851:. The central figure in the research of Burkhanism in the past forty years, however, has demonstrated that Oirot-khan is a mythologized image of the Dzungar past of the people of Altai-kizhi. Chet and Chugul gathered thousands of Altaians for prayer meetings, initially in the Tereng Valley. These were violently suppressed by mobs of Russians, instigated by the Altaian Spiritual Mission, who were afraid of the potential of the competing religion to decrease the Orthodox Christian flock in Altai. Chet and Chugul were arrested, Chugul was released, and after a prolonged trial Chet was fully exonerated by court and released in 1906.
133:
7162:
621:
7172:
25:
831:
250:
950:
1086:—a formless spirit-mediator, assists with human-divine communication. Vinogradov compares with the Holy Spirit. Altaians distinguished between an Ak-Jajyk ("White Jajyk") who carried messages to the gods of the upper world, and a Sary-Jajyk ("Yellow Jajyk") who did the same for gods of the middle world, and is identified with the hearth.
983:
Rather than an import from
Buddhism, Christianity, or Turkic Islam, this particular trinity is likely to have been inspired by other triune gods and heroes from Turkic culture (sometimes in the form of a god with three sons). Uch Kurbustan is connected with the following three messianic heroes, also
1917:
Chapter 2 of
Sherstova, Burhanism, Tomsk (1986, 2010) provides a reconstruction of the court proceedings on the basis of the court files that the author discovered in 1985 in the State Archive of Tomsk Region. The discovery caused a major sensation during the defence of Sherstova's dissertation in
838:
In April 1904 Chet
Chelpan (or, Chot Chelpanov) and his adopted daughter Chugul Sarok Chandyk reported visions of a rider dressed in white, and riding a white horse. This figure, whom they called Ak-Burkhan ("White Burkhan"), announced the imminent arrival of the mythical messianic hero Oirat Khan
963:
Burkhanism accepts the "three worlds" of
Mongolic and Turkic tradition. (These are the upper, middle, and lower worlds—in other words heaven, earth, and the underworld.) However, it rejects worship of traditional deities associated with the underworld. In addition, it imports into worship many
1308:
A number of
Burkhanist revival organizations emerged during the 1990s, mostly as attempts to formulate or preserve an Altaian ethno-nationalist identity. To that end many of them have been persuaded to reconsider earlier Burkhanism's vexed relationship with shamanism and/or Buddhism.
866:. An exhaustively detailed treatment of the comparisons and comparability of Burkhanism with the Melanesian Cargo Cult, the Mennonites, the Dukhobors of Georgia, the Mariitsy of Nizhnii Novgorod, and many other movements, is provided in Sherstova's dissertation from the 1980s.
1312:
According to recent statistical studies, up to 70 % or 81 % (data of the
Research State Institute of Altaic Studies) of the Altaians continue to profess the so-called "Altai Faith"—Burkhanism, shamanism and other folk spiritual cults and traditions.
758:
Liudmila
Sherstova, it emerged in response to the needs of a new people—the Altai-kizhi or Altaians who sought to distinguish themselves from the neighboring and related tribes and for whom Burkhanism became a religious form of their ethnic identity.
821:
means authority; faith; custom; law or principle; and canon or rules of ensemble. In more colloquial settings, the term may also be used as a "way of doing things" and is used in reference to religions as well as political systems.
891:) into a steppe empire (which in this case never materialized). The Burkhanists' veneration of heroes from oral epics, he says, serves much the same cultural centralizing function as the veneration of other divine heroes such as
1426:
1155:—a spiritual ancestor of several Altaian clans. Originally a proper name, now generalized. Some sources describe Ul'gan as the creator of the universe in Burkhanist theology; this is probably a misunderstanding.
739:, the Burkhanist movement gradually lost most of these qualities—becoming increasingly routine, institutionalized (around a hierarchy of oral epic singers) and accommodating itself to the pre-existing Altaian
1886:
The most detailed account of what happened in Altai in 1904-1905, including the files of the court trial of Chet
Chelpanov and his "colleagues" is only available in Russian. See: Sherstova, Burhanizm,
918:
through his years as a translator in
Mongolia, Tyryi added a number of Buddhist trappings to Burkhanist ritual, such as bells. Within a decade, most of the Altaian population had joined the new faith.
1179:
s, i.e. the "costume-wearing" specialists who communicate with the underworld gods.) Both rejections are likely to have been inspired by oral epic lore, which regularly features shamans as villains.
974:"). Thus, a triune God. Though imported from oral epics, Uch Kurbustan is a generalized spirit rather than a hero of stories with a personality. He may be analogous with the Turko-Mongolian High God
1289:
based on his understanding of the movement. (Note that the painting's title apparently gets the theology backward—it was rather White
Burkhan who was the messenger for Oirat.) Followers of
997:—mythological ancestor of the Western Mongols. A conflation / dim historical memory of a number of real-life Western Mongolian leaders from around the seventeenth century including
1650:
1070:("White Burkhan")—depicted as an old man with white hair, a white coat, and white headgear, who rides a white horse. Possibly analogous to the Mongolian "white old man",
1850:
Sherstova, Burhanism, Chapter 1, 2, 3. Almost three hundred pages of the book leave little doubt about the validity of this conclusion by Sherstova made in 1977-1986.
2087:
1297:
movement founded by the Roerichs, have encouraged a recent revival of interest in Burkhanism among non-Altaians. At the same time they have insisted on a link with
7474:
7323:
1630:
770:
is the usual English-language scholarly name, which has its origin in the Russian academic usage. One of the Burkhanist deities is Ak-Burkhan, or "White Burkhan".
1098:—the goddess of childbirth and children. Other Turkic lore—but not the Altaian—makes her the consort of the High God Tengri, and thus a primordial mother figure.
1269:
Chugul came to be venerated as the main recipient of the original message. This was much less true of Chet, although both were addressed with honorific titles.
1672:
1266:
Some sources speak of a list of "Twenty Commandments" for Burkhanism. The evidence for this is sparse. Alcohol and tobacco were proscribed in the early years.
7747:
855:
1116:
Gods of the "middle world"—i.e. the familiar spheres of nature and human affairs—include numerous local spirits, such as spirits associated with mountains (
8810:
7570:
7585:
884:
1617:
7784:
7767:
7762:
7732:
7375:
3609:
7742:
7298:
3690:
1817:
The detailed account of the events of 1904-1906 is available in Russian. Sherstova (1986, 2010), Бурханизм , Tomsk State University Press. Chapter 2.
7772:
6115:
1171:), its chief. This rejection is closely related to Burkhanism's rejection of Altaian shamanism, and corresponding elevation of oral epic singers (
5964:
907:
817:. Alternatively, the name may also allude to Ak Jang's rejection of animal sacrifices in favor of offerings of horse milk or horse-milk alcohol.
7454:
7021:
1753:
1726:
1421:
937:. This was intended to include not only Altai but also neighboring republics of Tuva and Khakassia. It was forcibly dissolved with arrival of
2177:
1653:. (a reproduction of Sherstova's dissertation from 1986, which was a result of the author's ethnographic expeditions to Altai in 1976-1985).
1533:
8020:
6973:
4326:
746:
On the whole, the Burkhanist movement was shown to be a syncretistic phenomenon combining elements of ancient pre-shamanist, shamanist,
6009:
5936:
3134:
2235:
5814:
2213:
6260:
6100:
5974:
5959:
887:(thesis linked below) sees Burkhanism as a typical nomadic Turko-Mongolian mobilization pattern—aiming to link families and clans (
2088:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060824220524/http://library.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-01192005-154827/unrestricted/tezispdf.pdf
1486:
8815:
3894:
8739:
8496:
6120:
8358:
8070:
7370:
6585:
3604:
1110:, the "Mother of Fire"—worshipped before every sacrifice, but especially during one of the three major Burkhanist festivals
2068:
6703:
5984:
5585:
2091:
858:
compares the Burkanist movement to other indigenous revitalizing movements around the world, such as the Native American
89:
8795:
8343:
7911:
7208:
6913:
6643:
6525:
5979:
4564:
2498:
802:
of deities worshiped by Burkhanists (see list below), but Ak-Burkhan nevertheless provides the name of the religion in
649:
61:
8333:
6963:
5789:
3019:
1692:
1686:
1606:
1225:
Display of white and yellow ribbons or streamers (from trees or strings, or dangling from the back of one's headgear)
108:
8800:
8790:
7016:
4574:
68:
6978:
6873:
5999:
5994:
5950:
5580:
4424:
3668:
2653:
786:
yet Burkhanism is not considered Buddhist, as the term is also used in shamanistic nomenclature. For example, in
8511:
8226:
7955:
7575:
6833:
6658:
5931:
4950:
4891:
4778:
4657:
4589:
2997:
2635:
2554:
964:
figures from Altaian oral epic lore, which were not worshipped in the "shamanic" part of the Altaian religion.
46:
5070:
4945:
1633:[Contemporary Altai Shamanism in the Context of the National Religious Policy of the Altai Republic].
8100:
7933:
6983:
6398:
6135:
5799:
5648:
5570:
4992:
4034:
3567:
2206:
716:
was suspicious of the movement's potential to stir up native unrest and perhaps involve outside powers. The
75:
8805:
8338:
7041:
6843:
4056:
2786:
5080:
970:—"Uch" means "three", while "Kurbustan" comes from the Soghdian "Khormazta" (and thence from the Avestan "
8035:
7979:
7051:
6763:
6758:
6530:
5053:
5014:
4569:
4483:
4051:
2403:
2129:
42:
5085:
5075:
2115:
5829:
5774:
5470:
4210:
3717:
2398:
2340:
352:
317:
57:
3798:
8825:
8734:
8140:
7921:
7723:
7429:
7076:
6865:
6723:
6175:
5063:
4842:
4473:
4103:
3648:
2780:
2532:
2369:
2324:
869:
Znamenski says, the prime motivating factor was Altaians' fear of displacement by Russian colonists,
813:"the White Faith". "White" refers to its emphasis on the upper world in the three-world cosmology of
5181:
2150:
1548:
1057:("pure ancestors"), are considered fragments or emanations of Uch Kurbustan. Burkhanism calls these
8780:
7950:
7811:
7333:
6580:
6540:
6495:
6285:
6275:
6080:
5834:
5659:
5595:
5565:
5455:
5220:
5129:
5097:
5058:
4970:
3867:
3114:
3050:
2520:
2505:
2199:
511:
409:
3557:
8423:
7407:
7365:
7031:
6968:
6918:
6878:
6823:
6458:
6453:
6343:
6290:
6180:
6110:
5906:
5717:
5632:
4837:
4815:
4614:
4436:
3961:
3599:
3526:
3210:
2581:
2381:
2290:
1487:"Contemporary religious life in the Republic of Altai: the interaction of Buddhism and Shamanism"
751:
35:
1681:] (in Russian). Абакан: Изд-во Хакасского государственного университета им. Н. Ф. Катанова.
8642:
8568:
8548:
8418:
8353:
8282:
8050:
7858:
7789:
7693:
7338:
7201:
6898:
6793:
6753:
6733:
6590:
6565:
6470:
6443:
6393:
6363:
6353:
6270:
6235:
6220:
6205:
6160:
6095:
5769:
5700:
5605:
5600:
5341:
5264:
5026:
4908:
4832:
4629:
4619:
4478:
4446:
4384:
4355:
3862:
3857:
3663:
3544:
3504:
3289:
2630:
2625:
2605:
2601:
1631:"Современный алтайский шаманизм в контексте национальной религиозной политики Республики Алтай"
1534:"Power of Myth: Popular ethnonationalism and Nationality Building in Mountain Altai, 1904–1922"
755:
697:
642:
369:
8785:
8311:
8289:
8030:
7708:
7565:
7504:
7424:
7392:
7139:
7084:
7001:
6953:
6928:
6728:
6550:
6545:
6413:
6403:
6225:
5901:
5844:
5664:
5610:
5031:
5009:
4928:
4869:
4535:
3974:
3825:
2977:
2576:
2488:
2137:
1561:"Power for the Powerless: Oirot/Amursana Prophecy in Altai and Western Mongolia, 1890s–1920s"
903:. As such it constitutes a major aspect of Turko-Mongolic religion, distinct from shamanism.
394:
3845:
3793:
1918:
the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
8679:
8408:
8348:
8045:
8025:
7868:
7821:
7752:
7737:
7713:
7698:
7671:
7612:
7129:
7119:
7104:
7011:
6938:
6908:
6883:
6848:
6808:
6803:
6778:
6648:
6570:
6520:
6500:
6490:
6378:
6325:
6300:
6150:
6145:
6125:
6090:
6075:
6019:
5794:
5727:
5695:
5575:
5510:
5376:
5254:
5107:
4987:
4886:
4798:
4766:
4761:
4609:
4341:
3616:
3200:
2960:
2571:
2515:
2466:
2451:
2304:
1415:
934:
926:
732:
450:
384:
3909:
2813:
1620:[Modern Tengriism (as in V. A. Sat's Version of Tengriism in the Altai Republic].
782:
derived from Middle Chinese 佛 (MC bjut, “Buddha”) and Old Turkic 𐰴𐰣 (qan, “ruler, king”)
8:
8744:
8471:
8466:
8413:
8383:
8378:
8262:
7938:
7863:
7826:
7627:
7524:
7308:
7134:
7109:
7089:
7066:
6993:
6943:
6923:
6838:
6828:
6783:
6743:
6698:
6693:
6683:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6653:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6595:
6505:
6480:
6358:
6348:
6310:
6280:
6265:
6250:
6240:
6230:
6195:
6190:
6140:
6085:
6060:
6004:
5861:
5849:
5737:
5732:
5722:
5590:
5391:
5304:
5249:
5225:
5112:
4997:
4955:
4750:
4599:
4227:
4019:
3899:
3685:
3482:
3367:
3295:
3185:
3106:
2933:
2586:
2410:
2256:
1618:"Современное тенгрианство (на примере версии тенгрианства В. А. Сата в Республике Алтай)"
799:
790:, the name of the most sacred mountain, the rumored birthplace and final resting spot of
787:
688:
521:
507:
336:
82:
8820:
8684:
8588:
8403:
8316:
8294:
8177:
8125:
8065:
7960:
7718:
7686:
7676:
7637:
7632:
7602:
7592:
7449:
7114:
7094:
7061:
6958:
6948:
6893:
6888:
6818:
6798:
6788:
6773:
6768:
6748:
6718:
6713:
6688:
6678:
6610:
6575:
6560:
6465:
6438:
6428:
6388:
6373:
6368:
6320:
6315:
6255:
6210:
6170:
6065:
6052:
5839:
5764:
5637:
5460:
5134:
5092:
4933:
4901:
4876:
4803:
4783:
4604:
4552:
4540:
4518:
4110:
4068:
3941:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3577:
3361:
3337:
2716:
2640:
2388:
2334:
2181:
1797:
1747:
1720:
1647:Бурханизм: истоки религии и этноса [Burkhanism: sources of religion and nation]
1473:
892:
4222:
3771:
3389:
3119:
1509:
8304:
8167:
8147:
8055:
7972:
7967:
7943:
7843:
7836:
7804:
7799:
7666:
7661:
7649:
7607:
7469:
7439:
7194:
7171:
7165:
7099:
7056:
7046:
7036:
7026:
6933:
6853:
6813:
6738:
6708:
6600:
6555:
6535:
6510:
6485:
6448:
6433:
6408:
6383:
6295:
6245:
6200:
6185:
6165:
6155:
6130:
6070:
6014:
5779:
5555:
5151:
5122:
5046:
5041:
5002:
4940:
4896:
4881:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4793:
4528:
4414:
4180:
4150:
4130:
3951:
3746:
3727:
3722:
3658:
3621:
3342:
3257:
3180:
3078:
3068:
3036:
3024:
2992:
2969:
2951:
2847:
2702:
2610:
2596:
2559:
2547:
2376:
2295:
2247:
2102:
1682:
1602:
1477:
1453:
635:
460:
8060:
4634:
4232:
3882:
3626:
8726:
8667:
8516:
8501:
8491:
8202:
8172:
8040:
7926:
7916:
7853:
7642:
7619:
7597:
7444:
7318:
7303:
7124:
7006:
6903:
6515:
6475:
6423:
6418:
6335:
6305:
6215:
6105:
5969:
5921:
5916:
5480:
5445:
5418:
5176:
5161:
5036:
4960:
4810:
4788:
4696:
4557:
4336:
4299:
4155:
4140:
4088:
3872:
3852:
3820:
3815:
3786:
3781:
3705:
3695:
3514:
3478:
3470:
3441:
3354:
3274:
3269:
3232:
3222:
3148:
3086:
2928:
2765:
2615:
2273:
2178:"Russia: Now They Came for Ak-Jaŋ. The Destruction of a New-Old Religious Movement"
1598:
1568:
1501:
1465:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1358:
1334:
1298:
1278:
957:
803:
775:
747:
537:
455:
379:
374:
308:
303:
229:
4773:
1161:
Historically, Burkhanism rejected the traditional gods of the underworld, notably
8672:
8620:
8540:
8373:
8244:
8182:
8120:
8075:
7848:
7794:
7779:
7703:
7681:
7654:
7580:
7419:
7412:
7402:
7260:
7221:
7186:
7175:
5804:
5784:
5274:
5166:
5156:
4825:
4493:
4284:
4264:
4195:
4160:
4093:
3803:
3776:
3751:
3700:
3673:
3461:
3404:
3175:
2692:
2493:
2419:
2359:
2314:
2283:
795:
625:
547:
542:
465:
263:
189:
1505:
1124:), or "masters of the game". They may also be associated with particular clans (
414:
8759:
8754:
8716:
8476:
8197:
8157:
8152:
8135:
8130:
7984:
7873:
7499:
5926:
5819:
5759:
5475:
5450:
5235:
5139:
5021:
4965:
4918:
4331:
4279:
4175:
4145:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4098:
3994:
3914:
3887:
3840:
3830:
2864:
2527:
2510:
2329:
2309:
2278:
2072:
1469:
1411:
1347:
1323:
1282:
922:
721:
713:
709:
670:
599:
583:
445:
440:
205:
177:
141:
3877:
3129:
435:
8774:
8637:
8396:
8162:
8115:
7519:
7464:
7459:
7387:
7293:
5854:
5408:
5289:
4681:
4676:
4624:
4461:
4399:
4294:
4185:
4083:
4014:
3946:
3936:
3904:
3835:
3732:
3710:
3638:
3534:
3497:
3416:
3324:
2775:
2726:
2431:
1793:
1071:
998:
896:
870:
740:
346:
8299:
4523:
132:
8749:
8689:
8652:
8553:
8506:
8368:
8321:
8192:
5989:
5891:
5752:
5440:
5435:
5413:
5403:
5284:
4716:
4651:
4594:
4579:
4545:
4170:
4078:
3096:
2987:
2982:
2833:
2803:
2677:
2645:
2393:
2364:
2351:
1024:
900:
878:
791:
717:
701:
430:
259:
217:
155:
4217:
2884:
925:
and other Altaian leaders declared the formation of something called the "
7353:
7238:
5911:
5886:
5710:
5678:
5669:
5615:
5545:
5530:
5423:
5314:
4975:
4923:
4711:
4429:
4409:
4249:
4190:
3928:
3924:
3737:
3247:
3195:
3165:
3002:
2856:
2748:
2672:
2537:
2473:
2424:
1139:
971:
859:
728:
573:
552:
341:
5230:
5171:
4274:
3680:
3509:
3058:
1595:
Contemporary Religious Life of Russia. Systematic description experience
1573:
8711:
8694:
8632:
8481:
8428:
8277:
7529:
7509:
7348:
7248:
5877:
5872:
5747:
5742:
5705:
5683:
5540:
5520:
5515:
5356:
5346:
5309:
4913:
4691:
4639:
4379:
4024:
4004:
3562:
3426:
3190:
3170:
3091:
2743:
2711:
2682:
2461:
2456:
2441:
863:
694:
326:
7360:
4721:
3582:
8662:
8657:
8625:
8608:
8267:
7831:
7484:
7479:
7243:
5824:
5620:
5535:
5525:
5396:
5351:
5336:
5269:
5117:
4584:
4506:
4466:
4456:
4419:
4394:
4374:
4269:
4135:
3989:
3979:
3741:
3589:
3399:
3384:
3349:
3332:
3314:
3227:
3007:
2923:
2902:
2897:
2874:
2869:
2828:
2823:
2760:
2697:
2620:
2591:
2542:
2483:
2436:
1290:
1028:
938:
720:
ultimately suppressed it for fear of its potential to unify Siberian
604:
516:
481:
271:
3279:
2808:
1946:
Sherstova, Burhanism, Tomsk State University Press (2010), Chapter 4
1591:Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания
486:
24:
8593:
8583:
8578:
8363:
7397:
7343:
7328:
7313:
7217:
5627:
5371:
5361:
5216:
4706:
4686:
4513:
4389:
4244:
3808:
3552:
3492:
3411:
3319:
3306:
3284:
3264:
3242:
3237:
3217:
3157:
3124:
3063:
2907:
2892:
2770:
2731:
2687:
2478:
2415:
2319:
2222:
2037:
1294:
1241:—a semiannual (spring and fall) festival dedicated to Uch Kurbustan
1047:, the totemic lupine ancestor recognized by various Turkic peoples.
1011:
915:
874:
848:
814:
736:
620:
239:
193:
2015:
2013:
8563:
8326:
8187:
7489:
7233:
5896:
5500:
5465:
5386:
5299:
5240:
5144:
4847:
4701:
4451:
4404:
4289:
4165:
3984:
3431:
3394:
3205:
2755:
2721:
2564:
2265:
1773:
1771:
1302:
830:
609:
267:
8558:
2163:
1635:Вестник РГГУ. Сер. Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология
1560:
1023:
chieftain who fled Chinese territory for Russian after the 1756
8706:
8647:
8603:
8598:
7816:
7514:
7434:
7382:
5809:
5688:
5673:
5492:
5381:
5366:
5324:
5102:
4980:
4254:
4009:
3999:
3633:
3594:
3436:
3044:
3014:
2738:
2049:
2010:
1020:
976:
844:
705:
578:
491:
389:
287:
4200:
1768:
1228:
Prayer while standing, with hands raised; or with prostrations
404:
8701:
8573:
8486:
5505:
5279:
5259:
5244:
4820:
4646:
4441:
4304:
4259:
4239:
3421:
2818:
2664:
2446:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1207:
1163:
1044:
1016:
840:
399:
1796:[The Altaians should accept Buddhism] (in Russian).
249:
8615:
5430:
5319:
3252:
2191:
1212:
914:, and helped organize the movement. Having been exposed to
557:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1921:
7494:
5329:
5294:
3969:
3328:
2025:
1955:
See Chapter 2 of Sherstova, Burhanism, Tomsk (1986, 2010)
1339:Общественная экологическая организация "Сакральный Алтай"
1143:, suitably adapted for an Altaian national consciousness.
1736:Ургÿлjикти учугы — Алтай Jаҥ (Нить вечности — Алтай Jан)
949:
1977:
1870:
1868:
2234:
1998:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
8234:
7897:
7270:
1908:
Sherstova, Burhanism, Tomsk (1986, 2010), Chapter 2.
1865:
1565:
Millénarismes et innovation rituelle en Asie du Nord
1853:
1527:
Ak Jang in the Context of Altai Religious Tradition
681:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7216:
2069:"CIS & Islam - Johnson's Russia List 11-25-02"
1958:
1832:
1820:
1589:Bourdeaux, Michael; Filatov, Sergei, eds. (2006).
1219:Recitation / composition / patronage of oral epics
167:Chet Chelpan • Chugul Sarok Chandyk
8006:
16:Indigenous religious movement of the Altai people
8772:
2055:
2043:
2019:
1777:
1588:
1414:, a Soviet landscape artist and chairman of the
1305:, elements not found in traditional Burkhanism.
1285:passed through Altai in 1926. Nicholas painted
7202:
2207:
1454:"Altai Burkhanism Faith or a Dream of Faith?"
1333:Sacral Altai public ecological organization (
643:
743:. It exists today in several revival forms.
8811:Religious organizations established in 1904
1992:
1615:
1379:Spiritual center of the Turks "Kin Altai" (
7209:
7195:
2214:
2200:
1752:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1725:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
839:who was actually a real historical figure—
650:
636:
131:
1934:
1874:
1742:] (in Southern Altai). Горно-Алтайск.
1670:
1597:] (in Russian). Vol. 4. Москва:
1572:
1558:
1531:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
4749:
1899:Sherstova, Burhanism, Tomsk (1986, 2010)
1788:
1786:
1733:
1458:Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia
1374:Духовно-оздоровительный центр "Ак Санаа"
1368:Spiritual and Health center "Ak Sanaa" (
1192:) for blessing, purification, or healing
948:
829:
8099:
6041:
2031:
2004:
1859:
1838:
1826:
1706:
1679:Burkhanism of the Turks of Sayano-Altai
1484:
1451:
881:on the same basis as Russian peasants.
8773:
1971:
1713:Fundamentals of the Altaian Philosophy
1628:
1405:
954:Oirat – Messenger of the White Burkhan
933:), with the object of establishing an
931:Karakorum-Altaiskaia Okruzhnaia Uprava
762:
8740:Christianization of saints and feasts
8497:European Congress of Ethnic Religions
8451:
8242:
8098:
8005:
7896:
7550:
7278:
7190:
6040:
5198:
4748:
2233:
2195:
1783:
1416:Karakorum-Altaian Regional Government
927:Karakorum-Altaian Regional Government
906:After the arrest of Chet and Chugul,
809:The Altaian name for the religion is
754:beliefs. According to a professor of
2130:"Бурханизм: истоки этноса и религии"
1440:
1401:Buddhist communion—Ak Burkhan (1991)
1316:
1287:Oirat—Messenger of the White Burkhan
172:Regions with significant populations
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1431:(1938–2020), a poet and translator.
1272:
910:arose to become the most prominent
13:
6010:Religions and spiritual traditions
2236:Religious groups and denominations
1794:"Алтайцам следует принять буддизм"
1664:
1203:), with candles and milk-offerings
1137:, the "Master of Altai"—a sort of
1128:). More generalized ones include:
806:, and hence into other languages.
14:
8837:
2171:
1385:Духовный центр тюрков "Кин Алтай"
693:'the White Faith') is an
7898:Middle-Eastern and North African
7170:
7161:
7160:
6974:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
6116:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2071:. April 27, 2005. Archived from
1053:The gods of the upper world, or
1043:("Wolf")—the Altaian version of
825:
712:between 1904 and the 1930s. The
619:
248:
23:
5581:Evolutionary origin of religion
2157:
2122:
2079:
2061:
1949:
1940:
1911:
1902:
1893:
34:needs additional citations for
8512:Polytheistic reconstructionism
5932:Separation of church and state
4590:Polytheistic reconstructionism
1880:
1844:
1811:
1616:Khvastunova, Julia V. (2018).
1357:Soul Ecology School "Tengri" (
1251:—a fall festival dedicated to
1222:Divination and weather-control
1175:). (By "shaman" is here meant
798:. Ak-Burkhan is only one of a
1:
8816:Society of the Russian Empire
8007:Oceanian and Pacific Islander
3568:Traditional Sabahan religions
1761:
1740:Thread of Eternity—Altai Jang
1734:Tyrysova, Zinaida T. (2008).
1671:Butanayev, Victor Y. (2003).
1559:Znamenski, Andrei A. (2014).
1352:Алтай Jаҥ Ак Jаҥ (Jаҥы Алтай)
984:from Altaian oral epic lore:
834:Chet Chelpan and his wife Kul
7551:
2221:
2056:Bourdeaux & Filatov 2006
2044:Bourdeaux & Filatov 2006
2020:Bourdeaux & Filatov 2006
1778:Bourdeaux & Filatov 2006
1707:Shodoev, Nikolai A. (2010).
1674:Бурханизм тюрков Саяно-Алтая
1656:Sherstova, Lyudmila (1997).
1651:Tomsk State University Press
1645:Sherstova, Lyudmila (2010).
1396:Тенгрианство — Небесная Вера
1363:Школа экологии души "Тенгри"
1182:
724:under a common nationalism.
682:
7:
5790:National religiosity levels
5015:Nauruan Indigenous religion
4570:Hellenism (modern religion)
1521:What Was and Is Burkhanism?
1506:10.1080/1361736042000245295
1485:Halemba, Agnieszka (2003).
1074:. A symbol of good fortune.
10:
8842:
8243:
5199:
1715:] (in Russian). Бийск.
1709:Основы алтайской философии
1532:Znamenski, Andrei (2005).
1470:10.2753/AAE1061-1959390476
1435:
1351:
1327:
1301:and a veneration of Mount
1231:Celebration of festivals:
944:
935:"Karakorum-Altai Republic"
752:Eastern Orthodox Christian
700:that flourished among the
674:
8796:Modern paganism in Russia
8735:Christianity and paganism
8725:
8539:
8462:
8458:
8452:
8447:
8255:
8251:
8238:
8225:
8111:
8107:
8094:
8016:
8012:
8001:
7907:
7903:
7892:
7561:
7557:
7546:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7274:
7257:
7229:
7156:
7075:
6992:
6864:
6609:
6334:
6051:
6047:
6036:
5945:
5870:
5646:
5554:
5491:
5209:
5205:
5194:
4757:
4744:
4669:
4492:
4474:Transcendental Meditation
4367:
4354:
4319:
4067:
4044:
4033:
3960:
3923:
3647:
3543:
3525:
3469:
3460:
3377:
3305:
3156:
3147:
3105:
3077:
3035:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2916:
2883:
2855:
2846:
2796:
2663:
2350:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2229:
1629:Knorre, Boris K. (2016).
1395:
1390:Tengrism—Heavenly Faith (
1384:
1373:
1362:
1346:Altai Faith White Faith (
1338:
216:
211:
204:
199:
188:
183:
176:
171:
166:
161:
153:
148:
130:
6101:Central African Republic
3115:Vietnamese folk religion
2506:Charismatic Christianity
1890:(1986, 2010). Chapter 2.
1624:(in Russian) (5): 33–43.
1622:Colloquium Heptaploremes
1452:Filatov, Sergei (2001).
1195:Home or hilltop altars (
512:Bain Tsokto inscriptions
410:Vietnamese folk religion
8801:New religious movements
8791:Modern pagan traditions
5995:New religious movements
5633:Theories about religion
5586:Evolutionary psychology
4615:Modern Finnish paganism
2582:Independent Catholicism
1547:: 44–47. Archived from
8643:Religion and mythology
8569:Dying and rising deity
8549:Veneration of the dead
8283:Native American Church
6644:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4630:Erzyan native religion
4479:Unitarian Universalism
3858:Native American Church
2626:Oneness Pentecostalism
2145:Cite journal requires
960:
923:Gregorii Choros-Gurkin
835:
756:Tomsk State University
698:new religious movement
370:Hungarian Native Faith
6964:Saint Kitts and Nevis
6261:São Tomé and Príncipe
6121:Republic of the Congo
4327:Aboriginal Australian
2978:Chinese folk religion
1541:Acta Slavica Iaponica
952:
833:
395:Chinese folk religion
296:Other deities/spirits
212:Related ethnic groups
7912:Ancient Near Eastern
7699:Hellenistic religion
6586:United Arab Emirates
5377:Religious experience
4751:Historical religions
3135:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
2467:Schwenkfelder Church
1525:Vinogradov, Andrei.
1260:—dedicated to Ot-Ene
873:, and subjection to
778:version of the name
451:Mongush Kenin-Lopsan
43:improve this article
8806:Religion in Siberia
8745:Constantinian shift
8467:Neopagan witchcraft
8101:Sub-Saharan African
6979:Trinidad and Tobago
6874:Antigua and Barbuda
6042:Religion by country
5103:Cult of Magna Mater
3605:Philippine Dayawism
3186:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2934:Chinese Manichaeism
2606:Jehovah's Witnesses
2411:Proto-Protestantism
2097:on August 24, 2006.
1658:Тайна долины Теренг
1574:10.4000/emscat.2444
1406:Notable Burkhanists
856:Andrei A. Znamenski
788:Mongolian shamanism
763:Origins of the name
626:Religion portal
592:Related conceptions
337:Mongolian Tengerism
127:
8685:Trees in mythology
8680:Supernatural magic
8589:Magic and religion
6914:Dominican Republic
5960:Abrahamic prophets
5054:Proto-Indo-Iranian
3578:Aliran Kepercayaan
2781:Non-denominational
2703:Modernist Salafism
2389:Oriental Orthodoxy
2182:Massimo Introvigne
2086:. August 24, 2006
2075:on April 27, 2005.
2046:, p. 105–106.
2034:, pp. 175–76.
1061:. Among them are:
961:
862:or the Melanesian
836:
385:Siberian shamanism
192: •
121:
8768:
8767:
8533:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8443:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8219:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8090:
8089:
8086:
8085:
7997:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7888:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7837:Mysteries of Isis
7542:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7184:
7183:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7147:
6136:Equatorial Guinea
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
5571:Cognitive science
5190:
5189:
5123:Mysteries of Isis
4897:Frankish paganism
4740:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4484:White Brotherhood
4350:
4349:
4315:
4314:
3639:Sundanese Wiwitan
3456:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3181:Brahma Sampradaya
3143:
3142:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2924:Assianism/Uatsdin
2842:
2841:
2611:British Israelism
2597:Nontrinitarianism
2560:Plymouth Brethren
2555:Nondenominational
2489:Congregationalism
2377:Eastern Orthodoxy
2325:Reconstructionist
2132:. April 15, 2010.
2110:Missing or empty
1937:, pp. 44–47.
1441:Secondary sources
1317:List of movements
1188:Burning juniper (
885:Andrei Vinogradov
692:
680:
660:
659:
461:Olzhas Suleimenov
362:Related movements
275:
223:
222:
126:
119:
118:
111:
93:
8833:
8826:Turkic mythology
8727:Christianization
8517:Secular paganism
8502:Goddess movement
8472:Cochrane's Craft
8460:
8459:
8449:
8448:
8253:
8252:
8240:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8109:
8108:
8096:
8095:
8014:
8013:
8003:
8002:
7905:
7904:
7894:
7893:
7709:Sacred mysteries
7559:
7558:
7548:
7547:
7287:
7286:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7261:ethnic religions
7211:
7204:
7197:
7188:
7187:
7174:
7164:
7163:
7042:Papua New Guinea
7017:Marshall Islands
6844:Northern Ireland
6049:
6048:
6038:
6037:
5922:Secular theology
5917:Secular humanism
5207:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5071:Ancestral Pueblo
4746:
4745:
4365:
4364:
4042:
4041:
3467:
3466:
3223:Shaiva Siddhanta
3154:
3153:
3087:Korean shamanism
2966:
2965:
2957:
2956:
2853:
2852:
2766:Mahdawi movement
2636:Swedenborgianism
2616:Christadelphians
2262:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2230:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2188:(April 23, 2024)
2165:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2090:. Archived from
2083:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1993:Khvastunova 2018
1990:
1975:
1969:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1781:
1775:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1730:
1724:
1716:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1691:. Archived from
1660:. Gorno-Altaysk.
1642:
1625:
1612:
1599:Keston Institute
1578:
1576:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1519:Johnson, David.
1516:
1514:
1508:. Archived from
1491:
1481:
1430:
1397:
1386:
1375:
1364:
1353:
1340:
1329:
1299:Tibetan Buddhism
1279:Nicholas Roerich
1277:Russian painter
1273:Burkhanism today
958:Nicholas Roerich
748:Tibetan Buddhist
687:
685:
679:romanized:
678:
676:
652:
645:
638:
624:
623:
579:Tangra Mountains
456:Dastan Sarygulov
380:Manchu shamanism
375:Korean shamanism
257:
252:
242:
232:
225:
224:
149:Total population
135:
128:
124:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
8841:
8840:
8836:
8835:
8834:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8781:Altai Mountains
8771:
8770:
8769:
8764:
8721:
8621:Myth and ritual
8541:Myth and ritual
8535:
8534:
8521:
8454:
8435:
8388:Turko-Mongolic
8247:
8228:
8221:
8220:
8207:
8103:
8082:
8008:
7989:
7899:
7880:
7553:
7534:
7403:Hindu mythology
7281:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7225:
7222:modern paganism
7215:
7185:
7180:
7144:
7071:
7052:Solomon Islands
6988:
6860:
6764:North Macedonia
6605:
6330:
6043:
6024:
5985:Mass gatherings
5953:
5948:
5941:
5880:
5875:
5866:
5805:Religiocentrism
5785:National church
5653:
5650:
5642:
5557:
5550:
5487:
5409:Bodies of water
5201:
5186:
4971:Jamaican Maroon
4753:
4728:
4665:
4495:
4488:
4359:
4357:
4346:
4311:
4285:Trinidad Orisha
4070:
4063:
4036:
4029:
3956:
3919:
3895:Washat Dreamers
3650:
3643:
3539:
3521:
3448:
3422:Srilankan Vedda
3373:
3301:
3176:Sri Vaishnavism
3139:
3101:
3073:
3031:
2938:
2912:
2879:
2838:
2792:
2717:Twelver Shi'ism
2659:
2521:Neo-charismatic
2494:Presbyterianism
2346:
2238:
2225:
2220:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1978:
1970:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1745:
1744:
1718:
1717:
1698:
1696:
1689:
1667:
1665:Primary sources
1609:
1551:
1536:
1512:
1489:
1443:
1438:
1424:
1408:
1319:
1275:
1185:
1027:destruction of
947:
941:power in 1922.
828:
796:Burkhan Khaldun
765:
656:
618:
548:Jengish Chokusu
543:Burkhan Khaldun
466:Galsan Tschinag
264:Eurasian Steppe
240:
230:
190:Ethnic religion
144:
123:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8839:
8829:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8760:Virtuous pagan
8757:
8755:Religio licita
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8731:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8717:Animal worship
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8698:
8697:
8692:
8682:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8623:
8613:
8612:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8545:
8543:
8537:
8536:
8531:
8530:
8527:
8526:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8477:Feri Tradition
8474:
8469:
8463:
8456:
8455:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8433:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8394:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8330:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8309:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8292:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8256:
8249:
8248:
8233:
8231:
8223:
8222:
8217:
8216:
8213:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8118:
8112:
8105:
8104:
8092:
8091:
8088:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8017:
8010:
8009:
7999:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7931:
7930:
7929:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7901:
7900:
7890:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7878:
7877:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7809:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7730:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7706:
7701:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7664:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7622:
7617:
7616:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7595:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7568:
7562:
7555:
7554:
7544:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7533:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7475:Tibeto-Burmese
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7290:
7283:
7282:
7269:
7267:
7264:(existing and
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7214:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7191:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7168:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7081:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6834:United Kingdom
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6340:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6055:
6045:
6044:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5956:
5954:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5927:Secularization
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5907:Deconstruction
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5760:Fundamentalism
5757:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5667:
5662:
5656:
5654:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5238:
5236:Call to prayer
5233:
5228:
5223:
5221:Disaffiliation
5213:
5211:
5203:
5202:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4919:Greco-Buddhism
4916:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4500:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4362:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4280:Tambor de Mina
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4057:Guanche church
4048:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3962:Tibeto-Burmese
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3875:
3870:
3868:Nuu-chah-nulth
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3777:Muscogee Creek
3774:
3769:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3634:Sumbese Marapu
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3555:
3553:Batak Parmalim
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Ilm-e-Khshnoom
2861:
2859:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:Bible Students
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2572:Restorationism
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Evangelicalism
2525:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2173:
2172:External links
2170:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2147:|journal=
2121:
2078:
2060:
2058:, p. 112.
2048:
2036:
2024:
2022:, p. 106.
2009:
2007:, p. 176.
1997:
1976:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1935:Znamenski 2005
1920:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1879:
1875:Znamenski 2014
1864:
1852:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1810:
1782:
1780:, p. 105.
1766:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1731:
1704:
1687:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1643:
1637:(in Russian).
1626:
1613:
1607:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1556:
1554:on 2019-08-02.
1529:
1523:
1517:
1515:on 2005-05-10.
1482:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1419:
1412:Grigory Gurkin
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1377:
1366:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1318:
1315:
1283:Helena Roerich
1274:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1242:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1204:
1193:
1184:
1181:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1120:) or springs (
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
946:
943:
827:
824:
764:
761:
722:Turkic peoples
714:Russian Empire
710:Altai Republic
658:
657:
655:
654:
647:
640:
632:
629:
628:
615:
614:
613:
612:
607:
602:
600:Heaven worship
594:
593:
589:
588:
587:
586:
584:Tengger Desert
581:
576:
568:
567:
563:
562:
561:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
532:
531:
527:
526:
525:
524:
519:
514:
502:
501:
497:
496:
495:
494:
489:
484:
476:
475:
471:
470:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
446:Grigory Gurkin
443:
441:Shagdaryn Bira
438:
433:
425:
424:
420:
419:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
364:
363:
359:
358:
357:
356:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
321:
320:
314:
313:
312:
311:
306:
298:
297:
293:
292:
291:
290:
282:
281:
277:
276:
254:
253:
245:
244:
236:
235:
221:
220:
214:
213:
209:
208:
202:
201:
197:
196:
186:
185:
181:
180:
178:Altai Republic
174:
173:
169:
168:
164:
163:
159:
158:
151:
150:
146:
145:
142:Grigory Gurkin
136:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8838:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8728:
8724:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8638:Reincarnation
8636:
8634:
8631:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8617:
8614:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8464:
8461:
8457:
8450:
8446:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8406:
8405:
8402:
8398:
8397:Vattisen Yaly
8395:
8393:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8313:
8310:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8241:
8237:
8232:
8230:
8224:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8097:
8093:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8051:Cook Islander
8049:
8048:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8011:
8004:
8000:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7966:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7895:
7891:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7859:Baltic Finnic
7857:
7856:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7827:Imperial cult
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7810:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7560:
7556:
7549:
7545:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7388:Sunda Wiwitan
7386:
7384:
7381:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7324:Austroasiatic
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7288:
7284:
7277:
7273:
7268:
7262:
7256:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7223:
7219:
7212:
7207:
7205:
7200:
7198:
7193:
7192:
7189:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7167:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7077:South America
7074:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6984:United States
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6866:North America
6863:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6724:Liechtenstein
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6176:Guinea-Bissau
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6039:
6035:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
6000:Organizations
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:Vegetarianism
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5775:Homosexuality
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Neurotheology
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Folk religion
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5197:
5193:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Imperial cult
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4743:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4682:Discordianism
4680:
4678:
4677:Anthroposophy
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:Mari religion
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Neo-Theosophy
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:New Acropolis
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4353:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:North African
4043:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Kwakwakaʼwakw
3797:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3527:Austroasiatic
3524:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3498:Vattisen Yaly
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Kirat Mundhum
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:Milah Abraham
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:Protestantism
2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2187:
2186:Bitter Winter
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2117:
2104:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1695:on 2014-06-26
1694:
1690:
1688:5-7810-0226-X
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:(21): 89–114.
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1608:5-98704-057-4
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1500:(2): 165–82.
1499:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1322:Altai Faith (
1321:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:and his wife
1280:
1270:
1267:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1249:Jajyk Choktor
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:Tsagan Ebugen
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:—a legendary
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:Galdan Tseren
996:
992:
989:
988:
987:
986:
985:
981:
979:
978:
973:
969:
968:Uch Kurbustan
965:
959:
955:
951:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
908:Tyryi Akemchi
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
880:
876:
872:
871:Russification
867:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
832:
826:Early history
823:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
760:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
741:folk religion
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:
690:
684:
672:
668:
664:
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
634:
633:
631:
630:
627:
622:
617:
616:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
596:
595:
591:
590:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
570:
569:
565:
564:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
533:
529:
528:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
509:
506:
505:
504:
503:
499:
498:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
477:
473:
472:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
427:
426:
422:
421:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:
361:
360:
355:
354:
350:
348:
347:Vattisen Yaly
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
322:
319:
316:
315:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
295:
294:
289:
286:
285:
284:
283:
280:Supreme deity
279:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:Central Asian
256:
255:
251:
247:
246:
243:
238:
237:
233:
227:
226:
219:
215:
210:
207:
203:
198:
195:
191:
187:
182:
179:
175:
170:
165:
160:
157:
154:up to 81% of
152:
147:
143:
139:
134:
129:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
8786:Altai people
8750:Neoplatonism
8690:Tree of life
8653:Sacred grove
8554:Bear worship
8507:Neoshamanism
8391:
8369:Zalmoxianism
8322:Adyghe Habze
8227:Modern pagan
7934:Mesopotamian
7790:Paleo-Balkan
7724:Samothracian
7603:Old Prussian
7500:Bongthingism
6581:Turkmenistan
6541:Saudi Arabia
6286:South Africa
6276:Sierra Leone
6081:Burkina Faso
5990:Names of God
5937:Unaffiliated
5892:Antireligion
5753:Universalism
5701:Assimilation
5566:Anthropology
5441:Supernatural
5436:Spirituality
5404:Sacred space
5392:Purification
5265:Denomination
5219: /
5027:Paleo-Balkan
4993:Mesopotamian
4833:Cook Islands
4804:Old Prussian
4717:UFO religion
4656:
4652:Zalmoxianism
4580:Neoshamanism
4437:Spiritualism
4320:Other ethnic
4209:
4035:Traditional
3995:Bongthingism
3883:Acoma Pueblo
3826:Mesoamerican
3545:Austronesian
3487:
3366:
3362:Neo-Buddhism
3294:
3290:Neo-Hinduism
3211:Swaminarayan
3049:
2998:Salvationist
2983:Confucianism
2834:Samaritanism
2804:Ali-Illahism
2785:
2652:
2646:Unitarianism
2587:Old Catholic
2394:Nestorianism
2352:Christianity
2339:
2305:Conservative
2185:
2159:
2138:cite journal
2124:
2112:|title=
2092:the original
2081:
2073:the original
2063:
2051:
2039:
2032:Halemba 2003
2027:
2005:Halemba 2003
2000:
1951:
1942:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1862:, p. 4.
1860:Halemba 2003
1855:
1846:
1839:Halemba 2003
1834:
1827:Filatov 2001
1822:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1800:. 2015-09-20
1739:
1735:
1712:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1678:
1673:
1657:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1621:
1594:
1590:
1564:
1549:the original
1544:
1540:
1526:
1520:
1510:the original
1497:
1493:
1464:(4): 76–91.
1461:
1457:
1422:Paslei Samyk
1311:
1307:
1286:
1276:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1234:
1211:
1206:Erecting of
1200:
1196:
1189:
1177:manjaktu kam
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1040:
1010:
995:Galden-Oirat
994:
990:
982:
980:("Heaven").
975:
967:
966:
962:
953:
930:
920:
911:
905:
901:Genghis Khan
888:
883:
879:conscription
868:
853:
837:
818:
810:
808:
792:Genghis Khan
783:
779:
771:
767:
766:
745:
726:
718:Soviet Union
702:Altai people
666:
662:
661:
431:Askar Akayev
351:
331:
137:
105:
99:January 2008
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Burkhanism"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
8359:Italo-Roman
8263:Ausar Auset
8031:Micronesian
7822:Gallo-Roman
7672:Anglo-Saxon
7470:Satsana Phi
7354:Momolianism
7258:Historical
7239:Panentheism
7032:New Zealand
6969:Saint Lucia
6919:El Salvador
6824:Switzerland
6759:Netherlands
6531:Philippines
6459:South Korea
6454:North Korea
6344:Afghanistan
6291:South Sudan
6181:Ivory Coast
5965:Deification
5912:Objectivism
5887:Agnosticism
5845:Persecution
5835:Video games
5800:Populations
5711:Proselytism
5679:Monasticism
5670:Clericalism
5660:Agriculture
5651:and society
5616:Soteriology
5576:Comparative
5546:Transtheism
5531:Panentheism
5315:Monasticism
5108:Gallo-Roman
5010:Micronesian
4976:Manichaeism
4924:Hermeticism
4892:Continental
4887:Anglo-Saxon
4767:Paleolithic
4762:Prehistoric
4712:Scientology
4575:Italo-Roman
4430:Radha Soami
4410:New Thought
4250:Espiritismo
4191:Waaqeffanna
4131:Fon and Ewe
4069:Sub-Saharan
3952:Satsana Phi
3738:Ghost Dance
3691:Californian
3669:Anishinaabe
3595:Karo Pemena
3574:Indonesian
3248:Lingayatism
3196:Mahanubhava
3166:Vaishnavism
3097:Jeungsanism
3020:Folk Taoism
3003:Xiantiandao
2857:Zoroastrian
2516:Charismatic
2511:Pentecostal
2474:Anglicanism
2425:Waldensians
2360:Catholicism
1972:Knorre 2016
1425: [
1140:genius loci
972:Ahura Mazda
860:Ghost Dance
854:Researcher
733:charismatic
729:millenarian
727:Originally
574:Khan Tengri
553:Otgontenger
530:Holy places
436:Nihal Atsız
342:Tengir Ordo
266:and partly
8775:Categories
8712:Witchcraft
8695:World tree
8633:Orthopraxy
8482:Stregheria
8429:Udmurt Vos
8392:Burkhanism
8300:Dievturība
8278:Mexicayotl
8046:Polynesian
8026:Melanesian
8021:Australian
7939:Babylonian
7753:Lusitanian
7748:Gallaecian
7738:Cantabrian
7714:Eleusinian
7628:Circassian
7624:Caucasian
7613:Lithuanian
7530:Sanamahism
7510:Donyi-Polo
7371:Philippine
7349:Kaharingan
7334:Vietnamese
7249:Polytheism
7022:Micronesia
6899:Costa Rica
6794:San Marino
6754:Montenegro
6734:Luxembourg
6591:Uzbekistan
6566:Tajikistan
6471:Kyrgyzstan
6444:Kazakhstan
6394:East Timor
6364:Bangladesh
6354:Azerbaijan
6271:Seychelles
6236:Mozambique
6221:Mauritania
6206:Madagascar
6096:Cape Verde
5878:irreligion
5873:Secularism
5780:Minorities
5748:Toleration
5743:Syncretism
5728:Fanaticism
5718:Disability
5706:Missionary
5696:Conversion
5684:Ordination
5606:Psychology
5601:Philosophy
5541:Polytheism
5521:Monotheism
5516:Henotheism
5357:Orthopraxy
5347:Ordination
5310:Meditation
5305:Indigenous
5270:Entheogens
5255:Conversion
5081:Pueblo III
4998:Babylonian
4988:Melanesian
4914:Gnosticism
4799:Lithuanian
4692:Fourth Way
4546:Circassian
4524:Dievturība
4447:Tensegrity
4380:Falun Gong
4025:Sanamahism
4005:Donyi-Polo
3617:Polynesian
3563:Kaharingan
3488:Burkhanism
3427:Ravidassia
3405:Śvetāmbara
3191:Pushtimarg
3171:Krishnaism
3107:Vietnamese
3092:Cheondoism
3025:Yao Taoism
2961:East Asian
2727:Isma'ilism
2683:Maturidism
2462:Mennonites
2457:Hutterites
2442:Anabaptism
2335:Humanistic
1804:2021-10-23
1762:References
1699:2020-05-11
1583:in Russian
1446:in English
1135:Altai-eezi
1118:taika-eezi
1068:Ak-Burkhan
864:Cargo Cult
794:, is also
768:Burkhanism
695:indigenist
663:Burkhanism
500:Scriptures
332:Burkhanism
327:Aiyy Faith
272:East Asian
140:(1912) by
138:Khan-Altai
122:Burkhanism
69:newspapers
8821:Tengriism
8663:Sacrifice
8658:Holy well
8626:Mythology
8609:Stone row
8419:Hungarian
8349:Hellenism
8344:Heathenry
8312:Caucasian
8274:American
8268:Godianism
8229:movements
7961:Canaanite
7864:Hungarian
7832:Mithraism
7763:Camunnian
7704:Hero cult
7571:Anatolian
7485:Benzhuism
7480:Bathouism
7408:Dravidian
7339:Indonesia
7309:Mongolian
7244:Pantheism
7140:Venezuela
7085:Argentina
7002:Australia
6954:Nicaragua
6929:Guatemala
6729:Lithuania
6551:Sri Lanka
6546:Singapore
6526:Palestine
6414:Indonesia
6404:Hong Kong
6226:Mauritius
5947:Overviews
5902:Criticism
5850:Terrorism
5825:Theocracy
5770:Happiness
5738:Pluralism
5723:Education
5649:Religion
5621:Salvation
5611:Sociology
5556:Religious
5536:Pantheism
5526:Nontheism
5419:Mountains
5397:Sacrifice
5352:Orthodoxy
5342:Mythology
5337:Mysticism
5226:Behaviour
5135:Canaanite
5118:Mithraism
5086:Pueblo IV
5076:Pueblo II
4981:Mazdakism
4956:Hungarian
4929:Mysteries
4838:Dravidian
4620:Hungarian
4536:Caucasian
4507:Godianism
4467:Agni Yoga
4457:Theosophy
4420:Rastafari
4395:Modekngei
4375:Brahmoism
4368:Syncretic
4360:movements
4358:religious
4270:Quimbanda
4218:Candomblé
4211:Diasporic
3990:Bathouism
3980:Benzhuism
3900:Tsimshian
3846:Purépecha
3767:Longhouse
3742:Sun Dance
3686:Blackfoot
3600:Malaysian
3590:Kapitayan
3400:Digambara
3385:Ayyavazhi
3350:Vajrayana
3315:Theravada
3228:Ganapatya
3201:Ramanandi
3130:Hoahaoism
3008:Yiguandao
2903:Yarsanism
2898:Shabakism
2885:Yazdânism
2875:Zurvanism
2870:Mazdaznan
2829:Rastafari
2824:Mandaeism
2698:Wahhabism
2678:Ash'arism
2641:Tolstoyan
2631:Spiritual
2621:Mormonism
2592:Judaizers
2565:Quakerism
2543:Methodist
2533:Irvingism
2484:Calvinism
2437:Adventism
2420:Moravians
2257:Abrahamic
1748:cite book
1721:cite book
1601:; Логос.
1478:161965566
1328:Алтай Jаҥ
1291:Agni Yoga
1183:Practices
1173:yarlikchi
1029:Dzungaria
939:Bolshevik
912:iarlikchi
776:Turkified
735:and anti-
605:Sky deity
517:Irk Bitig
318:Movements
200:Languages
184:Religions
8594:Megalith
8584:Idolatry
8579:Folklore
8409:Estonian
8364:Kemetism
8339:Canarian
8290:Armenian
8259:African
8178:Malagasy
8148:Dahomean
8126:Bushongo
8071:Tahitian
8066:Rapa Nui
8056:Hawaiian
7944:Sumerian
7922:Egyptian
7844:Scythian
7805:Thracian
7800:Illyrian
7768:Ligurian
7677:Frankish
7667:Germanic
7662:Etruscan
7638:Ossetian
7633:Georgian
7593:Armenian
7586:Phrygian
7566:Albanian
7552:European
7520:Kiratism
7440:Ryukyuan
7398:Hinduism
7344:Parmalim
7329:Sarnaism
7314:Tengrism
7266:extinct)
7218:Paganism
7166:Category
7130:Suriname
7120:Paraguay
7105:Colombia
7012:Kiribati
6939:Honduras
6909:Dominica
6884:Barbados
6849:Scotland
6809:Slovenia
6804:Slovakia
6779:Portugal
6649:Bulgaria
6571:Thailand
6521:Pakistan
6501:Mongolia
6496:Maldives
6491:Malaysia
6379:Cambodia
6326:Zimbabwe
6301:Tanzania
6151:Ethiopia
6146:Eswatini
6126:Djibouti
6091:Cameroon
6076:Botswana
6020:Timeline
6015:Scholars
5975:Founders
5840:Violence
5795:Politics
5665:Business
5628:Theology
5372:Prophecy
5362:Paganism
5250:Covenant
5217:Apostasy
5152:Scythian
5093:Rapa Nui
5047:Thracian
5042:Illyrian
5032:Albanian
5003:Sumerian
4946:Harappan
4882:Germanic
4877:Georgian
4870:Selk'nam
4855:Etruscan
4843:Egyptian
4821:Druidism
4784:Armenian
4707:Satanism
4687:Eckankar
4610:Estonian
4595:Romanian
4585:Ossetian
4565:Germanic
4514:Armenian
4503:African
4496:paganism
4425:Sant Mat
4415:Rajneesh
4390:Meivazhi
4385:Japanese
4342:Siberian
4275:Santería
4245:Convince
4111:Bushongo
4015:Kiratism
3942:Hmongism
3809:Wocekiye
3794:Jivaroan
3762:Iroquois
3757:Ho-Chunk
3718:Cherokee
3651:American
3622:Hawaiian
3535:Sarnaism
3505:Tungusic
3493:Tengrism
3483:Mongolic
3412:Sarnaism
3343:Nichiren
3320:Mahayana
3307:Buddhism
3285:Sant Mat
3275:Sauraism
3270:Smartism
3265:Shaktism
3258:Balinese
3243:Kaumaram
3238:Kapalika
3233:Kashmiri
3218:Shaivism
3158:Hinduism
3125:Caodaism
3069:Ryukyuan
3064:Tenrikyo
3059:Shugendō
3037:Japanese
2908:Yazidism
2893:Ishikism
2771:Quranism
2744:Khawarij
2693:Salafism
2688:Atharism
2577:Esoteric
2548:Holiness
2538:Lutheran
2499:Reformed
2479:Baptists
2452:Brethren
2416:Hussites
2404:Assyrian
2320:Haymanot
2274:Orthodox
2223:Religion
2103:cite web
1494:Sibirica
1398:) (2010)
1387:) (2005)
1365:) (1995)
1354:) (2004)
1341:) (2016)
1295:esoteric
1258:Ot Takyr
1059:Burkhans
1012:Amursana
921:In 1918
916:Buddhism
875:taxation
849:Amursana
815:Tengrism
800:pantheon
780:Buddha —
737:shamanic
566:Toponyms
415:Ông Trời
309:Mongolic
274:religion
268:Siberian
241:Tengrism
231:a series
228:Part of
218:Altaians
194:Tengrism
8564:Tumulus
8492:Druidry
8424:Mordvin
8414:Finnish
8379:Semitic
8327:Uatsdin
8188:Odinani
8168:Lugbara
8036:Nauruan
7973:Persian
7968:Iranian
7956:Arabian
7951:Semitic
7917:Hurrian
7785:Nuragic
7773:Umbrian
7759:Italic
7733:Iberian
7643:Vainakh
7608:Latvian
7576:Hittite
7505:Burmese
7490:Bimoism
7425:Punjabi
7393:Chinese
7376:Tagalog
7361:Kejawèn
7234:Animism
7135:Uruguay
7110:Ecuador
7090:Bolivia
7067:Vanuatu
6994:Oceania
6944:Jamaica
6924:Grenada
6879:Bahamas
6839:England
6829:Ukraine
6784:Romania
6744:Moldova
6704:Ireland
6699:Iceland
6694:Hungary
6684:Germany
6674:Finland
6669:Estonia
6664:Denmark
6659:Czechia
6654:Croatia
6639:Belgium
6634:Belarus
6629:Austria
6624:Andorra
6619:Albania
6596:Vietnam
6506:Myanmar
6481:Lebanon
6399:Georgia
6359:Bahrain
6349:Armenia
6311:Tunisia
6281:Somalia
6266:Senegal
6251:Nigeria
6241:Namibia
6231:Morocco
6196:Liberia
6191:Lesotho
6141:Eritrea
6111:Comoros
6086:Burundi
6061:Algeria
6005:Outline
5970:Deities
5897:Atheism
5815:Science
5733:Freedom
5591:History
5558:studies
5511:Dualism
5501:Animism
5466:Worship
5446:Symbols
5387:Liturgy
5300:Goddess
5260:Deities
5241:Laicism
5231:Beliefs
5210:Aspects
5182:Zapotec
5177:Vainakh
5145:Yahwism
5130:Semitic
5059:Iranian
4961:Hurrian
4951:Hittite
4941:Guanche
4934:Orphism
4865:Fuegian
4860:Finnish
4848:Atenism
4794:Latvian
4779:Arabian
4722:Raëlism
4702:Jediism
4697:Goddess
4670:De novo
4558:Druidry
4452:Thelema
4405:New Age
4290:Umbanda
4181:Tumbuka
4166:Odinala
4151:Lugbara
4071:African
4037:African
3985:Bimoism
3975:Burmese
3821:Mapuche
3787:Wyandot
3747:Guarani
3728:Choctaw
3723:Chilote
3664:Alaskan
3659:Abenaki
3610:Tagalog
3583:Kejawèn
3432:Sikhism
3395:Jainism
3355:Tibetan
3338:Amidism
3206:Warkari
3120:Đạo Mẫu
2970:Chinese
2952:Eastern
2929:Roshani
2848:Iranian
2756:Alevism
2749:Ibadism
2722:Zaydism
2399:Ancient
2370:Eastern
2330:Renewal
2315:Karaite
2296:Zionist
2284:Hasidic
2266:Judaism
2248:Western
1436:Sources
1392:Russian
1381:Russian
1370:Russian
1359:Russian
1335:Russian
1303:Belukha
1122:arzhans
1055:aru tos
945:Deities
847:prince
811:Ak Jang
804:Russian
774:is the
772:Burkhan
691:
667:Ak Jang
610:Animism
538:Belukha
482:Qam/böö
474:Priests
162:Founder
125:Ak Jang
83:scholar
8707:Virtue
8668:animal
8648:Ritual
8604:Menhir
8599:Dolmen
8404:Uralic
8384:Slavic
8374:Romani
8334:Celtic
8317:Abkhaz
8305:Romuva
8295:Baltic
8245:Ethnic
8203:Somali
8173:Maasai
8076:Tongan
8041:Papuan
7980:Berber
7927:Nubian
7854:Uralic
7849:Slavic
7817:Cybele
7795:Dacian
7780:Minoan
7743:Castro
7719:Orphic
7682:Gothic
7650:Celtic
7620:Basque
7598:Baltic
7581:Lydian
7515:Heraka
7445:Korean
7435:Shinto
7420:Kalash
7383:Marapu
7319:Turkic
7304:Manchu
7299:Altaic
7176:Portal
7115:Guyana
7095:Brazil
7062:Tuvalu
6959:Panama
6949:Mexico
6894:Canada
6889:Belize
6819:Sweden
6799:Serbia
6789:Russia
6774:Poland
6769:Norway
6749:Monaco
6719:Latvia
6714:Kosovo
6689:Greece
6679:France
6611:Europe
6576:Turkey
6561:Taiwan
6466:Kuwait
6439:Jordan
6429:Israel
6389:Cyprus
6374:Brunei
6369:Bhutan
6321:Zambia
6316:Uganda
6256:Rwanda
6211:Malawi
6171:Guinea
6161:Gambia
6066:Angola
6053:Africa
5862:Wealth
5810:Schism
5765:Growth
5689:Priest
5674:Clergy
5493:Theism
5476:Nature
5471:Astral
5414:Groves
5382:Ritual
5367:Prayer
5325:Novice
5275:Ethnic
5200:Topics
5172:Urartu
5167:Tongan
5162:Somali
5157:Slavic
5037:Dacian
4816:Celtic
4811:Basque
4789:Baltic
4640:Udmurt
4605:Uralic
4600:Slavic
4553:Celtic
4541:Abkhaz
4529:Romuva
4519:Baltic
4494:Modern
4337:Papuan
4300:Voodoo
4255:Kumina
4196:Yoruba
4186:Urhobo
4156:Maasai
4141:Lotuko
4089:Baluba
4079:Akamba
4052:Berber
4010:Heraka
4000:Dongba
3878:Pueblo
3873:Pawnee
3863:Navajo
3853:Muisca
3816:Lenape
3804:Lakota
3782:Seneca
3772:Mohawk
3706:Ohlone
3681:Apache
3674:Ojibwe
3649:Native
3515:Manchu
3510:Evenki
3471:Altaic
3462:Ethnic
3437:Khalsa
3390:Kalash
3280:Śrauta
3149:Indian
3079:Korean
3045:Shinto
3015:Taoism
2988:Luoism
2814:Baháʼí
2809:Bábism
2761:Ahmadi
2739:Sufism
2732:Alawis
2382:Church
2310:Reform
2291:Modern
2279:Haredi
1798:Regnum
1685:
1605:
1567:(45).
1476:
1253:jajyks
1239:Murgul
1235:Shuten
1208:cairns
1201:murgul
1190:archyn
1169:Yerlik
1153:Ul'gan
1108:Ot-ene
977:Tengri
706:Russia
683:Ak çaņ
675:Ак јаҥ
508:Orkhon
492:Mudang
487:Táltos
423:People
390:Shinto
304:Turkic
288:Tengri
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
8702:Totem
8673:human
8574:Ethos
8487:Wicca
8453:Other
8354:Hindu
8198:Serer
8183:Mbuti
8163:Hausa
8153:Dinka
8131:Kongo
8121:Bantu
8061:Māori
7985:Punic
7812:Roman
7694:Greek
7687:Norse
7655:Irish
7525:Qiang
7430:Vedic
7413:Tamil
7366:Malay
7280:Asian
7220:(and
7100:Chile
7057:Tonga
7047:Samoa
7037:Palau
7027:Nauru
6934:Haiti
6854:Wales
6814:Spain
6739:Malta
6709:Italy
6601:Yemen
6556:Syria
6536:Qatar
6511:Nepal
6486:Macau
6449:Korea
6434:Japan
6409:India
6384:China
6296:Sudan
6246:Niger
6201:Libya
6186:Kenya
6166:Ghana
6156:Gabon
6131:Egypt
6071:Benin
5980:Index
5951:lists
5820:State
5638:Women
5506:Deism
5481:Place
5461:Water
5456:Truth
5424:Trees
5280:Faith
5245:Laity
5140:Punic
5098:Roman
5064:Vedic
5022:Olmec
4909:Greek
4902:Norse
4826:Irish
4647:Wicca
4442:Subud
4332:Inuit
4305:Winti
4295:Vodou
4260:Obeah
4240:Comfa
4223:Bantu
4176:Serer
4161:Mbuti
4121:Dogon
4116:Dinka
4099:Kongo
4094:Bantu
4020:Qiang
3910:Yaqui
3841:Olmec
3831:Aztec
3752:Haida
3701:Miwok
3696:Kuksu
3627:Māori
3558:Dayak
3479:Turko
3442:Sects
3378:Other
3333:Thiền
2917:Other
2819:Druze
2797:Other
2673:Sunni
2665:Islam
2447:Amish
2365:Latin
2095:(PDF)
1888:Tomsk
1738:[
1711:[
1677:[
1593:[
1552:(PDF)
1537:(PDF)
1513:(PDF)
1490:(PDF)
1474:S2CID
1429:]
1348:Altay
1324:Altay
1293:, an
1164:Erlik
1084:Jajyk
1045:Asena
1041:Shunu
1021:Oirat
1017:Khoit
991:Oirat
899:, or
897:Manas
893:Gesar
845:Oirat
841:Khoit
671:Altay
558:Ovoos
522:Epics
400:Wuism
206:Altai
156:Altai
90:JSTOR
76:books
8616:Myth
8559:Blót
8158:Efik
8141:Zulu
8136:Lozi
8116:Akan
7874:Sami
7869:Mari
7460:Ahom
7450:Miao
7294:Ainu
7125:Peru
7007:Fiji
6904:Cuba
6516:Oman
6476:Laos
6424:Iraq
6419:Iran
6336:Asia
6306:Togo
6216:Mali
6106:Chad
5949:and
5876:and
5451:Text
5431:Soul
5320:Monk
5285:Fire
4966:Inca
4774:Ainu
4658:list
4635:Sámi
4265:Palo
4233:Ketu
4228:Jejé
4146:Lozi
4126:Efik
4104:Zulu
4084:Akan
3937:Ahom
3929:Miao
3927:and
3915:Zuni
3888:Hopi
3836:Maya
3733:Crow
3711:Pomo
3368:list
3325:Chan
3296:list
3253:Nath
3051:list
2787:list
2712:Shia
2654:list
2341:list
2151:help
2116:help
1754:link
1727:link
1683:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1245:Chok
1213:oboo
1197:kure
1126:seok
1096:Umai
1025:Qing
889:seok
877:and
819:Jang
750:and
689:lit.
510:and
353:list
62:news
8193:San
7495:Bon
7455:Tai
5855:War
5330:Nun
5295:God
4356:New
4201:Ifá
4171:San
3970:Bon
3925:Tai
3905:Ute
3329:Zen
2993:Nuo
2180:by
1569:doi
1502:doi
1466:doi
1427:alt
1247:or
1237:or
1199:or
993:or
956:by
929:" (
708:'s
704:of
665:or
405:Bön
45:by
8777::
7465:Mo
5672:/
5243:/
4136:Ik
3947:Mo
2184:,
2142::
2140:}}
2136:{{
2107::
2105:}}
2101:{{
2012:^
1979:^
1960:^
1923:^
1867:^
1785:^
1770:^
1750:}}
1746:{{
1723:}}
1719:{{
1649:,
1639:12
1563:.
1545:22
1543:.
1539:.
1496:.
1492:.
1472:.
1462:39
1460:.
1456:.
1394::
1383::
1372::
1361::
1350::
1337::
1330:)
1326::
895:,
731:,
686:,
677:,
673::
258:A
234:on
7224:)
7210:e
7203:t
7196:v
4213::
3740:/
3481:-
3331:/
3327:/
2604:/
2418:/
2215:e
2208:t
2201:v
2153:)
2149:(
2118:)
2114:(
1995:.
1974:.
1877:.
1841:.
1829:.
1807:.
1756:)
1729:)
1702:.
1611:.
1577:.
1571::
1504::
1498:3
1480:.
1468::
1418:;
1376:)
1216:)
1210:(
1167:(
1031:.
1019:-
1001:.
843:-
784:—
669:(
651:e
644:t
637:v
270:–
262:–
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
