500:
388:; a black stripe down from the top of the head and neck with three black stripes going down the carapace; a more prominently elongated tail; as well as a type of ivory white on the plastron (underbelly). The male's usually green head transforms during the breeding season to a bright chartreuse-yellow with bold black markings. In contrast to this, the female Burmese roofed turtle grows significantly larger than the male. The coloration of the adult females is more similar to each part of its body, ranging from a dark brown to a grayish-black among the head, carapace, and plastron respectively.
97:
55:
31:
1014:
419:
The adult female age of a
Burmese roofed turtle upon its first time reproducing in captivity is estimated to be at a maximum of 14 years old. A wild female is likely to reach sexual maturity somewhere around the age of 20 and up. The average number of eggs laid per clutch is between 20-25 eggs per
484:
is a dispersive species, reintroduction efforts are more difficult since they will start to migrate downstream for miles. Some turtles have been released into the wild without any special assistance, but has shown to be difficult to monitor. Soft release efforts have been implemented to assist
467:. Some have been released to the wild. In the years that followed, researchers found several specimens of the Burmese roofed turtle and took them to captivity. Health screenings of captive Burmese roofed turtles were conducted in 2014 and 2018 to ensure that the spread of
471:
or disease that may be picked up while in captivity does not spread to remaining wild populations if released back into the wild. These health screenings showed no signs of disease or physical illness, and the turtles were exceptionally healthy.
664:
Calle, Paul P.; Raphael, Bonnie L.; Lwin, Tint; Ingerman, Karen D.; Perry, Angela; Motkowicz, Brittany; Brown, Ania
Tomaszewicz; Horne, Brian D.; Chang, Tylis Y.; Seah, Adeline; Platt, Steven G.; Platt, Kalyar; Seimon, Tracie A. (2021).
365:. It was once a common and abundant turtle in its respective habitat. As populations began facing rapid decline, eventually the species was thought to be extinct, until two subpopulations were rediscovered in 2001 in the
666:
4177:
4144:
369:
and
Dokhtawady rivers. Less than 10 mature individuals were known by 2018. The Burmese roofed turtle is one of the most critically endangered turtle species in the world.
439:
species, it faces many threats to its survival. The current main threats to the
Burmese roofed turtles include habitat degradation, predation, excessive egg collection,
1242:
1250:
399:
is a herbivorous turtle; it feeds primarily on the aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation found in their habitats. In captivity, some of the foods that are supplied to
4262:
420:
female. These turtles choose to nest along the sandbanks of meanders that have little to no vegetation or canopy cover, and remain in what is locally coined an
1234:
4237:
443:
of mature adults and juveniles for consumption and trade demands, pollution, fishing, as well as climate change through flooding and extreme weather.
489:
in being acclimated to the sandbank that they are released in so they wouldn't travel long distances, which would make monitoring efforts easier.
4100:
2683:
2594:
2602:
2356:
455:. The captive population in five zoos comprised about 1,000 individuals as of 2018. Several hundred Burmese roofed turtles are kept in the
707:
4048:
4074:
384:
Adult male and female
Burmese roofed turtles can be distinguished through their morphology. Adult males exhibit an olive-green
4218:
916:
734:"China Market: Turtle market survey in China reveals disturbing number of Myanmar endemics and critically endangered species"
4079:
3936:
Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated
Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
1745:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
1776:
758:
4257:
1141:
3934:
1744:
733:
606:
4252:
1296:
1211:
1191:
854:Çilingir, F. Gözde; Rheindt, Frank E.; Garg, Kritika M.; Platt, Kalyar; Platt, Steven G.; Bickford, David P. (2017).
228:
583:"Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status"
4105:
3809:
2892:
1131:
59:
4247:
4000:
3786:
1436:
456:
4014:
4009:
3945:
2468:
1852:
1644:
1531:
1522:
1391:
1351:
1081:
829:
2201:
1401:
1396:
1291:
805:
Platt, Steven G.; Measures, Elizabeth A.; Rohr, David M.; Platt, Kaylar; Rainwater, Thomas R. (2017).
4211:
1201:
1071:
909:
1834:
556:
96:
2847:
1769:
1712:
1661:
1146:
3703:
1654:
1634:
1486:
1341:
1206:
1106:
1076:
1061:
855:
4192:
3962:
3675:
2475:
2433:
2073:
1682:
1551:
1542:
1456:
1446:
1371:
1362:
1116:
1111:
499:
4267:
2419:
1921:
1639:
1624:
1316:
1307:
1196:
211:
4204:
4092:
4035:
3661:
2327:
1951:
1629:
1581:
1441:
1336:
1161:
902:
782:
Platt, Steven G.; Lwin, Tint; Aung, Shwe Htay; Platt, Kaylar; Rainwater, Thomas R. (2022).
4131:
8:
3646:
2005:
1762:
1649:
1576:
1571:
1506:
1481:
1451:
1431:
1126:
44:
598:
3053:
3018:
2885:
2624:
1707:
1593:
1586:
1511:
1461:
1421:
1151:
1136:
1101:
580:
237:
91:
533:
496:
that were reintroduced into the wild in two separate places along the
Chindwin river.
4126:
4022:
3596:
2579:
2531:
2522:
2405:
1982:
1619:
1614:
1271:
1262:
1186:
1181:
1156:
1121:
875:
686:
602:
582:
452:
806:
783:
4242:
4139:
3388:
2776:
2751:
2712:
2660:
2391:
1936:
1687:
1092:
1066:
867:
678:
635:
594:
551:
404:
4027:
4113:
3836:
3484:
3213:
3181:
2818:
2727:
2503:
2089:
1698:
4157:
424:, which is also known as a deep pool, for the remainder of the breeding season.
4188:
3731:
3721:
3618:
3468:
3308:
3010:
2955:
2697:
2632:
2172:
2163:
2132:
2040:
1929:
1843:
1426:
408:
366:
784:"Batagur trivitatta (Burmese roofed turtle). Female age at first reproduction"
4231:
4087:
3985:
3911:
3794:
3694:
3683:
3654:
3568:
3452:
3436:
3396:
3330:
3240:
3205:
3149:
3133:
3117:
3091:
3079:
3063:
3041:
3033:
2840:
2551:
2384:
2245:
2192:
2140:
1035:
1024:
974:
879:
690:
542:
168:
64:
817:((2)): 420–421 – via Society for the study of amphibians and reptiles.
794:((2)): 304–305 – via Society for the study of amphibians and reptiles.
3846:
3771:
3747:
3264:
3141:
3125:
3101:
3002:
2947:
2871:
2787:
2761:
2675:
2586:
2565:
2489:
2454:
2264:
2230:
2097:
2013:
1959:
1605:
1472:
1346:
754:
411:
if they are in growing season, and any other supplemental foods if needed.
4118:
4061:
3994:
3824:
3779:
3625:
3610:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3492:
3372:
3356:
3340:
3256:
3248:
3197:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3025:
2977:
2900:
2825:
2690:
2646:
2572:
2558:
2510:
2367:
2285:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2124:
2066:
2058:
1975:
1967:
1914:
1904:
1732:
1723:
1000:
980:
926:
667:"BURMESE ROOFED TURTLE (BATAGUR TRIVITTATA) DISEASE SCREENING IN MYANMAR"
640:
623:
354:
178:
4053:
3903:
3816:
3802:
3763:
3540:
3460:
3428:
3412:
3380:
3318:
3291:
3272:
3189:
2994:
2914:
2907:
2855:
2832:
2742:
2609:
2341:
2148:
2081:
1998:
1990:
1893:
1884:
1223:
968:
962:
871:
807:"Batagur Trivitatta (Burmese roofed turtle) nesting site and substrate"
372:
In 2007, an illegally traded individual was seen in
Qingping market in
158:
682:
581:
Rhodin, A.G.J.; van Dijk, P.P.; Inverson, J.B.; Shaffer, H.B. (2010).
4066:
3895:
3755:
3739:
3668:
3632:
3582:
3575:
3500:
3476:
3420:
3364:
3071:
2863:
2811:
2769:
2482:
2440:
2348:
2334:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2271:
2116:
1944:
1562:
1382:
894:
373:
318:
108:
30:
3956:
3979:
3710:
3639:
3559:
3548:
3444:
3109:
2986:
2878:
2720:
2705:
2667:
2616:
2542:
2447:
2426:
2412:
2398:
2254:
2181:
2050:
2029:
2021:
1803:
1412:
1327:
1282:
1172:
944:
708:"Back from the brink, baby Burmese roofed turtles make their debut"
468:
460:
440:
436:
385:
358:
128:
759:"A Turtle With a Permanent Smile Was Brought Back From Extinction"
3854:
3603:
3508:
3404:
3348:
2928:
2921:
2803:
2653:
2639:
2496:
2461:
2376:
2278:
1818:
1809:
1673:
1497:
1047:
956:
950:
503:
Burmese roofed turtles (Batagur trivittata) at the
Singapore Zoo.
362:
349:
344:
188:
138:
531:
451:
The
Burmese roofed turtle is nationally protected and listed in
4184:
4040:
3589:
3232:
1824:
1797:
1785:
938:
856:"Conservation genomics of the endangered Burmese roofed turtle"
341:
148:
118:
4176:
4152:
2796:
1863:
1754:
492:
There were two sets of 30 genetically diverse individuals of
464:
81:
75:
2292:
853:
663:
804:
997:
463:
and a turtle conservation center in Lawkananda Park,
781:
621:
4229:
557:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T10952A152044061.en
4212:
3933:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
2171:
1770:
1743:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
910:
532:Platt, K.; Horne, B.D.; Praschag, P. (2019).
731:
4238:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
830:"Burmese Roofed Turtles Return to the Wild"
4263:Taxa named by André Marie Constant Duméril
4219:
4205:
2976:
1903:
1842:
1777:
1763:
917:
903:
53:
29:
639:
615:
555:
576:
574:
498:
4230:
924:
624:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World"
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
3961:
3960:
1851:
1758:
898:
827:
753:
571:
4171:
702:
700:
671:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
357:. It is a freshwater turtle that is
1142:Vietnamese three-striped box turtle
741:Turtle Survival Alliance Newsletter
599:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010
543:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
514:
13:
475:
14:
4279:
1297:Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle
1212:Western black-bridged leaf turtle
1192:Eastern black-bridged leaf turtle
890:
697:
648:
4175:
1012:
95:
3879:
3299:
847:
821:
446:
414:
1784:
1132:Southern Vietnamese box turtle
798:
775:
747:
725:
1:
622:Fritz, U.; Havaš, P. (2007).
587:Chelonian Research Monographs
507:
379:
311:Kachuga (Pangshura) trivitata
4191:. You can help Knowledge by
1437:Chinese stripe-necked turtle
457:Yadanabon Zoological Gardens
7:
3946:List of Testudines families
1645:Mexican spotted wood turtle
1532:Malayan flat-shelled turtle
1392:Malayan snail-eating turtle
1352:Yellow-headed temple turtle
1082:Three-striped roofed turtle
712:Mongabay Environmental News
10:
4284:
4258:Reptiles described in 1835
4170:
1402:Khorat snail-eating turtle
1397:Mekong snail-eating turtle
1292:Black-breasted leaf turtle
1010:
427:
250:Duméril & Bibron, 1835
3969:
3929:
3886:
3872:
3834:
3720:
3693:
3558:
3328:
3306:
3290:
3223:
3089:
3051:
2969:
2938:
2786:
2750:
2741:
2541:
2520:
2366:
2253:
2244:
2191:
2162:
2107:
2039:
1892:
1883:
1861:
1860:
1833:
1792:
1741:
1721:
1696:
1671:
1603:
1560:
1540:
1520:
1495:
1470:
1410:
1380:
1360:
1325:
1305:
1280:
1260:
1220:
1202:Myanmar brown leaf turtle
1170:
1090:
1072:Red-crowned roofed turtle
1045:
1021:
996:
989:
933:
243:
236:
217:
210:
92:Scientific classification
90:
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
4253:Endemic fauna of Myanmar
1713:Philippine forest turtle
1662:Rhinoclemmys panamaensis
1243:Echmatemys stevensoniana
1147:Yellow-headed box turtle
834:Turtle Survival Alliance
1655:Spot-legged wood turtle
1635:Large-nosed wood turtle
1487:Tricarinate hill turtle
1342:Giant Asian pond turtle
1251:Echmatemys wyomingensis
1077:Southern river terrapin
1062:Northern river terrapin
391:
1552:Malaysian giant turtle
1457:Vietnamese pond turtle
1447:Red-necked pond turtle
1372:Sulawesi forest turtle
1112:Indochinese box turtle
998:Species of the family
550:: e.T10952A152044061.
504:
24:Burmese roofed turtle
4183:This article about a
1640:Maracaibo wood turtle
1625:Colombian wood turtle
1317:Brahminy river turtle
1197:Enigmatic leaf turtle
1057:Burmese roofed turtle
811:Herpetological Review
788:Herpetological Review
732:Kuchling, G. (2007).
502:
407:, fish food pellets,
332:Burmese roofed turtle
60:Critically Endangered
1630:Furrowed wood turtle
1582:Indian roofed turtle
1442:Japanese pond turtle
1337:Arakan forest turtle
1207:Oldham's leaf turtle
1107:Bourret's box turtle
860:Conservation Biology
641:10.3897/vz.57.e30895
4248:Reptiles of Myanmar
1683:Beale's eyed turtle
1650:Painted wood turtle
1577:Brown roofed turtle
1572:Assam roofed turtle
1507:Burmese eyed turtle
1482:Indian black turtle
1452:Spanish pond turtle
1432:Chinese pond turtle
1235:Echmatemys septaria
1117:McCord's box turtle
1036:Banhxeochelys trani
435:, because it is an
231:& Bibron, 1835)
45:Conservation status
4001:Batagur trivittata
3971:Batagur trivittata
3054:Nanhsiungchelyidae
3019:Macrocephalochelys
1708:Black marsh turtle
1594:Pangshura tatrotia
1587:Indian tent turtle
1512:Indian eyed turtle
1462:Yellow pond turtle
1422:Balkan pond turtle
1152:Chinese box turtle
1137:Golden coin turtle
1102:Amboina box turtle
872:10.1111/cobi.12921
828:Platt, S. (2015).
763:The New York Times
628:Vertebrate Zoology
536:Batagur trivittata
505:
337:Batagur trivittata
303:Kachuga trivittata
271:Kachuga trilineata
255:Batagur trivittata
221:Batagur trivittata
203:B. trivittata
4200:
4199:
4168:
4167:
4127:Open Tree of Life
3963:Taxon identifiers
3954:
3953:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
2965:
2964:
2737:
2736:
2240:
2239:
2158:
2157:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1752:
1751:
1620:Brown wood turtle
1615:Black wood turtle
1272:Black pond turtle
1187:Assam leaf turtle
1182:Asian leaf turtle
1162:Zhou's box turtle
1157:Yunnan box turtle
1122:Keeled box turtle
1008:
1007:
683:10.1638/2021-0017
453:CITES Appendix II
361:to the rivers of
328:
327:
295:Clemmys iravadica
287:Batagur iravadica
263:Kachuga peguensis
85:
68:
16:Species of turtle
4275:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4179:
4172:
4161:
4160:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4109:
4108:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4070:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4044:
4043:
4031:
4030:
4018:
4017:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3958:
3957:
3884:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3389:Chupacabrachelys
3304:
3303:
3297:
3296:
2974:
2973:
2752:Carettochelyidae
2748:
2747:
2251:
2250:
2169:
2168:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1889:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1688:Four-eyed turtle
1127:Pan's box turtle
1067:Painted terrapin
1016:
1015:
994:
993:
919:
912:
905:
896:
895:
884:
883:
866:(6): 1469–1476.
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
825:
819:
818:
802:
796:
795:
779:
773:
772:
770:
769:
751:
745:
744:
738:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
704:
695:
694:
677:(4): 1270–1274.
661:
646:
645:
643:
619:
613:
612:
578:
569:
568:
566:
564:
559:
529:
340:) is one of six
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
223:
100:
99:
79:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4114:Observation.org
4112:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3965:
3955:
3950:
3917:
3860:
3837:Sahonachelyidae
3830:
3716:
3689:
3554:
3485:Phosphatochelys
3324:
3278:
3219:
3214:Terlinguachelys
3182:Pneumatoarthrus
3085:
3047:
2961:
2934:
2782:
2733:
2537:
2516:
2504:Siebenrockiella
2362:
2236:
2187:
2154:
2103:
2090:Mesodermochelys
2035:
1896:
1867:
1829:
1788:
1783:
1753:
1748:
1737:
1717:
1699:Siebenrockiella
1692:
1667:
1599:
1556:
1536:
1516:
1491:
1466:
1406:
1376:
1356:
1321:
1301:
1276:
1256:
1216:
1166:
1086:
1041:
1017:
1013:
1004:
985:
929:
923:
893:
888:
887:
852:
848:
838:
836:
826:
822:
803:
799:
780:
776:
767:
765:
752:
748:
736:
730:
726:
717:
715:
706:
705:
698:
662:
649:
620:
616:
609:
579:
572:
562:
560:
530:
515:
510:
478:
476:Reintroductions
449:
430:
417:
394:
382:
313:
306:Boulenger, 1889
305:
297:
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
249:
247:Emys trivittata
232:
225:
219:
206:
94:
86:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4281:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4224:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4180:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4149:
4136:
4123:
4110:
4097:
4084:
4071:
4058:
4045:
4032:
4019:
4006:
3991:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3940:
3939:. † = extinct.
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3890:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3850:
3841:
3839:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3732:Albertwoodemys
3726:
3724:
3722:Podocnemididae
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3619:Lomalatachelys
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3469:Labrostochelys
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3313:
3311:
3309:Araripemydidae
3301:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3058:
3056:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3011:Emarginachelys
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2956:Sinaspideretes
2951:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2756:
2754:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2633:Hesperotestudo
2628:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2525:
2523:Platysternidae
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2173:Dermatemydidae
2166:
2164:Kinosternoidea
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2133:Procolpochelys
2128:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2041:Dermochelyidae
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1933:
1930:Carolinochelys
1925:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1793:
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1789:
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1774:
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1759:
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1742:
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1669:
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1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1427:Caspian turtle
1424:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1377:
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1218:
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1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
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1189:
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1005:
991:
987:
986:
984:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
934:
931:
930:
922:
921:
914:
907:
899:
892:
891:External links
889:
886:
885:
846:
820:
797:
774:
746:
743:(August): 8–9.
724:
696:
647:
614:
608:978-0965354097
607:
570:
512:
511:
509:
506:
477:
474:
448:
445:
429:
426:
416:
413:
393:
390:
381:
378:
353:of the family
326:
325:
324:
323:
308:
300:
298:Boettger, 1888
292:
290:Anderson, 1879
284:
276:
268:
260:
258:Theobald, 1868
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88:
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52:
49:
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43:
40:
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35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4280:
4269:
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4264:
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4256:
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4244:
4241:
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4202:
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4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
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4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3914:
3913:
3912:Tacuarembemys
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3847:Sahonachelys
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3810:Peltocephalus
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3795:Lapparentemys
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3695:Pelomedusidae
3692:
3686:
3685:
3684:Yaminuechelys
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:Prochelidella
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3569:Acanthochelys
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3453:Kinkonychelys
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3437:Itapecuruemys
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3397:Eotaphrosphys
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3331:Bothremydidae
3327:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:Argillochelys
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3206:Santanachelys
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:Desmatochelys
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3134:Calcarichelys
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:Atlantochelys
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3092:Protostegidae
3088:
3082:
3081:
3080:Jiangxichelys
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:Anomalochelys
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3042:Protochelydra
3038:
3036:
3035:
3034:Planiplastron
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2841:Drazinderetes
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2777:Carettochelys
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2661:Malacochersus
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2552:Aldabrachelys
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2434:Leucocephalon
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2385:Banhxeochelys
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Testudinoidea
2243:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2193:Kinosternidae
2190:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:Protosphargis
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:(Sea turtles)
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
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1389:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:Leucocephalon
1359:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
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1335:
1334:
1332:
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1190:
1188:
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1177:
1175:
1174:
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1153:
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1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
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1103:
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1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1025:Banhxeochelys
1020:
1003:
1002:
995:
992:
988:
982:
978:
976:
975:Testudinoidea
973:Superfamily:
972:
970:
966:
964:
960:
958:
954:
952:
948:
946:
942:
940:
936:
935:
932:
928:
920:
915:
913:
908:
906:
901:
900:
897:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
835:
831:
824:
816:
812:
808:
801:
793:
789:
785:
778:
764:
760:
756:
750:
742:
735:
728:
713:
709:
703:
701:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
618:
610:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
575:
558:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
537:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
513:
501:
497:
495:
494:B. trivitatta
490:
488:
487:B. trivitatta
483:
482:B. trivittata
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:B. trivitatta
425:
423:
412:
410:
406:
405:water spinach
402:
401:B. trivitatta
398:
397:B. trivitatta
389:
387:
377:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
347:in the genus
346:
343:
339:
338:
333:
322:
320:
312:
309:
304:
301:
296:
293:
288:
285:
280:
279:Kachuga fusca
277:
272:
269:
264:
261:
256:
253:
248:
245:
244:
242:
239:
235:
230:
224:
222:
216:
213:
212:Binomial name
209:
205:
204:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:Testudinoidea
167:
165:Superfamily:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
77:
72:
66:
61:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4268:Turtle stubs
4193:expanding it
4182:
3970:
3935:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3853:
3845:
3823:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3787:Erymnochelys
3785:
3778:
3772:Cerrejonemys
3770:
3762:
3754:
3748:Brontochelys
3746:
3738:
3730:
3709:
3702:
3682:
3674:
3667:
3662:Pseudemydura
3660:
3653:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3317:
3271:
3265:Prionochelys
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3142:Cratochelone
3140:
3132:
3126:Bouliachelys
3124:
3116:
3108:
3102:Alienochelys
3100:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3040:
3032:
3024:
3017:
3009:
3003:Chelydropsis
3001:
2993:
2985:
2954:
2948:Basilochelys
2946:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2872:Khunnuchelys
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2795:
2788:Trionychidae
2775:
2768:
2762:Allaeochelys
2760:
2726:
2719:
2713:Stigmochelys
2711:
2704:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2676:Megalochelys
2674:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2587:Cylindraspis
2585:
2578:
2571:
2566:Centrochelys
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:Testudinidae
2532:Platysternon
2530:
2511:Vijayachelys
2509:
2502:
2495:
2490:Rhinoclemmys
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2455:Melanochelys
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2355:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2265:Acherontemys
2263:
2231:Sternotherus
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2180:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2098:Psephophorus
2096:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2028:
2020:
2014:Pacifichelys
2012:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1983:Lepidochelys
1981:
1974:
1966:
1960:Gigantatypus
1958:
1952:Eretmochelys
1950:
1943:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1913:
1894:Chelonioidea
1862:
1814:
1747:. †=Extinct.
1724:Vijayachelys
1722:
1697:
1672:
1660:
1606:Rhinoclemmys
1604:
1592:
1561:
1541:
1521:
1496:
1473:Melanochelys
1471:
1411:
1381:
1361:
1347:Spiny turtle
1326:
1306:
1281:
1261:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1222:
1171:
1091:
1056:
1046:
1034:
1023:
999:
863:
859:
849:
837:. Retrieved
833:
823:
814:
810:
800:
791:
787:
777:
766:. Retrieved
762:
749:
740:
727:
716:. Retrieved
714:. 2020-08-28
711:
674:
670:
631:
627:
617:
590:
586:
561:. Retrieved
547:
541:
535:
493:
491:
486:
481:
479:
450:
447:Conservation
432:
431:
421:
418:
415:Reproduction
400:
396:
395:
383:
371:
348:
336:
335:
331:
329:
316:
314:Gurley, 2003
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
220:
218:
202:
201:
189:
18:
4062:iNaturalist
3995:Wikispecies
3825:Stupendemys
3780:Cordichelys
3626:Mesoclemmys
3611:Hydromedusa
3533:Taphrosphys
3525:Sankuchemys
3517:Rhothonemys
3493:Polysternon
3373:Cearachelys
3357:Azabbaremys
3341:Araiochelys
3257:Ctenochelys
3249:Bashuchelys
3198:Rhinochelys
3174:Ocepechelon
3166:Notochelone
3158:Iserosaurus
3026:Macrochelys
2978:Chelydridae
2901:Palaeoamyda
2826:Cyclanorbis
2691:Psammobates
2684:Oligopherus
2647:Indotestudo
2595:Cymatholcus
2573:Chelonoidis
2559:Astrochelys
2368:Geoemydidae
2286:Deirochelys
2224:Staurotypus
2217:Kinosternon
2210:Hoplochelys
2125:Peritresius
2074:Dermochelys
2067:Cosmochelys
2059:Corsochelys
1976:Itilochelys
1968:Glarichelys
1915:Allopleuron
1905:Cheloniidae
1844:Superfamily
1733:Cane turtle
1001:Geoemydidae
981:Geoemydidae
927:Geoemydidae
593:: 107–108.
355:Geoemydidae
179:Geoemydidae
78:Appendix II
4232:Categories
4145:trivittata
3904:Caririemys
3817:Podocnemis
3803:Latentemys
3764:Carbonemys
3704:Pelomedusa
3541:Ummulisani
3461:Kurmademys
3429:Inaechelys
3413:Galianemys
3381:Chedighaii
3319:Araripemys
3292:Pleurodira
3273:Toxochelys
3190:Protostega
2995:Chelydrops
2915:Pelodiscus
2908:Pelochelys
2856:Gilmoremys
2833:Cycloderma
2743:Trionychia
2610:Geochelone
2603:Floridemys
2469:Notochelys
2357:Wilburemys
2328:Malaclemys
2182:Dermatemys
2149:Puppigerus
2082:Eosphargis
1999:Miocaretta
1991:Mexichelys
1885:Cryptodira
1825:Testudines
1786:Testudines
1523:Notochelys
1224:Echmatemys
969:Cryptodira
967:Suborder:
963:Testudines
955:Subclass:
839:8 February
768:2020-09-03
718:2024-04-26
634:(2): 226.
563:8 February
508:References
380:Morphology
282:Gray, 1870
274:Gray, 1869
266:Gray, 1869
159:Cryptodira
155:Suborder:
149:Testudines
3944:See also
3896:Caribemys
3756:Caninemys
3740:Bauruemys
3669:Rheodytes
3633:Myuchelys
3576:Chelodina
3501:Puentemys
3477:Nigeremys
3421:Ilatardia
3365:Bothremys
3072:Basilemys
2886:Nilssonia
2864:Hutchemys
2812:Axestemys
2770:Anosteira
2625:Hadrianus
2483:Pangshura
2441:Malayemys
2406:Geoclemys
2349:Trachemys
2342:Terrapene
2335:Pseudemys
2321:Graptemys
2314:Glyptemys
2307:Emydoidea
2300:Actinemys
2272:Chrysemys
2117:Euclastes
1945:Eochelone
1796:Kingdom:
1563:Pangshura
1383:Malayemys
1263:Geoclemys
937:Kingdom:
880:0888-8892
755:Nuwer, R.
691:1042-7260
469:pathogens
376:, China.
374:Guangzhou
319:ex errore
197:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
4153:Species+
3980:Wikidata
3711:Pelusios
3676:Rhinemys
3647:Platemys
3640:Phrynops
3560:Chelidae
3549:Zolhafah
3445:Jainemys
3110:Archelon
2987:Chelydra
2879:Lissemys
2721:Stylemys
2706:Solitudo
2668:Manouria
2617:Gopherus
2580:Chersina
2448:Mauremys
2427:Heosemys
2420:Hardella
2413:Geoemyda
2399:Cyclemys
2255:Emydidae
2202:Claudius
2051:Arabemys
2030:Tasbacka
2022:Syllomus
1937:Chelonia
1835:Suborder
1819:Diapsida
1810:Reptilia
1804:Chordata
1802:Phylum:
1798:Animalia
1413:Mauremys
1328:Heosemys
1308:Hardella
1283:Geoemyda
1173:Cyclemys
979:Family:
957:Anapsida
951:Reptilia
945:Chordata
943:Phylum:
939:Animalia
757:(2020).
480:Because
461:Mandalay
441:poaching
386:carapace
367:Chindwin
238:Synonyms
175:Family:
139:Reptilia
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
4243:Batagur
4054:5789401
3986:Q306287
3855:Sokatra
3604:Emydura
3509:Rosasia
3405:Foxemys
3349:Arenila
2929:Trionyx
2922:Rafetus
2848:Dogania
2804:Apalone
2728:Testudo
2654:Kinixys
2640:Homopus
2497:Sacalia
2476:Orlitia
2462:Morenia
2377:Batagur
2279:Clemmys
2006:Natator
1922:Caretta
1823:Order:
1808:Class:
1674:Sacalia
1543:Orlitia
1498:Morenia
1048:Batagur
961:Order:
949:Class:
925:Family
437:endemic
428:Threats
363:Myanmar
359:endemic
350:Batagur
345:species
229:Duméril
190:Batagur
185:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
63: (
38:Female
4185:turtle
4106:686919
4080:949147
4041:793112
4015:279936
3887:
3880:
3873:
3597:Elusor
3590:Elseya
3583:Chelus
3300:
3233:Adocus
3224:
2970:
2939:
2819:Chitra
2521:
2108:
1853:Family
990:Genera
878:
689:
605:
342:turtle
4187:is a
4119:97436
4093:10952
4067:73700
2893:Palea
2797:Amyda
2698:Pyxis
2392:Cuora
1864:Genus
1815:Clade
1093:Cuora
737:(PDF)
465:Bagan
82:CITES
76:CITES
4189:stub
4158:4397
4132:7583
4101:NCBI
4088:IUCN
4075:ITIS
4049:GBIF
4028:KVXR
4010:BOLD
2293:Emys
876:ISSN
841:2022
687:ISSN
603:ISBN
565:2022
548:2019
422:Aike
409:figs
403:are
392:Diet
330:The
4036:EoL
4023:CoL
868:doi
679:doi
636:doi
595:doi
552:doi
459:in
4234::
4155::
4142::
4140:RD
4129::
4116::
4103::
4090::
4077::
4064::
4051::
4038::
4025::
4012::
3997::
3982::
1817::
874:.
864:31
862:.
858:.
832:.
815:48
813:.
809:.
792:53
790:.
786:.
761:.
739:.
710:.
699:^
685:.
675:52
673:.
669:.
650:^
632:57
630:.
626:.
601:.
589:.
585:.
573:^
546:.
540:.
516:^
4220:e
4213:t
4206:v
4195:.
3909:†
3901:†
3893:†
3852:†
3844:†
3835:†
3822:†
3800:†
3792:†
3777:†
3769:†
3761:†
3753:†
3745:†
3737:†
3729:†
3681:†
3652:†
3616:†
3546:†
3538:†
3530:†
3522:†
3514:†
3506:†
3498:†
3490:†
3482:†
3474:†
3466:†
3458:†
3450:†
3442:†
3434:†
3426:†
3418:†
3410:†
3402:†
3394:†
3386:†
3378:†
3370:†
3362:†
3354:†
3346:†
3338:†
3329:†
3316:†
3307:†
3270:†
3262:†
3254:†
3246:†
3238:†
3230:†
3211:†
3203:†
3195:†
3187:†
3179:†
3171:†
3163:†
3155:†
3147:†
3139:†
3131:†
3123:†
3115:†
3107:†
3099:†
3090:†
3077:†
3069:†
3061:†
3052:†
3039:†
3031:†
3016:†
3008:†
3000:†
2992:†
2953:†
2945:†
2898:†
2869:†
2861:†
2853:†
2838:†
2809:†
2767:†
2759:†
2718:†
2703:†
2681:†
2673:†
2630:†
2622:†
2600:†
2592:†
2382:†
2354:†
2262:†
2207:†
2146:†
2138:†
2130:†
2122:†
2114:†
2095:†
2087:†
2079:†
2064:†
2056:†
2048:†
2027:†
2019:†
2011:†
1996:†
1988:†
1973:†
1965:†
1957:†
1942:†
1927:†
1912:†
1778:e
1771:t
1764:v
1659:†
1591:†
1248:†
1240:†
1232:†
1221:†
1033:†
1022:†
918:e
911:t
904:v
882:.
870::
843:.
771:.
721:.
693:.
681::
644:.
638::
611:.
597::
591:5
567:.
554::
538:"
534:"
334:(
321:)
317:(
227:(
84:)
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
