540:
214:
1312:
1307:
340:
33:
237:, and the emergence of the Cahorsins as a significant trading community has been related to the emergence of these two new port cities in the 11th and early 12th centuries. Despite major lapses in documentation, evidence for the long-distance merchant activity of Cahorsins goes back to the late 12th century, with their attested presence in
323:
which put an end to their prior balancing act as subjects of the King of France in and around Cahors, but active in
English lands in Aquitaine and Great Britain. That period also saw the decline of the Champagne fairs and increased competition from Italian merchants.
594:
The
Conques family, initially based in Figeac, became prominent in the Mediterranean ports and the Levant in the early 13th century; Raymond de Conques was consul of Montpellier in
201:
In the modern period, possibly because of the negative connotations associated with the
Cahorsins' lending practices, people from Cahors have been instead referred to as
319:
The causes of the
Cahorsins' decline in the late 13th and early 14th centuries have not been identified with certainty. They may have been related with the 1294–1303
344:
623:
Guiral Trapas, from
Castelnau-Montratier, in 1283 wrote a will that illustrates the reach of Cahorsin networks, naming beneficiaries in London,
284:
By the middle of the 13th century, Cahors played a larger role in long-distance trade than most other cities of southwestern France, including
608:
The brothers Pierre and
Guilhem BĂ©raud held the largest wool export license granted by the Kings of England in the early 1270s, and acted as
513:
1114:
396:, both during the 13th century and in the later period following their decline. Their usury activity was prohibited by rulers such as
568:
147:
67:. During their 13th-century heyday, they were among the most prominent communities of Christian long-distance traders outside of
1260:
690:
1357:
327:
The legacy of
Cahorsin opulence has been related to the rise of Jacques Duèse from Cahors up to his election in 1316 as
947:
497:
19:
This article is about the medieval community of merchants and financiers. Not to be confused with the inhabitants of
693:
in 1313, and one of London's richest and most powerful individuals until his death in 1320; in 1290, he traveled to
1280:"Essai d'intervention de Charles le Bel en faveur des chrétiens d'Orient tenté avec le concours du pape Jean XXII"
598:
in 1236, Bernard de
Conques was a wealthy citizen of Marseille, and Hugues de Conques was a prominent follower of
261:
to
England and imported wool from there, while they transported more valuable goods and spices imported from the
940:
La dette, la dîme et le denier : Une analyse sémantique du vocabulaire économique et financier au Moyen Âge
1122:, translated by Christoph Cluse, Universität Trier, Arye Maimon-Institut für Geschichte der Juden, p. 52
1230:
479:
References to usurers as
Cahorsins were widespread in late medieval Germany, where their name was spelled
1376:
942:, Histoire et civilisations, Villeneuve d'Ascq: Presses universitaires du Septentrion, pp. 227–267,
485:. As late as the mid-17th century, they were still lambasted as "worse than Jews" by a legal scholar in
1396:
675:
397:
349:
288:. In the third quarter of the 13th century, the Cahorsins were major financial system participants in
1391:
1386:
1381:
1041:
698:
1350:
792:
1231:"La naissance d'une légende : Juifs et finance dans l'imaginaire bordelais du XVIIe siècle"
824:
539:
1279:
640:
213:
762:
1211:
739:
702:
553:
405:
274:
591:; by the late 13th century, Raymond's sons were established as prominent clerics in Paris.
79:. They declined rapidly from around 1300 CE, but their name long remained synonymous with
8:
1401:
767:
682:
667:
572:
567:
Raymond and Elie de Salvagnac, from Cahors and established in Montpellier, lent money to
1343:
1176:
1146:
1096:
1023:
917:
909:
724:
660:
599:
557:
473:
431:
401:
313:
242:
76:
666:
Jacques de Jean, from Cahors and established in Bordeaux, was a significant lender to
104:
943:
921:
731:
671:
588:
226:
1193:
476:
later echoed Dante's disparaging references to Cahorsins in commentary of his own.
1331:
1242:
1015:
901:
836:
656:
446:
191:
171:
64:
935:
1265:
La grande encyclopédie: inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres et des arts
757:
613:
426:
411:
393:
266:
187:
1327:
820:
524:
518:
461:
421:
328:
234:
179:
612:
and lenders to the English monarchy. Their relative Arnaud BĂ©raud endowed the
1370:
652:
528:
504:
among others, has portrayed the medieval Cahorsins as Italian merchants from
490:
416:
217:
13th-century house of the Béral family at 43, rue du Château-du-Roi in Cahors
163:
840:
198:
was occasionally used in the past but not in recent historical literature.
1085:"John XXII before his Pontificate, 1244-1316: Jacques Duèse and his Family"
709:
595:
584:
501:
309:
155:
108:
543:
13th-century house of the De Jean family at 112, rue Saint-André in Cahors
496:
A stream of early French historiography, initiated in the 17th century by
489:, echoing similarly stereotypical language formulated in the mid-1230s by
1311:
1212:"Medieval Sourcebook: Matthew of Paris: The Usury of the Cahorsins, 1235"
752:
628:
617:
609:
575:
around 1210 and, in lieu of reimbursement, were granted the lordships of
465:
451:
258:
250:
246:
230:
222:
1246:
1150:
1134:
1100:
1084:
1027:
1003:
913:
889:
735:
632:
624:
380:) for its use by moneylenders in the late 14th and early 15th centuries
320:
159:
143:
1180:
1164:
576:
1323:
713:
636:
460:) in an allusion to the rapacity of John XXII and of his predecessor
339:
238:
1306:
1019:
905:
730:
Guillaume Bonnes Mains, from Figeac, financed and led an embassy to
355:
32:
686:
648:
509:
486:
384:
The Cahorsins' name was often used to refer to Christian (i.e. non-
297:
285:
270:
139:
531:
contributed further research on the Cahorsins in the early 1960s.
580:
549:
505:
469:
389:
293:
254:
100:
72:
331:. Duèse's father had probably been a merchant and moneychanger.
717:
716:
in 1302 and developed a trading network that extended into the
694:
644:
561:
441:
385:
289:
262:
151:
135:
96:
92:
60:
56:
44:
20:
305:
301:
80:
68:
1004:"The Expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 (Continued)"
697:
to negotiate the financial arrangements for the marriage of
1319:
890:"Les Cahorsins, hommes d'affaires Français du XIIIe siècle"
560:
in the early 13th century and three times elected mayor of
278:
971:, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, pp. 262–263
602:
who ennobled him and granted him lands in Southern Italy.
969:
L'Économie du Royaume de France au siècle de Saint Louis
933:
1169:
The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science
47:, in the Middle Ages a hub of activity of the Cahorsins
738:
in 1327-1328, to help Eastern Christians on behalf of
308:, and some of them took over the former properties of
71:, and were particularly prominent in commerce between
55:
were merchants and financiers from the French city of
605:
Savary de Cahors became mayor of La Rochelle in 1251.
265:
to La Rochelle via land roads. Their presence at the
1228:
1040:
Paris, Matthew (1877). Luard, Henry Richards (ed.).
1267:, vol. 8, H. Lamirault & Cie, p. 770
1001:
723:Guy de Cahors led the minting of gold coinage for
685:and became burgher of London in 1286, alderman of
1162:
440:) as sinful places, respectively associated with
1368:
1132:
1112:
1082:
1014:(2), University of Pennsylvania Press: 236–258,
334:
420:, in part out of his aversion for contemporary
981:
819:
500:and partly perpetuated in the 19th century by
414:referred to Cahors and Cahorsins twice in the
277:exiled from England some Cahorsins, mainly of
1351:
1064:
966:
887:
512:. This was, however, disproved in studies by
455:
435:
1258:
894:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
787:
785:
783:
480:
359:
24:
1078:
1076:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
583:as well as the spoils from the storming of
527:in the second quarter of the 20th century.
365:
103:people who inhabited the region during the
1358:
1344:
997:
995:
993:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
134:, included merchants from Cahors but also
1277:
936:"Chapitre IV. Le vocabulaire de la dette"
780:
23:, who in modern usage are referred to as
1073:
962:
960:
958:
538:
400:in 1261 and successive kings of France,
338:
212:
31:
16:Merchant-bankers in the High Middle Ages
990:
846:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
296:, on a par with Italian merchants from
1369:
1046:(in Latin). London: Longman. p. 8
1039:
1033:
955:
221:Cahors lies on the land road between
1301:
804:
534:
454:referring to Cahorsins and Gascons (
1284:Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes
1116:Jews in the Medieval German Kingdom
1002:B. Lionel Abrahams (January 1895),
670:in the late 13th century. In 1316,
13:
587:in 1211, as related by chronicler
14:
1413:
934:Dominique Ancelet-Netter (2010),
444:and usury; and in Canto XXVII of
257:rivers, Cahorsins exported their
75:and its continental lands of the
1310:
1305:
1165:"Review: Medieval Money Dealers"
269:is documented from 1216, and in
1271:
1252:
1222:
1204:
1186:
1156:
1126:
1106:
986:, Toulouse: Privat, p. 115
1089:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae
1069:. Melville House. p. 440.
1058:
975:
927:
616:convent in Cahors, across the
59:and the surrounding region of
1:
1229:Francesca Trivellato (2014),
335:Reputation and historiography
1330:. You can help Knowledge by
281:, for usury with extortion.
7:
1135:"Dante's Vision of History"
1008:The Jewish Quarterly Review
825:"Le problème des Cahorsins"
746:
208:
83:in much of Western Europe.
10:
1418:
1300:
1163:Karl F. Helleiner (1950),
1067:Debt: The First 5000 Years
681:Guilhem Servat worked for
398:Henry III, Duke of Brabant
18:
1133:Charles T. Davis (2000),
1113:Alfred Haverkamp (2015),
1083:John E. Weakland (1972),
712:, established himself in
166:They were referred to as
773:
699:Margaret, Maid of Norway
430:, he paired Cahors with
392:, together with that of
118:, alternatively spelled
982:Jean Lartigaut (1993),
841:10.3406/anami.1950.5796
708:Bernard de Favas, from
705:, the future Edward II.
86:
1326:-related article is a
1065:David Graeber (2011).
967:GĂ©rard Sivery (1984),
888:Yves Renouard (1961),
544:
481:
456:
436:
381:
360:
218:
114:In medieval parlance,
48:
37:Place de la Libération
25:
1259:Maurice Prou (1885),
763:Economic antisemitism
678:under pope John XXII.
542:
342:
216:
99:both derive from the
35:
800:, DĂ©partement du Lot
740:Charles IV of France
703:Edward of Caernarfon
691:member of Parliament
273:from 1230. In 1240,
148:Castelnau-Montratier
39:, formerly known as
1247:10.3917/aj.472.0047
768:Merchant capitalism
683:Edward I of England
668:Edward I of England
573:Albigensian Crusade
1377:History of banking
1278:Henri Lot (1875),
1216:Fordham University
1043:Chronica Majora IV
984:Histoire du Quercy
725:Philip V of France
620:from the old city.
600:Charles I of Anjou
558:Count of Champagne
545:
474:Giovanni Boccaccio
457:Caorsini e Guaschi
382:
314:Edict of Expulsion
219:
77:Duchy of Aquitaine
49:
1397:Banking in Europe
1339:
1338:
732:Al-Nasir Muhammad
672:Gauscelin de Jean
589:William of Tudela
569:Simon de Montfort
535:Notable Cahorsins
424:. In Canto XI of
249:in 1194. Via the
227:Mediterranean Sea
1409:
1392:Informal finance
1387:Medieval banking
1382:Banking families
1360:
1353:
1346:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1292:
1291:
1290:, Paris: 588–600
1275:
1269:
1268:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1145:(118): 243–259,
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1037:
1031:
1030:
999:
988:
987:
979:
973:
972:
964:
953:
952:
931:
925:
924:
885:
844:
843:
817:
802:
801:
799:
789:
522:
484:
459:
439:
437:Soddoma e Caorsa
379:
376:
375:Cahorsins' Tower
373:
370:
367:
363:
358:, also known as
353:
65:High Middle Ages
28:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1276:
1272:
1257:
1253:
1235:Archives Juives
1227:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1161:
1157:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1081:
1074:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1020:10.2307/1450232
1000:
991:
980:
976:
965:
956:
950:
932:
928:
906:10.2307/3678750
886:
847:
835:(11): 229–238,
829:Annales du Midi
818:
805:
797:
791:
790:
781:
776:
758:Lombard banking
749:
643:in England and
537:
516:
464:, who was from
450:, he portrayed
412:Dante Alighieri
377:
374:
371:
368:
361:Kawertschenturm
347:
337:
267:Champagne fairs
245:in 1178 and in
211:
89:
41:place au Change
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1415:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1315:
1294:
1293:
1270:
1251:
1221:
1203:
1185:
1155:
1125:
1105:
1072:
1057:
1032:
989:
974:
954:
948:
926:
845:
821:Philippe Wolff
803:
778:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
765:
760:
755:
748:
745:
744:
743:
728:
721:
706:
679:
664:
621:
606:
603:
592:
565:
536:
533:
525:Philippe Wolff
422:Pope John XXII
336:
333:
329:Pope John XXII
312:following the
235:Atlantic Ocean
210:
207:
88:
85:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1414:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1194:"Kawertschen"
1189:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Dante Studies
1136:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1061:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
996:
994:
985:
978:
970:
963:
961:
959:
951:
949:9782757421499
945:
941:
937:
930:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
796:
795:
794:Le Patrimoine
788:
786:
784:
779:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:
722:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:
601:
597:
593:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:
541:
532:
530:
529:Yves Renouard
526:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
491:Matthew Paris
488:
483:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
453:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
429:
428:
423:
419:
418:
417:Divine Comedy
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
362:
357:
351:
346:
341:
332:
330:
325:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
215:
206:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:The names of
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
42:
38:
34:
27:
22:
1332:expanding it
1317:
1297:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1264:
1254:
1241:(2): 47–76,
1238:
1234:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1115:
1108:
1092:
1088:
1066:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1042:
1035:
1011:
1007:
983:
977:
968:
939:
929:
897:
893:
832:
828:
793:
727:around 1320.
701:with Prince
502:Maurice Prou
495:
478:
445:
425:
415:
410:
404:in 1269 and
383:
326:
318:
310:English Jews
283:
243:Saint-Gilles
220:
202:
200:
195:
183:
175:
167:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:Roman period
90:
52:
50:
40:
36:
1261:"Cahorsins"
1095:: 161–185,
753:Gran Tavola
629:Southampton
610:tax farmers
554:chamberlain
548:Bernard de
517: [
514:Edmond Albe
482:Kawertschen
466:Villandraut
452:Saint Peter
348: [
345:Brunnenturm
247:La Rochelle
231:La Rochelle
223:Montpellier
184:Kawertschen
176:Cahorsijnen
63:during the
1402:Bank stubs
1371:Categories
736:Alexandria
633:Canterbury
625:Gloucester
408:in 1274.
406:Philip III
321:Gascon War
316:in 1290.
259:local wine
203:Cadurciens
160:Rocamadour
144:Cardaillac
26:Cadurciens
1324:insurance
922:162412818
900:: 43–67,
714:Marseille
689:in 1309,
657:Santander
637:Salisbury
618:Lot river
614:Dominican
462:Clement V
275:Henry III
239:Marseille
196:Caursines
132:Cahursins
128:Caoursins
116:Cahorsins
53:Cahorsins
1198:Zeno.org
1151:40166561
1101:23564073
823:(1950),
747:See also
687:Walbrook
676:cardinal
649:Palencia
641:Stamford
571:for the
510:Piedmont
498:Du Cange
487:Bordeaux
447:Paradiso
402:Louis IX
394:Lombards
298:Florence
286:Toulouse
271:Flanders
209:Overview
168:Caorsini
164:Souillac
140:Capdenac
124:Caorsins
120:Caorcins
105:Iron Age
95:and the
1050:3 March
1028:1450232
914:3678750
710:Gourdon
674:became
661:Castile
581:Tourves
577:PĂ©zenas
556:of the
550:Montcuq
508:and/or
506:Tuscany
470:Gascony
427:Inferno
390:usurers
369:
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255:Garonne
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101:Cadurci
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1181:137991
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946:
920:
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718:Levant
695:Norway
653:Toledo
645:Burgos
585:Lavaur
562:Troyes
442:sodomy
386:Jewish
356:ZĂĽrich
290:London
263:Levant
188:German
182:, and
162:, and
152:Figeac
136:Cajarc
97:Quercy
93:Cahors
61:Quercy
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774:Notes
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