853:, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to areas prescribed by the constitution. Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers, the sovereign's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a "rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the prime minister bows before the queen, he bows before us ." Either the sovereign or his or her governor general may therefore oppose the prime minister's will in extreme, crisis situations. Near the end of her time as governor general, Adrienne Clarkson stated: "My constitutional role has lain in what are called 'reserve powers': making sure that there is a prime minister and a government in place, and exercising the right 'to encourage, to advise, and to warn' Without really revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three."
100:
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802:—argued that both Parliament and the Cabinet had become eclipsed by prime ministerial power; Savoie wrote: "The Canadian prime minister has little in the way of institutional check, at least inside government, to inhibit his ability to have his way." Indeed, the position has been described as undergoing a "presidentialization", to the point that its incumbents publicly outshine the actual head of state (and
1231:; Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who were university lecturers, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice. Former prime ministers also commonly penned autobiographies—Tupper, for example—or published their memoirs—such as Diefenbaker and
838:, codifies the process by which a caucus may trigger a party leadership review and, if necessary, chose an interim leader, thereby making a prime minister more accountable to the MPs in his or her party. Caucuses may choose to follow these rules, though the decision would be made by recorded vote, thereby subjecting the party's choice to public scrutiny.
1215:, and John Turner, each before they returned to private business. Meighen was also appointed to the Senate following his second period as prime minister, but resigned his seat to seek re-election and moved to private enterprise after failing to win a riding. Also returning to civilian life were: Robert Borden, who was Chancellor of
558:
While there is no legal requirement for the prime minister to be an MP, for practical and political reasons the prime minister is expected to win a seat very promptly. However, in rare circumstances individuals who are not sitting members of the House of
Commons have been appointed to the position of
785:
Pierre
Trudeau is often credited with, throughout his tenure as prime minister (1968-79, 1980-84), consolidating power in the PMO, which is itself filled by political and administrative staff selected at the prime minister's discretion and unaccountable to Parliament. At the end of the 20th century
686:
wins a majority of seats, the prime minister may resign or choose to meet
Parliament to see if the incumbent government can win a confidence vote. Should the prime minister's party achieve a minority while an opposition party wins a plurality (i.e., more seats than any other party but less than a
630:
and smaller political parties typically do not follow the same practice. However, if the governing party selects a new leader shortly before an election is due, and that new leader is not a member of the legislature, they will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in
546:
A prime minister who has given his intention to resign may advise the governor general on whom to appoint as the next prime minister. However, if the prime minister is resigning because he has lost the confidence of the House of
Commons, the viceroy is not obligated to follow that advice.
662:, Section 56.1(2) limited the term of a government to four years, with election day being set as the third Monday in October of the fourth calendar year after the previous polling date. The governor general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue the
617:
When a prime minister loses their seat in the legislature, or should a new prime minister be appointed without holding a seat, the typical process that follows is that a member in the governing political party will resign to allow the prime minister to run in the resulting by-election. A
983:
titles to
Canadians. The Crown in right of Canada (but not the Crown in right of the United Kingdom, which has periodically bestowed such Imperial honours on such citizens) has since adopted this policy generally, such that the last prime minister to be knighted near appointment was
522:
In 2008, a public opinion survey showed that 51% of
Canadians believed they voted to directly elect the prime minister. In fact, the prime minister, along with the other ministers in Cabinet, is appointed by the governor general on behalf of the monarch. By the conventions of
916:
for the prime minister and their family. All of the aforementioned is provided through budgets approved by
Parliament, as is the prime minister's total annual compensation of $ 357,800 (consisting of an MP's salary of $ 178,900 and the prime minister's salary of $ 178,900).
746:
given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding, meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general, leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions. As such, the prime minister, supported by the
681:
Following parliamentary dissolution, should the prime minister's party subsequently win a majority of seats in the House of
Commons, it is unnecessary to re-appoint the prime minister or for the prime minister to retake the oath of office. If, however, an
814:
alluded to what she saw as "an unspoken rivalry" that had developed between the prime minister and the Crown. It has been theorized that such is the case in Canada as its
Parliament is less influential on the executive than in other countries with
932:
were given private funerals, Bennett also being the only former prime minister of Canada to die and be buried outside the country and Bowell the only whose funeral was not attended by politicians. John
Thompson also died outside Canada, at
988:, who was the prime minister at the time the Nickle Resolution was debated in the House of Commons (and was knighted before the resolution). Still, Bennett was, in 1941, six years after he stepped down as prime minister, elevated to the
975:, however, the House of Commons declared that it should be against the policy of the Canadian Sovereign (and the Canadian government advising the Monarch when such honours are not within the Monarch's personal gift) to bestow
767:, and approximately 3,100 other positions. Further, the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process—with the majority of bills put before Parliament originating in the Cabinet—and the leadership of the
613:
as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and subsequently was appointed prime minister while not holding a seat in the House of Commons; Turner won a riding in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept from power.
527:, the foundation of parliamentary democracy, the governor general will call to form a government the individual most likely to receive the support, or confidence, of a majority of the directly elected members of the
1165:, after either the individual's political party won a general election or proposed to form either a confidence-and-supply government or coalition government. The term does not apply to incumbent prime ministers.
737:
and its executive powers, which are governed by the written constitution and constitutional conventions. However, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power. Today, per the doctrines of
4353:
1585:
819:; particularly, Canada has fewer MPs, a higher turnover rate of MPs after each election, and a US-style system for selecting political party leaders, leaving them accountable to the party membership rather than
4253:
597:
Prime ministers who are not MPs upon their appointment (or who lose their seats while in office) have since been expected to seek election to the House of Commons as soon as possible. For example,
5578:
539:, of seats in the House of Commons. No document is needed to begin the appointment; the prime minister-designate becomes prime minister as soon as he accepts the governor general's invitation to
1722:
4238:
651:, meaning the post does not have a fixed term, and once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until they resign, are dismissed, or die.
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555:, the King must send for him." If the leader of the opposition is unable or unwilling to form a government, the governor general can consult whomever he wishes.
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4258:
2900:"Federal Government > Prime Ministers of Canada > Biographical Informarion > BENNETT, The Right Hon. Richard Bedford, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J., LL.B."
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can quickly bring down a serving premier and even mere threats of such action can persuade or compel a prime minister to resign his post, as happened with
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751:(PMO), controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada's system of governance, including the governor general, the Cabinet, justices of the
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After exiting office, former prime ministers of Canada have engaged in various pursuits. Some remained in politics: Bowell continued as a senator,
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There do exist checks on the prime minister's power: the House of Commons may revoke its confidence in an incumbent prime minister and Cabinet or
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should not be used in official contexts. The written form of address for the prime minister should use his or her full parliamentary title:
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In the Wake of Constitutional Crisis: New Survey Demonstrates that Canadians Lack Basic Understanding of Our Country's Parliamentary System
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605:(that his party won), briefly governed without a seat in the House of Commons before winning a by-election a few weeks later. Similarly,
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1962:
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1199:, Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as prime minister (Mackenzie King twice); Alexander Mackenzie and
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The position of prime minister is not outlined in any Canadian constitutional document and is mentioned only in a few sections of the
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4590:
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725:, when, in fact, that role belongs to the Canadian monarch, represented by the governor general. The prime minister is, instead, the
1121:, around the time of Robert Borden's premiership. While contemporary sources will still speak of early prime ministers of Canada as
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896:. For transportation, the prime minister is afforded an armoured car (a car allowance of $ 2,000 per year) and shared use of two
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parties generally observed a practice of not running a candidate against another party's new leader in the by-election, the
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remained in the House of Commons as a backbench MP, and Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the
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423:. The prime minister also selects individuals for appointment as governor general (in the federal jurisdiction) and
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3154:
2651:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"
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The prime minister–designate of Canada is the person who has been designated as the future prime minister by the
1067:
846:
288:
531:; as a practical matter, this is often the leader of the party, or a coalition of parties, whose members form a
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3231:
2197:"First Among Equals: The Prime Minister in Canadian Life and Politics > Alone at the Top > Head of State"
1919:
1586:"House of Commons Procedure and Practice - 1. Parliamentary Institutions - Canadian Parliamentary Institutions"
602:
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1058:, the 19th prime minister of Canada (1993) and only female and British Columbia–born person to hold the office
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1804:, On the Formation of Government, vol. 22, Edmonton: Centre for Constitutional Studies, p. 105
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388:), but, in practice, the powers of the monarch and governor general are nearly always exercised on the
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2692:
2691:. Vol. 30, no. 4. Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. p. 23. Archived from
2452:. Vol. Autumn 2009, no. 30. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 10. Archived from
2100:
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510:. The office and its functions are instead governed by constitutional conventions and modelled on the
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1125:, the modern practice is such that the federal head of government is known almost exclusively as the
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3768:. The C. D. Howe Series in Canadian Political History Series. University of British Columbia Press.
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In the decades following Confederation, it was common practice to refer to the prime minister as
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Statesmen, Strategists and Diplomats: Canada's Prime Ministers and the Making of Foreign Policy
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majority), the prime minister can attempt to maintain the confidence of the House by forming a
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364:(MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. The prime minister is appointed by
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3159:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Styles of address — Federal dignitaries"
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62:"Premier of Canada" redirects here. For provincial and territorial heads of government, see
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to form a government. But Thompson declined and instead advised Stanley to call on Senator
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permitted his lying-in-state before his body was returned to Canada for a state funeral in
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344:. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists only per long-established
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for the remainder of their lives; should they remain sitting MPs, they may be referred as
8:
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List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office § Calculation of terms of office
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won a majority of seats. Trudeau's Liberals subsequently won a plurality of seats in the
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Because the prime minister is in practice the most politically powerful member of the
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with other minority parties, which was last entertained in 1925 or by entering into a
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on newly appointed Canadian prime ministers. Accordingly, several carried the prefix
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The Senate may delay or impede legislation put forward by the Cabinet, such as when
709:
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Prime Ministerial Power in Canada: Its Origins under Macdonald, Laurier, and Borden
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that the governor general refused the prime minister's request for a general vote.
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turned down the offer to be the next head of government, leading Governor General
831:
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is the current prime minister, who took office on November 4, 2015, following the
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At the Centre of Government: The Prime Minister and the Limits on Political Power
3683:
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3238:. Vol. 1902. Toronto: The Annual Review Publishing Company. pp. 449–453
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Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free, & Accepted Masons of Canada
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of those who apply for them. The heraldic badge, referred to by the CHA as the
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2305:"Liberals' idea for gender quota in Cabinet leaves out the principle of merit"
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1921:'Complete nonsense': Experts dispute Scheer's claims about forming government
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1203:, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths;
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2101:"NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh won't have a free pass if he runs in a byelection"
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This title is granted to holders of the office for life upon taking office.
1414:
poll found 42% of respondents thought the prime minister was head of state.
1055:
1040:
1016:
971:
refused the honour of a knighthood from Queen Victoria. Following the 1919
925:
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774:
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General, The Office of the Secretary to the Governor (November 12, 2020).
2944:
2343:
Governing from the Centre: The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics
1751:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982"
1724:
Intergovernmental Affairs > About Canada > The Canadian Constitution
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4661:
4090:
4070:
3980:
2586:"Thanks to the Senate, I've finally come around to liking the Reform Act"
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1043:, Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin were granted arms with the augmentation.
1023:, consists of four red maple leaves joined at the stem on a white field (
799:
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560:
3706:
Canada's Prime Ministers, Governors General and Fathers of Confederation
1858:
1260:
4485:
3877:
3393:"Politics and Government > Sir John A. Macdonald > The Opponents"
3348:
3181:"Canada's Premier Talks; Attitude of the Dominion on the Seal Question"
1411:
960:
396:
to the House of Commons. Canadian prime ministers are appointed to the
3843:
3414:
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
2682:"A Tradition of Vigilance: The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta"
1882:
Disinformation as a Back Door to 'Constitutional Revolution' in Canada
1531:"The Canadian Parliamentary system - Our Procedure - House of Commons"
967:
before their name; of the first eight prime ministers of Canada, only
6224:
5154:
4060:
3317:"The Distribution of Human and Animal Life in Western Arctic America"
1768:
1066:
when one is speaking to the federal head of government directly; the
1036:
781:, the 10th prime minister of Canada (1921–1926; 1926–1930; 1935–1948)
619:
507:
4354:
Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs
4139:
3785:
Unknown and unforgettable : a guide to Canada's Prime Ministers
3332:
3316:
1850:
1795:
Cyr, Hugo (2017), Lagassé, Philippe; MacDonald, Nicholas A. (eds.),
1774:
Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor General of Canada
1397:
and rejected the appointment as prime minister. Byng then installed
5408:
4646:
2167:, Toronto: Ipsos Reid, December 15, 2008, p. 1, archived from
980:
5872:
5586:
2481:
Vive Quebec!: new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation
1686:
695:, or by winning support of other parties on a vote-by-vote basis.
4702:
4666:
4636:
3730:. The C.D. Howe Series in Canadian Political History. UBC Press.
2420:'I need help': Why did Canada's first lady spark such a backlash?
997:
3839:
Official government Web site of the Office of the Prime Minister
1951:(6 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, pp. 3–4,
1082:, other members of parliament may address the prime minister as
4676:
4445:
3130:
2235:"Will the prorogation of Parliament set off a populist revolt?"
1051:
341:
4254:
Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development
3289:. Vol. 9. Santa Fe: Santa Fe Magazine. 1914. p. 44.
2818:"Did You Know > The Langevin Block from Yesterday to Today"
2622:(1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 16,
1062:
Canada continues the Westminster tradition of using the title
959:
Prior to 1919, it was traditional for the monarch to bestow a
70:. For the government agency associated with the position, see
4707:
1854:
Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry
1389:
announced his intention to resign as prime minister in 1920.
1025:
Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at the stem Gules
3387:
3153:
2135:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Canada Elections Act"
1643:(5 ed.). Don Mills: Oxford University Press. pp.
593:, the first prime minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891)
2532:"Only in Canada: Harper's prorogation is a Canadian thing"
1323:
When the position is held by a woman, the French title is
1290:
List of prime ministers of Canada by religious affiliation
4414:
2063:"How Canadians Govern Themselves > The Prime Minister"
721:, they are sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada's
4264:
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
4239:
Employment, Workforce Development and Official Languages
2845:"Frequently Asked Questions on State Funerals in Canada"
2393:"The Prime Minister's Wife: What Is Her Title, Exactly?"
1338:
When the style is held by a woman, the French title is:
868:, the official residence of the prime minister of Canada
551:
wrote, "where the government is defeated and there is a
2191:
1824:
Survey suggests Canadians ignorant of government system
890:
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building
221:
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building
3204:
2345:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 362.
1150:
3838:
3131:
Department of Canadian Heritage (October 16, 2017).
3084:"Chrétien, Joseph Jacques Jean [Individual]"
2842:
2559:
2484:. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. p. 91.
2048:
1992:
1242:
1004:
in Canada. No prime minister has since been titled.
315:
1285:
List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office
575:, succeeded prime ministers who had died in office—
4229:Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities
3787:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Shorelawn Publishing.
3258:"Premier Pledges Canada to Fight Until War is Won"
3059:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
3030:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
3001:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2972:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2943:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2271:
1669:"Privy Council Office | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
666:prior to the date mandated by the constitution or
360:; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a
3606:. Vol. XVIII (1951–1960) (online ed.).
2894:
2507:"Keep the Queen and choose another head of state"
1104:the Right Honourable Minister of National Defence
1076:The Right Honourable , , Prime Minister of Canada
920:Serving or former prime ministers are accorded a
713:Canada's prime ministers during its first century
6773:
3656:. Vol. XXII (1991–2000) (online ed.).
3475:. Vol. XVII (1941–1950) (online ed.).
3447:. Vol. XVII (1941–1950) (online ed.).
3439:"Bennett, Richard Bedford, 1st Viscount Bennett"
3232:"The Proposed Union of Canada with Newfoundland"
3051:
3049:
3022:
3020:
2812:
2788:"GG reflects on mandate during farewell address"
1717:
1275:Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada
1078:. However, while in the House of Commons during
892:(formerly known as Langevin Block), across from
5740:
5601:
4274:Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast Guard
3556:. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.).
3528:. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.).
2964:
2962:
2880:. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.).
1749:Branch, Legislative Services (August 7, 2020).
1039:, Pierre Trudeau, John Turner, Brian Mulroney,
517:
5587:Heads of state and government of North America
3631:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
3581:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
3503:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
2993:
2991:
1223:, as well as working in the financial sector;
1131:provincial and territorial heads of government
1106:, or should they become opposition leader, as
5888:
5572:
4430:
4155:
3953:
3939:
3675:List of books about prime ministers of Canada
3211:. Hamilton: Spectator Printing Co. p. 15
3046:
3017:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2278:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p.
1300:List of books about prime ministers of Canada
1108:the Right Honourable Leader of the Opposition
3763:
3327:(5). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing: 459–460.
3236:The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs
2959:
2847:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2820:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2655:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
1901:
1899:
1857:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1727:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1339:
1324:
1295:Prime ministers of Canada in popular culture
1138:
953:The mark of the prime ministership of Canada
924:, wherein their casket lies in state in the
87:
2988:
2478:Blair, Louisa (2001). Venne, Michel (ed.).
2228:
2226:
2082:
2080:
1480:is the current residence of Justin Trudeau.
1090:. Former prime ministers retain the prefix
559:prime minister. Two former prime ministers—
458:(twenty-two men and one woman) have formed
23:
5895:
5881:
5579:
5565:
4501:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)
4437:
4423:
4162:
4148:
4124:
3946:
3932:
3650:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3625:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3600:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3575:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3497:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3469:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3441:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3314:
2928:
2116:
2114:
2034:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1851:Office of the Governor General of Canada,
992:by King George VI as Viscount Bennett, of
567:—served in the 1890s while members of the
98:
24:
4259:Families, Children and Social Development
3744:
3595:
3564:
3550:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
3541:
3539:
3522:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
2790:. CTV. September 14, 2005. Archived from
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1896:
1767:
1357:died in office in 1891, Governor General
1168:
733:the Crown on how to exercise much of the
622:is usually chosen; while the Liberal and
3570:
3517:
2416:
2223:
2077:
2019:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1503:
1172:
1050:
1021:mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada
955:, applied to the arms of prime ministers
947:
928:of Parliament Hill. Only Bowell and the
860:
849:(GST) came before the Senate, and given
773:
708:
585:
68:joint premiers of the Province of Canada
32:This is an accepted version of this page
4973:
4294:Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
3809:
3702:
3645:
3620:
3589:
3545:
3488:
3486:
3229:
3081:
2679:
2642:
2609:
2440:
2266:
2111:
2098:
1504:Heritage, Canadian (October 16, 2017).
1011:(CHA) grants former prime ministers an
658:to five years, a 2007 amendment to the
489:
443:, and the chairs and boards of various
415:The prime minister is supported by the
14:
6774:
5397:
4209:Associate Minister of National Defence
3782:
3681:
3536:
3461:
2583:
2560:Parliament of Canada (June 23, 2015),
2504:
2340:
2328:
2232:
2217:
2152:
2120:
2086:
2060:
1979:
1938:
1917:
1905:
1878:
1748:
1636:
1616:"Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances"
1499:
1497:
1404:
1305:Spouse of the prime minister of Canada
1137:(in French, premiers are addressed as
654:While the lifespan of a parliament is
392:of the Cabinet, which is collectively
376:, selects other ministers to form the
352:, the prime minister governs with the
5876:
5560:
5203:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations
4418:
4304:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
4169:
4143:
3927:
3723:
3492:
3436:
3315:Freshfield, A. C. Haddon (May 1913).
2869:
2753:
2716:
2477:
2423:, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2390:
2302:
1928:from the original on October 21, 2019
1603:
1117:, a custom that continued during the
698:
384:is vested in the monarch (who is the
72:Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)
3483:
3369:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010
2759:"A lightning rod for patriotic love"
2529:
2367:"Time to address democratic deficit"
786:and into the 21st, analysts—such as
412:), a privilege maintained for life.
5902:
5476:Topics by provinces and territories
4404:Women and Gender Equality and Youth
3688:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
2648:
2391:Zamon, Rebecca (November 4, 2015).
2024:(1 ed.), Cambridge, p. 35
1794:
1777:, Ottawa: King's Printer for Canada
1640:Canadian Democracy: An Introduction
1494:
1417:
1207:dying while still in the post; and
1102:title (if appointed to one), as in
1088:the Right Honourable Prime Minister
1046:
876:are provided to the prime minister—
66:. For the historical position, see
56:
3668:
2872:"Thompson, Sir John Sparrow David"
2728:. Toronto: Rogers Communications.
2661:(3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12
2530:Foot, Richard (January 15, 2010),
2132:
1885:, Toronto: Ontario Bar Association
1844:
1698:Library of the Canadian Parliament
1434:
1151:Prime minister-designate of Canada
761:ambassadors and high commissioners
57:
6803:
3832:
3764:English, J.R.; Dutil, P. (2023).
3363:"Sir John Sparrow David Thompson"
3283:"The Santa Fe magazine, Volume 9"
3028:"Mulroney, Rt. Hon. Martin Brian"
2970:"Trudeau, Rt. Hon. Pierre Elliot"
2874:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
2233:Geddes, John (January 25, 2009).
1918:Bryden, Joan (October 19, 2019),
1393:was summoned by Governor General
1280:List of prime ministers of Canada
1027:); the augmentation is usually a
817:Westminster parliamentary systems
634:
512:same office in the United Kingdom
380:and chairs it. Constitutionally,
6475:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5848:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5709:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5539:
5538:
5526:
4309:Innovation, Science and Industry
4123:
4114:
4113:
3653:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3628:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3603:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3578:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3553:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3525:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3500:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3472:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3444:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2941:"Clark, Rt. Hon. Charles Joseph"
2877:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2505:Franks, C.E.S. (April 9, 2010),
2443:"The Senior Realms of the Queen"
1259:
1245:
1096:the Right Honourable Member for
1084:the Right Honourable Member for
904:for international flights and a
4561:Former colonies and territories
4359:Public Services and Procurement
3850:Library of Parliament of Canada
3639:
3614:
3511:
3455:
3430:
3407:
3381:
3355:
3308:
3275:
3250:
3223:
3198:
3173:
3155:Department of Canadian Heritage
3147:
3124:
3094:
3075:
2914:
2888:
2863:
2836:
2806:
2780:
2747:
2710:
2680:Neitsch, Alfred Thomas (2008).
2673:
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2471:
2434:
2417:Alberici, Emma (May 18, 2016),
2410:
2384:
2359:
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2322:
2303:Coyne, Andrew (June 30, 2015).
2296:
2260:
2211:
2185:
2126:
2099:Grenier, Éric (July 12, 2018).
2092:
2054:
2042:
2020:Jennings, William Ivor (1947),
2013:
1945:How Canadians Govern Themselves
1932:
1911:
1872:
1838:
1815:
1788:
1761:
1742:
1711:
1661:
1347:
1332:
1191:. A number were leaders of the
1068:Department of Canadian Heritage
996:in the County of Surrey and of
765:provincial lieutenant governors
705:King's Privy Council for Canada
693:confidence-and-supply agreement
601:, after losing his seat in the
573:government leader in the Senate
4496:Post-Confederation (1867–1914)
4249:Environment and Climate Change
3467:"King, William Lyon Mackenzie"
3264:, p. 1, November 21, 1916
3205:Grand Lodge of Canada (1884).
3106:The Governor General of Canada
2999:"Turner, Rt. Hon. John Napier"
2584:Selley, Chris (May 28, 2015).
2133:Branch, Legislative Services.
1673:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1630:
1578:
1560:The Governor General of Canada
1548:
1523:
1470:
1461:
1317:
13:
1:
6787:1867 establishments in Canada
3855:Canada's Best Prime Ministers
3747:The Prime Ministers of Canada
3102:"Paul Edgar Phillippe Martin"
2689:Canadian Parliamentary Review
2061:Forsey, Eugene (March 2012).
1993:Government of Canada (1970),
1827:, CBC News, December 14, 2008
1798:The Crown in the 21st Century
1487:
1476:Under renovation since 2015.
990:peerage of the United Kingdom
910:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
856:
806:are sometimes referred to as
356:of a majority of the elected
4329:Mental Health and Addictions
4244:Energy and Natural Resources
4204:Associate Minister of Health
3897:Canadian order of precedence
3596:Glassford, Larry A. (2016).
3395:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3230:Hopkins, J. Castell (1901).
3161:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3135:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3057:"Campbell, Rt. Hon. Kim, PC"
2649:Cox, Noel (September 2002).
2566:, Queen's Printer for Canada
2441:Jackson, Michael D. (2009).
2199:. Queen's Printer for Canada
2065:. Queen's Printer for Canada
823:(as is the case in the UK).
749:Office of the Prime Minister
518:Qualifications and selection
59:Head of government of Canada
7:
6065:Congo (Democratic Republic)
4541:Crown and Indigenous people
4379:Sport and Physical Activity
3658:University of Toronto Press
3633:University of Toronto Press
3608:University of Toronto Press
3583:University of Toronto Press
3558:University of Toronto Press
3530:University of Toronto Press
3505:University of Toronto Press
3477:University of Toronto Press
3449:University of Toronto Press
3389:Library and Archives Canada
3187:, p. 9, March 12, 1893
3110:Canadian Heraldic Authority
2882:University of Toronto Press
2193:Library and Archives Canada
1694:"Prime Ministers of Canada"
1359:the Lord Stanley of Preston
1326:première ministre du Canada
1238:
1009:Canadian Heraldic Authority
810:). Former governor general
779:William Lyon Mackenzie King
599:William Lyon Mackenzie King
581:John Sparrow David Thompson
561:John Joseph Caldwell Abbott
10:
6808:
5431:Provincial and territorial
5354:Inventions and discoveries
4491:British Canada (1763–1867)
4444:
4364:Rural Economic Development
4224:Crown–Indigenous Relations
3886:Governor General of Canada
3672:
3495:"Diefenbaker, John George"
3416:"John Alexander MacDonald"
2902:Queen's Printer for Canada
2843:State Funerals in Canada.
2241:. Toronto: Kenneth Whyte.
1369:. Ahead of Prime Minister
1154:
1143:, literally translated as
888:—as well an office in the
702:
645:The prime minister serves
638:
571:. Both, in their roles as
334:premier ministre du Canada
89:Premier ministre du Canada
61:
6782:Prime ministers of Canada
6658:
5910:
5731:
5592:
5520:
5484:
5458:
5309:
5225:
5195:
5147:
5138:
5039:
4877:
4813:
4729:
4720:
4690:
4657:Newfoundland and Labrador
4629:
4618:
4524:
4461:
4452:
4314:International Development
4199:Agriculture and Agri-Food
4177:
4109:
3961:
3955:Prime ministers of Canada
3902:
3892:
3874:
3869:
3648:"Trudeau, Pierre Elliott"
3571:Bothwell, Robert (2016).
3546:Buckner, Phillip (1998).
2274:The Friendly Dictatorship
2049:Government of Canada 1970
1395:the Viscount Byng of Vimy
648:at His Majesty's pleasure
310:
294:
284:
276:
266:
260:constitutional convention
254:
249:At His Majesty's pleasure
242:
226:
214:
202:
192:
164:
156:
131:
120:
95:
86:
81:
6600:Turks and Caicos Islands
6050:Central African Republic
3894:Prime Minister of Canada
3844:Prime Minister of Canada
3810:Stewart, J.D.M. (2018).
3623:"Pearson, Lester Bowles"
3321:The Geographical Journal
2450:Canadian Monarchist News
2002:, WordPress, p. 145
1771:(October 1, 1947), "I",
1637:Brooks, Stephen (2007).
1373:'s resignation in 1896,
1310:
1227:, who was Chancellor of
1157:Prime minister-designate
908:for domestic trips. The
804:prime minister's spouses
674:was the only time since
656:constitutionally limited
553:leader of the opposition
330:prime minister of Canada
82:Prime Minister of Canada
39:latest accepted revision
4591:Persons of significance
4586:National Historic Sites
4284:Government House Leader
3914:Chief Justice of Canada
3709:. Pembroke Publishers.
3518:BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (1998).
3367:Encyclopædia Britannica
2341:Savoie, Donald (1999).
2139:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1755:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1556:"Constitutional Duties"
884:, a country retreat in
851:Canada's federal nature
740:constitutional monarchy
729:and is responsible for
482:, leaving Trudeau with
437:Supreme Court of Canada
417:Prime Minister's Office
368:'s representative, the
255:Constituting instrument
238:of the House of Commons
18:Canadian Prime Minister
6010:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4486:New France (1534–1763)
4234:Emergency Preparedness
3745:Donaldson, G. (1994).
3646:English, John (2016).
3621:English, John (2016).
3520:"Laurier, Sir Wilfrid"
3493:Smith, Dennis (2016).
2722:"Defending the royals"
1618:. Parliament of Canada
1340:
1325:
1180:
1169:Activities post-tenure
1139:
1070:advises that the term
1059:
1013:augmentation of honour
956:
912:also furnish constant
869:
847:Goods and Services Tax
782:
714:
594:
525:responsible government
497:Constitution Act, 1982
409:
333:
88:
6485:São Tomé and Principe
6465:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5838:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5699:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4698:Northwest Territories
4601:Territorial evolution
4194:Deputy Prime Minister
3783:Schlee, Gary (2018).
3673:Further information:
3548:"Tupper, Sir Charles"
2896:Library of Parliament
2720:(November 13, 2009).
1879:Pothen, Phil (2009),
1401:as his chief advisor.
1195:: John A. Macdonald,
1176:
1155:Further information:
1054:
951:
864:
845:'s bill creating the
777:
769:Canadian Armed Forces
755:, senators, heads of
712:
703:Further information:
639:Further information:
603:1925 federal election
589:
468:2015 federal election
431:), as well as to the
289:Deputy Prime Minister
6792:Government of Canada
6620:United Arab Emirates
4672:Prince Edward Island
3870:Order of precedence
3813:Being Prime Minister
3749:. Doubleday Canada.
3703:Coucill, I. (2005).
3573:"St. Laurent, Louis"
3437:Waite, P.B. (2016).
2870:Waite, P.B. (1990).
2851:on December 27, 2009
2814:Privy Council Office
2459:on December 29, 2009
2174:on December 16, 2008
1968:on December 29, 2009
1731:on February 27, 2014
1719:Privy Council Office
1379:the Earl of Aberdeen
1353:When Prime Minister
1140:premier ministre du
1092:the Right Honourable
808:First Lady of Canada
668:Canada Elections Act
660:Canada Elections Act
628:New Democratic Party
503:Letters Patent, 1947
490:Origin of the office
484:minority governments
421:Privy Council Office
406:the Right Honourable
362:member of Parliament
141:The Right Honourable
126:Privy Council Office
122:Government of Canada
6590:Trinidad and Tobago
5940:Antigua and Barbuda
5853:Trinidad and Tobago
5748:Antigua and Barbuda
5733:Heads of government
5714:Trinidad and Tobago
5609:Antigua and Barbuda
5027:Firearms regulation
4299:Indigenous Services
3682:Brodie, I. (2018).
3133:"Styles of address"
2794:on October 13, 2007
2698:on October 25, 2012
2542:on January 18, 2010
2397:The Huffington Post
1506:"Styles of address"
1385:as prime minister.
1229:Carleton University
1221:McGill Universities
1193:Official Opposition
969:Alexander Mackenzie
874:official residences
719:Canadian government
425:lieutenant governor
382:executive authority
29:Page version status
5788:Dominican Republic
5649:Dominican Republic
5208:Population centres
4219:Citizens' Services
3724:Dutil, P. (2017).
3262:The New York Times
3185:The New York Times
2923:The London Gazette
2757:(April 10, 2002),
2511:The Globe and Mail
2373:, January 27, 2010
2220:, pp. 233–235
2022:Cabinet Government
1181:
1145:prime minister of
1072:Mr. Prime Minister
1060:
1031:or centred in the
957:
870:
783:
757:Crown corporations
727:head of government
715:
699:Role and authority
595:
535:, or a very large
456:23 prime ministers
445:Crown corporations
350:Westminster system
338:head of government
35:
6769:
6768:
6125:Equatorial Guinea
5870:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5727:
5726:
5554:
5553:
5533:Canada portal
5454:
5453:
5221:
5220:
5035:
5034:
4990:Political parties
4958:Foreign relations
4873:
4872:
4760:Canadian Prairies
4750:Pacific Northwest
4716:
4715:
4614:
4613:
4571:Foreign relations
4412:
4411:
4214:Canadian Heritage
4171:Cabinet of Canada
4137:
4136:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3903:Succeeded by
3890:
3823:978-1-4597-3849-2
3794:978-1-7753780-0-6
3775:978-0-7748-6855-6
3756:978-0-385-25454-0
3737:978-0-7748-3476-6
3716:978-1-55138-185-5
3695:978-0-7735-5378-1
3598:"Meighen, Arthur"
3418:. Queen's Printer
3391:(June 25, 2008).
3112:. August 15, 2013
2629:978-0-662-46012-1
2616:A Crown of Maples
2611:MacLeod, Kevin S.
2491:978-1-55028-734-9
2352:978-0-8020-8252-7
2289:978-0-7710-8079-1
1654:978-0-19-543103-2
1590:www.ourcommons.ca
1566:on April 23, 2020
1535:www.ourcommons.ca
1450:Cabinet of Canada
1429:Cabinet of Canada
1355:John A. Macdonald
1341:La très honorable
1225:Lester B. Pearson
1213:Louis St. Laurent
1115:Premier of Canada
973:Nickle Resolution
914:personal security
898:official aircraft
812:Adrienne Clarkson
735:royal prerogative
664:writs of election
591:John A. Macdonald
577:John A. Macdonald
541:form a government
506:, issued by King
410:Le très honorable
326:
325:
271:John A. Macdonald
47:18 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
6799:
6721:Nagorno-Karabakh
6425:Papua New Guinea
6060:Congo (Republic)
5897:
5890:
5883:
5874:
5873:
5741:Sovereign states
5738:
5737:
5602:Sovereign states
5599:
5598:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5542:
5541:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5395:
5394:
5238:Higher education
5145:
5144:
5130:Science and tech
5017:Multiculturalism
4971:
4970:
4953:Local government
4918:House of Commons
4902:Governor General
4738:
4727:
4726:
4642:British Columbia
4627:
4626:
4481:Pre-colonization
4459:
4458:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4399:Veterans Affairs
4344:Northern Affairs
4339:National Revenue
4334:National Defence
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4127:
4126:
4117:
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3881:
3875:Preceded by
3867:
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3779:
3760:
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3643:
3637:
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3515:
3509:
3508:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3463:Neatby, H. Blair
3459:
3453:
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3434:
3428:
3427:
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3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3385:
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3098:
3092:
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3079:
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3072:
3070:
3068:
3063:on June 13, 2011
3053:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3005:on June 13, 2011
2995:
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2985:
2983:
2981:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2947:on June 13, 2011
2937:
2926:
2925:, July 22, 1941.
2918:
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2776:
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2765:, archived from
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2300:
2294:
2293:
2277:
2268:Simpson, Jeffrey
2264:
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2255:
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2209:
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2074:
2072:
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2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2001:
1996:Governor General
1990:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1961:, archived from
1950:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1893:
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1890:
1876:
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1869:
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1866:
1861:on June 16, 2008
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1571:
1562:. Archived from
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1527:
1521:
1520:
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1501:
1481:
1474:
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1442:Responsibilities
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1371:Mackenzie Bowell
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1249:
1248:
1201:John Diefenbaker
1163:governor general
1142:
1047:Style of address
930:Viscount Bennett
836:Reform Act, 2014
684:opposition party
672:King–Byng Affair
565:Mackenzie Bowell
529:House of Commons
433:Senate of Canada
370:governor general
358:House of Commons
322:
319:
317:
306:
304:
267:Inaugural holder
231:Governor General
197:House of Commons
185:
115:
114:November 4, 2015
102:
91:
79:
78:
64:Premier (Canada)
21:
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6525:Solomon Islands
6405:North Macedonia
6090:Northern Cyprus
5912:
5911:Prime ministers
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5904:Prime ministers
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5588:
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5296:Social programs
5262:Law enforcement
5217:
5191:
5134:
5031:
4969:
4869:
4809:
4796:Atlantic Canada
4774:Canadian Shield
4769:Northern Canada
4736:
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4622:and territories
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4610:
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4279:Foreign Affairs
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3880:
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3696:
3677:
3671:
3669:Further reading
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3333:10.2307/1778163
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3100:
3099:
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3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3034:on July 6, 2011
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3018:
3008:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2976:on May 15, 2011
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2905:
2903:
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2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2824:on May 22, 2013
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2770:
2769:on May 23, 2006
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1969:
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1933:
1924:, Global News,
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1267:Politics portal
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1205:Wilfrid Laurier
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1119:First World War
1080:Question Period
1049:
894:Parliament Hill
882:Harrington Lake
878:24 Sussex Drive
866:24 Sussex Drive
859:
788:Jeffrey Simpson
707:
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209:24 Sussex Drive
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5497:Historiography
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5213:Municipalities
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5125:Transportation
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5078:Communications
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4924:Prime Minister
4921:
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4845:National Parks
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4791:Eastern Canada
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4779:Central Canada
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4745:Western Canada
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1178:Lester Pearson
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1127:prime minister
1064:Prime Minister
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939:Queen Victoria
935:Windsor Castle
906:Challenger 601
902:CC-150 Polaris
880:in Ottawa and
858:
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843:Brian Mulroney
828:caucus revolts
700:
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636:
635:Term of office
633:
611:Pierre Trudeau
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480:2021 elections
470:, wherein his
464:Justin Trudeau
441:federal courts
419:and heads the
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4349:Privy Council
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4066:P. E. Trudeau
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4056:P. E. Trudeau
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3209:
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3186:
3182:
3176:
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2764:
2763:National Post
2760:
2756:
2755:Coyne, Andrew
2750:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2718:Coyne, Andrew
2713:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2660:
2656:
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2645:
2631:
2625:
2618:
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2612:
2606:
2591:
2590:National Post
2587:
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2556:
2541:
2537:
2536:National Post
2533:
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2512:
2508:
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2493:
2487:
2483:
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2474:
2455:
2451:
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2413:
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2394:
2387:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2354:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2331:, p. 258
2330:
2325:
2310:
2309:National Post
2306:
2299:
2291:
2285:
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2276:
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2269:
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2248:
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2240:
2236:
2229:
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2194:
2188:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2140:
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2129:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2064:
2057:
2051:, p. 146
2050:
2045:
2037:
2031:
2023:
2016:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1964:
1960:
1958:0-662-39689-8
1954:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1908:, p. 235
1907:
1902:
1900:
1889:September 13,
1884:
1883:
1875:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1841:
1826:
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1622:September 10,
1617:
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1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:Robert Borden
1384:
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1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:John Thompson
1360:
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1342:
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1253:Canada portal
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1022:
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1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:Robert Borden
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
954:
950:
946:
944:
940:
936:
931:
927:
923:
922:state funeral
918:
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911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:Gatineau Park
883:
879:
875:
867:
863:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
832:Jean Chrétien
829:
824:
822:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:Donald Savoie
789:
780:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:Supreme Court
750:
745:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:head of state
720:
711:
706:
696:
694:
690:
685:
679:
677:
676:Confederation
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
649:
642:
632:
629:
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621:
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612:
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592:
588:
584:
582:
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570:
566:
562:
556:
554:
550:
549:Ivor Jennings
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
515:
513:
509:
505:
504:
499:
498:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:Liberal Party
469:
465:
461:
460:29 ministries
457:
453:
452:Confederation
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Privy Council
395:
391:
387:
386:head of state
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
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321:
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219:
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210:
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198:
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184:
180:
178:
177:Privy Council
175:
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159:
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146:
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127:
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109:
101:
94:
90:
85:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
6751:Turkmenistan
6741:South Africa
6510:Sint Maarten
6490:Saudi Arabia
6070:Cook Islands
6039:
6020:Burkina Faso
5767:
5543:
5524:
5492:Bibliography
5414:Coat of arms
5398:
5319:Architecture
5289:Homelessness
5140:Demographics
5059:Floriculture
4995:Human rights
4974:
4963:Peacekeeping
4923:
4892:Constitution
4814:
4755:Great Plains
4730:
4682:Saskatchewan
4525:
4469:
4462:
4181:
3954:
3911:
3910:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3858:
3812:
3784:
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3726:
3705:
3684:
3651:
3641:
3626:
3616:
3601:
3591:
3576:
3566:
3551:
3523:
3513:
3498:
3470:
3457:
3442:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3366:
3357:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3287:The Santa Fe
3286:
3277:
3266:, retrieved
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3235:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3207:
3200:
3189:, retrieved
3184:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3126:
3116:November 29,
3114:. Retrieved
3105:
3096:
3087:
3077:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:the original
3036:. Retrieved
3032:the original
3007:. Retrieved
3003:the original
2978:. Retrieved
2974:the original
2949:. Retrieved
2945:the original
2922:
2916:
2906:December 10,
2904:. Retrieved
2890:
2875:
2865:
2855:December 10,
2853:. Retrieved
2849:the original
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2822:the original
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2792:the original
2782:
2771:, retrieved
2767:the original
2762:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2725:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2693:the original
2688:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2658:
2654:
2644:
2633:, retrieved
2615:
2605:
2593:. Retrieved
2589:
2579:
2568:, retrieved
2562:
2555:
2544:, retrieved
2540:the original
2535:
2525:
2514:, retrieved
2510:
2500:
2480:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2454:the original
2449:
2436:
2425:, retrieved
2419:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2396:
2386:
2375:, retrieved
2371:Toronto Star
2370:
2361:
2342:
2336:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2273:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2238:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2187:
2176:, retrieved
2169:the original
2160:
2154:
2144:November 17,
2142:. Retrieved
2138:
2128:
2104:
2094:
2089:, p. 38
2069:November 26,
2067:. Retrieved
2056:
2044:
2021:
2015:
2004:, retrieved
1995:
1970:, retrieved
1963:the original
1944:
1934:
1920:
1913:
1887:, retrieved
1881:
1874:
1863:, retrieved
1859:the original
1853:
1846:
1840:
1829:, retrieved
1823:
1817:
1806:, retrieved
1797:
1790:
1779:, retrieved
1773:
1763:
1754:
1744:
1733:, retrieved
1729:the original
1723:
1713:
1703:February 26,
1701:. Retrieved
1697:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1639:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:the original
1559:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1472:
1463:
1436:
1419:
1406:
1391:Thomas White
1375:Donald Smith
1349:
1334:
1319:
1182:
1160:
1144:
1134:
1129:, while the
1126:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1056:Kim Campbell
1041:Kim Campbell
1024:
1020:
1017:coat of arms
1006:
977:aristocratic
964:
958:
926:Centre Block
919:
871:
840:
835:
825:
807:
796:Andrew Coyne
784:
716:
680:
667:
659:
653:
646:
644:
631:Parliament.
624:Conservative
616:
596:
579:in 1891 and
557:
545:
521:
501:
495:
493:
449:
414:
348:. Under the
329:
327:
280:July 1, 1867
157:Abbreviation
76:
46:
37:This is the
31:
6731:Philippines
6470:Saint Lucia
6395:New Zealand
6390:Netherlands
6265:South Korea
6260:North Korea
5925:Afghanistan
5843:Saint Lucia
5793:El Salvador
5704:Saint Lucia
5654:El Salvador
5374:Individuals
5182:2021 Census
5167:Immigration
5049:Agriculture
5010:Transgender
4850:Great Lakes
4830:Earthquakes
4784:Great Lakes
4691:Territories
4662:Nova Scotia
4581:Monarchical
4566:Immigration
4046:Diefenbaker
4041:St. Laurent
3816:. Dundurn.
3422:January 25,
3399:January 25,
3373:January 25,
3300:January 25,
3268:January 25,
3242:January 25,
3215:January 25,
3191:January 25,
3165:January 24,
2828:January 17,
2546:January 16,
2516:January 23,
2463:January 17,
2377:January 27,
2329:Brooks 2007
2252:January 27,
2218:Brooks 2007
2203:January 18,
2123:, p. 5
2121:Forsey 2005
2087:Forsey 2005
1972:December 9,
1906:Brooks 2007
1678:October 30,
1381:to appoint
1367:John Abbott
1361:approached
1233:Paul Martin
1133:are termed
1098:, by their
800:John Gomery
607:John Turner
394:responsible
366:the monarch
244:Term length
112:since
6776:Categories
6736:Seychelles
6630:Uzbekistan
6570:Tajikistan
6370:Mozambique
6360:Montenegro
6340:Mauritania
6320:Madagascar
6315:Luxembourg
6280:Kyrgyzstan
6255:Kazakhstan
6115:East Timor
6045:Cape Verde
5975:Bangladesh
5960:Azerbaijan
5913:by country
5773:Costa Rica
5634:Costa Rica
5502:Historians
5359:Literature
5272:Corruption
5255:Euthanasia
5245:Healthcare
5187:Population
4909:Parliament
4879:Government
4516:since 1982
4101:J. Trudeau
3878:Mary Simon
3846:on YouTube
3803:1108336247
2563:Bill C-586
1488:References
1412:Ipsos-Reid
1086:or simply
961:knighthood
857:Privileges
500:, and the
372:, and, as
354:confidence
346:convention
236:confidence
193:Reports to
172:Parliament
149:(informal)
6696:Indonesia
6555:Swaziland
6545:Sri Lanka
6505:Singapore
6420:Palestine
6345:Mauritius
6310:Lithuania
6175:Greenland
5955:Australia
5828:Nicaragua
5803:Guatemala
5689:Nicaragua
5664:Guatemala
5277:Terrorism
5233:Education
5172:Languages
5160:Ethnicity
5155:Canadians
5103:Petroleum
5083:Companies
4985:Elections
4865:Volcanism
4840:Mountains
4722:Geography
4630:Provinces
4620:Provinces
4551:Etymology
4511:1960–1981
4506:1945–1960
4464:Year list
4389:Transport
3976:Macdonald
3971:Mackenzie
3966:Macdonald
3860:Maclean's
3341:0016-7398
3295:0036-4541
3139:April 10,
3088:reg.gg.ca
2798:August 8,
2734:0024-9262
2726:Maclean's
2247:0024-9262
2239:Maclean's
2006:March 14,
1769:George VI
1595:April 20,
1570:April 20,
1540:April 20,
1100:portfolio
1037:Joe Clark
994:Mickleham
981:chivalric
689:coalition
620:safe seat
609:replaced
583:in 1894.
537:plurality
508:George VI
454:in 1867,
429:provinces
408:(French:
336:) is the
332:(French:
277:Formation
234:with the
227:Appointer
204:Residence
165:Member of
105:Incumbent
6761:Zimbabwe
6716:Maldives
6580:Thailand
6575:Tanzania
6520:Slovenia
6515:Slovakia
6440:Portugal
6415:Pakistan
6355:Mongolia
6325:Malaysia
6135:Ethiopia
6110:Dominica
6105:Djibouti
6035:Cameroon
6030:Cambodia
6015:Bulgaria
5980:Barbados
5920:Abkhazia
5813:Honduras
5783:Dominica
5758:Barbados
5674:Honduras
5644:Dominica
5619:Barbados
5545:Category
5485:Research
5459:Contents
5441:Heraldic
5349:Identity
5344:Holidays
5339:Folklore
5250:Abortion
5177:Religion
5115:Taxation
5022:Cannabis
5000:Intersex
4976:Politics
4948:Military
4860:Wildlife
4647:Manitoba
4576:Military
4546:Economic
4471:timeline
4119:Category
4086:Chrétien
4081:Campbell
4076:Mulroney
3986:Thompson
3465:(2016).
2739:April 9,
2635:June 21,
2613:(2008),
2314:June 30,
2270:(2001).
2105:CBC News
2030:citation
1942:(2005),
1926:archived
1515:March 6,
1239:See also
1135:premiers
1002:Hopewell
937:, where
731:advising
533:majority
439:, other
427:(in the
144:(formal)
43:reviewed
6726:Nigeria
6681:Comoros
6640:Vietnam
6635:Vanuatu
6615:Ukraine
6595:Tunisia
6530:Somalia
6495:Senegal
6450:Romania
6380:Namibia
6375:Myanmar
6365:Morocco
6350:Moldova
6300:Lesotho
6295:Lebanon
6240:Jamaica
6225:Ireland
6210:Iceland
6205:Hungary
6180:Grenada
6165:Georgia
6150:Finland
6130:Estonia
6100:Denmark
6085:Curaçao
6075:Croatia
6025:Burundi
6000:Bermuda
5990:Belgium
5985:Belarus
5970:Bahrain
5965:Bahamas
5945:Armenia
5935:Algeria
5930:Albania
5818:Jamaica
5798:Grenada
5753:Bahamas
5679:Jamaica
5659:Grenada
5614:Bahamas
5512:Surveys
5507:Studies
5471:Outline
5446:Tartans
5400:Symbols
5389:Theatre
5334:Cuisine
5311:Culture
5284:Poverty
5226:Society
5120:Tourism
5093:Fishing
5066:Banking
5041:Economy
4897:Monarch
4835:Islands
4732:Regions
4703:Nunavut
4667:Ontario
4637:Alberta
4454:History
4384:Tourism
4369:Seniors
4319:Justice
4269:Finance
4051:Pearson
4031:Bennett
4021:Meighen
4011:Meighen
4001:Laurier
3863:article
3857:: 2011
3349:1778163
3067:May 27,
3038:May 27,
3009:May 27,
2980:May 27,
2951:May 27,
2773:May 22,
2702:May 22,
2665:May 17,
2595:June 2,
2570:June 2,
2427:June 3,
2402:June 3,
2178:May 18,
1865:May 18,
1831:June 6,
1808:June 6,
1781:May 29,
1735:June 7,
1645:233–234
1410:A 2008
1217:Queen's
1123:premier
1015:on the
998:Calgary
943:Halifax
378:Cabinet
311:Website
303:406,200
183:Cabinet
6756:Zambia
6746:Turkey
6711:Malawi
6686:Gambia
6676:Brazil
6666:Angola
6610:Uganda
6605:Tuvalu
6560:Sweden
6500:Serbia
6460:Rwanda
6455:Russia
6435:Poland
6410:Norway
6290:Latvia
6275:Kuwait
6270:Kosovo
6250:Jordan
6230:Israel
6195:Guyana
6185:Guinea
6170:Greece
6155:France
6040:Canada
6005:Bhutan
5995:Belize
5833:Panama
5823:Mexico
5768:Canada
5763:Belize
5694:Panama
5684:Mexico
5629:Canada
5624:Belize
5409:Anthem
5384:Sports
5329:Cinema
5301:Values
5148:Topics
5088:Energy
5071:Dollar
4936:Courts
4913:Senate
4855:Rivers
4825:Cities
4816:Topics
4677:Quebec
4596:Racism
4527:Topics
4446:Canada
4324:Labour
4289:Health
4187:Office
4096:Harper
4091:Martin
4071:Turner
4006:Borden
3996:Tupper
3991:Bowell
3981:Abbott
3820:
3801:
3791:
3772:
3753:
3734:
3713:
3692:
3347:
3339:
3293:
2732:
2626:
2488:
2349:
2286:
2245:
1955:
1651:
1446:note 1
1444:" and
1425:note 2
1029:canton
834:. The
821:caucus
798:, and
763:, the
744:advice
742:, the
670:; the
569:Senate
450:Since
402:styled
390:advice
342:Canada
305:(2024)
295:Salary
285:Deputy
258:None (
6706:Kenya
6691:Ghana
6671:Benin
6645:Yemen
6585:Tonga
6565:Syria
6550:Sudan
6540:Spain
6480:Samoa
6445:Qatar
6385:Nepal
6335:Malta
6305:Libya
6245:Japan
6235:Italy
6215:India
6200:Haiti
6160:Gabon
6120:Egypt
5950:Aruba
5808:Haiti
5669:Haiti
5466:Index
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