1690:
604:, with an area of approximately 6,500 km (2,500 sq mi); later, the Sanctuary was extended to 21,800 square kilometres (8,400 sq mi), making it the largest protected area in mainland Southeast Asia. The river then turns to the west and flows through the middle of the plain, joined by the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron rivers from the right bank. These rivers drain the mountain ranges to the north and northeast of the Hukawng valley.
88:
68:
1682:
2042:
The first being the
Irrawaddy River Drainage system, where water flowing through the rivers of Manipur falls first into the Ningthi Turel (Chindwin River) and thereafter into the Irrawaddy River before discharging into the Bay of Bengal. . . . The Ningthi Turel (Chindwin River) System includes
2084:
The riverine systems of
Manipur falls into two major systems namely the Irrawaddy River System, where water flowing through the rivers of Manipur falls first into the Ningthi Turel (Chindwin River) and thereafter into the Irrawaddy River before discharging into the Bay of Bengal
1748:
Much of
Chindwin's course lies within mountain ranges and forests. Due to the difficulty of access, much of it remains unspoilt. The government of Burma recently created a very large (2,500 square mile) sanctuary for the endangered tiger within the Hukawng Valley.
1872:) is notable to be mentioned because many important historical events, associated with the Manipuri and the Burmese people, happened in and around the very river. Its Meitei language name is "Ningthi Turel". Here, "Turel" is a Meitei term for "river".
2069:
2128:
1804:
was built across the
Hukawng valley to supply China. The Chindwin was a major barrier both for the Japanese trying to invade India and for the Allied forces to reoccupy Burma.
2533:
2451:
Andrew Hsiu which taken from a journal titled "Morphological
Evidence for a Central Branch of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)." by Scott DeLancey which was published on 2015
697:(Pagan). It was choked up for centuries until 1824 when it was opened out by an exceptional flood. Satellite pictures show this lowest channel to be the widest one today.
689:. The extreme outlets into the Ayeyarwady are about 22 miles (35 km) apart, the interval forming a succession of long, low, partially populated islands. The lowest
1757:
The mountain ranges to the west of the
Chindwin are formidable, yet not totally impregnable to armies. The Kabaw valley saw many an invasion by the kingdom of
600:. It flows due north until it reaches the Hukawng Valley. In 2004, the government established the world's largest tiger preserve in the Hukawng Valley, the
2023:
2003:
Called
Ningthi by the Manipuris of India, it drains northwest through the Hukawng valley and then begins its 520-mile (840-kilometre) main course.
1812:
The chindwin river has a great impact on the culture of western Burma. Central Sino-Tibetan languages originated from valley areas of this river.
2198:
2113:
2159:
2291:
2135:
2258:
2530:
225:
2545:
616:
in the river. It then takes on the name of
Chindwin, and maintains a general southerly course. It passes the town of Singkaling
534:
2406:
150:
2383:
1973:
1955:
Account of the Valley of
Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes; with a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and other Languages
661:
2337:
1923:
568:
1800:
retreated on foot to India across the same mountains, with disastrous results, mainly due to disease and hunger. The
601:
2220:
2485:
2344:
1893:
1689:
2016:"GENERAL / LATEST NEWS: ENVIS Centre, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India"
2031:
2564:
2055:
2177:
2512:
562:, where the Tanai, the Tabye, the Tawan, and the Taron (also known as Turong or Towang) rivers meet.
2507:
2206:
1840:
in the headwaters of the Uyu river is the only place in the world where the finest jade - known as
631:. It then takes a more southeasterly course entering the broad central plain, passing the city of
2173:
2227:
2502:
1651:
1632:
is the largest tributary joining the
Chindwin river just below Homalin on the left. The famous
2373:
693:
of the Chindwin is, according to tradition, an artificial channel, cut by one of the kings of
2015:
2241:
1665:
2295:
612:
The Tanai exits the Hukawng valley through the Taron or Turong valley and through a sharp
8:
2266:
2027:
2107:
1824:
forests within its drainage area have been a valuable resource since ancient times. The
613:
2542:
2431:
2379:
2153:
2049:
1969:
1869:
1785:
marching across the western mountain ranges, and even encroached upon British India.
2228:"River Discharge and Reservoir Storage Changes Using Satellite Microwave Radiometry"
1943:
655:
644:
636:
480:
41:
28:
1988:
2549:
2537:
1963:
1865:
1820:
The Chindwin is served by regular river-going vessels up to the town of Homalin.
1797:
1793:
1702:
617:
508:
492:
395:
211:
51:
2524:
2410:
1953:
1825:
1796:
had cut off sea access, the British army and other allied forces under General
1694:
640:
524:
132:
2497:
2348:
2316:
1646:
drains the Kale valley and joins on the right further downstream. The town of
339:(74 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 110,350 km (42,610 sq mi)
2558:
2102:
1732:
1669:
1643:
676:
663:
648:
628:
583:
570:
549:
536:
467:
240:
227:
165:
152:
596:
on the Shwedaunggyi peak of the Kumon range, 12 miles (19 km) north of
1789:
528:
136:
635:
on the left bank. Its course at this point forms the boundary between the
2464:
690:
196:
2117:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 232.
1774:
1657:
1801:
1629:
504:
455:
77:
2488:
87:
1777:
ascended the Burmese throne. The Burmese army invaded and occupied
1766:
1762:
1727:
1707:
1661:
1769:, took Myedu, and reached as far as Sagaing opposite the capital
2070:"AIMS writes to Waterways Minister to redevelop inland waterways"
1841:
1837:
1778:
1758:
1717:
1712:
1637:
621:
597:
500:
103:
73:
67:
705:
Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Chindwin River at
627:
The river's course is generally southwesterly until the town of
2106:
1737:
1722:
1647:
706:
632:
336:
428:(Period: 1972–2009)14,150 m/s (500,000 cu ft/s)
369:(Period: 1966–2009)19,935 m/s (704,000 cu ft/s)
1829:
1782:
1681:
694:
349:(Period: 1966–2009)4,637 m/s (163,800 cu ft/s)
1958:. Bengal Printing Company Limited (Calcutta). pp. 8–40.
1765:(1709–1748) when his army crossed over the Chindwin and the
408:(Period: 1972–2009)2,290 m/s (81,000 cu ft/s)
2202:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1845:
1833:
1821:
1770:
1633:
359:(Period: 1966–2009)649 m/s (22,900 cu ft/s)
418:(Period: 1972–2009)109 m/s (3,800 cu ft/s)
2338:"Rationale for a National Tiger Action Plan for Myanmar"
1900:
1844:
or imperial jade - is found, along with an abundance of
2289:
2234:
1965:
Hijam Irabot Singh and Political Movements in Manipur
2292:"Heaven and Hell: The Quest for Jade in Upper Burma"
398:(Basin size: 27,420 km (10,590 sq mi)
310:(Period: 1967– 2009)149.7 km/a (4,740 m/s)
1761:to the west, most notably during the reign of King
2371:
2024:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
1948:. Baptist Mission Press, Kolkata. pp. 19–20.
1922:Chikamori, Hidetaka; Liu, Heng; Daniell, Trevor.
2556:
1945:Report On The Eastern Frontier Of British India
1921:
1989:"Chindwin River | river, Myanmar | Britannica"
1693:1980: River Chindwin 30 km NE of Monywa with
2469:Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States
1773:. The tables were turned in 1758 after King
278:114,684.9 km (44,280.1 sq mi)
2378:. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 112–3.
2253:
2251:
1807:
86:
2527:, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 8 August 2023.
1951:
1941:
1832:. Along the river, there are deposits of
2407:"The Stillwell Road A Historical Review"
2101:
2043:Tuijang, Taret and Maklang river basins.
1688:
1680:
709:. Period from 1966/01/01 to 2023/12/31:
2248:
1886:
2557:
2434:. The Pacific War Online Encyclopaedia
2158:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1828:is known for its abundance of Burmese
2285:
2283:
1961:
1672:and finally joins the Chindwin river.
1664:in northeast India. It flows through
523:The Chindwin originates in the broad
40:
2097:
2095:
2093:
565:The headwaters of the Tanai are at
511:. Its official name is also spelled
2294:. Ruby-Sapphire.com. Archived from
620:on the left bank, then the town of
13:
2404:
2280:
499:), is a river flowing entirely in
14:
2576:
2475:
2259:"Hpakan Other Rock Mine(Myanmar)"
2090:
1962:Siṃha, Kārāma Manimohana (1989),
1640:lie in the headwaters of the Uyu.
602:Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
507:of the country's main river, the
80:can be seen joining the Chindwin.
66:
2458:
2445:
2424:
2398:
2365:
2330:
2309:
2205:, November 1998. Archived from
2191:
2166:
1968:, B.R. Publishing Corporation,
2531:Rivers Network - Chindwin Blog
2290:Richard W. Hughes; Fred Ward.
2121:
2062:
2008:
1981:
1942:Pemberton, R. Boileau (1835).
1935:
1858:
1743:
1623:
219: • coordinates
144: • coordinates
1:
2345:Wildlife Conservation Society
1879:
1650:is on the left bank of their
110:Physical characteristics
2471:. 5 vols. Rangoon, 1900–1901
1815:
700:
656:Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy)
258: • elevation
187:1,134 m (3,720 ft)
183: • elevation
166:27.057418000°N 97.02600500°E
7:
2513:GPX (secondary coordinates)
2372:Phanjoubam Tarapot (2003).
2032:National Informatics Centre
391: • location
332: • location
296: • location
270:1,207 km (750 mi)
207: • location
128: • location
10:
2581:
2409:. Tinsukia. Archived from
1752:
518:
496:
424: • maximum
414: • minimum
404: • average
365: • maximum
355: • minimum
345: • average
306: • average
76:. The smaller, meandering
55:
42:[tɕɪ́ɰ̃dwɪ́ɰ̃mjɪʔ]
2508:GPX (primary coordinates)
2483:Map all coordinates using
2317:"Map of Sagaing Division"
1952:McCulloch, W.Maj (1859).
1925:Myanmar 1. Chindwin River
723:
720:
717:
714:
624:, also on the left bank.
607:
484:
461:
449:
441:
436:
432:
422:
412:
402:
389:
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286:
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205:
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181:
171:27.057418000; 97.02600500
142:
126:
118:
114:
109:
99:
94:
85:
65:
32:
21:
2491:Download coordinates as:
2074:www.thesangaiexpress.com
1851:
1685:River Chindwin at Monywa
1676:
1660:originates from central
463: • right
2242:"The Flood Observatory"
2178:Encyclopædia Britannica
2114:Encyclopædia Britannica
1808:Ethnography and culture
451: • left
262:55 m (180 ft)
2405:Baruah, Sri Surendra.
2054:: CS1 maint: others (
1698:
1686:
2503:GPX (all coordinates)
2347:(WCS). Archived from
1692:
1684:
550:26.43833°N 96.55889°E
487:), also known as the
241:21.47389°N 95.28139°E
2028:Government of India
1868:(officially called
673: /
580: /
546: /
437:Basin features
237: /
162: /
2548:2006-12-20 at the
2543:The Chindwin River
2536:2015-09-24 at the
2199:"Earth from Space"
1993:www.britannica.com
1699:
1687:
555:26.43833; 96.55889
531:of Burma, roughly
503:, and the largest
246:21.47389; 95.28139
2565:Rivers of Myanmar
2385:978-81-241-0902-1
1975:978-81-7018-578-9
1870:Manipuri language
1618:
1617:
677:21.500°N 95.250°E
584:25.500°N 97.000°E
473:
472:
2572:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2432:"Chindwin River"
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2375:Bleeding Manipur
2369:
2363:
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2360:
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2353:
2342:
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2325:
2324:
2313:
2307:
2306:
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2287:
2278:
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2275:
2274:
2265:. Archived from
2255:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
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2195:
2189:
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2186:
2185:
2174:"Chindwin River"
2170:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2134:. Archived from
2133:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2108:"Chindwin"
2099:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2066:
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2053:
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2012:
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1959:
1949:
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1898:
1897:
1890:
1873:
1862:
724:Discharge (m/s)
718:Discharge (m/s)
712:
711:
688:
687:
685:
684:
683:
678:
674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
645:Pakokku District
637:Sagaing District
595:
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585:
581:
578:
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561:
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392:
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307:
297:
252:
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184:
177:
176:
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159:
158:
155:
145:
129:
90:
72:The Chindwin at
70:
57:
44:
39:
34:
19:
18:
16:River in Myanmar
2580:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2555:
2554:
2550:Wayback Machine
2538:Wayback Machine
2521:
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2240:
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2212:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2129:"Archived copy"
2127:
2126:
2122:
2100:
2091:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2020:manenvis.nic.in
2014:
2013:
2009:
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1995:
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1928:
1920:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1866:Meitei language
1863:
1859:
1854:
1818:
1810:
1798:Joseph Stilwell
1755:
1746:
1679:
1626:
1620:
703:
681:
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212:Irrawaddy River
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2525:Chindwin River
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2476:External links
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2105:, ed. (1911).
2103:Chisholm, Hugh
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1826:Hukawng Valley
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1695:Lower Chindwin
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1670:Phek districts
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682:21.500; 95.250
654:It enters the
641:Sagaing Region
609:
606:
589:25.500; 97.000
525:Hukawng Valley
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517:
477:Chindwin River
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33:ချင်းတွင်းမြစ်
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22:Chindwin River
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649:Magway Region
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497:Ningthi Turel
494:
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489:Ningthi River
485:Chindwin Myin
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157:97°1′33.618″E
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20:
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2459:Bibliography
2447:
2436:. Retrieved
2426:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:the original
2400:
2389:. Retrieved
2374:
2367:
2356:. Retrieved
2349:the original
2332:
2321:. Retrieved
2311:
2300:. Retrieved
2296:the original
2271:. Retrieved
2267:the original
2262:
2236:
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2211:. Retrieved
2207:the original
2193:
2182:. Retrieved
2168:
2143:. Retrieved
2136:the original
2123:
2112:
2083:
2077:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2041:
2035:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
2002:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:
1983:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1937:
1924:
1888:
1864:The name in
1860:
1819:
1811:
1790:World War II
1787:
1756:
1747:
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564:
529:Kachin State
522:
512:
488:
476:
474:
137:Kachin State
2465:J. G. Scott
1792:, when the
1763:Garibaniwaj
1744:Environment
1697:crater lake
1624:Tributaries
680: /
587: /
553: /
442:Tributaries
244: /
169: /
56:ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ
2438:2008-10-07
2417:2008-11-19
2391:2008-11-19
2358:2008-12-27
2323:2008-10-07
2319:. Asterism
2302:2008-12-27
2273:2008-12-27
2213:2008-10-07
2184:2008-10-07
2145:2018-08-08
2079:2023-03-25
2037:2023-03-25
1998:2023-03-25
1894:"Chindwin"
1880:References
1775:Alaungpaya
1658:Tizu River
1652:confluence
541:96°33′32″E
538:26°26′18″N
300:Near mouth
275:Basin size
232:95°16′53″E
229:21°28′26″N
1816:Economics
1802:Ledo Road
1708:Htamanthi
1666:Zünheboto
1636:mines at
1630:Uyu River
701:Discharge
658:at about
513:Chindwinn
509:Irrawaddy
505:tributary
382:Discharge
323:Discharge
287:Discharge
78:Uyu River
2559:Category
2546:Archived
2534:Archived
2154:cite web
2050:cite web
1794:Japanese
1728:Kalaymyo
1662:Nagaland
643:and the
95:Location
1842:jadeite
1838:Hpakant
1788:During
1779:Manipur
1759:Manipur
1753:History
1718:Mawlaik
1713:Homalin
1638:Hpakant
1614:14,527
1600:13,410
1584:11,805
1570:21,140
1554:16,610
1540:14,470
1524:17,800
1511:25,600
1495:12,963
1481:20,580
1465:19,019
1452:22,490
1436:21,831
1423:25,450
1407:19,067
1393:20,010
1377:25,510
1364:15,420
1348:18,081
1334:19,450
1318:16,560
1304:22,710
1288:16,600
1274:18,840
1258:19,673
1244:23,160
1228:13,787
1214:16,010
1198:16,160
1184:20,300
1168:23,270
1154:18,920
1138:19,740
1124:16,540
1108:16,520
1094:23,800
1078:16,200
1064:26,650
1048:19,770
1034:17,840
1018:18,460
1004:25,000
988:24,300
974:21,700
958:14,040
944:16,490
928:18,740
914:19,450
898:21,530
884:19,790
868:19,600
854:20,130
838:20,400
824:25,450
808:16,080
794:17,740
778:20,680
764:24,550
668:95°15′E
665:21°30′N
622:Homalin
598:Mogaung
572:25°30′N
519:Sources
501:Myanmar
481:Burmese
468:Myittha
104:Myanmar
100:Country
74:Homalin
29:Burmese
2382:
2180:online
1972:
1836:, but
1738:Monywa
1733:Mingin
1723:Kalewa
1703:Hkamti
1648:Kalewa
1532:1,039
707:Monywa
633:Monywa
629:Mingin
618:Hkamti
614:defile
608:Course
575:97°0′E
493:Meitei
445:
396:Hkamti
385:
337:Monywa
326:
290:
267:Length
201:
122:
119:Source
52:Meitei
2352:(PDF)
2341:(PDF)
2139:(PDF)
2132:(PDF)
1929:(PDF)
1852:Notes
1830:amber
1783:Assam
1677:Towns
1610:4,204
1603:2023
1596:3,439
1589:1994
1580:4,603
1573:2022
1566:4,826
1559:1993
1550:4,776
1543:2021
1536:4,102
1529:1992
1520:6,114
1514:2020
1507:6,488
1500:1991
1491:4,290
1484:2019
1477:5,670
1470:1990
1461:5,618
1455:2018
1448:4,796
1441:1989
1432:6,776
1426:2017
1419:5,097
1412:1988
1403:5,160
1396:2016
1389:5,339
1382:1987
1373:4,585
1367:2015
1360:3,981
1353:1986
1344:3,169
1337:2014
1330:5,305
1323:1985
1314:4,236
1307:2013
1300:5,091
1293:1984
1284:4,817
1277:2012
1270:4,247
1263:1983
1254:3,771
1247:2011
1240:4,385
1233:1982
1224:3,898
1217:2010
1210:3,833
1203:1981
1194:3,232
1187:2009
1180:5,075
1173:1980
1164:4,500
1157:2008
1150:4,063
1143:1979
1134:5,355
1127:2007
1120:3,956
1113:1978
1104:3,771
1097:2006
1090:4,398
1083:1977
1074:3,486
1067:2005
1060:6,928
1053:1976
1044:5,862
1037:2004
1030:4,493
1023:1975
1014:5,134
1007:2003
1000:5,566
993:1974
984:4,595
977:2002
970:5,103
963:1973
954:4,278
947:2001
940:3,257
933:1972
924:5,514
917:2000
910:5,792
903:1971
894:5,188
887:1999
880:4,775
873:1970
864:5,113
857:1998
850:4,006
843:1969
834:4,434
827:1997
820:5,137
813:1968
804:3,989
797:1996
790:4,812
783:1967
774:4,977
767:1995
760:5,611
753:1966
721:Year
715:Year
695:Bagan
691:mouth
197:Mouth
2380:ISBN
2203:NASA
2160:link
2056:link
1970:ISBN
1846:fish
1834:jade
1822:Teak
1781:and
1668:and
1634:jade
1606:156
1592:644
1576:972
1562:981
1546:276
1503:852
1487:477
1473:907
1444:783
1415:610
1399:802
1385:659
1356:591
1340:297
1326:613
1310:201
1296:600
1280:343
1266:653
1250:132
1236:650
1220:121
1206:790
1190:257
1176:806
1160:288
1146:530
1130:318
1116:672
1100:242
1086:798
1070:552
1056:892
1040:608
1026:709
1010:744
996:921
980:672
966:530
950:512
936:757
920:632
906:509
890:480
876:548
860:736
846:582
830:432
816:757
800:616
786:775
770:684
756:610
748:Max
744:Mean
740:Min
737:Max
733:Mean
729:Min
475:The
38:IPA:
2498:KML
2085:...
1960:;
1950:;
1771:Ava
647:of
639:of
527:of
456:Uyu
2561::
2467:,
2343:.
2282:^
2261:.
2250:^
2201:.
2176:.
2156:}}
2152:{{
2111:.
2092:^
2082:.
2072:.
2052:}}
2048:{{
2040:.
2030:.
2026:,
2022:.
2018:.
2001:.
1991:.
1902:^
1848:.
1767:Mu
651:.
515:.
495::
483::
135:,
54::
31::
2441:.
2420:.
2394:.
2361:.
2326:.
2305:.
2276:.
2244:.
2230:.
2216:.
2187:.
2162:)
2148:.
2058:)
1931:.
1896:.
1654:.
491:(
479:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
