799:
732:
manufacturers, gunsmiths, ballistic specialists and so on. Two sub-commissions exist within the commission itself. The first technical sub-commission deals with the definition of measuring methods and determine the acceptable values while the second regulatory sub-commission defines and express the conditions for new uniform rules. Working parties within these sub-commissions are also created each time a subject needs to be discussed and experts on the subject are invited to participate in relevant meetings. They meet as often as considered necessary at various places to work on the subject they have been assigned to and report to their sub-commissions. After that, the C.I.P. votes in
Plenary Sessions on submitted sub-commission proposals, resulting in decisions and the publishing of them. This implies that all decisions made by C.I.P., although enforced by law after publication, are the result of a cautious consensus between sensible and knowledgeable people in this field.
231:
The proof consist of firing two overloaded cartridges producing 25% more chamber pressure than the C.I.P maximum pressure limit for the same cartridge in its commercial version. For pistol, revolver, and rimfire cartridges the standard proof is performed with overloaded cartridges that produce 30% more chamber pressure than the C.I.P maximum pressure limit for the same cartridge in its commercial version. Voluntarily testing beyond the C.I.P. maximum pressure limit is also possible for consumers who intend to use their firearms under extreme conditions (hot climates, long series of shots, etc.). A
963:, given that their products cannot be legally sold in C.I.P. member states, in the interests of safety most Proof Houses afford those parties opportunity to batch test their ammunition to ensure that the associated chamber pressures, velocities and momentum are within acceptable standards. By so doing it reduces the potential for weapons being damaged, thereby injuring the user or innocent bystanders. Previous tests of this nature in the past have indicated the poor standards adopted by some of such parties and the lack of uniformity between rounds of ammunition.
935:) pellets instead of more traditional lead-based pellets. Due to environmental regulations, hunters in Europe are required to use lead loaded ammunition carefully. For instance, in France, they cannot fire in the vicinity of a pond. In fact, the laws are so complex that some hunters in Europe prefer not to risk getting into trouble for firing lead pellets in the wrong places, so they opt for steel or alloy pellets in all situations. This makes it necessary for manufacturers to market new types of lead free shotgun ammunition loaded with steel pellets. The
649:
2067:
106:
1509:
605:
1231:
462:
1275:
488:
982:. The civilian organisations C.I.P. and SAAMI use less comprehensive test procedures than NATO, but NATO test centres have the advantage that only a few NATO chamberings are in military use. The C.I.P. and SAAMI proof houses must be capable of testing hundreds of different chamberings requiring many different test barrels, etc. For all other small arms ammunition for use in "non-NATO Chamber" weapons, NATO has chosen to conform to the procedures as defined by the current C.I.P. legislation.
1531:
618:
1462:
579:
1297:
501:
1387:
540:
1205:
449:
1043:
846:
746:
382:
266:
170:
1253:
475:
1341:
527:
1432:
1319:
566:
514:
1409:
553:
1487:
592:
1142:. Conformal Piezo transducers are more expensive to use because every different chamber wall shape requires a separate transducer whose piston matches that wall contour at the pressure sampling hole location. The channel sensor type is more economical to own because each sensor may be moved between all chambers that have the same size sample hole, of which there are only two.
1181:). In this system every manufacturer has set aside a batch (also named "lot") of ammunition they consider to be of very good quality and representative of what they need to produce later. It is planned that these batches be sent to the C.I.P. proof houses and to SAAMI approved centers where "reference firings" should be performed.
1102:
These two main ammunition standards organisations are cooperating in an effort to unify their rules, though they are still hard at work resolving differences between their rules. The most critical issue is the technical method used the measure chamber pressures causing differences in measured chamber
247:
The C.I.P. formally distributes established data and decisions to the member states through diplomatic channels for ratification in each member state and publishing in their official journals. After official publication C.I.P. established data and decisions obtain(s) indisputable legal status in all
239:
Primarily oriented towards the proof houses and manufacturers, the C.I.P. independently assesses, approves and publicizes manufacturer's data such as ammunition and chamber dimension specifications, maximum allowed chamber pressures, caliber nomenclature, etc. All this C.I.P. established data can be
910:
Since the very beginning, the C.I.P.’s concern has only been related to arms/ammunition safety from the user's point of view. Thus the C.I.P. is only interested in chamber pressures and not interested in the velocity achieved by the projectiles. As a result, the compulsory ammunition safety control
230:
Prior to firing cartridges in the firearm to be proofed, it is checked for its essential mechanical dimensions such all measures and tolerances in the chamber are verified. A visual inspection of the barrel is also performed. If the firearm passes these first steps, the standard proof takes place.
1166:
transducers. For straight cases the centre of the transducer is located one-half of the transducer diameter plus 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) behind the base of the seated bullet. Small transducers are used when the case diameter at the point of measurement is less than 0.35 inches (8.9 mm).
915:
is not checked, even on rimless cartridges with taper. The view is that in the very unlikely case (according to the current quality standards) the cartridge is too long, once pressed by the bolt, the pressure will rise too high causing rejection. If it is too short, firing will fail also causing
1165:
Under SAAMI proof test procedures, for bottlenecked cases the centre of the transducer is located 0.175 inches (4.4 mm) behind the shoulder of the case for large diameter (0.250 inches (6.4 mm)) transducers and 0.150 inches (3.8 mm) for small diameter (0.194 inches (4.9 mm))
898:
The C.I.P. also enforces the approval of all ammunition a manufacturer or importer intends to sell in any of the C.I.P. member states. The ammunition manufacturing plants are obliged to test their products during production against the C.I.P. pressure specifications. A compliance report must be
1161:
Under C.I.P. proof test standards a drilled case is used and the piezo measuring device (transducer) is positioned at a predefined distance from the breech face when the length of the cartridge case permits that, including limits. When the length of the cartridge case is too short or too long,
814:
Small arms manufacturers and importers within the C.I.P. member countries are obliged to request one of the accredited Proof Houses to perform the proofing of all arms they manufacture or import. No small arm can be put on the market in any of the C.I.P. member states without prior successful
251:
Governmental organizations, like military and police forces and other firearms bearing public power agencies, from the C.I.P. member states are legally exempted from having to comply with C.I.P. rulings. This does not automatically imply that all firearms and ammunitions used by governmental
731:
The C.I.P. is an organisation whose members are state authorities but the operations of C.I.P. and its decisions are fully delegated to professional people active in the firearms industry. This includes all the proof house directors and their collaborators, ammunition manufacturers, machine
235:
is stamped in every successfully tested firearm. The C.I.P. does not test any further aspects regarding the correct functioning of the tested firearm. For example, aspects like projectile velocity, accuracy or the correct cycling of cartridges etc. are not part of the proofing process.
1028:
If there are any contradictions between new decisions and preceding decisions adopted at
Plenary Session meetings, the most recent decisions prevail. If there are any contradictions between English or German-language translations and the French original text, the latter prevails.
699:
To select test pressure barrels to measure firing pressure and define the measurement procedures for use by official Proof Houses to determine pressure generated by test cartridges and the commercial cartridges fired by hunting, sport and defensive firearms and in machine
360:
A convention between 8 member states was signed in 1969, ratified and converted into law in each signing state, so that the rules can be enforced to assure that every firearm and cartridge on the market has successfully passed the compulsory proofing and approval.
1060:
863:
763:
403:
283:
191:
911:
tests by the manufacturers themselves and their approval by the proof houses are only pressure related. The dimensional checking of the ammunition, as described in the C.I.P. Decisions, Texts and Tables, is left to the manufacturers themselves.
939:
VH1, of the pellet alloy must not exceed a certain level. Many variations in steel and alloy quality exist, but even so, harder metals, especially steel, are known to wear a barrel excessively over time if the shot column velocity and
243:
Technical procedures describing how to perform proofing are also established by the C.I.P. and updates to the various test methods are issued in the form of "decisions". These decisions can also easily be obtained by everyone involved.
149:
at C.I.P. accredited Proof Houses. The same applies for cartridges; at regular intervals, cartridges are tested against the C.I.P. pressure specifications at the ammunition manufacturing plants and at C.I.P. accredited Proof Houses.
818:
After the proof test and if successful, two or three proof marks are always applied to the main (highly stressed) parts of the arm, namely the barrel, the chamber (when not part of the barrel) and the locking mechanism.
1184:
The system is not in place due to two critical issues. One is the number of cartridges (more than 500) to be referenced which makes the operation excessively costly and lengthy. A second issue is the United States
661:
The
Permanent International Commission, confirming that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is no longer in existence, declared during the XXII Plenary Session that the proof marks of the Proof House at
1906:
919:
The manufacturers do make velocity measurements, however. These measurements are made during production for quality control with respect to the user's performance expectations of the product for its purpose.
353:
In 1914, the director of the Liège Proof House in Liège, Mr. Joseph
Fraikin (director from 1908 to 1946), was the originator of the creation of the Permanent International Commission for Firearms Testing.
1138:(called a "conformal transducer") that conforms to the contours of individual chambers and that therefore does not require prior drilling of the cartridge case. These are mostly made by the US company,
682:
There is reciprocal acceptance of each country's proof marks, certifying the identity of the firearms and the satisfactory performance of the tests performed in accordance with the pre-set regulations;
1153:(called "tangential sensor") is available from the PCB Piezotronics and Kistler International companies to be used without drilling and which does not vary between SAAMI standards and C.I.P. rules.
990:
The C.I.P. Decisions are updated, modified and published every one or two years in the form of a
Comprehensive Edition of Adopted C.I.P. Decisions, Texts and Tables in the form of CD-ROM containing
825:
Then a serial number indicating the year of proofing is also marked on these parts. In case a firearm was voluntary successfully tested at a higher than the normally required proof-test pressure
252:
organizations in C.I.P. member states are not C.I.P. compliant, since those organizations often choose to self-impose the relevant C.I.P. standards for their service firearms and ammunition.
1177:
In order to solve the problems of conflicting industry standards, efforts are currently made to produce a notion regarding "reference cartridges" similar to the system used by NATO armies (
357:
The C.I.P. has progressively established a set of uniform rules for the proofing of firearms and ammunition to ensure the reciprocal recognition of the proof marks of each member states.
951:
for 12, 16, and 20, in standard and high performance versions. The pellet's velocity must be below 425 m/s, 390 m/s, and 390 m/s, respectively, for the standard versions.
346:). At that time, proofing was executed by "proofers" at public places. All firearms of reputable brands were proofed this way. Proof testing is compulsory in Belgium since the decree of
798:
1648:
2082:
1162:
pressure measurement will take place at a cartridge specific location defined at a shorter or longer distance from the breech face and depending on the dimensions of the case.
1134:
or the
Austrian-made HPi GP6 that both require drilling of the cartridge case before firing the proofing cartridge in a specially made test barrel. SAAMI uses another type of
138:
almost exclusively; it is ordinarily omitted from the
English translation of the name.) As of 2015, its members are the national governments of 14 countries, of which 11 are
899:
issued for each production lot and archived for later verification if needed. The cartridge boxes must also be stamped with a C.I.P. approved number to allow quality/safety
350:
dated May 10, 1672. The Liège Proof House was created at this occasion. Progressively, national proof houses were set up in other countries and proof marks were introduced.
1099:(SAAMI) although operating differently. SAAMI is a manufacturer's association. In contrast to C.I.P.'s decisions the recommendations of SAAMI do not have the force of law.
35:
1903:
1637:
1096:
691:
Every member country enacts a law which makes it compulsory to perform the tests according to the methods, limits and procedures established by the convention.
703:
To establish the kinds of procedures to be followed in the official tests used for firearms and machine tools to guarantee every degree of safety;
1014:
1189:
regulations which makes it very complex administratively to move ammunition back and forth from the United States to Europe, and vice versa.
1846:
142:
member states. The C.I.P. safeguards that all firearms and ammunition sold to civilian purchasers in member states are safe for the users.
2102:
1197:
The testing and proofing of firearms and ammunition in the C.I.P. member states is performed at these C.I.P. accredited Proof Houses:
1118:
which details situations where a smaller cartridge may fit in a firearm designed for a larger cartridge, but would be unsafe to use.
1114:. The possibility of chambering and/or feeding problems in a firearm caused by the Delta L problem can not be compared with SAAMI's
2122:
654:
1796:
1771:
722:
In accordance with the above, to retract declarations when necessary, and modify the schedule when conditions are no longer valid.
364:
In 2014, The C.I.P. celebrated the centenary of its foundation July 15, 1914. It was created just 13 days before the beginning of
2112:
2045:
1627:
1107:
159:
1976:
1965:
947:
For the above reasons, the measurement of pellet velocity and momentum is also a C.I.P. imposed obligation for manufacture of
1921:
1821:
1746:
1674:
1082:
885:
822:
These 3 essential parts are also weighed and their weight is recorded in a database together with the serial number.
785:
429:
305:
217:
978:
uses a NATO specific recognized class of procedures to control the safety and quality of firearms ammunition called
709:
To encourage standardisation of chamber and cartridge dimensions, testing methods and ammunition testing procedures;
411:
199:
1998:
1977:
Accreditation of the Proof House Ulm DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Testing
Laboratory for Arms and Safety Engineering
1721:
2010:
1064:
867:
832:
Only after that is the arm released to the manufacturer or importer to sell or to deliver it, if already sold.
767:
407:
287:
195:
712:
To examine laws and regulations issued by member states regarding official tests for firearms and ammunition;
1169:
The difference in the location of the pressure measurement gives different results than the SAAMI standard.
1610:
1585:
2077:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1966:
Accreditation of the Proof House Ulm DIN EN 45011:1998 Certification body for Arms and Safety
Engineering
1847:"Proof of Ordnance, Munitions, Armour and Explosives, Ministry of Defence Defence Standard 05-101 Part 1"
1017:. The bar is widely used in descriptions of pressure because it is only 1.01325% smaller than "standard"
944:(velocity multiplied by mass) are too great. This leads to potentially harmful situations for the user.
347:
1476:
994:
documents. Part of the
Decisions, Texts and Tables are also available on-line on the C.I.P. website.
2072:
991:
392:
327:
180:
2117:
1853:
1632:
1053:
856:
756:
396:
276:
184:
670:, would no longer be recognised by the C.I.P. Member States with effect from 30 September 1992.
318:
Firearm safety tests were made compulsory at the beginning of the 16th century, for instance in
1546:
715:
To declare which countries act in accordance with standard tests and publish a schedule of the
59:
17:
2073:
C.I.P. – Permanent International Commission for Firearms Testing (including proof mark images)
936:
706:
To adopt the most modern measuring techniques for the arms and ammunition testing procedures;
636:
1472:
1514:
1150:
1135:
1127:
912:
632:
610:
1954:
8:
2107:
1420:
2088:
Pressure and accuracy test barrels for ammunition testing to SAAMI, CIP or NATO standard
2083:
C.I.P. dimensions for rimmed cartridges (examples of C.I.P. datasheets and nomenclature)
2066:
1419:
Banco Nazionale di Prova per le Armi da Fuoco Portatili e per le Munizioni Commerciali,
105:
1932:
1800:
1775:
1643:
1285:
Czech Proof House for Arms and Ammunition (Český úřad pro zkoušení zbraní a střeliva),
1178:
979:
907:
principles in case of quality problem though C.I.P. predates the creation of ISO 9000.
1654:
1025:. Conversion between the units bar and the MPa is however easy since 10 bar = 1 MPa.
1018:
975:
1888:
1139:
948:
826:
802:
German definitive smokeless powder proof marks (eagle over N figure) issued by the
2038:
1330:
1910:
1876:
1111:
85:
1149:
ammunition, the technical variations are easier to solve since only one type of
1536:
1280:
1022:
623:
493:
139:
2087:
1825:
126:, is an international organisation which sets standards for safety testing of
116:
Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives
28:
Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives
2096:
1750:
1451:
1376:
1364:
1131:
1006:
815:
proofing in an accredited proof house, as regulated by the C.I.P. decisions.
1678:
900:
1698:
1601:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab VIII – Cartridges for alarm weapons
1586:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab V – Rimfire cartridges – Transducer
1576:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab IV – Pistol and revolver cartridges
1308:
688:
At least one state-controlled national Proof House exists in each country;
1943:
1591:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab VI – Cartridges for industrial use
960:
807:
685:
Tests are standardised to guarantee safety and their application methods;
365:
1987:
726:
1725:
1622:
1611:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab X – Cartridges for other weapons
1581:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab V – Rimfire cartridges – Crusher
1067: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
998:
997:
Official C.I.P. decisions regarding pressure are specified in the unit
870: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
770: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
716:
663:
290: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
232:
146:
135:
2014:
1520:
1146:
924:
923:
One exception is arising due to the market introduction of lead free
1042:
845:
745:
381:
265:
169:
1467:
1443:
1398:
1264:
941:
932:
904:
584:
127:
69:
1242:
339:
1640:, an American standardization organization for firearm cartridges
1392:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1302:
1236:
1216:
1210:
928:
545:
532:
506:
467:
454:
343:
335:
323:
73:
1606:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab IX – Dust shot cartridges
1542:
1447:
1437:
1368:
1324:
1286:
1220:
667:
639:
and ADCOM Manufacturing will benefit from a local proof house.
571:
519:
331:
319:
1709:
1571:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab III – Magnum cartridges
1519:
Emirates Proof House, Villa #9, AL Muroor Rd, P.O. Box 94499,
120:
Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms
1566:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab II – Rimmed cartridges
1561:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab I – Rimless cartridges
1498:
1492:
1414:
1258:
597:
558:
480:
134:("portable") in the name refers to the fact the C.I.P. tests
2060:
1596:
C.I.P. HOMOLOGATION List of TDCC – Tab VII – Shot cartridges
1554:
635:
became a member state on 9 April 2008. Local companies like
96:
2033:
1988:
Czech Proof House for Arms and Ammunition, official website
1446:(two proof houses), ProofHouse for civil and service arms,
1372:
1356:
1186:
972:
719:
applied by the official testing centres of these countries;
40:
34:
2011:"The Birmingham Gun Barrel Proof House, official website"
1904:
Unsafe Arms and Ammunition Combinations at SAAMI web site
1010:
678:
The C.I.P. Convention has the following major precepts:
1933:
Defining Parameters for Ballistic High Pressure Sensors
1002:
1130:(called a "channel sensor") made by the Swiss company
1097:
Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute
985:
727:
Relations with manufacturers and internal functioning
806:
C.I.P. accredited Proof House (antlers figure) on a
153:
1121:
1013:unit, it is accepted for use with the SI by the US
1955:C.I.P Proof Houses, Addresses of the Proof Houses
1032:
966:
959:Although the same approval rules do not apply to
2094:
1021:, and is legally recognized in countries of the
1126:The C.I.P. almost exclusively uses one type of
1922:Kistler ballistic pressure measurement sensors
1497:Banco Oficial de Pruebas de Armas de Fuego de
1172:
1015:National Institute of Standards and Technology
2078:C.I.P. and SAAMI Cartridge Pressure Standards
1110:differences in some chamberings known as the
927:ammunition loaded with steel or alloy (e.g.,
442:The current (2015) C.I.P. member states are:
145:To achieve this, all such firearms are first
695:The main aims of the C.I.P. are as follows:
2044:C.I.P. TDCC (decisions, texts and tables) (
1839:
410:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
198:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2065:
104:
33:
1555:Synopsis of C.I.P. homologation TDCC data
1156:
1095:The American equivalent of C.I.P. is the
1083:Learn how and when to remove this message
886:Learn how and when to remove this message
786:Learn how and when to remove this message
430:Learn how and when to remove this message
306:Learn how and when to remove this message
218:Learn how and when to remove this message
1442:ProofHouse for the proof of small arms,
954:
797:
1116:Unsafe Arms and Ammunition Combinations
1106:To a lesser extent there are also some
330:on the 12th of September 1501, 1589 in
14:
2095:
1628:Small arms ammunition pressure testing
1108:geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
835:
160:Small arms ammunition pressure testing
2039:Belgisch Staatsblad – Moniteur Belge
1065:adding citations to reliable sources
1036:
868:adding citations to reliable sources
839:
768:adding citations to reliable sources
739:
735:
673:
408:adding citations to reliable sources
375:
288:adding citations to reliable sources
259:
196:adding citations to reliable sources
163:
1882:
829:are applied on the relevant parts.
24:
2103:Standards organisations in Belgium
1651:, a German firearms test institute
986:C.I.P. Decisions, Texts and Tables
25:
2134:
2052:
2046:free online current Lists of TDCC
2034:Birmingham Gun Barrel Proof House
1999:Beschussamt Ulm, official website
154:Quality control and proof process
1877:Units Outside of the SI, Table 7
1529:
1507:
1485:
1460:
1430:
1407:
1385:
1339:
1317:
1295:
1273:
1251:
1229:
1203:
1122:Ammunitions approval differences
1041:
844:
744:
647:
616:
603:
590:
577:
564:
551:
538:
525:
512:
499:
486:
473:
460:
447:
380:
371:
264:
168:
2123:Weapon technology organizations
2003:
1992:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1948:
1937:
1926:
1915:
1897:
1870:
1192:
1052:needs additional citations for
855:needs additional citations for
755:needs additional citations for
275:needs additional citations for
2113:Firearms-related organizations
1814:
1789:
1764:
1739:
1714:
1703:
1692:
1667:
1033:Conflicting industry standards
967:NATO use of C.I.P. legislation
338:), and in the 17th century in
13:
1:
1660:
1893:Conversion Factors for Units
1397:Banc d’Epreuves de Hongrie,
1329:Banc Officiel d’Epreuves de
1307:The Proof House of Finland,
657:(formally dissolved in 1992)
642:Former C.I.P. member state:
637:Caracal International L.L.C.
7:
1944:Miscellaneous Questions #11
1616:
1263:Banco de Pruebas de Chile,
1173:Reference cartridges system
348:Maximilian Henry of Bavaria
10:
2139:
2041:(Belgian official journal)
1909:November 16, 2013, at the
1747:"The CIP Permanent Bureau"
1001:. Though the bar is not a
255:
157:
1699:C.I.P Convention (French)
629:Most recent member state:
91:
79:
65:
55:
47:
32:
1675:"The History of the CIP"
992:Portable Document Format
328:Maximilian I of Habsburg
122:), commonly abbreviated
1879:(from the NIST website)
1797:"Second Sub-Commission"
1633:Overpressure ammunition
1772:"First Sub-Commission"
1547:Birmingham Proof House
1157:Proof test differences
811:
248:C.I.P. member states.
240:accessed by everyone.
60:Standards organization
1450:, ProofHouse "Test",
955:Handloaded ammunition
937:Vickers hardness test
801:
1722:"Organisation chart"
1515:United Arab Emirates
1151:Piezoelectric sensor
1136:Piezoelectric sensor
1128:Piezoelectric sensor
1061:improve this article
1019:atmospheric pressure
864:improve this article
827:superior proof marks
764:improve this article
633:United Arab Emirates
611:United Arab Emirates
404:improve this section
284:improve this article
192:improve this section
1421:Gardone Val Trompia
1241:Banc d’Epreuves de
836:Ammunition approval
29:
1644:NATO EPVAT testing
1473:Konštrukta Defence
1179:NATO EPVAT testing
980:NATO EPVAT testing
812:
368:on July 28, 1914.
81:Official language
27:
1655:Wildcat cartridge
1545:Proof House, The
1093:
1092:
1085:
976:military alliance
896:
895:
888:
796:
795:
788:
736:Firearms proofing
674:Precepts and aims
440:
439:
432:
316:
315:
308:
228:
227:
220:
112:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2130:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2061:Official website
2026:
2025:
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1140:PCB Piezotronics
1088:
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1375:, Beschussamt
1371:, Beschussamt
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2017:on 2017-10-27
2016:
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1822:"Proof marks"
1817:
1803:on 2013-12-06
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1050:This section
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853:This section
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753:This section
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372:Member states
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177:This section
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130:. (The word
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19:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:the original
2005:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1950:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1899:
1892:
1891:BS 350:2004
1884:
1872:
1861:. Retrieved
1854:the original
1841:
1830:. Retrieved
1826:the original
1816:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:the original
1791:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:the original
1766:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:the original
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:the original
1716:
1705:
1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1679:the original
1669:
1505:Proof House
1483:Proof House
1458:Proof House
1405:Proof House
1383:Proof House
1351:Beschussamt
1315:Proof House
1293:Proof House
1271:Proof House
1249:Proof House
1227:Proof House
1215:Beschussamt
1201:Proof House
1196:
1193:Proof houses
1183:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1144:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1079:
1073:January 2021
1070:
1059:Please help
1054:verification
1051:
1027:
996:
989:
970:
961:hand loaders
958:
946:
922:
918:
909:
901:traceability
897:
882:
876:January 2021
873:
862:Please help
857:verification
854:
831:
824:
821:
817:
813:
803:
782:
776:January 2021
773:
762:Please help
757:verification
754:
730:
694:
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628:
441:
426:
420:January 2021
417:
402:Please help
390:
363:
359:
356:
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296:January 2021
293:
282:Please help
277:verification
274:
250:
246:
242:
238:
229:
214:
208:January 2021
205:
190:Please help
178:
147:proof tested
144:
131:
123:
119:
115:
113:
66:Headquarters
1103:pressures.
916:rejection.
808:Walther PPS
717:proof marks
366:World War I
2108:Ammunition
2097:Categories
2021:2011-03-28
1863:2011-07-16
1832:2013-01-02
1807:2013-01-02
1782:2013-01-02
1757:2013-01-02
1732:2013-01-02
1685:2013-01-02
1661:References
1623:Ammunition
664:Kragujevac
655:Yugoslavia
233:proof mark
158:See also:
136:small arms
132:portatives
118:(English:
1521:Abu Dhabi
1477:Lieskovec
1309:Riihimäki
1147:shotshell
925:shotshell
913:Headspace
391:does not
179:does not
99:.cip-bobp
48:Formation
1907:Archived
1617:See also
1475:, a.s.,
1468:Slovakia
1444:Klimovsk
1399:Budapest
1353:Hannover
1265:Santiago
1009:, nor a
942:momentum
933:tungsten
905:ISO 9000
585:Slovakia
128:firearms
70:Brussels
1393:Hungary
1369:München
1347:Germany
1303:Finland
1237:Belgium
1217:Ferlach
1211:Austria
1132:Kistler
929:bismuth
810:pistol.
546:Hungary
533:Germany
507:Finland
468:Belgium
455:Austria
412:removed
397:sources
344:Belgium
336:England
324:Austria
256:History
200:removed
185:sources
92:Website
74:Belgium
39:C.I.P.
1543:London
1534:
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1448:Ijevsk
1438:Russia
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1325:France
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1287:Prague
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1256:
1234:
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1007:pascal
700:tools;
668:Serbia
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572:Russia
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520:France
517:
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332:London
320:Styria
124:C.I.P.
86:French
18:C.I.P.
1857:(PDF)
1850:(PDF)
1638:SAAMI
1499:Eibar
1493:Spain
1415:Italy
1259:Chile
1243:Liège
598:Spain
559:Italy
481:Chile
340:Liège
1649:DEVA
1541:The
1423:(BS)
1373:Suhl
1361:Köln
1357:Kiel
1221:Wien
1187:ITAR
1145:For
973:NATO
971:The
931:and
631:The
395:any
393:cite
183:any
181:cite
114:The
101:.org
56:Type
51:1914
41:logo
1063:by
1011:cgs
999:bar
866:by
766:by
406:by
286:by
194:by
97:www
2099::
1003:SI
666:,
72:,
2048:)
2024:.
1866:.
1835:.
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1080:(
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294:(
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221:)
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206:(
202:.
188:.
20:)
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