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1114:, the son of the first European to report the species). One hundred apparently full seeds were selected and planted into 30 cm by 12 cm plastic tubes commercially filled with sterile potting mix in early February 1999. These were then placed in a shaded area and watered weekly. Four tubes were lost due to being knocked over. Of a total of 100 seeds placed, 87 germinated. The tubes were checked monthly for emergence over three years. Of these seeds, 55 emerged from April to December, 1999; 32 emerged from January to September in 2000, one seed emerged in January 2001, and the last appeared in February 2001.
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826:) to the gatherings. They stayed for months, to celebrate and feast on the bunya nut. The bunya gatherings were an armistice accompanied by much trade exchange, and discussions and negotiations over marriage and regional issues. Due to the sacred status of the bunyas, some tribes would not camp amongst these trees. Also in some regions, the tree was never to be cut.
841:(1831–1910), who went with the Aboriginal people of Brisbane at the age of 14 to the festival at the Bunya Range (now the Blackall Range in the hinterland area of the Sunshine Coast). His daughter, Constance Petrie, put down his stories in which he said that the trees fruited at three-year intervals. The three-year interval may not be correct.
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The cones of the bunya pine are some of the largest produced by the conifer family. The cones—which can grow to as much as 35 centimetres (14 in) in diameter when mature, and weigh up to 10 kilograms (22 lb)—can drop on unsuspecting passersby from heights of 40 metres (130 ft) or more.
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tree produces edible kernels. The ripe cones fall to the ground. Each segment contains a kernel in a tough protective shell, which will split when boiled or put in a fire. The flavour of the kernel is often compared to a chestnut, although it is less intense in terms of aroma and flavour. The savory
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at regular intervals along the trunk, with leaf-bearing branchlets crowded at their ends. The branches are held more or less horizontally – those towards the top of the trunk may be somewhat ascending, those on the lowest section of the trunk may be somewhat drooping. This arrangement gives the tree
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which prohibited settlers from occupying land or cutting timber within a proclaimed "Bunya district". This may have been in recognition of the local
Aboriginal people's close association with these trees, or their "fierce protection" of them. Regardless, the proclamation was repealed in 1860 in one
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in 1842. Hooker states in his paper that
Bidwill took "not only branches and cones and male flowers, but also a healthy young living plant" to England where Hooker set about describing the new species, and his paper (titled "Figure and description of a new species of Araucaria from Moreton Bay, New
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In the highly variable
Australian climate, the varied timing of emergence of the seedlings maximises the possibility of at least successful replacement of the parent tree. A test of germination was carried out by Smith starting in 1999. Seeds were extracted from two mature cones collected from the
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Bunya nuts are slow to germinate. A set of 12 seeds sown in
Melbourne took an average of about six months to germinate (with the first germinating in three months) and only developed roots after one year. The first leaves form a rosette and are dark brown. The leaves only turn green once the first
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has an unusual cryptogeal seed germination in which the seeds develop to form an underground tuber from which the aerial shoot later emerges. The actual emergence of the seed is then known to occur over several years presumably as a strategy to allow the seedlings to emerge under optimum climatic
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genus, changes its structural model over time – initially its growth follows a perfect
Massart's model and gradually changes to a Rauh model when old. Tree architecture has been studied in recent decades from a scientific point of view, in a systematic way. Botanists Hall, Oldeman and Tomlinson
1058:' by indigenous foods enthusiasts. A huge variety of home-invented recipes now exists for the bunya nut; from pancakes, biscuits and breads, to casseroles, to 'bunya nut pesto' or hoummus. The nut is considered nutritious, with a unique flavour similar to starchy potato and chestnut.
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The cones were a very important food source for native
Australians – each Aboriginal family would own a group of trees and these would be passed down from generation to generation. This is said to be the only case of hereditary personal property owned by the Aboriginal people.
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as a touchstone for the main characters. The tree, known as "El Pino" ("the pine" in
Spanish), has become famous from this association, and is visited by international fans of the film. A late-2020 prank claiming the tree would be cut down incited a brief panic locally.
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would meet to discuss important issues relating to the environment, social relationships, politics and The
Dreaming lore, feasting and sharing dance ceremonies. Many conflicts would be settled at this event, and consequences for breaches of laws were discussed.
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Bunya nuts are still sold as a regular food item in grocery stalls and street-side stalls around rural southern
Queensland. Some farmers in the Wide Bay/ Sunshine Coast regions have experimented with growing bunya trees commercially for their nuts and timber.
399:. At maturity, which occurs from December through to March, female cones are green with 50–100 pointed segments, each of which encloses a seed, and they can weigh up to 10 kg. Both seed and pollen cones are some of the largest of all conifer species.
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Today, the southeast
Queensland populations exist as very small groves or single trees in its former range, except on and near the Bunya Mountains, where it is still fairly prolific, while the populations in north Queensland remain stable.
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Hernandez-Castillo, G. R., Stockey R. A.(2002) Palaeobotany of the Bunya Pine In (Ed. Anna Haebich) ppl 31–38. 'On the Bunya Trail' Queensland Review – Special Edition, Volume 9, No. 2, November 2002 (University of Queensland Press: St
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The trees' pollen cones appear in April and mature in September or October. The cones require fifteen months to mature, and the cones fall 17 to 18 months after pollination in late January to early March from the coast to the current
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The nutritional content of the bunya nut is: 40% water, 40% complex carbohydrates, 9% protein, 2% fat, 0.2% potassium, 0.06% magnesium. It is also gluten free, making bunya nut flour a substitute for people with gluten intolerance.
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up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long which matures around October to November. The female (or seed) cone is much larger, reaching up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 20 cm (7.9 in) wide, which is roughly equivalent to a
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Smith I. R., Butler D (2002) The Bunya in Queensland's Forests, In (Ed. Anna Haebich) pp. 31–38. 'On the Bunya Trail' Queensland Review – Special Edition, Volume 9, No. 2, November 2002 (University of Queensland Press: St
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Smith, Ian R.; Butler, Don (2009), "The Bunya Pine – the ecology of Australia's other 'Living Fossil' Araucarian – Dandabah Area – Bunya Mountains, South East Queensland, Australia.", in Bieleski, R. L.; Wilcox, M. D. (eds.),
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After the cones had fallen and the fruit was ripe, a large festival harvest would sometimes occur, between two and seven years apart. The people of the region would set aside differences and gather in the Bon-yi Mountains
803:) to feast on the kernels. The local people, who were bound by custodial obligations and rights, sent out messengers to invite people from hundreds of kilometres to meet at specific sites. The meetings involved
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Two more natural, but very small and very isolated, populations of the species occur approximately 1,500 km (930 mi) to the north, in the wet tropics region of northeastern Queensland – one close to
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and decussate (referred to as secondarily distichous) – that is, one pair of leaves are produced on the twig opposite each other, and the next pair above is rotated around the twig 90° to them, and so on.
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company (also Australian) uses bunya for the majority of its acoustic guitar soundboards. The timber is valued by cabinet makers and woodworkers, and has been used for that purpose for over a century.
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in Australia is in part due to poor seed dispersal, and also the drying out of the Australian continent over the millennia, leading to a reduction of areas with suitable climatic zones for rainforest.
738:) may have been dispersers for the bunya is reasonable, given the size of the seeds and their energy content, but difficult to confirm given the incompleteness of the fossil record for
1025:) both raw and cooked, and also in its immature form. Traditionally, the nuts were additionally ground and made into a paste, which was eaten directly or cooked in hot coals to make
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have been incorporated into the current management practices of the national park and conservation reserves with the Bunya Murri Ranger project currently operating in the mountains.
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Smith I. R. (2004) Regional Forest Types-Southern Coniferous Forests In 'Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences' (eds. Burley J., Evans J., Youngquist J.) Elsevier: Oxford. pp 1383–1391.
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area in Ireland (53ºN) in a microclimate protected from arctic winds and moderated by the Gulf Stream. They will reach a height of 35 to 40 metres, and live for about 500 years.
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Bunya timber was and is still highly valued as "tonewood" for stringed instruments' sound boards since the first European settlers. Since the mid-1990s, the Australian company
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374:(without a stem). They measure up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long by 1 cm (0.4 in) wide with fine longitudinal venation, glossy green above and paler underneath. The
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861:. The Aboriginal people were eventually driven out of the forests and the festivals ceased. The forests were felled for timber and cleared to make way for cultivation.
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Queensland Government, 2012. Bunya Mountains National Park Management Statement 2012 (Management Plan). Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing.
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The falling cones are capable of causing severe injuries. Caution is also advised when parking under these trees as the falling cones can dent or damage vehicles.
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Moura Nadolny, Jaqueline; Best, Odette; Hassall, Emma; Shewan, Heather M.; Olarte Mantilla, Sandra M.; Stokes, Jason R.; Smyth, Heather E. (20 May 2022).
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In what was probably Australia's largest Indigenous event, diverse tribes – up to thousands of people – once travelled great distances (from as far as
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are known to eat the seeds. The cockatoos are also a dispersal agent as they will carry seeds to a distant perch to eat, but may drop them on the way.
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metropolitan area, and it has also been widely planted in other parts of the world. They are very tall trees – the tallest living individual is in
2314:"In the Wake of the Raftsmen: A Survey of Early Settlement in the Maroochy District up to the Passing of Macalister's Act (1868) [Part I]"
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studied the growth of tropical trees and arrived at the idea of the architectural model, which can be seen as a growth strategy to occupy space.
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The leaves are small and rigid with a sharp tip which can easily penetrate the skin. They are narrowly triangular, broad at the base and
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stem branch occurs. Unlike the mature leaves, the young leaves are relatively soft. As the leaves age they become very hard and sharp.
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Markwell Consulting, 2010. Bonye Buru Booburrgan Ngmmunge – Bunya Mountains Aboriginal Aspirations and Caring for Country Plan (Plan).
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2014:"Overlooked Parrot Seed Dispersal in Australia and South America: Insights on the Evolution of Dispersal Syndromes and Seed Size in
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have continued cultural and spiritual connections to the Bunya Mountains to this day. A number of strategies including the use of
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can be successful, though they must be taken from erect growing shoots, as cuttings from side shoots will not grow upright.
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2198:(Report). Resource: Indigenous Perspectives: Res008. Queensland Government and Queensland Studies Authority. February 2008
1033:. The nuts were also stored in the mud of running creeks, and eaten in a fermented state. This was considered a delicacy.
590:, leading to its common name 'bunya pine'. It is also less-known as the false monkey puzzle tree (not to be confused with
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will grow to a height of 50 m (160 ft) with a single unbranched trunk up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)
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Hook.) – Dispersal and Mast Years. 5th Southern Connection Conference, Adelaide, South Australia, 21–25 January 2007.
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A problem in small forestry plantations of the bunya pine in Southeast Queensland is the introduction of red deer (
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conditions or, it has been suggested, to avoid fire. This erratic germination has been one of the main problems in
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Apart from consuming the nuts, Indigenous Australians ate bunya shoots, and utilised the tree's bark as kindling.
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Falster, Georgina M.; Wright, Nicky M.; Abram, Nerilie J.; Ukkola, Anna M.; Henley, Benjamin J. (27 March 2024).
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Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
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in 1843, based on material collected in the "Mount Brisbane range of hills, 70 miles N.W. of Moreton Bay" by
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1970:"Potential for historically unprecedented Australian droughts from natural variability and climate change"
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762:). Unlike possums and rodents, the deer eat bunya cones while still intact, preventing their dispersal.
612:, and is the sole extant species within it. This section is thought to have been most widespread in the
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2613:"Column: People came by to pay final respects to this East L.A. tree that went Hollywood. Too soon?"
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The edible seeds measure between 2.5 cm (1.0 in) and 5 cm (2.0 in) long and are
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Araucariacea : proceedings of the 2002 Araucariaceae Symposium, Araucaria-Agathis-Wollemia
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and was reported by Robert Van Pelt in January 2003 to be 51.5 m (169 ft) in height.
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1868:"Araucaria bidwillii Bunya-Bunya, Monkey Puzzle Tree, False Monkey Puzzle PFAF Plant Database"
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was abundant in southern Queensland, occurring in large groves or sprinkled regularly as an
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1981:
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546:, the name of the area in Chile where the first species of this genus originated, and/or
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1985:
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in honour of Bidwill, for his efforts in collecting specimens and bringing them to him.
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Petrie C. C. (ed) (1904), Tom Petrie's Reminiscences of Early Queensland (Brisb, 1904)
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Representatives of many different groups from across southern Queensland and northern
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1723:"UVED - Plant Growth Modelling - Botany - Plant Axis typology - Architectural Models"
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Pye M.G., Gadek P. A. (2004) Genetic diversity, differentiation and conservation in
1783:"Figure and description of a new species of Araucaria from Moreton Bay, New Holland"
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Smith I. R., Withers K., Billingsley J. (2007) Maintaining the Ancient Bunya Tree (
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1989:
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2012:
Tella, José L.; Blanco, Guillermo; Dénes, Francisco V.; Hiraldo, Fernando (2019).
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When the nuts are boiled in water, the water turns red, making a flavoursome tea.
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has used bunya for the soundboards of its BG808CL Performer acoustic guitars. The
807:, dispute settlements and fights, marriage arrangements and the trading of goods.
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2506:"Man injured by pine cone in San Francisco park sues the US government for $ 5m"
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Once established, bunyas are quite hardy and they can be grown as far south as
758:
661:
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550:, the Spanish word for the original inhabitants of the area. Hooker coined the
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1994:
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The suggestion that extinct large animals (initially dinosaurs and later the
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2013:
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2665:(Araucariaceae), Australia's Bunya pine. Conservation Genetics. 5, 619–629.
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362:, which has dark brown or black flaky bark. The branches are produced in
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1810:
Queensland Government Species profile — Araucaria bidwillii (bunya pine)
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State of Queensland, 2013, Feral deer management strategy 2013–18, p. 7
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320:
139:
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2720:, Stacey Larner, John Oxley Library Blog. State Library of Queensland.
1344:. Canberra: Australian National University Press. pp. 80, 124–6.
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Bountiful bunyas : a charismatic tree with a fascinating history
2223:
Bountiful bunyas : a charismatic tree with a fascinating history
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815:
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2588:"Great Read: A tree's cinematic fame continues to grow in East L.A."
2447:
1617:"Bunya nuts: The Australian bush food that is growing in popularity"
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1392:, Department of Climate Change, the Environment and Water: Canberra
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1432:. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 5.
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Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice, eds. (18 August 2011). "bunya".
1061:
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A pair of bunya seedlings showing the change in leaf colour. The
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505:. When there is heavy rainfall or drought, pollination may vary.
304:
159:
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1561:. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),
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https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=13706
1705:"L'Arbre et sa Structure (Lecture, Ver de Terre production)"
327:
populations in northeast Queensland's World Heritage listed
2182:
Jerome, P., 2002. Boobarran Ngummin: the Bunya Mountains. .
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284:
2393:"Araucaria araucana and A. bidwillii by Michael A. Arnold"
1711:
from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.
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of the first acts of the government of the newly created
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2559:"Bunya pines are ancient, delicious and possibly deadly"
1967:
1645:
Hernandez-Castillo, Genaro R.; Stockey, Ruth A. (2002).
1591:
Parks and forests, Department of Environment and Science
1286:. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research,
2723:
2011:
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flavour and aroma is also comparable to cooked potato.
2640:
Haines R. J. (1983) Embryo development and anatomy in
2364:, International Dendrology Society, pp. 287–298,
1125:
in New Zealand (43° S) and (at least) as far north as
1110:, just north of Brisbane (originally the homestead of
278:
1690:
Computer Graphics, Volume 22, Number 4, August 1988
845:
wrote in 1844 of his expedition to the Bunya feast.
272:
1737:
https://www.conifers.org/ar/Araucaria_bidwillii.php
652:species throughout other forest types on the upper
269:
2581:
2579:
513:The species was described by the English botanist
3641:
2651:Juss. Australian Journal of Botany. 31, 255–267.
2644:Juss. Australian Journal of Botany. 31, 125–140.
1692:https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/378456.378505
1198:Queensland Department of Environment and Science
668:), and also towards and on the Bunya Mountains.
2693:of historical sightings of this species at the
2576:
2604:
2221:This Knowledge article incorporates text from
1469:"Araucaria bidwillii (Bunya pine) description"
1307:
1248:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T42195A10660714.en
2739:
2070:"Sensory properties of Australian bunya nuts"
1752:. Melbourne: Miegunyah Press. pp. 23–27.
848:In 1842, the government of what was then the
2481:"Dropping season for giant Bunya pine cones"
2354:
2352:
2156:
1947:Australian Native Plants Society (Australia)
1640:
1638:
1429:Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest
1421:
998:A comparison on how large the cones can grow
660:, Sunshine Coast hinterland (especially the
422:Distinctive canopies seen at Bunya Mountains
3650:Nature Conservation Act least concern biota
2358:
2307:
2305:
2272:"Ludwig Leichhardt (on the bushfood trail)"
962:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
522:Holland") was published in his own journal
27:Species of tree in the family Araucariaceae
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703:A variety of birds and animals, including
604:The bunya pine is a member of the Section
367:a very distinctive egg-shaped silhouette.
331:. There are many planted specimens on the
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1762:Australian Journal of Botany 70(8) p 515
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982:Learn how and when to remove this message
2647:Haines R. J. (1983) Seed development in
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2007:
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1593:. Queensland Government. 20 October 2009
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1013:eat the nut of the bunya tree (known as
1001:
993:
921:For broader coverage of this topic, see
765:
2585:
2431:. University of Hamburg. Archived from
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1998:– via European Geosciences Union.
1922:"Conifer Database in Catalogue of Life"
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1054:However, its most popular use is as a '
620:period with cone morphology similar to
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1748:Allen, Richard; Baker, Kimbal (2009).
1537:
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1133:(in the botanical garden) and even in
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2002:
1702:
1623:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1557:Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
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1390:Australian Biological Resources Study
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3510:6513c7fe-4a5c-43c2-8256-eb2ede522027
2225:(11 October 2021) published by the
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1486:
1373:
1106:same tree, a cultivated specimen at
960:adding citations to reliable sources
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644:At the start of British occupation,
3655:IUCN Red List least concern species
2532:"Giant pine cone crashes on couple"
1974:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
1914:
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1234:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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24:
2611:Arellano, Gustavo (January 2021).
2022:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
1546:; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020).
1446:
1358:
25:
3736:
3705:Least concern biota of Queensland
2684:
1310:Concise Oxford English Dictionary
837:A Bunya festival was recorded by
390:, the male (or pollen) cone is a
319:. Its natural range is southeast
3700:Least concern flora of Australia
3588:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261684-1
2586:Becerra, Hector (30 June 2014).
2216:
1647:"Palaeobotany of the Bunya Pine"
1312:(Luxury ed.). p. 186.
932:
911:traditional ecological knowledge
463:
451:
439:
427:
415:
265:
100:
3695:Australian Aboriginal bushcraft
2633:
2550:
2524:
2498:
2473:
2385:
2340:
2331:
2264:
2239:
2210:
2176:
2061:
2052:
1961:
1935:
1860:
1816:
1804:
1764:https://doi.org/10.1071/BT22043
1756:
1741:
1729:
1715:
1696:
1684:
1587:"Bunya Mountains National Park"
639:
564:Australian Aboriginal languages
542:is taken from the Spanish word
475:
3710:Trees of mild maritime climate
2695:Australasian Virtual Herbarium
2557:Wright, Ian A. (22 May 2018).
2160:Assimilating the bunya forests
1301:
1076:
869:Indigenous groups such as the
350:
13:
1:
2457:. Earlscliffe. Archived from
2276:Australian Bushfoods Magazine
1615:Courtney, Pip (11 May 2018).
1176:
1093:, remaining below the ground.
483:, like many species from the
345:Bunya Mountains National Park
2126:"Araucaria bidwillii - Hook"
1750:Australia's Remarkable Trees
1160:East Los Angeles, California
691:The limited distribution of
599:
529:
495:
7:
3725:Endemic flora of Queensland
2236:, accessed on 31 May 2022.
2227:State Library of Queensland
1340:Tindale, Norman B. (1974).
1282:Australian Plant Name Index
624:have been found in the UK (
596:, the monkey puzzle tree).
508:
10:
3741:
3715:Garden plants of Australia
1140:
1129:in California (38° N) and
920:
852:published a notice in the
698:
3216:
3146:
3059:
2881:
2761:
1995:10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024
1663:10.1017/S1321816600002920
1121:in Australia (42° S) and
1018:Aboriginal pronunciation:
854:N.S.W. Government Gazette
850:Colony of New South Wales
705:sulphur-crested cockatoos
682:Mount Lewis National Park
234:
227:
97:Scientific classification
95:
73:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3670:Flora of New South Wales
3171:Queensland macadamia nut
2753:
1901:American Conifer Society
1787:London Journal of Botany
1735:The Gymnosperm Database
864:
524:London Journal of Botany
259:, commonly known as the
2086:10.1111/1750-3841.16184
2074:Journal of Food Science
2035:10.3389/fevo.2019.00082
1703:Hallé, Francis (2018).
1473:The Gymnosperm Database
916:
680:, and the other in the
2968:Johnstone River almond
2455:"Climatic zone plants"
2080:(6): 1750–3841.16184.
1852:: CS1 maint: others (
1094:
1066:
1065:Bunya pine guitar body
1011:Indigenous Australians
1007:
999:
627:Araucaria sphaerocarpa
566:this tree is known as
515:William Jackson Hooker
3680:Edible nuts and seeds
2896:Australian cashew nut
2193:Aboriginal Ceremonies
2157:Anna Haebich (2005),
1943:"Araucaria bidwillii"
1824:"False monkey puzzle"
1781:Hooker, W.J. (1843).
1563:Australian Government
1505:"Araucaria bidwillii"
1288:Australian Government
1241:: e.T42195A10660714.
1202:Queensland Government
1084:
1064:
1005:
997:
923:Araucaria § Uses
805:Aboriginal ceremonies
766:Cultural significance
630:) and South America (
323:with two very small,
3685:Pinales of Australia
956:improve this section
859:Colony of Queensland
736:Australian megafauna
3665:Flora of Queensland
3383:Araucaria bidwillii
3318:Araucaria_bidwillii
3285:Araucaria_bidwillii
3248:Araucaria bidwillii
3218:Araucaria bidwillii
2974:Irvingia gabonensis
2711:of this species on
2702:of this species on
2670:Araucaria bidwillii
2663:Araucaria bidwillii
2427:Araucaria bidwillii
2321:Queensland Heritage
2312:E. G. Heap (1965).
2130:Plants for a Future
1986:2024HESS...28.1383F
1895:Araucaria bidwillii
1872:Plants for a future
1550:Araucaria bidwillii
1378:Araucaria bidwillii
1374:Hill, K.D. (2022).
1275:Araucaria bidwillii
1227:Araucaria bidwillii
1223:Thomas, P. (2011).
1192:Araucaria bidwillii
1156:Araucaria bidwillii
1006:Whole cone and nuts
721:fawn-footed melomys
717:Trichosurus caninus
713:short-eared possums
633:Araucaria mirabilis
616:– fossils from the
481:Araucaria bidwillii
356:Araucaria bidwillii
307:tree in the family
256:Araucaria bidwillii
238:Araucaria bidwillii
51:Conservation status
3690:Trees of Australia
3131:Single-leaf pinyon
2435:on 28 October 2009
2290:on 5 November 2013
1424:Cooper, William T.
1385:Flora of Australia
1169:Blood In Blood Out
1150:In popular culture
1095:
1067:
1008:
1000:
725:Melomys cervinipes
678:Atherton Tableland
593:Araucaria araucana
519:John Carne Bidwill
434:Close up of leaves
333:Atherton Tableland
3637:
3636:
3544:Open Tree of Life
3210:Taxon identifiers
3201:
3200:
3099:Monkey-puzzle nut
2961:Shellbark hickory
2946:Mockernut hickory
2906:Borneo tallow nut
2700:View observations
2617:Los Angeles Times
2591:Los Angeles Times
2512:. 14 October 2015
2371:978-0-473-15226-0
1651:Queensland Review
1319:978-0-19-960111-0
1190:"Species profile—
992:
991:
984:
843:Ludwig Leichhardt
674:Cannabullen Falls
339:, and around the
252:
251:
220:A. bidwillii
90:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3732:
3720:Ornamental trees
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3477:
3476:
3464:
3463:
3451:
3450:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3205:
3204:
2956:Shagbark hickory
2858:Malabar chestnut
2748:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2563:The Conversation
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2398:. Archived from
2397:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2356:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2286:. Archived from
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2243:
2237:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2037:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1980:(6): 1383–1401.
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1834:. 25 August 2009
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1778:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1559:Edition 8 (RFK8)
1539:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1501:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1465:
1444:
1443:
1419:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1371:
1356:
1355:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1186:
1024:
1019:
987:
980:
976:
973:
967:
936:
928:
753:of the species.
709:Cacatua galerita
558:Vernacular names
467:
455:
443:
431:
419:
376:leaf arrangement
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
240:
105:
104:
84:
79:
78:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3586:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3531:Observation.org
3529:
3521:
3516:
3508:
3506:
3498:
3493:
3485:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3212:
3202:
3197:
3142:
3116:Colorado pinyon
3055:
2877:
2757:
2752:
2687:
2682:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2584:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2538:. 13 April 2012
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2461:on 21 July 2011
2453:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2405:on 4 March 2016
2402:
2395:
2391:
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2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
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2291:
2270:
2269:
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2255:
2253:
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2240:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2195:
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2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2155:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2010:
2003:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1915:
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1891:
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1876:
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1835:
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1761:
1757:
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1734:
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1721:
1720:
1716:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1643:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1540:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1447:
1440:
1422:Cooper, Wendy;
1420:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1372:
1359:
1352:
1338:
1327:
1320:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1164:Taylor Hackford
1162:is featured in
1152:
1143:
1079:
1022:[jeŋgi]
1017:
988:
977:
971:
968:
953:
937:
926:
919:
867:
831:New South Wales
801:Bunya Mountains
768:
701:
658:Brisbane Rivers
642:
602:
570:(anglicized as
560:
552:species epithet
532:
511:
503:Bunya Mountains
498:
487:family and the
478:
471:
468:
459:
456:
447:
444:
435:
432:
423:
420:
353:
337:New South Wales
268:
264:
248:
242:
236:
223:
99:
91:
80:
76:
69:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:wfo-0000260208
3618:
3605:
3592:
3579:
3566:
3553:
3540:
3527:
3514:
3504:
3491:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3348:
3335:
3322:
3315:Conifers.org:
3312:
3299:
3289:
3276:
3266:
3253:
3238:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:Mexican pinyon
3123:
3118:
3113:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3044:English walnut
3041:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2990:Planted karuka
2982:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2868:Red bopple nut
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:European hazel
2828:
2823:
2821:American hazel
2813:
2812:
2811:
2809:Sweet chestnut
2801:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2787:European beech
2784:
2782:American beech
2774:
2768:
2766:
2764:botanical nuts
2759:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2686:
2685:External links
2683:
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1175:
1154:A specimen of
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1075:
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989:
940:
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759:Cervus elaphus
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662:Blackall Range
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3211:
3206:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Macadamia nut
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Chilgoza pine
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3074:Burrawang nut
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Chilean hazel
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2873:Yellow walnut
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2592:
2589:
2582:
2580:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2401:
2394:
2388:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2353:
2343:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2252:
2248:
2247:"Bunya Feast"
2242:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2194:
2188:
2179:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1902:
1898:
1897:/ Bunya pine"
1896:
1888:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1833:
1832:Waikato Times
1829:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1441:
1439:9780958174213
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:(June 2004).
1425:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1353:
1351:0-7081-0741-9
1347:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:'s 1993 film
1165:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1112:Thomas Petrie
1109:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1004:
996:
986:
983:
975:
965:
961:
957:
951:
950:
946:
941:This section
939:
935:
930:
929:
924:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:Goreng goreng
884:
880:
876:
872:
862:
860:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
839:Thomas Petrie
835:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
796:
792:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
763:
761:
760:
754:
752:
747:
743:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
696:
694:
689:
685:
683:
679:
675:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
637:
635:
634:
629:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:of the genus
607:
597:
595:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
527:
525:
520:
516:
506:
504:
493:
490:
486:
485:Araucariaceae
482:
466:
461:
454:
449:
442:
437:
430:
425:
418:
413:
412:
411:
409:
408:long-elliptic
405:
400:
398:
393:
389:
384:
381:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
357:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:Araucariaceae
306:
303:
300:, is a large
299:
295:
289:
262:
258:
257:
246:
241:
239:
233:
230:
229:Binomial name
226:
222:
221:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
204:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:Araucariaceae
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:Tracheophytes
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
94:
88:
83:
82:Least Concern
72:
66:
61:
60:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3217:
3178:Paradise nut
3093:
3085:
3034:Black walnut
3008:Panda oleosa
3006:
2972:
2826:Beaked hazel
2669:
2662:
2648:
2641:
2634:Bibliography
2620:. Retrieved
2616:
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2590:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2535:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2509:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2459:the original
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:the original
2426:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2400:the original
2387:
2361:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2292:. Retrieved
2288:the original
2275:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2251:anpsa.org.au
2250:
2241:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2187:
2178:
2167:, retrieved
2159:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2120:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2054:
2045:10261/189985
2025:
2021:
2015:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1949:. 4 May 2024
1946:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:
1894:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:
1862:
1836:. Retrieved
1827:
1818:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:
1786:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1731:
1717:
1698:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1657:(2): 25–30.
1654:
1650:
1625:. Retrieved
1620:
1595:. Retrieved
1590:
1566:. Retrieved
1555:
1549:
1544:B.P.M.Hyland
1514:13 September
1512:. Retrieved
1509:anpsa.org.au
1508:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
1428:
1394:. Retrieved
1383:
1377:
1341:
1309:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1280:
1274:
1252:. Retrieved
1238:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1197:
1191:
1184:
1167:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1123:Christchurch
1116:
1104:
1096:
1071:
1068:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1014:
1009:
978:
969:
954:Please help
942:
868:
847:
836:
828:
809:
797:
793:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
769:
757:
755:
751:silviculture
746:A. bidwillii
745:
744:
733:
724:
716:
708:
702:
693:A. bidwillii
692:
690:
686:
670:
646:A. bidwillii
645:
643:
640:Distribution
631:
625:
622:A. bidwillii
621:
609:
605:
603:
591:
587:
583:
576:bonye, bonyi
575:
571:
567:
561:
547:
543:
539:
533:
523:
512:
499:
480:
479:
476:Architecture
401:
385:
369:
355:
354:
297:
293:
260:
255:
254:
253:
237:
235:
219:
218:
206:
202:
190:
170:Araucariales
140:Gymnospermae
133:
120:
29:
3430:iNaturalist
3242:Wikispecies
3188:Peanut tree
3148:Angiosperms
3121:Korean pine
3061:Gymnosperms
2995:Wild karuka
2841:Asian hazel
2709:View images
2704:iNaturalist
2278:(1). 1997.
2256:16 February
2135:10 November
1254:12 November
1077:Cultivation
895:Quandamooka
812:Charleville
784:bunya-bunya
588:bunya-bunya
580:Gubbi Gubbi
562:In various
458:Female cone
351:Description
329:Wet Tropics
298:bunya-bunya
35:Bunya pine
18:Bunya bunya
3644:Categories
3557:Plant List
3292:Calflora:
3156:Brazil nut
3136:Stone pine
3081:Ginkgo nut
2911:Breadfruit
2713:Flickriver
2691:View a map
2568:9 November
2542:9 November
2516:9 November
2490:9 November
2409:30 October
2327:(3): 3–16.
2294:30 October
2202:17 January
1927:23 October
1877:3 December
1838:3 December
1542:F.A.Zich;
1478:20 January
1177:References
1127:Sacramento
1087:cotyledons
1049:Cole Clark
972:April 2019
740:coprolites
446:Male cones
397:rugby ball
380:distichous
321:Queensland
305:coniferous
261:bunya pine
146:Division:
3660:Araucaria
3562:kew-14343
3396:200005237
3370:200005237
3161:Macadamia
3094:Bunya nut
3087:Araucaria
3039:Butternut
3024:Pistachio
3014:Pekea nut
2936:Gabon nut
2901:Betel nut
2853:Kurrajong
2799:Candlenut
2762:True, or
2649:Araucaria
2642:Araucaria
2622:1 January
2596:1 January
2465:17 August
2380:614167748
2284:1447-0489
2094:0022-1147
2016:Araucaria
1671:142881356
943:does not
891:Butchulla
879:Kabi Kabi
816:Bundaberg
729:wallabies
610:Araucaria
600:Evolution
548:Araucanos
544:Araucanía
540:Araucaria
530:Etymology
496:Phenology
317:Australia
311:which is
302:evergreen
214:Species:
198:Section:
191:Araucaria
160:Pinopsida
150:Pinophyta
110:Kingdom:
3675:Bushfood
3609:Tropicos
3461:10214191
3448:261684-1
3272:308-1-7a
3227:Wikidata
3106:Pine nut
3049:Heartnut
3019:Pili nut
3002:Mongongo
2980:Jack nut
2863:Palm nut
2848:Kola nut
2816:Hazelnut
2804:Chestnut
2794:Breadnut
2510:BBC News
2485:SBS News
2112:35593256
1848:cite web
1796:28 April
1709:Archived
1627:30 April
1621:ABC News
1597:30 April
1568:28 April
1396:28 April
1293:28 April
1208:28 April
1100:Cuttings
1091:hypogeal
1056:bushfood
899:Baruŋgam
883:Jarowair
875:Githabul
871:Wakawaka
650:emergent
618:Jurassic
614:Mesozoic
509:Taxonomy
388:terminal
378:is both
360:diameter
325:disjunct
176:Family:
87:IUCN 3.1
3614:2300011
3549:1020073
3409:2684918
3326:Ecocrop
3233:Q782275
3193:Soybean
2941:Hickory
2926:Coconut
2836:Filbert
2679:Lucia).
2655:Lucia).
2439:18 June
2234:licence
2103:9325081
1982:Bibcode
1830:. From
1141:Dangers
1131:Coimbra
1029:called
964:removed
949:sources
824:Grafton
727:), and
699:Ecology
676:on the
654:Stanley
372:sessile
313:endemic
186:Genus:
166:Order:
156:Class:
114:Plantae
85: (
63: (
3575:ARBI12
3570:PLANTS
3536:114688
3507:NZOR:
3474:506779
3435:136231
3344:323342
3269:APSA:
3183:Peanut
3029:Walnut
2985:Karuka
2931:Durian
2916:Cashew
2891:Almond
2883:Drupes
2378:
2368:
2282:
2229:under
2110:
2100:
2092:
2028:: 82.
2018:Trees"
1669:
1436:
1348:
1316:
1284:(APNI)
1204:. 2022
1135:Dublin
1119:Hobart
1108:Petrie
1015:yenggi
907:Wulili
666:Maleny
364:whorls
247:, 1843
205:sect.
3518:NZPCN
3500:56993
3487:42195
3456:IRMNG
3378:FoAO2
3357:ARUBI
3295:12230
3262:98393
3090:spp.
3069:Cycad
2951:Pecan
2777:Beech
2772:Acorn
2536:Stuff
2403:(PDF)
2396:(PDF)
2317:(PDF)
2231:CC BY
2196:(PDF)
2169:3 May
2164:(PDF)
1953:4 May
1906:3 May
1828:Stuff
1676:3 May
1667:S2CID
1045:Maton
1027:bread
903:Yiman
865:Today
820:Dubbo
788:banya
780:bunyi
776:bonye
772:bunya
606:Bunya
584:bunyi
572:bunya
568:banya
538:name
536:genus
470:Seeds
404:ovoid
392:spike
341:Perth
335:, in
294:banya
245:Hook.
207:Bunya
134:Clade
121:Clade
3601:1457
3583:POWO
3523:4464
3495:NCBI
3482:IUCN
3469:ITIS
3443:IPNI
3422:3835
3417:GRIN
3404:GBIF
3352:EPPO
3331:3320
3308:G67F
3280:ATRF
3257:APNI
2755:Nuts
2624:2021
2598:2021
2570:2023
2544:2023
2518:2023
2492:2023
2467:2011
2441:2009
2411:2012
2376:OCLC
2366:ISBN
2296:2012
2280:ISSN
2258:2012
2204:2020
2171:2023
2137:2020
2108:PMID
2090:ISSN
1955:2024
1929:2012
1908:2023
1879:2020
1854:link
1840:2020
1798:2023
1766:2022
1678:2023
1629:2023
1599:2023
1570:2023
1516:2022
1480:2023
1434:ISBN
1398:2023
1346:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1295:2023
1256:2021
1239:2011
1210:2023
1089:are
1031:manu
947:any
945:cite
917:Uses
905:and
822:and
770:The
664:and
656:and
578:(in
534:The
3622:WFO
3596:RHS
3391:FoC
3365:FNA
3339:EoL
3303:CoL
2098:PMC
2082:doi
2040:hdl
2030:doi
1990:doi
1659:doi
1243:doi
1158:in
958:by
786:or
719:),
711:),
586:or
582:),
574:),
489:fir
406:to
315:to
296:or
292:),
65:NCA
3646::
3624::
3611::
3598::
3585::
3572::
3559::
3546::
3533::
3520::
3497::
3484::
3471::
3458::
3445::
3432::
3419::
3406::
3393::
3380::
3367::
3354::
3341::
3328::
3305::
3282::
3259::
3244::
3229::
2615:.
2578:^
2561:.
2534:.
2508:.
2483:.
2374:,
2351:^
2323:.
2319:.
2304:^
2274:.
2249:.
2145:^
2128:.
2106:.
2096:.
2088:.
2078:87
2076:.
2072:.
2038:.
2024:.
2020:.
2004:^
1988:.
1978:28
1976:.
1972:.
1945:.
1899:.
1870:.
1850:}}
1846:{{
1826:.
1789:.
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