358:. The thickness of the flood-water sediment within the Candy Mountain AVA gradually decreases as one moves up the mountain, and the sediment is not found within the upper 70 feet (21 m) of the appellation. By contrast, the regions to the north, south, and west of the mountain and Candy Mountain are at lower elevations and, therefore, have thicker accumulations of flood sediments in their soils. According to the petition, the soils of the AVA have an effect on viticulture. The soils are fairly loose, which allows for root expansion. The soils also do not have a large water holding capacity, meaning that vineyard owners must monitor soil moisture carefully to ensure the vines have adequate access to water. Finally, the thin soils allow roots to come into contact with the underlying basalt bedrock, which is composed of
423:, all located in the Yakima Valley viticultural area. The Benton City station is located on Red Mountain within its viticultural area. A comparison of average annual air temperatures for the years 1995 through 1999 shows that the Benton City station consistently had the warmest temperatures. The average temperature difference between Benton City and Gleed, the coolest site, ranged from 3.92 to 5.61 degrees. The petitioner stated that the difference of only a few degrees over the course of a growing season can produce dramatic results on the
269:, on behalf of the following industry members with wine businesses within the Candy Mountain appellation: Ramer Holtan, who is developing a commercial wine grape vineyard on Candy Mountain; Premiere Columbia Partners LLC, owners of Candy Mountain Vineyard; and Paul and Vickie Kitzke, owners of Kitzke Cellars. For wines to bear the “Candy Mountain AVA” label, at least 85% of the grapes used for production must be grown in the designated area, Candy Mountain is a sub-appellation entirely within the
38:
307:. Topography also distinguishes the Candy Mountain AVA from the surrounding regions which is located on the southwest-facing slope of Candy Mountain. Within the AVA, elevations range from 640 to 1,320 feet (195–402 m), and slope angles are moderate ranging from 2 to 20 degrees. Gentle slopes facilitate mechanized vineyard maintenance and harvest. A south-facing slope aspect increases the amount per unit area of
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much of the land immediately surrounding the appellation is a valley floor with elevations below 640 feet (195 m). The exception is the northeastern side of Candy
Mountain, which has similar elevations to the proposed AVA but were excluded due to northeasterly slope aspect and steep slope angles of up to 60 degrees.
427:
characteristics of wine. He further stated that Red
Mountain is typically the first grape growing area in Washington State to harvest grapes because of its warmer temperatures. According to the petitioner, the warmer temperatures also help to produce fully mature, ripe grapes with exceptional balance
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in the grape vines, as well as grape development and maturation. By contrast, the valley floor surrounding both the entire Candy
Mountain and the AVA is essentially flat, with slope angles less than 2 degrees, and is susceptible to cold air pooling and the associated frosts and freezes. Additionally,
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where southwest facing slopes experience warmer temperatures and more sunlight hours than any other part of the
Columbia Valley. Like Red Mountain, it also has higher winds relative to the surrounding area. Temperatures on Red Mountain tend to be hotter during the growing season than those in other
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prevents air settling and frost damage to the grapes. The area has a desert climate with average annual rainfall of 5 inches (130 mm). During the growing season, daytime temperatures average 90 °F (32 °C) with nighttime temperatures dropping below 50 °F (10 °C). Vineyards
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AVAs adjacent to the eastern boundary of Goose Gap AVA and few miles southeast of Red
Mountain AVA. Within the 815 acres (330 ha) minute AVA, there are currently two producing commercial vineyards, Candy Mountain Vineyard and Kitzke Cellars, which cultivate approximately 54 acres (22 ha)
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to cultivate additional 200 acres (81 ha) of vineyards in the AVA. A copy of the lease was included in the petition as evidence of Mr. Holtan's intent to grow wine grapes. Currently, Kitzke
Cellars is the only winery within the AVA, although the petition noted that other Washington wineries
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areas of the Yakima Valley viticultural area. The nighttime temperatures drop considerably, helping to preserve the acid levels within the grape. To support this observation, the Red
Mountain petition submitted temperature data gathered from weather stations in the
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Within its 815 acres (1.3 sq mi), the minute AVA began with two producing commercial vineyards, Candy
Mountain Vineyard and Kitzke Cellars, which cultivated approximately 54 acres (22 ha). Additionally, Mr. Holtan secured long-term leases from the
386:. The petition states that these minerals and nutrients are only present in the bedrock, so vines planted in the surrounding regions where the soil is thicker do not have the same access to these elements as vines planted within the AVA.
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The distinguishing features of the Candy
Mountain AVA are its soils and topography. Candy Mountain appellation is a segment of a series of four mountains in the area, which includes
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from the northern elevations flowing to the lower river valley moves across the hillside vineyards and keeps the grapes from being overheated. This constant
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waters pooled behind downstream topographic restrictions that define
Columbia Valley soils. The loess and sediment, in turn, both overlay
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501:"Establishment of the Candy Mountain Viticultural Area and Modification of the Yakima Valley Viticultural Area"
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Candy Mountain lies 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Red Mountain and borders Goose Gap sharing similar
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245:. The viticultural area is the state's 16th AVA formally established on September 24, 2020, by the
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Discovering Washington Wines: An Introduction to One of the Most Exciting Premium Wine Regions
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303:, that are collectively referred to as “the rattles” due to their alignment with the larger
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340:. The sediment is a mixture of gravel and sand that was derived directly from surging
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that differ substantially in quality from those of other growing areas in the state.
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waters and also includes silt and fine sand that settled out of suspension when the
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flows past the area and provides a moderating effect on the temperature.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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to supply water to the vines allowing viniters to optimize the
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The soils of Candy Mountain are developed from wind-deposited
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557:"Sweet 16th AVA in Washington belongs to Candy Mountain"
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The Wine Project: Washington State's Winemaking History
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785:Irvine, Ronald; Clore, Walter J. (August 1, 1997).
278:with future expansions for 200 acres (81 ha)
890:American Viticultural Areas of Washington (state)
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590:. Washington State Wine Commission Center. 2024.
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407:. He compared data from the weather stations of
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655:. WA Parks & Public Facilities. June 2023.
518:Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB)
247:Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)
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751:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)
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734:"Red Mountain Viticultural Area (99R– 367P)"
704:. Seattle, Wash: Raconteurs Press. pp.
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401:Washington Public Agriculture Weather System
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602:"Welcome to the World, Candy Mountain AVA!"
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818:"Washington Wineries Seek New Appellation"
737:(27 CFR Part 9 RIN: 1512–AAO7 Final Rule)
629:. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
463:Washington Department of Natural Resources
253:after reviewing the petition submitted by
148:flood sediment, underlying basalt bedrock
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900:2020 establishments in Washington (state)
677:United States Department of the Interior
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229:that encompasses the slopes surrounding
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895:Geography of Benton County, Washington
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612:from the original on October 30, 2020.
567:from the original on January 27, 2023.
311:that reaches the surface and promotes
555:Degerman, Eric (September 25, 2020).
764:from the original on April 18, 2023.
531:from the original on April 17, 2023.
504:(27 CFR 9 RIN 1513–AC42 Final Rule)
524:: 60358–60362. September 25, 2020.
466:source from Candy Mountain grapes.
16:Viticultural area in Washington, US
13:
14:
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816:Gaffney, Jacob (April 24, 2000).
698:Parker, Tom (September 1, 2002).
791:. Sketch Publications. pp.
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450:growth cycle of their grapevines
223:American Viticultural Area (AVA)
144:Loess, windblown silt and sand,
757:: 18543–18546. April 10, 2001.
156:815 acres (1.3 sq mi)
649:"Little Badger Mountain Trail"
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133:Precipitation (annual average)
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624:"Wine Appellations of Origin"
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672:National Park Service (NPS)
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405:Washington State University
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52:American Viticultural Area
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136:5 in (127 mm)
627:(Requirements for Use)
608:. September 25, 2020.
301:Little Badger Mountain
164:110 acres (45 ha)
66:Years of wine industry
828:on September 6, 2004.
606:Wine, Wit, and Wisdom
237:located southwest of
119:Rattlesnake Hills AVA
653:City of Richland, WA
584:"Candy Mountain AVA"
561:Great Northwest Wine
431:At Benton City, the
305:Rattlesnake Mountain
862: /
127:Snipes Mountain AVA
106:Columbia Valley AVA
90:Columbia Valley AVA
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273:and the expansive
255:Dr. Kevin R. Pogue
188:Cabernet Sauvignon
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370:that are rich in
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110:Yakima Valley AVA
100:Other regions in
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866:46.25°N 119.35°W
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403:administered by
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123:Red Mountain AVA
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267:Whitman College
180:Grapes produced
141:Soil conditions
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243:Columbia River
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219:Candy Mountain
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633:February 17,
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441:air movement
433:Yakima River
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293:Red Mountain
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218:
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172:of vineyards
27:
18:
869: /
843:TTB AVA Map
409:Benton City
209:of wineries
196:Sangiovese
29:Wine region
884:Categories
470:References
446:irrigation
425:enological
378:, such as
366:and other
336:overlying
287:Topography
241:along the
227:Washington
153:Total area
102:Washington
86:Washington
683:March 30,
413:Sunnyside
376:magnesium
364:feldspars
334:fine sand
259:professor
857:119°21′W
759:Archived
755:Treasury
610:Archived
565:Archived
526:Archived
522:Treasury
456:Industry
444:rely on
437:Cool air
380:pyroxene
368:minerals
338:sediment
251:Treasury
239:Richland
854:46°15′N
793:271-272
516:(187).
396:terroir
390:Climate
384:olivine
360:calcium
356:bedrock
342:ice-age
282:Terroir
263:geology
146:ice age
82:Part of
74:Country
42:TTB map
799:
749:(69).
716:
679:. 2023
419:, and
362:-rich
353:basalt
332:) and
299:, and
221:is an
192:Merlot
762:(PDF)
706:39-41
529:(PDF)
421:Gleed
417:Buena
349:flood
330:loess
200:Syrah
797:ISBN
714:ISBN
685:2024
635:2024
382:and
374:and
372:iron
326:silt
320:Soil
61:2020
48:Type
265:at
261:of
233:in
225:in
207:No.
170:No.
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