" as the superior authority to give unity and cohesion to the cantonal movement, and extend it with the formation of new cantons. The Provisional Board of Directors was composed of three members: Juan Contreras, Antonio Gálvez and Eduardo Romero Germes. Two days later the provisional Board of Directors was extended to nine components, incorporating the deputies José Mª Pérez Rubio, Alberto Araus and Alfredo Sauvalle, the quarterback Félix Ferrer and the member of the Public Health Board of Madrid Nicolás Calvo Guayti. And finally on 27 July, the Provisional Junta became the "Provisional Government of the Spanish Federation".

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would not be broken even for a single moment, I always spoke of the need for a central power while the provinces were constituted in cantons. I abandoned that theory later. Why? Because I am not an arbiter of the march of events, because I supported this theory in the concept that my party would come to occupy power through an armed revolution. It would have been natural then for the revolution to be made from the bottom-up; but the Republic has come by the agreement of an Assembly, in a legal and peaceful manner. I was the first to write the proposition by which the Republic was proclaimed as a form of government, I accepted that the Constituent Courts would come to define and organize the Republic.

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discipline of the troops using expeditious methods and then prepared to attack the canton of Seville because its fall would demoralize the rest of the cantons of Andalusia. Pavia's troops left Córdoba for Seville on 26 July. After two days of heavy fighting on the morning of 30 July, he occupied the City Hall, although the control of the city was not completed until the next day, at the cost of 300 casualties – the cantonal casualties were many more but nobody accounted for them. The next day, 1 August, Pavia made his official entry into Seville, and some of his troops were sent to the towns of the province to proceed to disarm the forces of the Canton of Seville whose capital had just fallen.

1582: 2466:, had his troops ready in case Castelar lost the parliamentary vote. On the opposite side, battalions of ‘‘Volunteers of the Republic’’ were prepared to act if Castelar won – in fact, according to Jorge Vilches, "the Cartagena cantonalists had received a call to resist until January 3, the day that an intransigent government would form that would "legalize" their situation and "cantonalize" Spain ». When the session opened, Nicolás Salmerón intervened to announce that he was withdrawing his support for Castelar. Emilio Castelar replied, calling for the establishment of the "possible Republic" with all the liberals, including the conservatives, and abandoning 2412:

warning and lasted until the last day of the siege, accounting for a total of 27,189 projectiles, "a true deluge of fire", which caused 800 wounded and twelve deaths and damage to most properties – only 28 houses were left unscathed. After the first week of bombardment in which the besiegers realized that Cartagena's defenses were still intact, General Ceballos resigned, alleging health reasons and the "lack of resources to take the place in the period that interests the Government" That is to say, before the Cortes was reopened on 2 January, when it was expected Castelar would be forced to resign. On 10 December he was replaced by general

1460: 1286:, from which a Public Health Board would emanate that would hold executive power, a proposal that was rejected by the majority of deputies who supported the government. Then on 27 June, the "intransigents" filed a vote of censure against the government, which included the paradoxical request that its president Pi y Margall be passed to their ranks. The crisis was resolved the next day, as the "intransigents" feared, with the entry of the "moderates" into the government and the strengthening the Pimargalians' presence. The program of the new government was summed up in the motto "order and progress". 1054: 1685:, but three "Intransigent" members of the Constitutional Commission presented an alternative draft. In this climate of division Pi y Margall tried to form a new government that grouped all the sectors of the Chamber together. For this he asked for a vote of confidence, but he obtained the support of only 93 deputies, compared to 119 that the "moderate" Nicolás Salmerón obtained. What had happened was that since Pi y Margall's policy of persuasion and repression had failed to stop the cantonal rebellion, the "moderate" sector had withdrawn its support by voting in favor of 2209:’ railroad communication with Madrid. The first skirmishes took place at the Chinchilla railway station, where the cantonalists manage to evict the troops sent by Martínez Campos, upon learning of the cantonalist's plans. But when the cantonalists received the news that the canton of Valencia had fallen, they withdrew. The "centralist" forces counterattacked, supported by artillery, which caused panic and disruption within the Murcian canton. Finally Gálvez and Contreras managed to reorganize their forces, receiving the help of a reserve column that had been left in 146: 128: 96: 85: 176: 165: 109: 2498:. In the Manifesto that he made public on 8 January 1874, he justified the Pavia coup, stating that the government that was going to replace Castelar's would have caused the dismemberment of Spain or the triumph of Carlist absolutism and then announced, leaving all possibilities open: Hereditary or elective Republic or Monarchy, which would convene an ordinary Courts that would designate the "form and manner in which they are to elect the supreme Magistrate of the Nation, marking their powers and electing the first to occupy such high office". 2425: 784: 2620:-, which means that the authorities did not report the deaths. "In the middle of the Pacific Ocean, with a suffocating humid heat, due to its tropical situation, the deportees suffered many hardships." Only one escape from the Mariana islands is known: eight prisoners who escaped "in one of the few fishing boats that, very occasionally, made a stop there". The official figure of those deported to the Marianas and the Philippines was 1,099, but there are no data on those who were deported to 943:. In these areas, cantons were formed, whose federation would constitute the base of the Spanish Federal Republic. The political theory on which the cantonal movement was based was the "pactist" federalism of Francisco Pi y Margall against whose government the "intransigent" federal republicans (paradoxically) rose up against. When the policy of the Pi y Margall government failed to combine persuasion with repression to end the insurrection, the government that replaced him chaired by the " 2518: 2444:" Nicolás Salmerón and his followers, who until then had supported the government, because they believed that the Republic should be built by "authentic" republicans, not by the newcomers that were "out of republican orbit." The first sign that Salmerón had stopped supporting the Castelar government came in December 1873 when his supporters in the Cortes voted along with "centrists" and "intransigents" against Castelar's proposal that elections be held to fill the vacant seats. 1400:

give life to the central power; and this is the difference between what you believe and what we believe; because if the central power is born from the delegation of the cantons, why do you want the delegate to be the one that gives powers to the delegate? Well, I hold that the cantonal movement has not been in any way ... a movement of ruin, death and desolation, as you supposed, but a movement that is a natural consequence of the very federal Republic that you have proclaimed.

31: 1677:" sector, who after stating that "I have always been on the side of the policy represented by Mr. Pi y Margall" accused him of having crossed his arms – "A great way to make order!" he said – to which Pi replied that "the Government has not had weaknesses, what is lacking are material means". The next day Pi y Margall asked the Cortes to quickly discuss and approve the new Constitution to stop the continuation of the cantonal rebellion. Two days later, on 17 July, the 1416: 808: 1644:" sector of his party, which included the suspension of the Cortes, because he trusted that the rapid approval of the federal Constitution and the way of dialogue would bring the rebels into reason. However, he did not hesitate to suppress the rebels, as evidenced by the telegram sent by the Minister of the Interior to all civil governors on 13 July, as soon as he became aware of the proclamation of the "Murcian Canton" the day before in Cartagena: 1000: 6788: 772: 2672: 1509: 1977: 209: 2294: 796: 2251: 1050:, paradoxically the main defender of "pactist" federalism from the bottom-up, which the juntas were putting into practice. Pi achieved the dissolution of the juntas and the replacement of the municipalities that were forcibly suspended, in "a clear proof of his commitment to respect legality even against the wishes of his own supporters", although he maintained the armed republican and old monarchical militias. 1363:

the unpopular taxes on consumption, tobacco and salt), the secularization of church property, social reforms favorable to the great mass of the dispossessed that had no other good than their labor force, a pardon for all political crimes, the dissolution of the regular army and its replacement by militia troops, and the creation of public health boards and committees as governing bodies of a popular nature».

1850:, reported that it had been constituted "in order to save the federal Republic, supporting the movement initiated in Cartagena, Seville and other towns." Both the civil and military governors joined the insurrection and the cantonal red flag began to fly in all official buildings. From the Canton of Seville they received abundant war material and their position was reinforced with the incorporation of 1546:, who raised the red flag in the City Hall and then in the archbishop's palace that became the seat of the Junta. In the Manifesto he made public, the "Revolutionary Junta" of Murcia presented the first measures he had taken ("pardon for all political prisoners", "the seizure of church assets", "the redistribution of property" etc.) and explained the reasons for its constitution: 3284:, pp. 362–363"the insurectional movement promoted by federal sectors that had decided to impose what they did not trust the government to give them ", a federation through prior recognition of the full sovereignty of the States so that they agreed the pact ... The cantons were the name that was given to the States that by means of the pact had to be federated ... » 1278:, which was replaced in 1870 due to lack of resources". The ineffectiveness of the government, because of the blockade work carried out by the "intransigent" ministers, led to a proposal to grant the President of the Executive Power the power to appoint and dismiss their ministers freely. Its approval would allow Pi to replace the intransigent ministers with others from the " 3137:, member of the Federal Committee of the FRE-AIT: «The federation of Alcoy and San Lucar de Barrameda are the only ones that have attempted on their own account a movement against the established order of things." However, many "internationalists" participated in the rebellion, especially in Valencia and Seville, where some of them formed part of the Juntas. A letter from 1751:, of doubtful loyalty to the Federal Republic, at the head of the expeditionary army of Andalusia. When, on 19 July, Salmerón met with Pavia to offer him the position, he said, according to Pavia himself: “If you get a soldier to fire his rifle against a cantonalist, order will have been saved”, which contrasts with the instructions Pi y Margall gave to Ripoll. 1164:

constituted the largest group of the Chamber, although there were certain differences between the followers of Castelar, who were in favor of the conciliation with the radicals and constitutionalists, and the followers of Salmerón, who advocated that the Republic should only be based on the alliance of "old" republicans. Their favored model was that of

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wouldn't let me out" and that he had been "a prisoner, more of the besieged than the besiegers." And then he disqualified the cantonal movement and its leaders: «All my companions were very holy, very just heroes, but they were not good for the government of a village. Federal Republicans: for the time being, let's not insist on raising

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we make the following statements: we recognize and abide by the sovereignty of the Constituent Courts and declare that our attitude is only the execution of one of their agreements. We accept the struggle to which the country calls us and we oppose any movement of mutiny or disorder, contrary and always harmful to freedom and the country.

1258:, but the law was not approved. Another, the purpose of which was to transfer land to tenants in exchange for the payment of a census, was also rejected by the Cortes. The one that was passed was a law that dictated rules "to redeem rents and pensions." Finally, the program included, as a priority, the drafting and approval of the new 1870:

who after appointing Solier civil governor, only demanded in return that they maintain normal relations with the Government. On 25 July, at the meeting to elect the members of the Public Health Committee, several dozens of "intransigent" Republicans from the Carvajal sector were arrested and the next day 45 of them were deported to

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the Murcian Canton» and another that «establishes relations with the neighboring provinces». Both would be "under the orders of General Contreras and citizen Antonio Gálvez", implicitly establishing the subordination of the Junta of Murcia to that of Cartagena in the direction of the Murciano Canton, which was thus established.

2551:, to parley with the head of the government army and offer the surrender of the square, despite the fact that the rest of the leaders of the Murciano Canton of Cartagena, including "Antonete" Gálvez and General Contreras, continued to resist. Shortly afterwards, a commission from the assembly led by two representatives of the 2361:

extended to all of Spain to end both the Carlist war and the cantonal rebellion. The next step was to propose the suspension of the Cortes sessions, which among other consequences would paralyze the debate and the approval of the draft federal Constitution. On 18 September, the proposal was approved with the votes of the "

2213:. They returned to Murcia where they arrived on the night of 10 August. The battle of Chinchilla was a disaster for the Murcian canton because they lost about 500 men, including 28 chiefs and officers, in addition to 51 wagons, four guns and 250 rifles, and especially because it left Martinez Campos free to occupy Murcia. 1659:

without the courts having previously determined the limits of the nation's power. The road to the realization of the federal Republic is simple. Let's not complicate it because of the impatience of men who are more attentive, perhaps to their vanity, than to the interests of the country. Please amplify these observations.

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agreed, but its result did not change the composition of the Junta. Meanwhile, General Ceballos managed to introduce spies and agent-provocateurs into the city, who come to offer money to the leaders of the canton, which they rejected, although some officers were arrested and imprisoned on 21 November for accepting it.

1027:, and branded the "Republicans of Madrid" as lukewarm. In many villages of Andalusia, the Republic was something so identified with the distribution of land that the peasants demanded the municipalities immediately parcel out the most significant farms in the town ... some of which previously formed part of 2627:

As for the leaders of the cantonal movement, most escaped to Oran where they arrived on 13 January 1873. There they were detained by the French authorities until they were released on 9 February. The frigate "Numancia" was returned to the Spanish government on 17 January, but not the people traveling

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predominance. It was sent, as the first terrestrial expedition to Lorca, by "Antonete" Gálvez and had forces from Cartagena – the Iberia and Mendigorría regiments – and from Murcia – a body of volunteers under the command of a brother-in-law from Gálvez. They entered the city at dawn, facing civilian

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Pi y Margall acknowledged that what the "Intransigents" were doing was putting his own "pactist" federalism theory into practice from the bottom up, but he condemned the insurrection anyway. He claimed that theory was intended for an occupation of power "through armed revolution" not for a "Republic

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And showed off the forces that supported him, especially the Navy, and asked the chiefs and officers of the "centralist" forces – he called those who remain faithful to the government of Pi y Margall and the legislature – not to fire "neither against the people nor against their brothers in arms." He

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Gálvez general commander of the Army, Militia and Navy forces. In the Manifesto that was made public that same afternoon, the "Public Salvation Junta", constituted "by the will of the majority of the republican people of this town" justified the proclamation of the Murcian Canton as an act of defense

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At that same time, 5 a.m. on 12 July, a group of volunteers in charge of Cárceles invaded the town hall, installing the "Revolutionary Public Salvation Junta" on the ground floor while other groups occupied the gates of the city wall. Notified by the mayor of the city, the next day the civil governor

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despite not having one, hoisted the Turkish flag believing that the crescent would not be seen, but the Navy commander saw it, communicating it to the Minister of the Navy . A volunteer, watching over the prestige of the cause, opened a vein with the tip of his razor and stained the crescent with his

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The cantons, which were in their right, in my opinion, to be established within their sovereignty, because they have it in themselves, they have been able to do it without permission from the central power, which is not the one that gives life to the people, but, on the contrary, the cantons are what

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And so this chamber, after it declared that the form of government was the federal Republic, in my opinion and in accordance with my principles ..., has no powers other than to elect the central power, but not to interfere with the cantons and municipalities, once their autonomy is recognized, nor to

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That under the authority of these revolutionary committees, the administrative and economic autonomy of the Municipality, the province and the Canton be proclaimed, to which corresponds the election of the judges, town halls, deputies or legislatures, governors, large cantonal assemblies and economic

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did not flee on the frigate "Numancia", but only four days after the capitulation of Cartagena he published a document in the newspapers condemning the cantonal rebellion, despite being one of its main leaders and promoters. In the exculpatory letter he claimed that he was "in Cartagena because they

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The terms of the capitulation of Cartagena granted by General López Domínguez were considered "reasonable" given the customs in use at the time, since those who surrendered arms within the plaza, both chief and officer classes, and individuals from sea and land troops, armed, volunteer and mobilized

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with 30,000 men and appointed Government delegates in the provinces with the same powers as the Executive. He authorized the Provinces to impose war contributions and organize provincial armed bodies, and decreed that the ships held by the Canton of Cartagena be considered pirates – which meant that

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Soldiers and volunteers: the provisional government of the Spanish Federation was pleased to have such courageous defenders in you. You have given proof of how much the children of the people can do, when they fight in the service of Justice and Law. Keep your firmness. The Spanish Federation, owing

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had already done, after they were helped by a column of volunteers. The cantonal force composed of 2,000 men and four pieces of artillery, under the command of "Antonete" Galvez, arrived on 25 July raising the flag in the City Hall and establishing a Public Salvation Board. But the Murcian canton in

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proposed that Pi and Margall occupy the vacant presidency of the Executive Power as he was the most prestigious leader within the Republican party. "Castelar and Salmerón believed that Pi y Margall, close to the intransigents, who had given them their ideological base and organization, could control

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We have seen many persecutions, given that the cantonal movement is failing and that many internationalists have participated in it ... The cantonal movement has been started and led by intransigent federal republicans, but in Valencia, Seville, Málaga, Granada and other locations, according to the

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When Salmerón received the order from the captain general in a note delivered by one of his assistants in which he told him to "vacate the premises," he suspended the vote and reported the extremely serious incident to the deputies. Shortly thereafter, the Civil Guard forced entry into the Congress

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On the same day, 18 September, when the Cortes voted to suspend their sessions, the newspaper ‘‘El Cantón Murciano’’ in Cartagena published the address that "Antonete" Gálvez had addressed to the cantonalist troops when he was appointed general commander of the citizen forces: «to whoever tells you

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Only two days after being sworn in as President of the Executive Branch, Castelar obtained from the Cortes, thanks to the absence of the "intransigents", the granting of extraordinary powers, equal to those requested by Pi y Margall to fight the Carlists in the Basque Country and Catalonia, but now

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There were days of that summer when we thought our Spain was completely dissolved. The idea of legality had been so lost that any Minister of War assumed all powers and defied the Cortes, and those in charge of giving and fulfilling the Laws, by revolting against legality. There was no question, as

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by the "Volunteers of the Republic" who had come to the capital from the towns of the province, although the merit was attributed later by General Pavia, who said that the cantonalist forces dissolved when their arrival in the Cordoba capital took place. The first step Pavia took was to restore the

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as a war contribution and the abandonment of the city of military forces so that the people could freely decide whether to proclaim the Canton or not. The response was negative and the local authorities prepared the defense of the square, while the majority of Almería's civilian population left the

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The maritime and land expeditions undertaken by the Canton of Cartagena had two essential objectives. Firstly, to extend the rebellion thus making it possible to distract enemy forces and break their presumed encirclement; and secondly, to provide subsistence to the 9,000-strong forces concentrated

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From the opposition benches I had the courage, being in the arms of my brethren, to declare that the insurrection ceased to be a right and became a crime from the moment that free thought could be realized through universal suffrage; from the ministerial bench I had argued that the insurrection was

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I trust both your prudence and the temperament of your soul. Do not enter Andalusia in war. Make the people understand that an army was formed only to guarantee the right of all citizens and enforce the agreements of the Assembly. Reassure the shy, moderate the impatient; manifest to them that with

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In the manifesto, the revolutionary Junta of Murcia established that the «Revolutionary Juntas of the People will organize in them the municipal administration according to the federal system» and also announced that they were going to appoint a commission that «attends the armament and defenses of

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Murcianos: the delay of the Government in constituting this region definitively in federation, and the appointment of disaffected bosses to military positions in this region, have forced the republicans to proclaim the Murcian Canton. Desiring to return to our families the peace so long disturbed,

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were up and running, the "intransigent" deputy Casualdero intervened in the Cortes to explain that the uprising was not illegal and seditious but had been the result of the putting into practice of the true federal ideal, from the bottom-up. That it is the canton that legitimizes the federation and

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Separately, the Government of the Republic and the majority have embarked on a fatal march in their last determinations, destroying in one blow the building of our propaganda and tearing up the flag of freedom and justice, in whose name we have fought against so many reactions. It was not worthy of

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agreed with the "intransigents" that the objective was to build a federal republic, but they wanted to do so from the top-down, first drafting a federal Constitution and then proceeding to the formation of cantons. The number of deputies that this sector had was not very large and on many occasions

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The "intransigents" with about 60 deputies formed the left of the House and advocated that the Courts build the Federal Republic from the bottom up, from the municipality to the cantons and from these to the federal level. They also defended the introduction of social reforms that would improve the

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Meanwhile, the commission returned to Cartagena with the conditions for surrender offered by General López Domínguez, which had not varied substantially from the initial ones, as the Board members who escaped supposed. The commission informed the besieged that the general would no longer negotiate

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and the eclipse of its scientific predominance The uprising came against the most federal of all possible Ministries, and at the time same in which the Assembly was drawing up a draft Constitution, whose greatest defects came from the lack of time in the Commission and the excess of impatience in

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was proclaimed. Although since the proclamation of the Federal Republic the previous month, Málaga was already practically independent from the central power thanks to the unwritten pact between Francisco Solier, one of the leaders of the Málaga "intransigents", and the government of Pi y Margall,

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After the formation of the Salmerón government, the extension of the cantonal movement took place, so that by 23 July the insurrection had already extended to the regions of Andalusia and Levante, and even to the provinces of Salamanca and Ávila. When added to the Carlist conflict, this meant that

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Some of these accusations have been attributed to the fact that they preached that the federal Republic must come from the bottom-up and not from the top-down. It is true: I had defended that doctrine, and had sustained and caressed it; but considering the unity of the country, and wishing that it

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Although there was no organizational center of the rebellion and each canton made its own proclamations, the rebels "beyond the logical local particularities" pursued the same purposes: "the substitution of all types of governmental or jurisdictional authorities, the abolition of taxes (especially

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The cantonal movement may be terminated. If it has succumbed it has been precisely because it was not a revolutionary government ... Governments do not defeat themselves with other governments but with revolutions ... It is not enough in revolution to say "Long live the federal republic!", but to

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who had had nothing to do with the cantonal rebellion, but this was not achieved because the rest of the Serrano government opposed it. "García Ruiz was a unitary and anti-federalist who had been attacking Pi y Margall in the House and in the press for years. Pi's firmness in his convictions, his

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was reinstated, but was subsequently suspended "until the normality of political life was assured" – it met with popular resistance in Barcelona where on 7 and 8 January barricades were erected and a general strike was declared. There were a dozen victims in the clashes with the army and the most

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At the end of October and beginning of November 1873 the first signs of fatigue appeared among the population, due to the long siege to which Cartagena had been subjected since mid-August. Thus on 2 November a demonstration demanded the holding of elections, to which the Sovereign Salvation Junta

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The motto of the government of Salmerón was the "rule of law", which meant that to save the Republic and the liberal institutions it was necessary to finish off the Carlists and Cantonalists. To quell the cantonal rebellion he took tough measures such as dismissing the civil governors, mayors and

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Work vigorously in that province. Surround yourself with all available forces, mainly those of "Volunteers" and sustain order at full speed. All the commanders in Madrid, without exception, have offered their support to the Cortes and the government to save the federal Republic. The insurrections

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sent to them from Madrid. The second took place on 8 March, when an attempted coup d'état took place in Madrid, the radicals were trying to prevent the republic from proclaiming itself federal by preventing the convening of the Constituent Courts. This time, the telegrams of Pi y Margall were not

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surrendered to General López Domínguez. At 9 in the morning of the following day, 12 January, the counterproposal was read before the assembly, which took the commission to the conditions required by López Domínguez in his interview the previous day, and which also included the acceptance of the

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informed General Ceballos that "It would be convenient to throw 5,000 projectiles into the plaza because that way the defenders' spirits could be broken or at least disturbed, so as not to allow them to remain as they have remained, completely calm." The bombing began on 26 November 1873 without

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The extraordinary powers that Castelar obtained and the suspension of the sessions of the Cortes allowed him to govern by decree, a faculty that he immediately used to reorganize the artillery corps, to call the reservists and summon an army of 200,000 men, and ask for a loan of 100 million

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A third attempted coup d'état by the Radical Party, attempting to paralyze the convocation of the Constituent Courts, took place on 23 April. The "intransigent" Republicans and the press put pressure on the government to proclaim the Federal Republic without waiting for the Constituent Courts to

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himself", commanded by the government army that was laying siege to the plaza. At 11 o'clock on the morning of 6 January, the artillery park's powder deposit exploded, killing the 400 people who had taken refuge there because the park was beyond the reach of enemy cannons. There is doubt if the

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Universal suffrage constitutes the legality of all powers. The current Cortes, a product of the freest universal suffrage that has been known, must be followed by every good Republican, as we do not want to openly contradict our principles. It is a real crime to want to organize a federal state

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On 30 June, Pi y Margall asked the Cortes for extraordinary powers to end the Carlist war, although limited to the Basque Country and Catalonia. The "intransigents" viciously opposed the proposal because they understood it as the imposition of "tyranny" and the "loss of democracy," although the

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In a later letter, dated 15 September, Tomás differentiated the Alcoy insurrection, "a purely working-class, revolutionary socialist movement", from the cantonal rebellion, a "purely political and bourgeois" movement, and affirmed that "Seville and Valencia are the only two cities in which the

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García Ruiz imprisoned and deported hundreds of anonymous people without any other charge than that of being "cantonalists", "internationalists" or simply "agitators", and without the records of whether or not they were put on trial. Most of the deportees were sent to the Spanish colony of the

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When the coup of Pavia became known in Cartagena, the besieged lost all hope that their cause could triumph due to what they considered capitulation, although "stimulated by the terror that announces the next defeat, the cantons make a desperate and heroic defense, as recognized by the general

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The ascendence of Salmerón to the presidency of the Executive Power caused an intensification of the cantonal rebellion because the "intransigents" thought that with him it would be impossible to even reach the Federal Republic "from above", as Pi y Margall had assured them. They resolved that

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These disorders are born from the fact that the country is not constituted: build the country first and then order will come: you do not need generals, that is a mistake. It is a serious mistake to want to establish order through force, because evil depends on the fact that the Republic is not

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explosion was caused by a projectile launched by the besiegers or if it was sabotage. It was the definitive blow to the capacity of resistance of the besieged and neither "Antonete" Gálvez nor General Contreras "managed to raise the spirits of that people subjected to unrelenting punishment."

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Only the deputy Navarrete remained in the Cortes who, on that same day, explained the reasons for their withdrawal, accusing the Pi y Margall government of lacking energy and of having compromised and even faltered against the enemies of the Federal Republic. Pi y Margall replied in that same

1343:, initiating the cantonal rebellion. They formed a Public Health Committee in Madrid to lead it, although « what prevailed was the initiative of the local federal republicans, who became owners of the situation in their respective cities ». Although there were cases like the one in 2556:

pardon for the crime of rebellion that López Domínguez had offered them, with the exception of the members of the Junta, that the prisoners of war made in Chinchilla be included in the pardon and that they recognize the degrees and jobs granted during the insurrection, among other requests.

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The "intransigent" response to the "order and progress" policy of the Pi y Margall government was to leave the Cortes on 1 July, motivated by Madrid's civil governor limiting the guarantees of individual rights. In the Manifesto they made public on 2 July they showed their determination "to

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and defended the formation of a democratic Republic that would accommodate all liberal options. They rejected the "intransigent" proposal to convert the Cortes into a revolutionary power and agreed with the "centrists" that the priority of the Cortes was to approve a new Constitution. They

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today lack every reason to be since there is a sovereign Assembly, the product of universal suffrage, and all citizens can freely issue their ideas, meet and associate. It is possible to proceed against them with rigorous justice. You can work without hesitation and with perfect conscience

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as president of the republic. His government needed to reestablish the order that was being altered by the federal republicans themselves, who had understood the proclamation of the Republic as a new revolution. Federal republicans seized power by force in many places, where they formed

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Pi y Margall's policy of combining persuasion and repression to end the cantonal rebellion can also be seen in the instructions given to Republican General Ripoll, leading an army consisting of 1677 infantry, 357 horses and 16 pieces of artillery, from a base of operations in Córdoba:

963:, who, after suspending the sessions of the Cortes, began the siege of Cartagena, the last stronghold of the rebellion. Cartagena would not fall into the hands government until 12 January, a week after the coup of Pavia that ended the federal Republic giving way to the dictatorship of 2395:

Around that time, the cantonal five-peseta coins began to circulate, replacing the two-peseta coins that had been minted in early September, and which had a higher intrinsic value than was attributed to them. In the decree of the Junta in which its coinage was approved it was said: “

1669:

their eternal conspiracies and frequent disorders they are killing the Republic. Always keep your authority high. Appeal, first and foremost, to persuasion and advice. When they are not enough do not hesitate to fall on the rebels with force. The Assembly is today the sovereign power.

1496:. After assessing that the insurgents controlled the city, the governor advised the City Council to resign, which they did “in the presence of the governor of the province”. Shortly after, the Junta raised the red flag over City Hall and proclaimed the Murcian Canton, then appointing 1845:

On 19 July, the canton of Cádiz was proclaimed as soon as the Government of Salmerón had been formed. The consul of the United States in the city sent a report to his government describing what happened as « a real revolution ». The Public Health Committee, chaired by

1435:, «because no other city possessed the characteristics of its port, well sheltered and defended by a series of strong and artillery castles that made Cartagena invulnerable both by sea and by land.» The Public Health Committee constituted the War Commission, chaired by General 1692:

On the same day of his resignation, 18 July, the "intransigent" deputy Casalduero intervened. He accused Pi y Margall of having betrayed the ideas that he had defended until then – the construction of the Federation from the bottom up – and that he had been swept away by the

2455:, leader of the constitutionalists, agreed to carry out a coup d'état to prevent Castelar from being replaced at the head of the Executive Branch by a vote of censure that Pi y Margall and Salmerón were expected to present as soon as the Cortes reopened on 2 January 1874 . 2018:

under the command of "Antonete" Gálvez towards Alicante. In principle the two missions were successful as Mazarrón and Águilas joined the Murcian Canton and Gálvez proclaimed the Canton of Alicante, establishing a Public Health Board. But three days after the return of the

1653:

But at the same time in the early morning of 14 July, Pi y Margall sent a long telegram to the civil governor of Murcia to try to convince the insurgents of the Canton of Cartagena that what they were doing was not defending the federal Republic but putting it in danger:

2180:

guards and police officers ready for their defense. In the fighting, five guards were killed and nine were injured, while the cantonalists saw one dead and three injured. 14 civilians and 40 police officers were taken prisoner. After their victory in the so-called "

1290:

government assured them that it would only apply to the Carlists and not to the federal Republicans. Once the proposal was approved by the Cortes, the government published a manifesto in which, after justifying the extraordinary powers it had received, it announced

2616:– which also received "cantonal" deportees – so they were practically isolated and their families had no news of them. They presented numerous requests to the authorities, requesting that their whereabouts be ascertained – and that they are still preserved in the 1198:

were preparing a coup d'état to start the federal Republic "from below", outside the Government and the Cortes, which made Figueras fear for his life. On 10 June, Figueras, who was already suffering a severe depression from the death of his wife, fled to France.

970:

Although the cantonal rebellion was considered a "separatist" movement by the Government of the Republic, the current historiography highlights that the rebellion only sought to reform the structure of the state, without ever wanting to break the unity of Spain.

2373:

that this place will be handed over, immediately apprehend him, for he is a traitor. This place will never be handed over. ” The morale of the 75,000 inhabitants of Cartagena at that time was still high, as shown by this song that was sung throughout the city:

1804:

had already joined the Canton, the president of the Junta made the official proclamation of the Valencian Canton in the Plaza of Valencia, which was renamed "the Plaza of the Federal Republic". Then 28 militia battalions without weapons were paraded and the

2489:

Castelar declined General Pavia's offer to preside over the government because he was unwilling to remain in power through undemocratic means, so the presidency of the Executive Power of the Republic and the government was assumed by the leader of the

1326:

What Mr. Navarrete and his acolytes claim is that the Government should have been a revolutionary government, which would have assumed a certain dictatorship, ceasing to have the Constituent Courts. If the Republic had come from the bottom-up, the

1189:

returned his powers to the Chamber and proposed that Pi y Margall be appointed to replace him, but the intransigents were opposed to this and got Pi to give up on his attempt at taking power. Figueras then learned that the "intransigent" generals

1704:

constituted. This is the big difference that separates one from the other: some want order to be made before anything else, and we believe that order will be the product of the Republican Government and the consolidation of the Federal Republic.

1223:

and satisfy the parliamentary left through a conciliation cabinet." Finally, the "intransigents" accepted the proposal, although under the condition that it was the Courts that elected the members of the government to preside over Pi y Margall.

1747:" federalist who defended the need to reach an understanding with conservative groups and a slow transition to the federal republic. As soon as he took office he replaced the Republican General Ripoll – appointed by Pi y Margall – with General 1442:

The insurrection began in Cartagena at five in the morning on 12 July, following the instructions of a "Revolutionary Public Salvation Junta" that had been set up an hour earlier on the initiative of a liaison with the committee from Madrid,

2575:

and that he had given them a term to accept their conditions, which would end at 8 am the next day, 13 January. Once these were accepted, General López Domínguez entered Cartagena that day at the head of his troops. He was promoted to

1451:

which fired a cannon, warning that the African regiment, which was going to relieve the garrison of volunteers, had retired. According to other versions of events, the cannon shot was the previously agreed signal to indicate to the frigate

1967:

of the goods of the clergy, the establishment of measures favorable to the workers, the pardon of prisoners for crimes against the State, the replacement of the Army by the militia and the formation of committees of public health ».

2559:

While the commission was parliamentary with General López Domínguez, most of the members of the Junta, led by "Antonete" Gálvez and General Contreras, along with hundreds of cantonalistas who also wanted to escape, boarded the frigate.

2604:

inflexible character and perhaps even his status as a Catalan irritated García Ruiz, who upon being appointed Minister of the Interior believed he found the opportunity to re-express his hatred against federalism in a reliable way. "

1061:(3 March 1873) about the struggle between the radicals, who defend the unitary republic, and the federal republicans who defend the federal. And also about the struggle between the "transigent" and "intransigent" federal republicans 1265:

Immediately, the government of Pi y Margall met with the opposition of the "intransigents", because they did not include some of the historical policies of the federalists in their program, such as "the abolition of tobacco, the

2074:

Lorca only lasted one day because as soon as Galvez's forces returned to Murcia on the 26th, with several thousand pesetas as a war contribution, the local authorities that had left the city returned and dismissed the Junta.

2477:

forwarded the result to General Pavía, who gave the order to lead the compromised regiments to the Congress of Deputies. It was five minutes to seven in the morning, when the vote was going to elect the federal candidate

1632:

that had started in Alcoy on 7 July with a strike in the paper industry. The social and cantonal unrest in Andalusia, such as Carmona, San Fernando, Sanlucar de Barrameda, Seville and Málaga, were added to this conflict.

1813:

It is not about making the social revolution, or threatening economic interests, or violating moral or religious feelings... We try to found right and freedom and, above all, affirm order and respect for whatever is

1717:

not only a crime, but the greatest of crimes under the regime of freedom, because the other crimes affect only private interests, and the crimes of the rebellion affect the high interests of society and the country.

1282:" sector, thus creating a coalition government between the Pimargalian "centrists" and the "moderates" of Castelar and Salmerón. The response of the "intransigents" was to demand that the Courts be converted into a 3133:– there a board was formed that was actually the Council of the section Local of the International, after the closure of the social premises by order of the authorities—, as recognized in a letter dated 4 August 871:

between July 1873 and January 1874. Its protagonists were the "intransigent" federal Republicans, who wanted to establish immediately the Federal Republic from the bottom-up without waiting for the Constituent

2506:

serious events occurred in Sarriá due to an uprising led by the "Xich de les Barraquete" commanded by about 800 men. On 10 January, the Serrano government decreed the dissolution of the Spanish section of the

2365:" federal republicans and the opposition of the "centrists" of Pi y Margall and the "intransigents", who had returned to the House. Thus, the Cortes were suspended from 20 September 1873 until 2 January 1874. 1842:. This made the rapid dissolution of the canton by conservative forces possible. González Chermá managed to escape by train to Valencia. The canton of Castellón lasted only five days, from 21 to 26 July 1873. 2274:

which forced them to deviate through Ciudad Real and Badajoz. The day before his arrival, General Ripoll, who was to be relieved by General Pavia, had managed to disrupt the attempt to proclaim the canton of

2109:

city. On the morning of the 30th, the bombing of the city defenses and military buildings began, which was answered from Almeria. The city did not give up, so General Contreras that same night set course for

1172:

Despite this division, they had no problem proclaiming the Federal Democratic Republic on 8 June, a week after the Constituent Courts were opened under the presidency of the veteran "intransigent" Republican

2538:

On the afternoon of 11 January, a large assembly was held in which, in addition to the members of the Junta, the military, volunteers and mobilized participated. In it, it was decided on the proposal of

2566:

and left the port of Cartagena at five in the afternoon on that day, 12 January, managing to evade the siege of the Government fleet thanks to its great speed and the ability of its captain, heading to

5759: 5749: 906:

after 1870, but before that time Proudhonian ideas, as interpreted by Pi, already provided much of the inspiration for the federalist movement which sprang up in the early 1860s." According to the

1862:, the Public Health Committee accused the seafarers of wanting to "bully the people, conclude with the national freedoms and obtain promotions and decorations at the cost of our blood ». 3151:

internationalists have triumphed", although he acknowledged that they had taken "a very active part in the events" in other towns, such as Cádiz, Granada, Jerez de la Frontera, San Fernando,

2117:

where he arrived at dawn the next day. Contreras landed the injured, visited the city and received financial aid in the form of promissory notes to be paid in Málaga for an amount of 160,000

1788:, the crowd harangued by Rep. Feliu shouted "Long live the Valencian Canton!". The next day the militia was deployed to the strategic points of the city and at 11 pm the proclamation of 1227: 2311:

Castelar had been deeply impressed by the disorder caused by the cantonal rebellion. Thus he valued much later what the cantonal rebellion had meant for the country, according to him:

1769: 1078:

enough. It was necessary that four days later, on 12 March, Estanislao Figueras himself went to Barcelona and asked the provincial government to withdraw the independence declaration.

852: 1073:, dominated by "intransigent" federal Republicans. First on 12 February, the day after the proclamation of the Republic in Madrid, Pi y Margall managed to convince them to give up by 3167:, but that later had been "abandoned by the phonies". The consequence was that the repression also fell on the internationalists, especially after the formation of the government of 2544: 1819: 1086:

Limit yourself to consecrate the will of the municipalities and regions; the Federation will be made from the bottom-up and will not be the work of a Cortes but that of a nation

2316:

on other occasions, of replacing an existing Ministry or a form of Government with the accepted form; It was a matter of dividing our country into a thousand parts, similar to

2308:

was elected to occupy the Presidency of the Executive Power, when the cantonal rebellion was practically finished, with the exception of the last stronghold of the Cartagena.

2617: 1505:

Gálvez and General Juan Contreras, president of the War Committee that had moved from Madrid, the cantonal army seized the naval base's warships without causing casualties.

3944: 1133: 1374:

That at all points where the federal party has the necessary strength, Public Health Committees are formed, as representatives of the essential sovereignty of the people.

2655:. It is an idea that is in the making. Without abjuring my ideas, being what I always was, I recognize the current Government and I will be with it in the fight against 2201:

At the beginning of August, "Antonete" Gálvez and General Contreras headed a third land expedition, composed of 3000 men distributed in three trains, in the direction of

2050:, commander of the "Friedrich Carl", demanded the delivery of the frigate "Vitoria" because she had also raised the red flag. Finally the Cartagena Board handed over the 1298:

and the reserves, because «the country demands the sacrifice of all its children, and he who does not do so to the best of his strength, will not be liberal or Spanish».

1117: 2243:

any vessel could take them down whether they were in Spanish waters or not". Thanks to these measures, the different cantons submitted one after another, except that of

1040: 2046:" of all ships flying the red cantonal flag, so they could be captured by ships of any country within even the Spanish jurisdictional waters. In addition the commodore 1379:

That these committees will not be dissolved until fifteen days after having enacted the federal pact, to prevent the people from being deceived, as has happened so far.

132: 2562: 2408: 1712:, Pi y Margall explained to the House why at that time he had defended the federal construction from the top-down, and not from bottom-up as he had always advocated: 2398:

wants to be the first to spread a living testimony of imperishable memory throughout the world that remind future generations of the cry of justice and brotherhood.

2333: 2479: 1701:

What have you done to deputy Pi? Ah! You have lost him, because you wanted him to govern with your principles and against the ideas he has professed all his life.

2845: 2596: 1512: 1489: 150: 2157:, near Cartagena, the crews of the two frigates were forced to disembark and unload the cannons while General Contreras remained detained in the ``Friedrich Carl 1291: 838: 3078: 2815: 1095:

In May, the elections for the Constituent Courts were held. Because of the withdrawal of the rest of the parties, an overwhelming victory was achieved by the

1331:

would have been established, but the period would have been long, laborious and full of conflicts. Whereas now, through the Constituent Courts, we bring the

1991:

in Cartagena, in addition to providing the necessary money to cope with war expenses, because the resources obtained in Cartagena itself were insufficient.

3093: 1347:

where local authorities led the uprising, most of them formed revolutionary juntas. Two weeks after the withdrawal of the Cortes, the revolt was a fact in

2800: 1543: 3048: 2407:

The discouragement and demoralization of the besieged increased when the bombing of the city began in late November. On 14 November the Minister of War

3063: 2966: 1793: 1485: 912:"During the Spanish revolution of 1873, Pi y Margall attempted to establish a decentralized, or “cantonalist," political system on Proudhonian lines." 5372: 2452: 1542:

station, 20 kilometers from the capital. Thus, on the morning of 15 July, the «Revolutionary Junta» of Murcia was established, chaired by the deputy

1148:

they acted divided in the votes, although they mostly favored the proposals of the "intransigents". They favored the model used by the United States.

2185: 1822:

had left Valencia, in charge of 100 volunteers, two companies of police and one of infantry to proclaim the Canton of Castellón. When he arrived in

1729: 2568: 1560: 1468: 1448: 1436: 1191: 1121: 2659:». According to José Barón Fernández, after writing this, "Roque Barcia was discredited, forever, as a politician" and "became what we now call a 2637: 2197:

you the triumph, will know how to reward such invaluable services for a long time. Long live the Federal Republic! Long live the sovereign people!

2096:

left Cartagena, acclaimed by the crowd, with two regiments on board plus a Marine infantry battalion. When the next day the expedition arrived at

1202:

The attempted coup d'état came the next day when a mass of federal Republicans, instigated by the "intransigents", surrounded the building of the

4885: 2473:

This was followed by a vote in which the Castelar government was defeated by 100 votes in favor and 120 against. Then the constitutional deputy

2647: 2540: 1428: 1195: 1129: 1125: 2184:", they returned to Cartagena the next day, along with the civil guards and police who were carrying prisoners. There the cantonalist general 6837: 5774: 2644:, the person in charge of the Restoration, who considered Galvez a sincere, honest and brave man, although with exaggerated political ideas. 2459: 1317:

the reformist center to sanction with its presence proposals that, even if they were honest, are for sure, blind, upsetting and liberticidal.

1312:

immediately raise the reforms that the Republican Party had been sustaining in its tireless propaganda" justified because in their judgment:

956: 3146:

bourgeois newspapers, the internationalists have taken an active part ... Participation has been spontaneous and without prior agreement ...

992:

proclaimed Spain to be a Republic by 258 votes against 32, but without defining it as unitary or federal, postponing the decision to future

5223: 3117:, but today it seems clear that the leaders of the International did not intervene in the cantonal rebellion and that the only place where 3179:

practice the revolutionary federation, destroy all government; organize work and in fact destroy the privileges and monopolies of capital.

5871: 831: 667: 6721: 3114: 2507: 1781: 1099:. But this situation was misleading because in reality the federal Republican deputies of the Cortes were divided into three groups: 650: 2387: 1572:

I will not sheath my sword until the people have their dream federation. Our behavior will be to help the people who must be free

964: 5726: 3631: 3242: 2599:, who was proposed for the post by General Pavía, acted with a "special fury against the federalists". He even tried to banish 2324:. From the provinces came the strangest ideas and the wildest principles. Some said that they were going to revive the ancient 2153:

that had lagged behind – the reason they argued was that the Cantonal frigates were preparing to bomb Málaga. Upon arriving at

824: 3174:

On 16 August 1873, "The Federation", an organ of the FRE-AIT, explained why in its opinion the cantonal rebellion had failed:

2100:, Contreras demanded a commission of representatives of the Provincial Council and the City Council who proposed on board the 2031:

where a commission met him to join the Murcian Canton, ceasing to belong to the province of Alicante. But when on 23 July the

1708:

A month and a half after having resigned, and when the Cortes were about to be suspended at the proposal of the new president

1023:" that did not recognize the government of Figueras, because it was a coalition government with the former monarchists of the 5806: 5249: 4831: 4768: 4746: 6201: 5620: 1959:

According to Jorge Vilches, «common points in the cantonal declarations were the abolition of unpopular taxes, such as the

4913: 1180: 6361: 6301: 4945: 2222:

military who had somewhat supported the cantonalists and then appointed generals opposed to the Federal Republic such as

2023:

to Cartagena, the "centralist" authorities regained control of Alicante and dissolved the canton. Galvez returned in the

1096: 1012: 892: 1427:

After the abandonment of the Courts, the Public Health Committee that was established in Madrid under the presidency of

5796: 1780:

On 17 July, during a massive act of homage to the "Volunteers of the Republic" who had returned by train to combat the

1678: 1673:

On 14 July a debate took place in the Cortes at the proposal of the deputy for Cartagena, a federal Republican of the "

1070: 876:

to draft and approve the new Federal Constitution, as defended by the president of the Executive Power of the Republic

286: 993: 6882: 4897: 4875: 4853: 4809: 4790: 4727: 4114: 4087: 4010: 3958: 3781: 3754: 3727: 2592:

institutes, were pardoned, "with the exception of those who compose or have formed part of the Revolutionary Junta".

2580: 2494:

Francisco Serrano, Duke of la Torre, who set himself the priority objective of ending the cantonal rebellion and the

928: 6877: 5087: 1792:

was already a fact. On 19 July, the members of the "Revolutionary Junta" of the Canton were elected and chaired by

248: 1809:

anthem was played. In an address the "Revolutionary Junta" reaffirmed its commitment to the maintenance of order:

6636: 6351: 4051: 4026: 2270:

on two trains, although they did not arrive in Córdoba until two days later because the route was intercepted in

1606: 2641: 6842: 6641: 3606: 2167:

remained in British custody and were taken to Gibraltar where they would be returned to the Spanish government.

1243: 192: 6887: 6852: 6847: 6216: 6191: 5657: 5517: 3744: 1581: 243: 208: 6897: 6832: 6551: 6511: 6227: 6196: 5487: 5394: 5199: 5107: 4778: 3260: 2629: 2502: 2491: 2463: 1733: 655: 2531: 2522: 2413: 2202: 1601:

The Pi y Margall government was overwhelmed by the cantonal rebellion and also by the continuation of the

137: 6827: 6691: 6211: 5567: 5294: 5208: 3771: 3118: 884: 543: 321: 5512: 5382: 3773:

The Valencian deputies in the First Republic: federalism and Carlist uprising in the regions of Castelló

2474: 2340: 6867: 6857: 6761: 6401: 6186: 5831: 5691: 5579: 3134: 1082:

convene, but the government adhered to the law. Pi y Margall received hundreds of telegrams that said:

672: 587: 6116: 4761:

La época del liberalismo. Vol. 6 de la Historia de España, dirigida por Josep Fontana y Ramón Villares

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After the abandonment of the Cortes, the "intransigents" urged the immediate and direct formation of

253: 3164: 3138: 3130: 2501:

Due to the establishment of the Serrano dictatorship – the Cortes continued to be dissolved and the

2486:

building, firing shots into the air throughout the corridors, causing almost all deputies to leave.

2440:

The approach of the constitutionalists and the radicals of Castelar met with the opposition of the "

1858:, but not so the naval base whose commander "awaits orders from Madrid". When Cádiz was bombed from 155: 6606: 6566: 6516: 6381: 5971: 5876: 5801: 5790: 5686: 5635: 5327: 5213: 5012: 2093: 2014: 1593:

is depicted overflowed by federalist children's figures dressed in the different regional costumes.

1024: 618: 608: 6006: 4819: 1831: 1823: 6892: 6676: 6366: 6336: 6281: 6276: 5507: 5287: 5265: 5218: 4938: 2352: 1724: 531: 301: 6051: 2321: 1743:, elected President of the Executive Power with 119 votes in favor and 93 votes against, was a " 1563:

made public a Manifesto in which he communicated that he had just risen in arms to the shout of

1459: 1238:

The government program presented by Pi y Margall to the Cortes was based on the need to end the

6872: 6862: 6651: 6586: 6521: 6446: 6426: 6421: 6266: 6256: 6101: 5605: 5422: 5404: 5357: 5304: 5238: 5233: 5112: 5102: 5092: 5037: 4917: 3189: 1826:

he dissolved the Provincial Council and proclaimed the Canton, but unlike what happened in the

1618: 1523: 1231: 1174: 1113: 1109: 1108:. This sector of the federal Republicans did not have a clear leader, although they recognized 1047: 1020: 881: 877: 868: 572: 524: 469: 429: 281: 113: 66: 54: 4104: 4077: 4000: 3717: 1945: 1855: 1301: 6751: 6561: 6541: 6501: 6486: 6331: 6311: 6091: 5866: 5841: 5784: 5736: 5182: 5127: 4992: 4982: 4977: 3948: 2600: 2043: 1956:

was encouraged and readers were urged to take up arms, if necessary, to defend these ideals.

1925: 1859: 1740: 1686: 1219: 1181:

The opposition of the "intransigents" to the federal governments of Figueras and Pi y Margall

1165: 1160: 959:

to crush the rebellion, a policy that accentuated the next government of the also "moderate"

948: 902:"These translations were to have a profound and lasting effect on the development of Spanish 788: 369: 344: 238: 223: 200: 6806: 6667: 6656: 6646: 6631: 6621: 6571: 6526: 6506: 6456: 6436: 6431: 6411: 6406: 6391: 6386: 6371: 6356: 6341: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6271: 6261: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6177: 5991: 5961: 5951: 5707: 5681: 4206: 3122: 2703: 2433: 2136: 1827: 1801: 1629: 1283: 1255: 1247: 1203: 1066: 1035:. In almost all places the Republic also identified itself with the abolition of the hated 920: 744: 682: 424: 296: 4191: 8: 6741: 6626: 6616: 6601: 6581: 6576: 6556: 6536: 6531: 6496: 6491: 6481: 6461: 6416: 6396: 6316: 6306: 6236: 6131: 6021: 5902: 5816: 5779: 5754: 5721: 5696: 5663: 5652: 5472: 5462: 5377: 5345: 5258: 5187: 2830: 2718: 2239: 2047: 1531: 1476: 1410: 1388: 1186: 1053: 1015: 1004: 989: 916: 548: 519: 311: 258: 89: 2951: 2149:, that in application of Salmerón's "piracy decree" forced it to return, along with the 1866: 1754: 1384: 1250:

and pass reforms in favor of working women and children. It also included the return of

6799: 6611: 6596: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6441: 6376: 6326: 6321: 6106: 6031: 5846: 5836: 5675: 5641: 5595: 4931: 3152: 2733: 2613: 2576: 1929: 1637: 1074: 687: 316: 291: 5976: 2391:

Caricature of Castelar in "The Political Skein", by Tomás Padró Pedret, November 1873.

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The first maritime expedition took place on 20 July, in a simultaneous action by the

1602: 1251: 1239: 1028: 699: 623: 582: 464: 354: 2042:

using the decree just approved by the government of Nicolás Salmerón that declared "

1937: 1796:, a professor at the School of Fine Arts, while the civil governor Castejón fled to 6792: 6681: 6121: 6066: 5981: 5851: 5826: 5769: 5744: 5647: 5589: 5557: 5542: 5477: 5417: 5387: 5367: 5335: 5299: 5282: 5270: 5177: 5137: 5047: 5042: 2981: 2510:(AIT) for "violating property, the family and other social bases". Immediately the 2424: 2244: 2133: 2070: 2010: 1980: 1847: 1789: 1432: 1367: 1332: 873: 800: 776: 734: 536: 514: 479: 459: 394: 306: 233: 2271: 2171:

The second land expedition was organized in Cartagena on 30 July and was aimed at

404: 6731: 6141: 6041: 6036: 6016: 5986: 5941: 5936: 5926: 5891: 5764: 5615: 5437: 5412: 5340: 5117: 4997: 4739:

El laberinto territorial español. Del cantón de Cartagena al secesionismo catalán

3213: 3168: 2609: 2448: 2336: 2325: 2305: 2297: 1960: 1886: 1806: 1709: 1682: 1622: 1275: 1215: 1156: 960: 899: 812: 613: 592: 439: 409: 399: 359: 349: 276: 6096: 5916: 3716:

Latorre Warrior, Ana; Pérez Garzón, Juan Sisinio; Rueda Hernanz, German (2004).

2429: 2283: 2255: 180: 6746: 6736: 5996: 5911: 5821: 5537: 5532: 5522: 5457: 5427: 5142: 5072: 5027: 5007: 5002: 2266:

and the forces that were under his command departed on 21 July from Madrid for

2105: 1995: 1971: 1964: 1475:

The chief of the fort's garrison, the postman Sáez, "in his eagerness to fly a

1464: 729: 660: 434: 339: 228: 2514:

occupied all its premises and the internationalist newspapers were suspended.

2288: 1725:

The government of Nicolas Salmeron and the repression of the cantonal movement

1471:. The crescent and star were dyed red with blood to form the cantonal red flag 6821: 6156: 6111: 6076: 6056: 6011: 5966: 5861: 5811: 5731: 5552: 5497: 5082: 5077: 5057: 4890:

Progreso y Libertad. El Partido Progresista en la Revolución Liberal Española

4756: 4106:

Social Organization and Political Systems in Murcia During the First Republic

4002:

Social Organization and Political Systems in Murcia During the First Republic

3616: 2086: 1910: 1890: 1046:

Responsible for the task of restoring order was the Minister of the Interior

749: 577: 474: 444: 419: 414: 379: 3113:

There has been a lot of discussion about the degree of participation of the

2517: 1439:

who undertook to revolt Cartagena, Valencia, Barcelona, Seville and Murcia.

898:

Pi y Margall was the principal translator of Proudhon's works, according to

484: 6696: 6686: 6161: 6086: 6026: 6001: 5946: 5600: 5562: 5527: 5052: 4987: 4841: 2458:

When the Cortes reopened on 2 January 1874, the captain general of Madrid,

2263: 2223: 2118: 2062: 1748: 1598:

has come by the agreement of an Assembly, in a legal and peaceful manner".

1590: 1508: 1302:

The beginning of the cantonal rebellion and the resignation of Pi y Margall

1144: 1032: 924: 628: 454: 389: 374: 364: 6166: 6136: 6126: 6081: 5956: 5547: 5502: 5467: 5157: 5067: 4846:

Anarquismo y sindicalismo en España. La Primera Internacional (1864-1881)

2640:. At this time he would establish a strange and intimate friendship with 2612:

located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean 3000 kilometers away from the

2511: 2467: 2441: 2362: 2329: 2238:, respectively. "In addition, he mobilized the reservists, bolstered the 2154: 2077:

The second maritime expedition aimed to revolt the Andalusian coast from

1933: 1835: 1763: 1744: 1694: 1674: 1641: 1415: 1279: 1271: 1226: 1211: 1152: 1137: 1105: 944: 888: 864: 756: 100: 30: 3715: 2061:

Meanwhile, in Murcia, the first major land expedition was organized for

2035:

was about to enter Cartagena, he was intercepted by the armored frigate

2002: 1924:

The cantonal rebellion also occurred in some places in the provinces of

807: 6726: 6711: 6706: 6151: 5625: 5275: 5152: 5122: 5017: 2652: 2300:, fourth president of the Executive Power of the First Spanish Republic 2028: 1625:, while the collusion of France allowed them to receive external help. 567: 2097: 2078: 2027:, which was requisitioned in the port of Alicante, and made a stop in 2006: 1898: 1605:, since the supporters of Don Carlos campaigned with total freedom in 999: 6766: 6716: 6046: 5610: 5167: 5062: 4954: 2552: 2548: 2348: 2267: 2231: 1953: 1906: 1878: 1768: 1755:

The formation of the provisional Government of the Spanish Federation

1617:, and extended their action throughout the country, while the suitor 1614: 1356: 940: 903: 851: 739: 724: 504: 2671: 2210: 2129: 2082: 1941: 1894: 1522:

The civil governor telegraphed the president of the Executive Power

1344: 1007:, first president of the executive government of the first republic. 6071: 5630: 5314: 5132: 3160: 2660: 2235: 2172: 1976: 1539: 1352: 1306: 1065:

Pi y Margall also needed to deal twice with the proclamation of a "

1011:

That same day, the self-proclaimed National Assembly appointed the

985: 932: 677: 2293: 1628:

Another focus of conflict for the Pi y Margall government was the

6756: 4972: 3156: 3108: 2344: 2176: 2114: 1918: 1914: 1882: 1871: 1839: 1610: 1480:

blood, replacing the flag of Turkey with the red cantonal flag".

1340: 1328: 1267: 1206:

in Madrid while General Contreras, commanding the militia of the

557: 2419: 2250: 1488:

arrived in Cartagena, accompanied by the Murcian federal deputy

16:

Insurrection in parts of Spain during the First Spanish Republic

5921: 5856: 4577: 4575: 3577: 3575: 2110: 2066: 2065:, a city that did not want to join the Canton of Cartagena, as 1921:, although there are doubts about the existence of the latter. 1902: 1797: 1535: 1348: 936: 931:(AIT) – spreading in the following days through the regions of 4192:"Incidence in the Murcia Region of the cantonalist phenomenon" 2595:

Instead, the Minister of the Interior, the unitary republican

1689:. The next day Pi y Margall resigned after 37 days of office. 1370:

and other cities, the Madrid Public Health Committee ordered:

795: 6146: 4824:

El federalismo. La libertad protegida, la convivencia pactada

3126: 2317: 2284:

The Canton of Cartagena, the last stronghold of the rebellion

1785: 1538:. When he went to Madrid he was stopped by insurgents at the 1335:, without major disturbances, without noise and without blood 704: 692: 4923: 4572: 3572: 1972:

The maritime and land expeditions of the Canton of Cartagena

1576: 2621: 2289:

The siege of Cartagena by the government of Emilio Castelar

1404: 1090: 4868:

El movimiento obrero en la historia de España. I.1832-1899

3749:. Vol. 16. Circle of Friends of History. p. 78. 3478: 3476: 2543:

to surrender and the Revolutionary Junta commissioned Don

2216: 1234:, second president of the Executive Power of the Republic. 2085:. On 28 July, under the command of General Contreras the 3141:

sent on 5 August to the IWA Commission recognized this:

2624:, nor on those who served sentences in Spanish prisons. 2328:, as if the formulas of modern law were spells from the 3927: 3925: 3473: 3463: 3461: 1155:" constituted the right of the Chamber and were led by 3316: 3314: 2628:

on board as the Spanish representatives intended. The

1952:, on whose pages the creation of the canton linked to 1764:

The extension and the intensification of the rebellion

984:

On 11 February 1873, the day after the abdication of

3922: 3629: 3458: 951:

did not hesitate to employ the army led by generals

4466: 4464: 3592: 3590: 3311: 3272:

El Imparcial. Madrid. 22 de diciembre de 1873, p. 2

2159:, although he was released shortly thereafter. The 979: 4102: 4052:"Provisional Directory of the Spanish Federation" 3998: 2636:Gálvez, through amnesty, to return to his native 6819: 4461: 3599:Legends of Cartagena. Vol. II Legendary episodes 3587: 927:at the initiative of the Spanish section of the 4717: 4641: 4629: 4617: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4566: 4554: 4542: 4530: 4431: 4419: 4407: 4395: 4383: 4371: 4335: 4323: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4263: 4251: 4239: 4177: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4129: 3916: 3856: 3844: 3820: 3808: 3703: 3691: 3679: 3667: 3655: 3581: 3566: 3554: 3482: 3368: 3332: 2189: 1777:thirty-two provinces of Spain were up in arms. 1447:. The signal for the uprising was given by the 3943: 3109:The role of the International in the rebellion 1948:, as well as the publication of the newspaper 1818:A day earlier, on 21 July, the federal deputy 4939: 4862: 4736: 4720:El movimiento cantonal de 1873 (1ª República) 4689: 4677: 4665: 4075: 3892: 3880: 3832: 3769: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3494: 3231:Anarchism: a history of libertarian movements 3218:Anarchism: a history of libertarian movements 2420:The surrender of Cartagena after Pavia's coup 915:The rebellion began on 12 July 1873 with the 832: 4799: 4777: 4518: 4189: 3506: 3440: 3392: 3320: 1800:by train. On 22 July, when 178 towns in the 1185:As soon as the Constituent Courts next met, 3742: 3596: 2447:Following Castelar's parliamentary defeat, 1636:Still, Pi y Margall refused to declare the 1501:of the Federal Republic. Then commanded by 6722:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 4946: 4932: 2247:which would resist until 12 January 1874. 1254:to the people through a law that modified 839: 825: 29: 3121:took the initiative, in addition to the ' 2462:, the military man who was going to lead 2332:. Others said they were going to form an 2188:addressed the following congratulations: 1881:with the proclamations of the cantons of 1577:The response of Pi y Margall's government 1112:as their "patriarch." Alongside him were 4818: 3281: 2670: 2516: 2423: 2386: 2292: 2249: 1975: 1767: 1736:, third president of the First Republic. 1728: 1580: 1507: 1458: 1414: 1405:The proclamation of the Cartagena Canton 1366:On 18 July, once the rebellion began in 1225: 1091:The proclamation of the Federal Republic 1052: 998: 867:insurrection that took place during the 850: 668:Korean People's Association in Manchuria 4884: 4783:Realidad y mito de la Primera República 4755: 4506: 4494: 4482: 4470: 4455: 4443: 4359: 4347: 4311: 4227: 4082:. Murcia Regional Editor. p. 189. 3931: 3904: 3868: 3796: 3467: 3452: 3428: 3416: 3404: 3380: 3356: 3344: 3305: 3293: 2217:The repression of the cantonal movement 1936:, the attempt to constitute cantons in 1913:there were proclamations of cantons in 855:Federal Shield of Valencia Canton, 1873 6820: 5727:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 4840: 4802:La revolución de 1868 y la I República 4722:. Sada (A Coruña): Edicios do Castro. 4701: 4653: 3776:. Diputació de Castelló. p. 137. 3601:. Murcia: J. Soler. pp. 150–156. 3115:International Workingmen's Association 2508:International Workingmen's Association 1307:The "Intransigents" abandon the Cortes 651:International Workingmen's Association 4927: 4800:López-Cordón, María Victoria (1976). 3950:The First Spanish Republic 1873 -1874 1772:Seal of the Valencian federal canton. 1136:. The model they favored was that of 6838:Military history of Cartagena, Spain 1697:" sector that advocated repression. 1260:Constitution of the Federal Republic 1057:Cartoon from the satirical magazine 4763:. Barcelona: Crítica/Marcial Pons. 4032:. The Canton Murciano. 25 July 1873 3980:. The Murciano Canton. 24 July 1873 2571:, where they arrived the next day. 2339:under the protectorate of England. 1585:Charicature in satirical newspaper 1097:Federal Democratic Republican Party 893:Federal Democratic Republican Party 13: 4737:Blanco Valdés, Roberto L. (2014). 4103:Navarro Melenchón, Julián (2004). 4057:. El Cantón Murciano. 27 July 1873 4027:"Cartagena Public Salvation Board" 3999:Navarro Melenchón, Julián (2004). 3975:"Cartagena Public Salvation Board" 2678:affected by the cantonal rebellion 2666: 2369:pesetas to meet the war expenses. 1679:Spanish Draft Constitution of 1873 1456:that the defenses had been taken. 1071:Provincial Deputation of Barcelona 919:– although three days earlier the 14: 6909: 4907: 2581:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand 1986:, flagship of the cantonal fleet. 1621:had formed a rival government in 1423:, published in Cartagena in 1873. 1210:, took the Ministry of War. The " 929:International Workers Association 887:supported by the "centrist" and " 6786: 5760:International Conference of Rome 5750:International Conference of Rome 4695: 4683: 4671: 4659: 4647: 4635: 2230:to send military expeditions to 2001:under General Contreras towards 980:The proclamation of the Republic 806: 794: 782: 770: 207: 174: 163: 144: 126: 107: 94: 83: 4711: 4623: 4611: 4599: 4587: 4560: 4548: 4536: 4524: 4512: 4500: 4488: 4476: 4449: 4437: 4425: 4413: 4401: 4389: 4377: 4365: 4353: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4293: 4281: 4269: 4257: 4245: 4233: 4221: 4183: 4171: 4159: 4147: 4135: 4123: 4096: 4076:Puig Campillo, Antonio (1986). 4069: 4044: 4019: 3992: 3967: 3937: 3910: 3898: 3886: 3874: 3862: 3850: 3838: 3826: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3763: 3736: 3709: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3661: 3649: 3623: 3560: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3500: 3488: 3446: 3434: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3386: 3374: 3362: 3350: 3338: 3326: 5872:Australian Anarchist Centenary 5797:German Revolution of 1918–1919 4718:Barón Fernández, José (1998). 4199:Annals of Contemporary History 4190:Pérez Crespo, Antonio (1994). 3953:. Rialp Editions. p. 68. 3299: 3287: 3275: 3266: 3254: 3236: 3223: 3207: 2451:, leader of the radicals, and 2132:it was flanked by the British 2009:on the Murcian coast, and the 1: 5513:Decentralized planned economy 4953: 4892:. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. 4741:. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. 3200: 2586: 2343:was preparing for a war with 1534:obeyed his orders to abandon 974: 45:12 July 1873 – 3 January 1874 5108:Proletarian internationalism 3770:Monlleó Peris, rose (1996). 3743:Sanz Agüero, Marcos (1979). 3719:Political history, 1808–1874 3263:. Madrid. 26 July 1873, p. 3 2642:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo 2630:Bourbon Restoration in Spain 2318:those that followed the fall 1889:(on 20 July), as well as in 1877:Other uprisings occurred in 1383:On 22 August, when only the 1177:, by 218 votes against two. 7: 5807:1919 United States bombings 4920:of the canton of Cartagena. 4632:, pp. 264–265, 280–281 3670:, pp. 169–171, 301–302 3183: 2618:National Historical Archive 2381:Because my lover will pass 2351:trembled at the closure of 2058:that was safe at the port. 1377:and administrative agents. 497:Philosophies and tendencies 10: 6914: 6762:Situationist International 5832:Spanish Revolution of 1936 5692:Self-managed social center 3630:Region of Murcia digital. 3597:Soler Cantó, Juan (2000). 2545:Antonio Bonmatí i Caparrós 2379:Be careful when you shoot 1838:, since many of them were 1528:Volunteers of the Republic 1431:, thought about moving to 1408: 1392:not the other way around: 1208:Volunteers of the Republic 673:Spanish Revolution of 1936 6781: 6666: 6226: 6176: 5901: 5887:Really Really Free Market 5882:1999 Seattle WTO protests 5706: 5578: 5486: 5450: 5403: 5326: 5257: 5248: 5198: 5173:Temporary autonomous zone 5098:Permanent autonomous zone 5033:Consensus decision-making 4961: 3945:Martí Gilabert, Francisco 2377:Castillo de las Galeras, 1963:on tobacco and salt, the 1852:La Linea de la Concepcion 1820:Francisco González Chermá 1397:limit individual rights. 1244:separate Church and State 1104:living conditions of the 789:Libertarianism portal 254:Revolutionary spontaneity 119: 76: 37: 28: 23: 6883:19th-century revolutions 5877:Carnival Against Capital 5802:Bavarian Soviet Republic 5791:Manifesto of the Sixteen 5687:Radical environmentalism 5636:Independent Media Center 5568:Workers' self-management 5013:Autonomous social center 4785:. Madrid: Espasa Calpe. 4779:Jover Zamora, José María 2475:Fernando León y Castillo 1419:Header of the newspaper 1134:Manuel Fernández Herrero 656:Revolutions of 1917–1923 619:Libertarian municipalism 609:Democratic confederalism 573:Chaulieu–Montal tendency 322:Workers' self-management 6878:19th-century rebellions 5508:Cost the limit of price 4109:. EDITUM. p. 318. 4005:. EDITUM. p. 327. 3658:, pp. 166–169, 173 3248:Encyclopædia Britannica 2428:Entry of the troops of 2353:its glorious university 2228:Arsenio Martínez Campos 2207:Arsenio Martínez Campos 2205:to cut off the general 2104:the payment of 500,000 2054:to Werner, but not the 1734:Nicolás Salmerón Alonso 1445:Manuel Cárceles Sabater 1143:The "centrists" led by 1118:Francisco Díaz Quintero 953:Arsenio Martínez Campos 909:Encyclopædia Britannica 532:Individualist anarchism 302:Participatory economics 170:Arsenio Martínez Campos 6302:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5113:Propaganda of the deed 5103:Prefigurative politics 5093:Participatory politics 5038:Conscientious objector 4918:historical reenactment 4848:. Barcelona: Crítica. 4820:Piqueras, José Antonio 4326:, pp. 111–116–118 3811:, pp. 90, 170–171 3190:First Spanish Republic 3181: 3165:San Lúcar de Barrameda 3148: 3139:Francisco Tomás Oliver 3131:San Lúcar de Barrameda 3035:Canton of San Fernando 2679: 2526: 2480:Eduardo Palanca Asensi 2437: 2392: 2385: 2383:With the flag of blood 2358: 2301: 2259: 2199: 1987: 1816: 1773: 1737: 1722: 1706: 1671: 1661: 1651: 1594: 1574: 1553: 1524:Francisco Pi y Margall 1519: 1472: 1424: 1402: 1381: 1337: 1319: 1235: 1232:Francisco Pi y Margall 1088: 1062: 1048:Francisco Pi y Margall 1008: 878:Francisco Pi y Margall 869:First Spanish Republic 856: 287:Decentralized planning 282:Co-operative economics 133:Juan Contreras y Román 120:Commanders and leaders 6843:Libertarian socialism 6752:Libertarian socialism 5867:Kate Sharpley Library 5842:Red inverted triangle 5785:High Treason Incident 5775:Congress of Amsterdam 5183:Voluntary association 4993:Anti-authoritarianism 4983:Anarchist criminology 4978:Anarchist Black Cross 4914:Cartagena-Cantón-1873 4864:Tuñón de Lara, Manuel 4804:. Madrid: Siglo XXI. 3722:. AKAL. p. 412. 3632:"Antonio Gálvez Arce" 3176: 3143: 3135:Tomás González Morago 2674: 2601:Francesc Pi y Margall 2520: 2427: 2390: 2375: 2313: 2304:On 7 September 1873, 2296: 2253: 2194: 2128:was in the waters of 2124:On 1 August when the 1979: 1832:province of Castellón 1824:Castellón de la Plana 1811: 1771: 1732: 1714: 1699: 1666: 1656: 1646: 1584: 1570: 1548: 1511: 1462: 1418: 1394: 1372: 1324: 1314: 1229: 1084: 1056: 1002: 854: 239:Egalitarian community 224:Anti-authoritarianism 201:Libertarian socialism 67:Republican Government 6888:Cantonalism in Spain 6853:Wars involving Spain 6848:Revolutions in Spain 6793:Anarchism portal 6197:Fictional characters 5682:Radical cheerleading 4642:Barón Fernández 1998 4630:Barón Fernández 1998 4618:Barón Fernández 1998 4606:Barón Fernández 1998 4594:Barón Fernández 1998 4582:Barón Fernández 1998 4567:Barón Fernández 1998 4555:Barón Fernández 1998 4543:Barón Fernández 1998 4531:Barón Fernández 1998 4432:Barón Fernández 1998 4420:Barón Fernández 1998 4408:Barón Fernández 1998 4396:Barón Fernández 1998 4384:Barón Fernández 1998 4372:Barón Fernández 1998 4336:Barón Fernández 1998 4324:Barón Fernández 1998 4300:Barón Fernández 1998 4288:Barón Fernández 1998 4276:Barón Fernández 1998 4264:Barón Fernández 1998 4252:Barón Fernández 1998 4240:Barón Fernández 1998 4207:University of Murcia 4178:Barón Fernández 1998 4166:Barón Fernández 1998 4154:Barón Fernández 1998 4142:Barón Fernández 1998 4130:Barón Fernández 1998 3917:Barón Fernández 1998 3857:Barón Fernández 1998 3845:Barón Fernández 1998 3821:Barón Fernández 1998 3809:Barón Fernández 1998 3704:Barón Fernández 1998 3692:Barón Fernández 1998 3680:Barón Fernández 1998 3668:Barón Fernández 1998 3656:Barón Fernández 1998 3582:Barón Fernández 1998 3567:Barón Fernández 1998 3555:Barón Fernández 1998 3483:Barón Fernández 1998 3369:Barón Fernández 1998 3333:Barón Fernández 1998 3123:Petroleum Revolution 3079:Canton of Torrevieja 2532:José López Domínguez 2523:José López Domínguez 2503:Constitution of 1869 2492:Constitutional Party 2434:Congress of Deputies 2414:José López Domínguez 2322:Caliphate of Córdoba 2190:Barón Fernández 1998 1999:Fernando el Católico 1828:province of Valencia 1802:province of Valencia 1681:had been written by 1630:Petroleum Revolution 1568:also promised that: 1559:On 15 July, General 1204:Congress of Deputies 921:Petroleum Revolution 801:Socialism portal 777:Anarchism portal 745:Democratic socialism 683:New social movements 297:Industrial democracy 6898:Anarchist uprisings 6833:Federalism in Spain 6742:Left-libertarianism 5817:Kronstadt rebellion 5755:Trial of the Thirty 5722:Revolutions of 1848 5664:No gods, no masters 5473:Synthesis anarchism 5463:Anarcho-syndicalism 5451:Types of federation 4916:, a group making a 4870:. Barcelona: Laia. 4826:. Madrid: Cátedra. 4668:, pp. 197, 200 4620:, pp. 264, 280 4608:, pp. 280, 323 3636:History: characters 3557:, pp. 160, 167 3022:Canton of Salamanca 3009:Canton of Plasencia 2846:Canton of Castellón 2831:Canton of Cartagena 2719:Canton of Algeciras 2597:Eugenio García Ruiz 2547:, on behalf of the 2409:José Sánchez Bregua 2192:, pp. 206–207 2048:Reinhold von Werner 1950:El Cantón Extremeño 1513:Antonio Gálvez Arce 1490:Antonio Gálvez Arce 1421:El Cantón Murciano 1411:Canton of Cartagena 1294:to the Army of the 1187:Estanislao Figueras 1043:for young people). 1016:Estanislao Figueras 1005:Estanislao Figueras 917:Canton of Cartagena 813:Politics portal 549:Anarcho-syndicalism 312:Socialist economics 151:Antonio Gálvez Arce 90:Canton of Cartagena 6828:Anarchism in Spain 6692:Anti-globalization 6362:Dominican Republic 6187:Anarcho-punk bands 5847:Labadie Collection 5837:Barcelona May Days 5741:Cantonal rebellion 5676:Property is theft! 5642:The Internationale 5596:Anarchist bookfair 5395:Without adjectives 5250:Schools of thought 4690:Tuñón de Lara 1977 4678:Tuñón de Lara 1977 4666:Tuñón de Lara 1977 4656:, pp. 228–229 4644:, pp. 281–282 4596:, pp. 276–277 4584:, pp. 275–276 4569:, pp. 274–275 4557:, pp. 269–270 4509:, pp. 402–403 4485:, pp. 399–400 4446:, pp. 397–398 4434:, pp. 237–238 4362:, pp. 394–396 4338:, pp. 119–123 4314:, pp. 390–391 4302:, pp. 207–209 4290:, pp. 190–194 4278:, pp. 184–189 4254:, pp. 184–187 4242:, pp. 183–184 4180:, pp. 128–129 4168:, pp. 111–113 4156:, pp. 141–142 4132:, pp. 135–140 4079:El Cantón Murciano 3934:, pp. 389–391 3919:, pp. 114–116 3893:Blanco Valdés 2014 3881:Blanco Valdés 2014 3871:, pp. 387–388 3859:, pp. 177–179 3833:Blanco Valdés 2014 3799:, pp. 387–388 3706:, pp. 176–177 3682:, pp. 171–176 3584:, pp. 165–166 3543:Blanco Valdés 2014 3531:Blanco Valdés 2014 3519:Blanco Valdés 2014 3495:Blanco Valdés 2014 3470:, pp. 385–386 3455:, pp. 384–385 3419:, pp. 383–384 3407:, pp. 382–383 3383:, pp. 381–382 3347:, pp. 366–367 3094:Canton of Valencia 2996:Canton of Orihuela 2886:Canton of Gualchos 2734:Canton of Alicante 2680: 2614:Philippine Islands 2577:lieutenant general 2527: 2438: 2436:on 3 January 1874. 2393: 2302: 2260: 2182:battle of Orihuela 1988: 1774: 1738: 1638:state of emergency 1595: 1520: 1473: 1425: 1236: 1128:, and the writers 1063: 1013:Federal Republican 1009: 994:Constituent Courts 923:had broken out in 861:Cantonal rebellion 857: 688:Zapatista uprising 317:Worker cooperative 292:Economic democracy 218:Political concepts 24:Cantonal rebellion 6868:Conflicts in 1874 6858:Conflicts in 1873 6815: 6814: 6772:Spontaneous order 6702:Anti-war movement 6207:Jewish anarchists 5717:French Revolution 5670:Popular education 5446: 5445: 5163:Spontaneous order 5023:Classless society 4833:978-84-376-3269-8 4770:978-84-8432-876-6 4748:978-84-206-8823-7 4521:, pp. 71, 74 4519:López-Cordón 1976 3507:López-Cordón 1976 3441:López-Cordón 1976 3393:López-Cordón 1976 3321:López-Cordón 1976 3229:George Woodcock. 3195:Third Carlist War 3119:internationalists 3106: 3105: 3049:Canton of Sevilla 2925:Canton of Jumilla 2873:Canton of Granada 2860:Canton of Córdoba 2816:Canton of Camuñas 2761:Canton of Andújar 2748:Canton of Almansa 2579:and received the 2549:Spanish Red Cross 2496:Third Carlist War 1830:the towns of the 1782:Internationalists 1640:proposed by the " 1603:Third Carlist War 1526:that neither the 1385:cantons of Málaga 1252:communal property 1240:Third Carlist War 1175:José María Orense 1114:Nicolás Estévanez 1110:José María Orense 1029:communal property 990:National Assembly 891:" sectors of the 849: 848: 700:Rojava Revolution 636: 635: 624:Utopian socialism 583:Council communism 186: 185: 72: 71: 6905: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6682:Anti-consumerism 6677:Anti-corporatism 5827:Amakasu Incident 5770:Strandza Commune 5745:Haymarket affair 5648:Jewish anarchism 5590:A las Barricadas 5558:Social ownership 5543:Market socialism 5518:Free association 5478:Union of egoists 5255: 5254: 5188:Workers' council 5178:Union of egoists 5138:Security culture 5048:Decentralization 5043:Critique of work 4948: 4941: 4934: 4925: 4924: 4903: 4881: 4859: 4837: 4815: 4796: 4774: 4752: 4733: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4196: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4056: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4031: 4023: 4017: 4016: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3979: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3895:, pp. 70–71 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3835:, pp. 68–69 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3746:History of Spain 3740: 3734: 3733: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3594: 3585: 3579: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3545:, pp. 69–70 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3521:, pp. 66–67 3516: 3510: 3509:, pp. 67–68 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3471: 3465: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3240: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3211: 3064:Canton of Tarifa 2982:Canton of Murcia 2967:Canton of Motril 2952:Canton of Málaga 2899:Canton of Huelva 2774:Canton of Bailén 2682: 2681: 2134:ironclad warship 2113:on the coast of 2011:ironclad warship 1981:Ironclad warship 1867:Canton of Málaga 1865:On 21 July, the 1848:Fermin Salvochea 1794:Pedro Barrientos 1790:Valencian Canton 1741:Nicolás Salmerón 1687:Nicolás Salmerón 1565:Federal cantons! 1486:Antonio Altadill 1333:Federal Republic 1220:Nicolás Salmerón 1161:Nicolás Salmerón 1041:military service 949:Nicolás Salmerón 841: 834: 827: 811: 810: 799: 798: 787: 786: 785: 775: 774: 773: 735:Social democracy 601:Other tendencies 515:Social anarchism 501: 500: 259:Workers' control 244:Free association 234:Decentralization 211: 188: 187: 179: 178: 177: 168: 167: 166: 159: 149: 148: 147: 141: 131: 130: 129: 114:Spanish Republic 112: 111: 110: 99: 98: 97: 88: 87: 86: 39: 38: 33: 21: 20: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6902: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6787: 6785: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6732:Labour movement 6662: 6661: 6660: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6172: 6171: 6170: 5897: 5896: 5895: 5892:Occupy movement 5765:Ferrer movement 5702: 5701: 5700: 5616:Escuela Moderna 5574: 5573: 5572: 5482: 5442: 5399: 5363:Insurrectionary 5322: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5118:Refusal of work 5003:Anti-militarism 4998:Anti-capitalism 4957: 4952: 4910: 4900: 4878: 4856: 4834: 4812: 4793: 4771: 4749: 4730: 4714: 4709: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4636: 4628: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4604: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4580: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4553: 4549: 4541: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4477: 4469: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4442: 4438: 4430: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4310: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4250: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4194: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4013: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3741: 3737: 3730: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3628: 3624: 3609: 3595: 3588: 3580: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3241: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3214:George Woodcock 3212: 3208: 3203: 3186: 3169:Emilio Castelar 3111: 2801:Canton of Cádiz 2787:Canton of Béjar 2704:Canton of Alcoy 2669: 2667:List of cantons 2610:Mariana Islands 2589: 2453:General Serrano 2449:Cristino Martos 2422: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2356:the Government. 2326:crown of Aragon 2306:Emilio Castelar 2298:Emilio Castelar 2291: 2286: 2219: 1974: 1961:consumption tax 1807:La Marseillaise 1766: 1757: 1727: 1718: 1710:Emilio Castelar 1702: 1683:Emilio Castelar 1579: 1544:Jerónimo Poveda 1467:, hoisted over 1413: 1407: 1398: 1378: 1375: 1309: 1304: 1276:consumption tax 1248:abolish slavery 1216:Emilio Castelar 1183: 1157:Emilio Castelar 1120:, the generals 1093: 1019:"revolutionary 982: 977: 961:Emilio Castelar 900:George Woodcock 845: 805: 793: 783: 781: 771: 769: 762: 761: 720: 712: 711: 646: 638: 637: 614:Guild socialism 593:Western Marxism 498: 490: 489: 335: 327: 326: 277:Anti-capitalism 272: 264: 263: 219: 175: 173: 172: 164: 162: 153: 145: 143: 142: 135: 127: 125: 108: 106: 95: 93: 92: 84: 82: 65:Victory of the 57: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6911: 6901: 6900: 6895: 6893:Naval mutinies 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6747:Libertarianism 6744: 6739: 6737:Left communism 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668:Related topics 6664: 6663: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6637:United Kingdom 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6352:Czech Republic 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6007:González Prada 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5822:Makhnovshchina 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5739: 5737:Hague Congress 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5538:Labour voucher 5535: 5533:Give-away shop 5530: 5525: 5523:General strike 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5458:Affinity group 5454: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5428:Post-anarchist 5425: 5420: 5415: 5409: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5351:Social ecology 5348: 5338: 5332: 5330: 5328:Post-classical 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5307: 5297: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5263: 5261: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5148:Social ecology 5145: 5143:Self-ownership 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5073:Horizontalidad 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5028:Class struggle 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5008:Affinity group 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4951: 4950: 4943: 4936: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4909: 4908:External links 4906: 4905: 4904: 4898: 4886:Vilches, Jorge 4882: 4876: 4860: 4854: 4838: 4832: 4816: 4810: 4797: 4791: 4775: 4769: 4757:Fontana, Josep 4753: 4747: 4734: 4728: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4634: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4571: 4559: 4547: 4535: 4523: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4460: 4448: 4436: 4424: 4412: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4364: 4352: 4340: 4328: 4316: 4304: 4292: 4280: 4268: 4256: 4244: 4232: 4220: 4182: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4134: 4122: 4115: 4095: 4088: 4068: 4043: 4018: 4011: 3991: 3966: 3959: 3936: 3921: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3861: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3813: 3801: 3789: 3782: 3762: 3755: 3735: 3728: 3708: 3696: 3684: 3672: 3660: 3648: 3622: 3607: 3586: 3571: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3511: 3499: 3487: 3472: 3457: 3445: 3433: 3421: 3409: 3397: 3385: 3373: 3361: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3310: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3265: 3253: 3235: 3222: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3182: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2938:Canton of Loja 2934: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2912:Canton of Jaén 2908: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2686:Federal Canton 2668: 2665: 2588: 2585: 2421: 2418: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2218: 2215: 2146:Friedrich Carl 2039:Friedrich Carl 1996:paddle steamer 1973: 1970: 1965:secularization 1885:(19 July) and 1765: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1726: 1723: 1578: 1575: 1561:Juan Contreras 1469:Galeras Castle 1465:Ottoman Empire 1449:Galeras Castle 1437:Juan Contreras 1409:Main article: 1406: 1403: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1192:Juan Contreras 1182: 1179: 1170: 1169: 1149: 1141: 1122:Juan Contreras 1092: 1089: 981: 978: 976: 973: 847: 846: 844: 843: 836: 829: 821: 818: 817: 816: 815: 803: 791: 779: 764: 763: 760: 759: 754: 753: 752: 747: 737: 732: 730:Libertarianism 727: 721: 719:Related topics 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 708: 707: 697: 696: 695: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 664: 663: 661:Makhnovshchina 653: 647: 644: 643: 640: 639: 634: 633: 632: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 603: 602: 598: 597: 596: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 562: 561: 554: 553: 552: 551: 546: 541: 540: 539: 529: 528: 527: 522: 509: 508: 499: 496: 495: 492: 491: 488: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 336: 333: 332: 329: 328: 325: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 273: 270: 269: 266: 265: 262: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 229:Class conflict 226: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 204: 203: 197: 196: 184: 183: 160: 122: 121: 117: 116: 104: 79: 78: 74: 73: 70: 69: 63: 59: 58: 53: 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6910: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6873:1874 in Spain 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6863:1873 in Spain 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6783: 6780: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6642:United States 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6402:French Guiana 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5812:Biennio Rosso 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5732:Paris Commune 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5553:Mutual credit 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5498:Communization 5496: 5495: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5288:Philosophical 5286: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5266:Individualist 5264: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5209:Animal rights 5207: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5078:Individualism 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5058:Direct action 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4937: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4901: 4899:84-206-6768-4 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4877:84-7222-331-0 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4855:84-7423-023-3 4851: 4847: 4843: 4842:Termes, Josep 4839: 4835: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4811:84-323-0238-4 4807: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4792:84-239-1994-3 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4729:84-7492-896-6 4725: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4704:, p. 223 4703: 4698: 4692:, p. 201 4691: 4686: 4680:, p. 200 4679: 4674: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4643: 4638: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4614: 4607: 4602: 4595: 4590: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4568: 4563: 4556: 4551: 4545:, p. 272 4544: 4539: 4532: 4527: 4520: 4515: 4508: 4503: 4497:, p. 402 4496: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4473:, p. 399 4472: 4467: 4465: 4458:, p. 397 4457: 4452: 4445: 4440: 4433: 4428: 4422:, p. 219 4421: 4416: 4410:, p. 233 4409: 4404: 4398:, p. 218 4397: 4392: 4386:, p. 228 4385: 4380: 4374:, p. 240 4373: 4368: 4361: 4356: 4350:, p. 394 4349: 4344: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4320: 4313: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4289: 4284: 4277: 4272: 4266:, p. 205 4265: 4260: 4253: 4248: 4241: 4236: 4230:, p. 390 4229: 4224: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4174: 4167: 4162: 4155: 4150: 4144:, p. 140 4143: 4138: 4131: 4126: 4118: 4116:9788483714676 4112: 4108: 4107: 4099: 4091: 4089:9788475640211 4085: 4081: 4080: 4072: 4053: 4047: 4028: 4022: 4014: 4012:9788483714676 4008: 4004: 4003: 3995: 3976: 3970: 3962: 3960:9788432136511 3956: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3928: 3926: 3918: 3913: 3907:, p. 388 3906: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3870: 3865: 3858: 3853: 3847:, p. 173 3846: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3823:, p. 115 3822: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3793: 3785: 3783:9788486895747 3779: 3775: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3756:9788422501749 3752: 3748: 3747: 3739: 3731: 3729:9788470903212 3725: 3721: 3720: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3694:, p. 175 3693: 3688: 3681: 3676: 3669: 3664: 3657: 3652: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3591: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3569:, p. 164 3568: 3563: 3556: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3532: 3527: 3520: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3469: 3464: 3462: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3431:, p. 384 3430: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3401: 3394: 3389: 3382: 3377: 3371:, p. 162 3370: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3335:, p. 214 3334: 3329: 3322: 3317: 3315: 3308:, p. 370 3307: 3302: 3296:, p. 371 3295: 3290: 3283: 3282:Piqueras 2014 3278: 3269: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2677: 2673: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2570: 2565: 2564: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2483: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2417: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2389: 2384: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2281: 2278: 2273: 2272:Despeñaperros 2269: 2265: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2087:steam frigate 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1911:Murcia Region 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1713: 1711: 1705: 1698: 1696: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1481: 1478: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1401: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1380: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1178: 1176: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067:Catalan State 1060: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1025:Radical Party 1022: 1017: 1014: 1006: 1001: 997: 995: 991: 987: 972: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 913: 911: 910: 905: 901: 896: 894: 890: 886: 883: 879: 875: 870: 866: 862: 853: 842: 837: 835: 830: 828: 823: 822: 820: 819: 814: 809: 804: 802: 797: 792: 790: 780: 778: 768: 767: 766: 765: 758: 755: 751: 750:Eco-socialism 748: 746: 743: 742: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 722: 716: 715: 706: 703: 702: 701: 698: 694: 691: 690: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 662: 659: 658: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 642: 641: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 606: 605: 604: 600: 599: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 578:Communization 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 565: 564: 563: 559: 556: 555: 550: 547: 545: 542: 538: 535: 534: 533: 530: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 516: 513: 512: 511: 510: 506: 503: 502: 494: 493: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 337: 331: 330: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 307:Socialization 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 268: 267: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 221: 215: 214: 210: 206: 205: 202: 199: 198: 194: 190: 189: 182: 171: 161: 157: 152: 139: 134: 124: 123: 118: 115: 105: 102: 91: 81: 80: 75: 68: 64: 61: 60: 56: 52: 49: 48: 44: 41: 40: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 6805: 6798: 6784: 6697:Anti-statism 6687:Anti-fascism 6592:South Africa 6092:Pi i Margall 5789: 5640: 5601:Anarcho-punk 5588: 5563:Wage slavery 5528:Gift economy 5423:Postcolonial 5405:Contemporary 5358:Independence 5305:Collectivist 5224:Love and sex 5053:Deep ecology 4988:Anationalism 4889: 4867: 4845: 4823: 4801: 4782: 4760: 4738: 4719: 4712:Bibliography 4697: 4685: 4673: 4661: 4649: 4637: 4625: 4613: 4601: 4589: 4562: 4550: 4538: 4533:, p. 95 4526: 4514: 4507:Vilches 2001 4502: 4495:Vilches 2001 4490: 4483:Vilches 2001 4478: 4471:Vilches 2001 4456:Vilches 2001 4451: 4444:Vilches 2001 4439: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4391: 4379: 4367: 4360:Vilches 2001 4355: 4348:Vilches 2001 4343: 4331: 4319: 4312:Vilches 2001 4307: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4228:Vilches 2001 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4202: 4198: 4185: 4173: 4161: 4149: 4137: 4125: 4105: 4098: 4078: 4071: 4059:. Retrieved 4046: 4034:. Retrieved 4021: 4001: 3994: 3982:. Retrieved 3969: 3949: 3939: 3932:Vilches 2001 3912: 3905:Vilches 2001 3900: 3888: 3883:, p. 69 3876: 3869:Vilches 2001 3864: 3852: 3840: 3828: 3816: 3804: 3797:Vilches 2001 3792: 3772: 3765: 3745: 3738: 3718: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639:. 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Cantonal rebellion

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