31:
240:
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recoil system. When the gun fired the hydraulic buffers slowed the recoil of the cradle which slid up a set of inclined rails on the firing platform and then returned the gun to battery by the combined action of the buffers and gravity. Elevation was largely the same but there was no traverse so in
296:
was the culmination of a family of guns first produced in 1884. The design progressed from the 30-caliber Mle 1884 and Mle 1891 guns, to the 44-caliber Mle 1888 and Mle 1891 guns and lastly the 45-caliber Mle 1887, Mle 1891 and Mle 1893 guns. The 44-caliber and 45-caliber guns had nearly identical
297:
ballistic performance and used the same ammunition. The Mle 1893 used the typical built-up construction of its time. It had a screw breech and used separate-loading ammunition. In the battleships it was installed in armored casemates, using central pivot mounts, but no details are available.
338:
and there was an ammunition hoist at the rear of the carriage. There were also four wooden beams with one between each axle which were lowered lay across the tracks by screw jacks to take weight off of the axles.
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during 1914. The conversion entailed mounting the gun carriage on a simple flatbed rail wagon built from steel I beams and timbers with five
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144 cm (56.5 in) to narrow gauge 61 cm (24 in) allowing the guns to be brought closer to the front.
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In order to anchor the gun, there was an attachment at the front of the carriage for a tie bar which attached to an
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order to aim the gun had to be drawn across a section of curved track or placed on a turntable.
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A number of mle 1884 guns were modified to become railway artillery under the designation
8:
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468:
157:
144:
281:. Guns from scrapped warships were later mounted on auxiliary ships during the 1930s.
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The recoil system for the mle 1884 consisted of a U-shaped gun cradle which held the
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271:. It was carried by a number of ships built during the 1890s including the
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469:"French 138.6 mm/45 (5.46") Models 1884, 1888, 1891 and 1893"
347:
The 7.257-kilogram (16.00 lb) propellant charge for the
326:
barrel and a slightly inclined firing platform with a
499:. Batchelor, John. New York: Scribner. p. 15.
1246:
313:axles that allowed the guns to transition from
871:
586:
554:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth.
878:
864:
593:
579:
549:
530:
225:725–770 m/s (2,380–2,530 ft/s)
1247:
195:Varied by ship, but about -10° to +25°
859:
574:
233:15,000 m (16,000 yd) at 25°
134:6.234 m (20 ft 5.4 in)
39:were armed with a 138-mm gun Mle 1891
494:
490:
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454:
452:
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444:
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307:Canon de 140 sur affut-truc mle 1884
300:
351:was contained in a cartridge case.
245:Chaloupe-canonnière fluviale type A
37:Chaloupe-canonnière fluviale type A
13:
238:
14:
1271:
535:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
483:
435:
461:
253:Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893
29:
411:730 m/s (2,400 ft/s)
395:770 m/s (2,500 ft/s)
382:15,000 m (16,000 yd)
379:730 m/s (2,400 ft/s)
686:75 mm/34 Modèle 1915/1916/1917
552:Naval Weapons of World War One
533:Naval Weapons of World War Two
426:
230:Maximum firing range
1:
659:Battleship secondary armament
524:
342:
163:30–35 kg (66–77 lb)
123:4,080 kg (8,990 lb)
886:French naval weapons of the
601:French naval weapons of the
173:138.6 mm (5.46 in)
23:Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893
7:
404:Semi-armor-piercing, capped
353:
279:pre-dreadnought battleships
10:
1276:
761:Cruiser secondary armament
747:194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896
716:274 mm/45 Modèle 1887/1893
706:194 mm/40 Modèle 1893–1896
620:274 mm/40 Modèle 1893/1896
1204:
1130:
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967:
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550:Friedman, Norman (2011).
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55:Place of origin
54:
44:
28:
21:
725:Cruiser primary armament
630:305 mm/40 Modèle 1893/96
420:
408:35 kg (77 lb)
392:30 kg (66 lb)
376:35 kg (77 lb)
531:Campbell, John (2002).
1151:13.2 mm/76 Modèle 1929
1122:203 mm/50 Modèle 1924
372:Armor-piercing, capped
248:
211:Rate of fire
1196:100 mm/34 Modèle 1933
1141:7.5 mm/80 Modèle 1931
1117:100 mm/34 Modèle 1936
1112:100 mm/45 Modèle 1925
1107:100 mm/45 Modèle 1917
1078:152 mm/55 Modèle 1930
1073:138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
1068:130 mm/45 Modèle 1932
1063:100 mm/55 Modèle 1945
1058:100 mm/45 Modèle 1930
1032:138 mm/50 Modèle 1929
1027:138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
1022:138 mm/40 Modèle 1927
1017:138 mm/45 Modèle 1893
1012:130 mm/45 Modèle 1935
1007:130 mm/40 Modèle 1924
1002:130 mm/40 Modèle 1919
997:100 mm/45 Modèle 1933
992:100 mm/45 Modèle 1891
959:203 mm/55 Modèle 1931
954:203 mm/50 Modèle 1924
949:155 mm/50 Modèle 1920
944:152 mm/55 Modèle 1930
939:138 mm/40 Modèle 1923
920:380 mm/45 Modèle 1935
915:340 mm/45 Modèle 1912
910:330 mm/50 Modèle 1931
905:305 mm/45 Modèle 1906
821:138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
816:138 mm/45 Modèle 1893
811:100 mm/45 Modèle 1891
783:164 mm/45 Modèle 1893
778:164 mm/45 Modèle 1887
773:138 mm/45 Modèle 1893
768:100 mm/45 Modèle 1891
752:194 mm/50 Modèle 1902
742:194 mm/45 Modèle 1887
737:164 mm/45 Modèle 1893
732:164 mm/45 Modèle 1887
701:164 mm/45 Modèle 1893
696:164 mm/45 Modèle 1887
691:138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
650:340 mm/45 Modèle 1912
645:340 mm/42 Modèle 1887
635:305 mm/45 Modèle 1906
625:305 mm/45 Modèle 1887
255:was a medium-calibre
242:
1255:Naval guns of France
1224:550 mm Modèle 1923DT
1191:90 mm/50 Modèle 1926
1186:75 mm/35 Modèle 1927
1181:75 mm/35 Modèle 1924
1176:57 mm/40 Modèle 1902
1171:37 mm/70 Modèle 1935
1166:37 mm/50 Modèle 1925
1161:25 mm/60 Modèle 1940
1156:25 mm/60 Modèle 1938
1102:75 mm/35 Modèle 1927
1097:75 mm/35 Modèle 1924
1053:90 mm/50 Modèle 1926
1048:57 mm/40 Modèle 1885
987:90 mm/50 Modèle 1926
845:57 mm/40 Modèle 1902
806:65 mm/50 Modèle 1891
711:240mm/50 Modèle 1902
681:75 mm/62 Modèle 1908
676:57 mm/40 Modèle 1885
671:47 mm/50 Modèle 1902
666:47 mm/40 Modèle 1885
640:340mm/28 Modèle 1881
221:Muzzle velocity
35:WWI French gunboats
1234:550 mm Modèle 1924V
1229:550 mm Modèle 1924M
1219:550 mm Modèle 1919D
1214:400 mm Modèle 1926V
1146:8 mm/50 Modèle 1914
840:8 mm/50 Modèle 1914
243:Another view of an
1041:Secondary armament
495:Hogg, Ian (1973).
249:
205:depending on mount
149:separate-loading,
98:Production history
1242:
1241:
982:65 mm Modèle 1891
853:
852:
561:978-1-84832-100-7
418:
417:
301:Railway artillery
237:
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184:interrupted screw
1267:
1260:138 mm artillery
888:Second World War
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799:Primary armament
613:primary armament
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432:Campbell, p. 300
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363:Muzzle velocity
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471:. 28 March 2012
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68:In service
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315:standard gauge
311:variable gauge
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115:Specifications
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975:main armament
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898:main armament
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831:Anti-aircraft
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473:. Retrieved
463:
428:
388:Common shell
348:
346:
336:earth anchor
333:
321:
306:
304:
293:
288:
273:
269:World War II
263:used during
252:
250:
244:
151:cased charge
131: length
92:World War II
76:Used by
36:
357:Shell type
274:Charlemagne
265:World War I
261:French Navy
215:about 4 rpm
110:Modèle 1891
108:Modèle 1888
106:Modèle 1887
88:World War I
1249:Categories
896:Battleship
611:Battleship
525:References
506:0684133423
343:Ammunition
324:trunnioned
71:1887—1945?
1206:Torpedoes
1088:Submarine
969:Destroyer
793:Destroyer
257:naval gun
191:Elevation
49:Naval gun
16:Naval gun
497:Rail gun
349:Mle 1893
294:Mle 1893
247:gunboat.
201:Traverse
103:Variants
1134:weapons
930:Cruiser
833:weapons
360:Weight
291:calibre
289:The 45-
259:of the
169:Caliber
558:
539:
515:760898
513:
503:
475:6 July
366:Range
285:Design
276:-class
179:Breech
160:weight
129:Barrel
79:France
58:France
973:Aviso
797:Aviso
421:Notes
158:Shell
145:Shell
1090:guns
971:and
795:and
556:ISBN
537:ISBN
511:OCLC
501:ISBN
477:2012
414:N/A
398:N/A
267:and
251:The
120:Mass
84:Wars
45:Type
1251::
509:.
485:^
437:^
90:,
879:e
872:t
865:v
594:e
587:t
580:v
564:.
545:.
517:.
479:.
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